and my question for our trustee which would be administrator mccarthy, is what is epa doing to insure that tribes have a meaningful role in development of climate change regulations and policy actions, and can you affirm incorporation of traditional knowledge this your actions and you institute the tribes' plan for adapting the change that's underway in our environment? thank you. >> well, first of all, mr. chairman, thank you for being with me at the last listening session. the it was a pleasure to be with -- it was a pleasure to be at the table with you and many of the colleagues that represent a variety of agencies talking about these very issues. i'm glad you mentioned ocean acidification, frankly, because it's one of the issues that most concerns me because we know so little. there are many things we know about climate change scientifically. that is one that i think is in

its infancy in terms of understanding, but it gives you the breadth of the impact climate change can have on our lives and particularly on tribal nations. in terms of what we're doing concerning some of the steps we're taking on the climate action plan that the president developed is i think as you all know and secretary jewell mentioned is we've moved forward with the clean power plan which is our plan to regulate carbon pollution from our live resources which are our power plants. we have had consultation with our tribes well in advance of any rule. it's been an outreach effort we have undertaking that is, i think, as large as the issue that we're trying to tackle. and we look forward to continuing those conversations because in the end what we realize is that one of the biggest challenges we face with climate is either too much water

or too little water. and the joy i have when i come to tribal meetings is to have you focus so heavily on water issues, because in many other areas they think this it's all t air, it's all about energy supplies. it is essentially going to be a magnificent challenge that all revolves around water. and water is going to be as valuable as gold is today. and i think we should remind ourselves of that in our cost benefit analysis as we're looking at our rules. so it is extremely important. we will continue this work. one of the things we're doing with tribal ecological knowledge, it's an issue we intend to focus heavily on in the subcommittee, we are trying to understand how to integrate tribal ecological knowledge into the decisions we're making today and our understanding of the impacts of climate as we move forward. and one of the things that we have done internationally is that we've worked with mexico and canada in the context of the council of environmental -- i

never get that right. [laughter] cec. no, no, cec, this is cec. [laughter] commission, thank you. this is the commission that was formed with the tree i -- trity so that we would all work together environmentally. we have actually acknowledged as three separate countries our acknowledgment that tribal ecological knowledge is central to our understanding of our joint environmental challenges. so we are really trying not just domestically, but across borders to take a look at this issue, because many of the issues that i hear people are most concerned about really relate to issues that cross our borders as well. particularly in the great lakes and the pacific northwest where we see so many significant challenges coming from our northern neighbors. so i think we have work to do, but i think we have a pathway to move forward. >> secretary jewell -- >> i'm just going to make a

quick addition to that, and that is we've got climate science centers across the country that are generally overseen by the u.s. geological survey in partnership with universities. we've actually got five tribal liaisons we've added to those climate science centers to reach out specifically to tribal communities to leverage tradition aleck logical knowledge to understand -- traditional ecological knowledge to understand what's happening to species so you can accelerate the knowledge of climate sciences and bring your scientists to bear to those discussions. >> we have time for one more question, unfortunately. >> that's all? >> time flies when you're having fun. >> maybe if we could all be quick, we could fit in two. >> my name is terri parton, and it's an honor to be here today among tribal leaders and our

youth boards, and i -- ambassadors, and i just want to recognize the white house and the center for native american youth for their work in helping our youth become leaders of the future. my question today in regards to climate change and disaster preparedness is toward fema administrator craig fugate. first, i want to applaud fema's tribal affairs office of external affairs for their recent release of the pocket guide. realizing that it's a newly-released document, i have a couple of questions related to that. one, is fema seeking tribal input as to the guide's content, usefulness and applicability? is the guyed being thought of as -- guide being thought of as a living document with tribal leader input? you mentioned earlier that there wouldn't be -- there's consultations, but not face-to-face consultations until something happens, so what are your thoughts on the policy, the

consultation policy and what is guiding fema's tribal interaction and policy development? and then finally, fema -- one of fema's regions is just starting a tribal response plan. will that be duplicated in other regions? >> yes, yes -- [laughter] we do consultation before disaster. i was really referring to when we're rebuilding. so part of our consul talkings policy and, again -- consultation and, again, we're new at this, guys, we're not going to be perfect. but we're trying to, a, set up as we design these programs, engage before decisions are made. and we know that in some cases traditional means that we have oftentimes used such as blasting out e-mails or conferences calls, a lot of times we have to go sit down for the first meeting. so we're trying to adapt consultation based upon the tribal governance and tribal leadership to start the conversations. and it's not waiting million there's a disaster.

i was really -- until there's a disaster. i was really referring to where we have dollars that you would talk about rebuilding. that's really what we've been looking at, how do we rebuild for that future and make sure we're not just replacing something that gets destroyed next time or doesn't meet the future needs. we look at this as ongoing, it's dynamic, but the little pocketful thing, that was just to get something started. you've got ideas, we'll put them in there, we'll print it again. it was just to get started. and the last thing i want to add since we have the youth ambassadors over here, we've been doing something called fema corps where we've been bringing in our americorps teams to work in fee that and do a -- fema and do a lot of outreach. we want to reach out to tribal governments to encourage youth to apply for that. we want to start doing more recruitment in fema corps and recruit more tribal members, become part of that. it's, again, the americorps

program, but it's an opportunity to help get messages out back in indian country and really give us the perspective from the youth of how to better prepare not only to respond to disasters, but also make sure we're addressing the communities we serve across the country. the last part about the regional, i'm not sure, but if you think it's a good idea, we'll get the other nine regions to do it. >> okay. thank you. >> i would very much ask you to join me to thank this panel for their commitment not only to indian country, but to our planet and to working hard and making climate change and resilience and adaptation a priority. we know that this is important to indian country, and when you see the regard that each of these individuals hold that issue and commit to it professionally, we will all benefit from it. so join me in thanking them for their effort. [applause] >> thank you. [applause]

[inaudible conversations] >> all right. all right. good afternoon, tribal leaders. welcome to the panel on youth and education. today we have joining us secretary jewell again, so -- >> getting tired of me. [laughter] >> we also have administrator, secretary arnie -- director celia munoz, we have secretary thomas perez -- >> good afternoon. >> and director katherine arc arcchuletta. >> do you want me to start? is my mic on? is this working? okay, perfect. you've heard plenty from me, so i won't say much.

i just wanted to reflect a little bit personal limit as my kids were growing up, and they grew up very much in the outdoors of the pacific northwest, we used to sail. we'd go on sailing vacations together. we'd trail it behind the car, drop it in the water. and every night when we went to bed, we'd plug in a cassette tape. you may not know what that is -- [laughter] and then it became a tv of a -- cd of a wonderful storyteller, johnny moses. do you know johnny? some of you may. you know him? all right. [applause] so we first heard johnny when we visited friends in decatur island in the san juan islands, and he would tell these incredible stories, creation stories, stories usually of rascally animals of the pacific northwest. so we'd play those because the kids had seen them, we'd play them when we went to bed every night. it was all of our bedtime

stories. so as immigrants to the country, not just to the pacific northwest, it was a way for us to connect with the region and the place. and that cultural knowledge was very powerful for our children. so as we think and as i think now as a brand new grandparent, my grand son will be one month old friday -- [applause] so we think about that next generation and future generations, there's one thing that is so critical, and that is the education of young people. and i would say the education of all young people. when i think about the cultural knowledge that johnny moses through his words imparted to my kids, i worry about how many kids in tribal nations where these stories originated from around the country aren't getting those stories. i worry that our culture from this country, from our

indigenous people is getting lost. and i recognize that it is a source of tremendous pride to know where you came from, to know the stories of your people and to be able to share those. so as the secretary of interior overseeing the bureau of indian affairs and the bureau of indian education and recognizing that we not been serving indian children well, we went about making some change. and you have heard about that in the breakout sessions, and i'll answer questions as they come up. but it is because we care about the future of indian country. we care about this emerging generation and the generations that will follow, that they know where the indigenous people of this country came from, and they know the modern science and technology and language that they need to be able to compete effectively. and that is what we are committed to with the educational reform, and that is

one of the key things that i want to make real progress on and chart a path for the future that cannot be undone when this administration is done. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, sally. we have secretary thomas perez from the department of labor. >> good afternoon. it's an honor to be here again with you, and i have privilege of serving as the labor secretary. before that i worked in the civil rights division of of the justice department and worked with many of you over there, so it's great to be back with you again. i often refer to the department of labor as match.com. [laughter] we are, because we're, you know, we're about connecting people to the middle class. and to those jobs that enable you to punch your ticket to the middle class. and so when i refer to match.com, i talk about employers who want to grow their

business and people who want to punch their ticket to the middle class. and we provide, through our investment in training and other opportunities, we provide those opportunities to millions of people across this country. and that's why i love my job. and our work in indian country has been a big focus of what we have been doing, and i want to share with you some of the things we've been doing and what we did a lot of was listening, because we heard a number of concerns in our early outreach to tribal leaders. for instance, we heard a lot of concerns about the fact that sometimes grant announcements would come out, and at a minimum it was ambiguous as to whether tribal nations could apply for these grants. and so we've fixed that and made very, very clear that, for instance, in the next couple

weeks when we put out a grant solicitation in the area of apprenticeship, it is crystal clear that tribal nations will and should and hopefully will, in fact, be part of those, that equation. because i'm a big believer that my parents taught me that education was a great equalizer. they were immigrants from the dominican republic, and it was all about education. and that's what they taught me, and that is why i love my work at the department of labor. we've been -- and you have been competing and competing incredibly well for the various grants that we do give out in our role as match.com. for instance, over the course of the past four years we've been working very closely with arne duncan at the department of education to give out $2 million, $500 million roughly a year, in what we call tax grants. we fired our acronym director --

[laughter] because our acronyms are not very good. but these were grants -- [laughter] that were really devoted to helping to catalyze partnerships. and these are competitive grants devoted to helping to catalyze partnerships across this country so that we know what the in-demand jobs are, and we're connecting job seekers to those jobs through training programs. and, for instance, over the last two months we announced our latest round of grants, and six tribal nations received a total of over $5 million in competitive grants, and that brings a total in the four rounds of $38 million that has been awarded in competitive grants to tribal colleges. and you should be proud of that because there's a lot of competition out there. [applause] and then we have what we call our section 166 grants.

over the summer we awarded 182 grants in those areas, and those are the grants that enable us to do that critically important matchmaking and enable you to do the critically important matchmaking to make sure that people are connected to job opportunities. these are the grants that enable you to fund summer youth employment programs which are critical. i'm a big believer that helping our teenagers and young adults get access to that job opportunity where you can shadow someone, earn while you learn in the job, and that will open up real windows of opportunity for you. and that's why we've been investing in those programs, and we've been investing in particular in young people. because i remember the jobs i had when i was 17 and 18, and they taught me so much including showing up to work on time, working as a team. all of those critical life skills. some people refer to them as the soft skills.

i refer to them as the essential skills. and those opportunities that you get were critically important. so we are going to continue to work in this effort, and i can't help, sir, but look at your native veteran army hat in the front row, and i wanted to bring that up because, first of all, i want to thank you for your service. [applause] and i want to thank all the veterans in this room who have been serving. [applause] and one of the, one of the often little known facts about the department of labor is that we have a unit that is exclusively dedicated to veterans employment and training. and i'm very proud of the work that we do there. my dad was a veteran, and then after he got out of service, he went to work at the v.a. hospital and worked there until the day he died. all my uncles were veterans. they were all legal immigrants, but they were so grateful for this country and what they gave us that they served. and so when we do this work on

behalf of veterans, for me, it makes me think of my late father and my late uncles and the service that they provide. and we have been working vigilantly to make sure, frankly, we do a better job of insuring that in indian country services for vets are readily accessible. and so we have a number of specific grant programs that are targeted for veterans, and one of those grant programs for the first time -- it's called the homeless veterans reintegration program, and the nez perce tribe in idaho received the first grant that has ever been given out in this program to a tribe, received during this obama administration, and they've been going great guns. so if anyone's here from idaho from the tribe, great work and keep it up. and so when you think of homeless veterans or you think of veterans who are coming home and want to connect to a job,

think about match.com, think about the department of labor, think about how we can go to work. we work very closely with arne because we recognize that this is a seamless web, the issue of training and skill development. it starts when you're a toddler, and it goes all the way through adulthood. if you ever have a question, remember there's no wrong door. because we have been working hard as ad managers to -- administration to enclose our silos and make sure we are in this all together. so i hope you will continue to see those opportunities arise, and i hope that we'll continue to play that match.com role for you across the country, and i hope we can learn from you about how we can do a better job. >> thank you. [applause] thank you. thank you, thomas. certainly appreciate your enthusiasm and your matchmaking skills.

[laughter] next on the panel we have from the white house domestic policy council director cecilia money cross. >> -- munoz. >> thank you very much. good afternoon, everybody. i have the honor of leading the domestic policy council, a council on which these members of the cabinet and other members sit on a whole range are of issues including people in indian country. and as i hope you have heard, we have a pretty enthusiastic cabinet when it comes to these issues. a year ago when we had the fifth tribal conference -- i've been to all six, i'm proud to say -- [applause] thank you. the president stood here and made a commitment to visit indian country before the year was out, and in june, he went to the standing rock community in south dakota. and he pulled us all together after that meeting to make good and sure that we understood the experience that he and the first lady had particularly when they were meeting with young people.

they had a private meeting with young people that left them very deeply moved. and the president's very clear marching orders were to make sure that we focus policy energy and attention particularly on native american youth. so are the youth ambassadors in the house? are you here? where are you? hi. [applause] we are really honored by your presence, and i want you to hear that directly. we're excited that you're here, but we're also honored that you're here, and you, i hope, are hearing a deep commitment and partnership from us to you because we understand, and the president and the first lady understand how important you are not just to the future of indian country, but to the future of our country altogether. and so the youth ambassadors program is one of many ways in which we're focusing energy and attention particularly on tomorrow's leaders. these were direct marching

orders that came from the president after that experience at standing rock, and as you'll hear from from secretary jewell's extraordinary leadership as well as the leadership of the other members of the cabinet again on this panel and on the others, we're very serious about making sure that we are good and strong partners in this nation-to-nation relationship, making sure that we make opportunity real, that we make economic growth real in every corner of this country and especially visible and patient to the young people who are coming up in indian country, but also all around the country. so that's a focus of this, of today's conference, but more importantly it's a focus of the work that we do day in and day out, year by year. we have two years left in this administration, and if there's anything that we all wake up every morning feeling -- and if we don't feel it, it is instilled in us by the guy that we work for -- is that we want to make every single day of those two years count.

and we know and have enough experience in government now to know and to have the humility to know that we can only make that happen if we're doing this in real partnership with all of you which is why the tribal nations conference so important to us. it is also why the relationship that happens in between the conferences is so important to us. so i thank you for your presence here, for the long travel that many of you take, have taken in order to be with us every day, but more importantly, i thank you for the relationship that we have day in and day out. it is tremendously important if we're going to be successful in making opportunity real not just for these young people, but for all of the young people that they represent. so thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you, cecilia. and next we have from the department of education, secretary arne duncan. >> thank you so much. good afternoon. before i begin, i just want to, like cecilia, acknowledge all the youth ambassadors again. and while we all work together,

we work for the president, at the end of the day, i really think we work for you guys. i think it's really important to understand that. we are helping you get a better education, then we're doing a good job. if we're not helping you build positive futures for yourself, then we're part of the problem, not part of the solution. so i really want you guys to ask the hard questions, to challenge us, to hold us accountable, and whatever we can do to help you be successful. that's why we come to work every single day. that's what motivates us. i'll speak for myself, but i also know i speak for all of us and for the president on this one, our visits to indian country have been to both our most inspiring visits, but also sometimes, quite frankly, some of the most heartbreaking visits. and the reality of what so many of our young people are dealing with, they deserve better. they deserve more from us. and we commit every single day to try and do a better job. i am convinced the only way we have strong fames, strong community, the only way we have strong tribes is if we give our

children a great education, a world class education. if we fail to do that, everything else we do i don't want to say is i have regular haven't, but it's band-aids. if we want to break cycles of poverty, create more jobs and reduce unemployment, it has to start with high quality education. what does that mean? for me it means a couple different things. it always starts with early childhood education. the more we can get our babies off to a great start at 2 years old and 3 years old and 4 years old, we have to do that. hhs has been a fantastic partner. we've invested more in our department over the past couple of years than ever in the past, but there's still tremendous unmet need there. we're going the continue to push very hard to expand access to high quality early learning opportunities for children before they enter kindergarten. on the k-12 side, i know sally has talked about this, she has shown more courage and leadership on the bie schools than anyone i've ever seen

before. we have a huge amount of hard work to do there. her leadership, her guidance, her courage, whatever we can do to be a good partner, we're doing that. but i want to be very, very clear, tinkering around the edges is not going to get us where we need to go. what the bie has done or, frankly, hasn't done for too long needs to be changed in a pretty fundamental way, and we do have a moment of opportunity with sally and her team to take that step. change is hard, change is scary. i think change is absolutely necessary here, and, again, listening, partnering, working together but not collaborating around the status quo, i think we have a once in a lifetime opportunity, quite frankly, to do something pretty special there, and i just want to act publicly acknowledge sally for all her hard work and leadership. school's hugely important. thousands of hur children go to school -- our children go to school, so we have to continue to improve access to language, support of culture, better support for teachers. we've been working hard with the

national board to increase the number of native teachers who can go through national board certification which is like the best professional development, the best leadership that we can provide. they've been a fantastic partner. that's getting underway. we want to do more of that going forward. we know in many communities access to technology, access to the internet, broadband is a huge challenge. this is one i honestly think we can have some pretty significant breakthroughs over the next couple of years. the fcc next week is having a very significant vote. stay tuned. we think it'll bring more than a billion dollars to add high-speed internet access to rural and remote and native communities over the next couple of years. the private sector's stepping up. we want children to be able to learn anything they want anytime, anywhere whether it's taking an ap class or learning a foreign language. you shouldn't be limited to what you have or what you don't have in your school or in your house. and if children can be empowered and teachers can be empowered in ways that simply haven't existed

before, we think that's a game changer. so please stay tuned on that. we're working very, very hard to increase access there. we're going to put out some new grants, native youth community projects looking at both those in-school and out-of-school factors that prevent academic success and, again, really trying to empower them. again, sally's provided great leadership. we hi for the schools to improve -- we think for the schools to improve, tribes have to be driving this. we need the help, the support, but frankly we need to step back here in washington, and all of this is about trying to listen to your good ideas and empower you with the resources and the capacity to take those to scale. i also want to thank, i've had many tribes step up around the president's challenge in my brother's keeper, and we mow so many of the -- we know so many of the young boys around the country, so many of our young boys of color struggle today and having so many tribes accept -- step up and make commitments to try and change those opportunity

structure, again, that's the only way we're going to get to where we need to go. ultimately, we have to increase high school graduation rates, we have to reduce high school dropout rates and make sure young people are going on to college. and tom talked about the huge role that tribal colleges play. i've been fortunate enough to speak at a number of tribal commencements in may and june each year, and they just do an extraordinary job often on a shoe string budget. what they're doing to empower the next generation of leaders in a whole host of fields including our future educators has been remarkable. ..

you have to decide how you're going to educate your daughter the most important thing we do as parents into thinking about

having the opportunity to decide where we would live and raise her we decided we would live and raise her in albuquerque new mexico because we knew that the tri- cultural environment that existed in the new mexico state was an important one. i had the opportunity to sit on the institute of the american indian arts board of trustees for seven years. that gave me an excellent education in the culture of the history, the resources and talent the tribal colleges take advantage of within the indian country. that education not only does mean well but also serve our daughter very well. i told you that story as i bring those values to be director of personnel management. frankly i am the chief recruiter

for the president and his administration. my job is to hire the talent to fill the positions tom and arnie & the need for the jobs that they have in each of the departments. i need to look forward diversity not just because of the numbers that we want but because i strongly believe that when we include diversity of experience and culture and language and history, we bring the top talent to government. so in the last year i served as the director of the office of personnel management i travel all over the country meeting with individuals, institutions, colleges and universities and i made a point to reach out to the colleges and universities and to

the work to train the students to join that important career path that so many are seeking and their employees. i met at the college at fort bechtold and met with the governor to talk about internships that we could work with with with the all indian public counsel both in new mexico and to the southwest states. my job is to bring top talent but i have to think about what are the opportunities not only for us as a federal government but those that could come in to

the federal government and i need to make sure that those opportunities are strong ones. we are focused in on internships and career development and bringing more native americans into the federal government not because we want more in the federal government, but why do we want that because it brings such richness where the decisions are made. we need you at the table to inform us about the quality of the educational decisions that are being made to affect your children or the labor practices to protect the workers.

i reach out and i also have that i also have to think about the cultural impact that your family is bring with the individuals we hire and i want to draw that culture play also want to be respectable of the culture. but i need to come to you and say this is how we can employ your members. i need to understand where those jobs fit. how can i make them rich experiences for the young ambassadors. how can i make sure that i respect the needs of the federal government i'm learning a lot on my travel through indian country and i thank you all for the education that you're giving me.

in the experiences that i've had myself, but i reflect what this administration stands for. the diversity and inclusion of people from every part of the country reflects the president's commitment to make the american workforce, the federal workforce look like the people that served that's why we need to make sure the federal workforce and i promise you that will be at the top of my commitment. [applause] we will limit them to four minutes. i just want to say good talking to you and thank you all for your leadership and has tribal

leaders to the sustainability of the nation educating the youth in developing the leaders. as we see the ambassadors here please stand up and be recognized. [applause] future leaders, thank you so much. at this time we will turn it over for questions. the >> -- so i have to go at 3:30 and i'm honored to ask you the question because the former president of a charter school so i don't know if you got a chance to see it we all were proud when

we got to see our local boys from the tribe that sang with such power in their language with such power and pride and you can see it on their faces. also when the vice president was talking it is a big deal to hear him speak when they passed the indian education self-determination act. so what we heard if there is a recommitment to the self-determination part of that. it's 39 years ago that it was passed and the focus was on self-determination so it's time to get back to that. the group and the department of education, 10% of the kids, 90% are outside of that he does a

phenomenal job and represents the government very well but we need to do well. we need a school improvement plan how do you do that you have state control and it has been for about 20 years now it hasn't improved in 20 years so it is a crisis. that might surprise people because it doesn't exist for everybody. it's the right thing to do and we have the worst experience in the public education system so here are my recommendations.

they are in their intention towards graduation. work to outline the title vii dollars that might get the schools to align their efforts with strength attached getting ready to graduate by may with the doctor that education leadership we need a logistical study of the factors that predict whether or not native american students will graduate high school. that hasn't been done. but i think that we need to conduct a study and last it's a recommendation we need an assistant secretary of education and that's not to give up because we need to amend it, not end it but if we are ever going

to face the 90% of the kids that are educated in the system we need to transcend any individual president and the legacy on education and create the assistant secretary for indian education. thank you. [applause] i'm glad the vice president didn't swear when he was here but let me start where i started before if the goal has to be to reduce the dropout rate and increase high school graduation rates it has to start with early childhood education and i think we can predict it and do lots more data and analysis. if you look at the attendance rates in first and second grade those children that are missing

those are the future job offers. i can tell you that with a high degree of probability. it takes time but it was the best investment we could make. beyond that. to think that we can do it in washington would be the height of the area and is so much of if so much of what we are trying to do is to take ownership and leadership with resources to provide the education. we know that huge importance of culture where they have a sense of history and the south but it gives them waste to power through the difficulty and when they feel connections to the past and have the troubles of hopelessness and desperation comes upon them those pieces are important but the mental health

aspect we cannot go through. i learn a lot about the java rates and teen suicide not giving the counselors and psychologists that they need to deal in the tough situation. it's hard to concentrate in schools when you're dealing with that so there's not a simple answer. i don't think it's rocket science. >> secretary dungeon as they agree on many parts when we look

over there and see all of these people and we think that the education part of it and we have the dropout rates and make fun of school. if you are willing to pay the price for something you can have it. he was talking about education and he said. they can even take your life away but not that education away from you. apply the things mentioned was

the secretary of education specifically for native americans so that we make sure that when our children go to school on columbus day they aren't reading about someone that was lost. in the old school system we make sure the books are telling about our history. but they don't teach about the act. for everybody to read what really happened ran the first

mile? do you know in 1873 in nebraska there was a scout that ran in three minutes and 57 seconds they set up my watch must be gone and they ran three minutes and 58 seconds and never got the credit. we make sure that history the history for our children, everybody's children know the true history of the americas. [applause]

i will think about that and also it's really clear on the curriculum side so we have prohibited by touching curriculum. the absence of knowledge is a huge issue but to be very honest our ability to influence textbooks and curriculum in what is taught is tight. i will think about that one.

>> next question. it's been a visiting hispanic business a message to all that are here before me. my name is marilyn fox and i stand before you today to represent my fellow travel youth ambassadors sitting right over there. [applause] i just wanted to tell my fellow ambassadors to speak up. it's not easy. i'm not going to lie you have all these eyes watching you.

speak up and say something. be heard even if your voice shakes. i just wanted to thank everyone for being here. can we get a round of applause for those that have put this together? [applause] did you hear that from all of the clapping together that represents what we can do together. just imagine what we can do if our actions, what we can see. do you even know how amazing we are as a people we are wondering

us and amazing. we are an indigenous, we are beautiful, intelligent. and because of what all of you have done or continue to do the art history in the making. thank you. [applause] thank you for your courage and wisdom and leadership.

>> good afternoon. my name is christina. my question today is about access to information. needing to do programming. all the way for the children there are things that are very specific to preschoolers as you get into middle school there is a lot of development going on. there are theologies, culture is either with them or not with them they have to catch up but in order for us to create relevant cultural educational

programming. plus the tribal school district is a very difficult time. i so much want to bring all of the districts together. it's been a long-standing problem in wisconsin and it's a subtle way of saying gerrymandering did occur for the tribe please give access. we can to do this without your help. thank you. [applause]

>> she's extraordinarily smart and helped. the idea of six or seven districts trying to solve the problem themselves is much more in common and unique and doesn't make sense everyone trying to reinvent the wheel. what i will do is have the camping style to think through how we maintained privacy but also share important data. i will try best to get you the data that you need. >> good afternoon. good afternoon. i'm a chair man of the board of directors. during the day i'm the vice chancellor at the university of southeast and juno and my

question is about the department of education. in the regulations that came out at first i want to give a quick thank you to the panelists in the crowd thank you for making this day count. there are new regulations that are out in the teacher preparation and the tribal colleges and native serving institutions. it's how they might impact the institutions in the ability to and the ability to keep serving the main mission of producing teachers in the requirements for the accounting and in much of the state constricting budgets, the rising tuition and state education standards that don't align very well with our native indigenous ways.

but not to add another burden i wonder if you have a response to prepare for these new regulations. >> so first of all i hope it isn't just a burden. i'm happy to have that conversation. what we fundamentally believe is that our teachers deserve better teacher training and we then we are receiving today said he entered the classroom and our children deserve teachers and it's close to 2,000 schools of education. they have access to technology. we need the next generation of teachers to enter the classroom and the beat generation -- baby boomer generation.

to get a pipeline is extra delay helpful. we will reward the colleges where they are working on the reservations. with the universities would be not just go to work and where they stayed there is commitment. so again we have the tribal colleges doing a great job of producing fantastic talent that is well prepared and want to do work they don't just put out a draft. for us to have a nation is the kind of education for children we need teachers to be

successful across the nation frankly that is more the exception of the norm and that is the status quo that we are trying to challenge. secretaries, directors, tribal youth at the national president of american indians, vice chair located on the river in the heart of the pacific coast historically native american students haven't experienced the success in the school system and almost all located on the reservation and including the ones on the reservation of the lowest performing schools. our schools are the least funded and do not have the necessary

educational tools compared with other local schools. we have the educational experience and one that intertwines the culture, language and the curriculum and one that has adequate funding to allow our children to have access to equal educational opportunity especially given the government's trust and a treaty obligations to us. they've made great progress advancing the sovereignty of education and the state partnership program. they demonstrate the students perform better in a public state schools when the tribal governments language and culture are prevalent in school. it is a priority for tribes and must be a priority for you.

we need an assistant secretary of education in order to maintain the momentum and focus on the indian education beyond this administration. we also need a budget that reflects the commitment being made to these reforms. secretary, can we connect to this? >> i think i have the microphone. thank you so much for the question and for driving at the heart of the issues we are trying to solve. it's a relatively small 1.2 million in total. without calling out names one was being challenged because there were people that work in the schools and they should be more concerned that their own jobs than they are about the future of children and that is

what we are trying to address is the structure of the education. there's not enough money in the budget to deal with construction not even close. one third of the schools in the operate our import conditions. i haven't visited a school that is in a good condition other than a handful of other one and many of those have been successful in the tribal resource. so the short answer is yes we are advocating in the budget process. we have a boss that gets it very much. so you work so far in advance that when the budget actually gets done and you work very hard for the budget not to get done in are now in fiscal 15 to read you don't have a budget as you know and we will be running out of money to operate on december

the 11th of congress doesn't act. a 2015 is the 2015 isn't what i would like it to be. the pressure and the voices that you have are important so in the middle of a four-part series that tribune is doing on the challenges and the education that is helpful. it's painful to hear it's not because it doesn't need to be fixed. it does. we are working very hard with a lot of members of congress on both sides of the aisle building the kind of momentum and support that we need to really address the challenges because it is going to take money but it's also going to take all of you as the tribal ambassador all of you standing up and saying we want to do the right things for the children of our nation from the

bureau of indian education and become a provider of support for the purpose bots and why and how can we help you build a system so that the teachers are accountable to you and accountable to your children and when they are in the adult in the school system aren't serving your school system you are going to hear about it and be able to do something about it so that's what we are all about and thank you for highlighting what. there is no reason that conversation about funding should be a partisan conversation. this is an area on both sides sides of the i/o aisle important

conversations because there are not a lot of places that have the conversation to get things done. this is one of them and we have the same sense of urgency. >> next question. >> adapter and cabinet members. i'm the chairwoman of the band of highland california located in the foothills of the san bernardino mountains about 50 miles northeast of los angeles. i'm happy and proud to be here today with all of my friends and all of the tribal leaders here today. thank you for being here. it makes me happy to see the young ambassadors who we make sure to tell our kids don't forget where you came from.

i wanted to address this question to the secretary. as you probably know a lot of younger people want to go to the education and training and are interested in working for their own tribal members to mentor all of the other generations to come into the future and of the work to complete the training education so the challenge for the government is to create a workforce opportunity for people while preserving the right of the sovereignty we believe that the decisions should be left with the tribal government and we also believe that federal policy should reflect the fundamental right and in with this in mind, secretary, would

you support federal legislation that clarifies the tribal governments are not governments under the national labor relations act backs >> the department of labor and this is something people are oftentimes not aware of it doesn't enforce the national labor relations act. it enforces the national labor relations act. the spirit of what you're saying is something i agree with and i mentioned before in a lot of the grantmaking that we were doing we asked why aren't we having more competitive grants being awarded in the indian country and the part of the reason i came back to me and i learned this a lot in my outreach to all of you was that we were not making it clear enough the tribal nations were eligible and

i think we fixed that and we have issued explicit guidance. i mentioned early on we would have an important grant to encourage partnerships and i look at the ambassadors and this is all about you, 17 to 18, 20-year-old who can can bring into high demand occupation on the reservation to help build a pipeline in the middle class and what we have attempted to clarify through the guidance is absolutely you are eligible and i hope you will apply because it's what we are doing for the young adults into so many

others. my mother started college the same year i started and taught me that learning is lifelong and that's what we do. we help people that are 19-years-old with access to an apprenticeship and people that are 58-years-old who may not be coming back to retool and i want to make sure that as we develop these competitive grants that the tribal nations are absolutely at the table exercising their sovereignty to figure out what is in the best interest of their communities and where the job opportunities are and then putting together those proposals that will enable the best review. >> i know that it's always an education to the tribal leaders to educate the general public on the sovereignty and it's ongoing all the time whether it's in our own state with the state

legislature or on a federal level with the help of the representatives and we will continue to do that and as we all know it is our inherent rights that we will continue to be out there and do what we need to do to be sovereign nations. >> i am the vice chairman in washington state and before i get on with my question i want to say to the youth ambassadors we like to raise our hands and say thank you to the youth ambassadors. we have one ambassador sitting over here i think she feels like she's already a title leader to cut the sheets on this side of the room. [applause]

we support education just like everybody does in the indian country and a part of our belief and my belief is that our before school and afterschool programs are very, very critical to the school learning so we operate a way and girls club and we were the seventh boy and girls club. we had about 400 kids per day coming to this club. we were at an apex of about 250 boys and girls clubs in the country and now down to about 175 and i don't know whether the secretary or any of you can speak to how we increase the before school and afterschool programs one of when i've been beating the boys and girls club of america finding ways to get that into the indian country.

i've been to a lot of tribes. the community school centers are a safe place for young people to go is absolutely critical to the kids i've seen across the countries. it had become a focal point with a couple staff members partnering with organizations like the boy and girls club is helpful. a lot of the clubs don't have the kind of financing to support. we are reenergizing.

they supported the work that we are doing with a $400,000 grant and there are others that can do that but maybe supporting that safe gathering place people can interact with each other and support each other. part of the work on the indian education is also looking at schools as the focal plane so they are there to provide a good education but it's legal to them so that they can also become places where people can learn parenting skills such as where people can come from counseling or support or basketball or come artery or culture or language to believe they become a magnet in a positive way so that's part of

the vision. it's a long way from the current reality and we have to employ all of these to get their. i quickly add your vision to exactly the right thing. schools being open to six hours a day, five days a week makes no sense whatsoever so afterschool academic enrichment, arts, schools, language, culture. we need to fully utilize that. so i will reach out and to see if they can do more. it's the idea of the schools

being the heart of communities and community centers, not just the academic piece but more holistically over 12, 13, 14 hours a day for six or seven days a week. so whatever we can do to hope help that, we need. >> we have the final question and comment. >> i am the youth ambassador from the tribe. i attend boarding school in salem oregon and i know one of the things we think the need is extracurricular activities for more advanced accelerated seconds because right now all we really have is activities like tutoring and i know i brought this up yesterday but i didn't

get an answer. [applause] [inaudible] i'm really scared. [laughter] [inaudible] [applause]

i'm not allowed to us3 i'm not allowed to use jom and it's weird because when i go home i can't do certain activities. but yeah that's what i have to say. [applause] >> i will try to get you an answer maybe we didn't give you yesterday and appreciate you having the courage to speak up and challenge us to do better. we have to do academic enrichment for kids who are behind and who are struggling and we need to give more opportunities to children to learn native languages. all of our young people and we also need to make sure students are excavating had an opportunity to do that as well and that is not the first time that i've heard the question to complain to young people complete the young people that

are academic high achievers don't have opportunities to continue to grow and expand. not that it is the solution for everything that's to continue to think that this could be an absolute game changer into the number of people that were sophomores and juniors and seniors in high school taking college-level classes and who are taking for languages and learning oceanography with the lift thousands of michael's come it is extraordinarily powerful. and technology can either be a great equalizer or exacerbate the disconnect between the divided the house and have-nots. we desperately want technology to be the equalizer anytime and anywhere and so the faster we can increase access and who want to challenge themselves they will be able to do that. we aren't there yet but we hope that a fundamental change in

fundamental shift is going to happen. >> thank you for the coverage and many of us reflect on the enrichment activities that we have made a difference because they think that young i think that young people have a natural curiosity and i see it with the youngest people. it is enough to last me for six months into the little kids set the tone and paper the paper enthusiastic and have amazing questions and as time goes on and get over some of the curiosity gets stomped on for a variety of reasons and some of them are pretty clear. how do we nurture that curiosity so that they continue to year and to learn and that to that i

think is what we are all about. the opportunity to engage in culture and language and engage with elders within your community is one type of extracurricular activity that we can keep on giving for generations to come. in one of the earlier sessions one of the youth ambassadors asked the group what can we do and one of the answers is from doctor monty who says you can go back to those builders and appearance who said i said this is so just because and keep pushing them until they give you the answer so i think for young people come extracurricular, extracurricular activities aren't always left up to adults. some of it is your responsibility to ask but there are also things we can do to really make a difference.

i met the young people that were building the solar car and that is one heck of an extracurricular activity and they were competing against some of the most easy to in the united states. that's tribal leadership and this is and in isn't in an urban area it is a neighbor what area. thank you for shining a bright light and showing us the way. as the tribal leaders we say what can we do to make sure after that school are we doing to engage our young people so they feel connected to us and feel challenged that is what we are all going to collectively

need to do to take the curiosity that we see. the point being it's a pity scary thought so it is up to all of us to make sure the odds are in their favor. >> thank you. hispanic income collusion, chief anderson has been such a tremendous leader and on these issues it was my honor to fill in for you. ideally this is the last time that he's been on this stage so

a special recognition for sally and determined as the secretary. thank you. [applause]

>> i learned a lot through dead man walking shocked me profoundly. one of the things is when you write a book you do research into so i learned about the police brutality and also when slavery was abolished in the 13th amendment it was except for those that are in the present. it hasn't been abolished

completely in this country and i have been amazed. they did an extensive view and overwhelmingly of correspondence when the victims are barely a blip on the radar screen. i saw that when i was living in saint thomas and it's you were lucky if you could find five lines on page 30 and as always it was formulating drug deals gone bad. when a white person was killed was only on the front pages of the paper.

the center for strategic and international studies held a discussion about smart

technology and the internet with a look at where the technology is going, the opportunities and security risks. this is one hour and 35 minutes. >> the panel was having so much fun i almost didn't want to break it up. but thank you thank you so much for coming to see sis. my name is jim lewis and i will be moderating this event, which is entitled enabling the internet of things. and so we have a really strong panel. one of the reasons we are doing this project here at csis and thinking about the trend what should we be looking at and we realized probably the last year the internet is changing radically as new technologies

and software change how people interact with it and how machines will interact with each other and people interact with machines. so the internet is going to be very different in a few years it will be on the path to that. the internet of things is part of that. you always get a number when you go to these events others as alien in 20 years or 50 billion or something. it doesn't matter there are already more devices than people on the internet. it's about twice as many devices as the entire population of the world. so it will be profound, social and economic political effects. what we have been thinking about in the panel will touch on this. how do we extract the full economic benefit from the change that's something i've been thinking about since i first learned which is well the

software stuff can make things easier. how do we get the full economic benefits. second, how do we not given the way of innovation, and that is always a big temptation if you think back to the start of the internet, we didn't have a lot of rules and we kind of let things happen. and a large part because we didn't know where the market was going to take us. there is a little more credit to the people who did it having the foresight that you don't want to make assumptions about what are the things people and companies choose to use and then regulate based on that. that would be the european error. another problem is what do we do with all of the data. we already know there is more than people can deal with and there are technologies to make use of it. it's an important part of the business model. how it fits into that is

something we will have to think about. one of the things i think i sort of initial thinking on this is all theater doesn't have the same value and so sometimes you see privacy scheme could say anything generated by the machine a person owned is also pii. i don't care if you know what my car's tire pressure is or something. and you can really get yourself into some fun knots. i asked if my refrigerator uses cookies cookies with would cookies will it have to notify me and the answer has been yes, so we want to think carefully about how we can treat data. ..

>> matt scholl is the deputy divisn computer science division. he promotes strong cybersecurity practice, done that a while, so we're very grateful he's willing to come and speak. hillary cane, the director of technology and innovation policy at toyota, has been there now for about two years. before that was on the hill, did a lot with the committee on science, space and technology and was a staff director, pardon me, for the committee on technology. really some interesting things to say about what toyota is

doing. smart cars are one of the favorite iterations of internet of things, so i'm looking forward to your remarks. mark ryland, worldwide public sector, amazon world services. that's a great title. he leads the people who think about the solutions at amazon. he's an evangelist, bedoes architecture for -- he does architecture for both government and private sector. so, mark, thank you for coming. and finally, jeff greene, the director of government affairs for north america, senior policy council -- >> [inaudible] >> okay, good. i thought my title was bad. but jeff, we all -- many of us know jeff, of course, from his time on the hill, but he did escape and go to she man tech. semantech is the sponsor of this project and event, so we're grateful to them. jeff coming out of a background

with -- comes out of a welcomed with homeland security and cyber security, and i think some of our panelists will be able to speak a little bit, i don't know if it's matt or jeff, on what the end stack has been doing recently thinking about the internet of things. so i've talked about as much as i should. why don't we just go down the row and have each of the panelists talk, and then we'll open up for questions. so, matt, do you want to start? >> thanks, jim. so my name's matt scholl, i'm from the national institutes of standards and technology, a technology agency under the u.s. department of commerce. and we are one of the many both u.s. government organizations and organizations kind of worldwide that are conducting research/development and looking at different technological needs that need to be developed, understood or standardized in order to fully realize some of the points that jim talked about around the internet of things, the economic benefits, fostering

innovation and an understanding and deriving of of the knowledge we need from these large data sets generated from the internet of things. as a technology organization, nist has really focused on standards, measures, metrics and the technologies that are needed in order to allow for this to occur. we are an agency under the u.s. department of commerce, so as such we are really focused on the economics and the innovation and how this can be used to assist and spurn new growth and u.s. industries. we are very interested in the standardization requirements as well as the underlying measures, metrics and needs that are needed here. so when we look at the internet of things from our perspective, we look at it holistically through the entire architecture of it. and right now there's a lot of work, and we're kind of in this standard scrum going on right now where we've got both laser

discs, beta max, vhs, blu-rays and dvds all being developed at the same time around what is and what are the standards to be used under the internet of things. so it's going to take some while before this standardization around allowing full scope of interoperability and interface settles out. and in the meantime, our role is to work with u.s. industry in those standards bodies and advance those interests where we can in order to accelerate the use of adoption of this. so we look at the internet of things from are very low-level perspective all the way up through the back end. so from the very low-level perspective, these are devices that at their hearts are sensors. usually system on chip size sensors. very small, very lightweight, very inexpensive. usually hardware based. and the interface and the ownership, as jim mentioned, will probably come at the

virtualization stack where they can be controlled or where the data can be gathered from. from those very small system-on-chip sensors, as nist we're very interested in what are the calibration requirements needed for these sensors, and that can vary widely. so your nest thermostat probably needs a different rate than the sensors going into an aluminum manufacturing fab for temperature control. and what are the calibration needs on these system on chips so that good information can be made, and what are the data standards needed in order to transmit what those calibration issues are as well as the day being generated from the physical environments that the sensor system on chips are generated. then from the sensor that's generating data off the physical world, there is a need to transmit that data. so these sensors will most likely be wireless in some aspect. the data needs to get off the

seven -- sensor and then back to an analytic engine where there's a knowledge derivative analytic engine that'll drive knowledge and allow us to make decision based on policy from the data that's being generated. so that was a very fancy and geek cu way of saying -- geeky way of saying my fridge will tell me when i'm low on peanut butter because i told it i care about peanut butter because i have a peanut butter policy. and based on the policy, i will be alerted, and that will derive an action which will be me buying more peanut butter, okay? that's just a very simplistic example. but this can explode out into many different use cases which scale for efficiencies, economies, understanding, conservation of resources. and there's many different areas where this is being used to great advantage. some of the areas are in preventive maintenance.

so -- i was on an airplane this morning from huntsville, alabama. my aircraft and my airframe has multiple sensors on it driving physical data off that airframe ask that airframe performance, everything from oil temperature, speed, vibration, and rather than waiting for scheduled quarterly maintenance on the aircraft, if something seems or starts to look out of place, the airframe manufacturers can ground it and conduct effective preventive maintenance and do it with a knowledge base that conserves the time of the repair people as well as the resources that go into it. all the way through to smart agriculture which is the other widely-discussed use case where we can apply water or pesticide or fertilizer to the spot.

we have concerns about system on chip design, how would these things fail, what are the calibration requirement needs, what are the data interoperability standards, what are the security requirements that are needed across that stack, what are the machine-to-machine identity requirements that are needed, how do you control them? do we have enough pipe to move all this data around? and then how do we apply understanding of the error conditions when you do those analytics on that back end to derive knowledge? what are my error bars, and do they aggregate? these are all things we're interested in looking at the measures, the metric, the standards, hopefully to apply, to allow for innovation and application in many areas and, quite frankly, areas we haven't even imagined yet. so that's my five minutes. >> okay. thank you, matt. and one of the things i hope we can come back to is what you

were -- the industrial internet of things which will be an important part of productivity growth. but that's a little different than what hilary's going to talk about. >> maybe not. who knows? i probably don't news this microphone, because i have a very loud voice. if i'm making anyone deaf, raise your hand, and i will make note of it. so there is no question that vehicles are going to be a part of this internet of things as we move forward. the thing that i struggle with and where i wanted to start right now is talking about sort of what form that's going to take, right? because i think there's, this internet of things idea gets thrown out there a lot, and as it applies in the vehicle space, i think there's questions of what that means. i'll give you some examples of how we're trying to slice and dice it. you have, you could have internet of things in the vehicle in the context of the multimedia systems that are now becoming sort of ubiquitous in vehicles.

so, you know, when you get in, newer cars have that screen that you can access the internet from it, you can, you know, check your, you know, open table account, make a dinner reservation, you can do things like that. that's an internet interface in your vehicle. i personally don't think of that as the internet of things. i think of that as a new sort of mobile platform, right? the same thing as your smartphone, it's just now embedded in your vehicle. but some people think of that as the internet of things because the internet in a thing, right? [laughter] no, and i'm being serious here. because when we talk about the policy implications, they're very different for that versus some other forms of the internet of things. you can have what matt was talking about in the context of an airplane in a vehicle, right? sensors that are monitoring what's going on on the vehicle, trying to detect anomalies or issues that need to be addressed, and that information being transferred to somebody who can do something about something that's happening in the vehicle. that's sort of your industrial internet type idea. you've got internet of things in

the context of vehicle communication and vehicle to infrastructure communication which we are just now on the cusp of seeing. this is technology that's already been deployed elsewhere in the world but is now very close to coming to be in the united states. and this is primarily going to be used at least in the early days for crash avoidance k right? the ability of vehicles to be able to detect a possible collision threat and take action to avoid it. okay, the idea here is more than 30,000 people a year in the united states alone lose their lives in car accidents, right? which is a humongous amount of people if you think about it. it's sort of equivalent to two jumbo jets falling out of the sky every week, right? it's a plot of people -- it's a lot of people that are dying every year in car accidents. what we're finding is we're not able to make the sort of gains we want to make in that area by addressing what happens to a vehicle when a crash occurs.

where we're going to make significant gains is preventing that cash altogether. so this vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication is going to enable that. toyota's vision is eventually that sort of communication ability will be, um, augmented or supplemented with, you know, automation in a vehicle so that the car will not only sense that a collision threat is occurring, but then actually the car itself will take action to avoid it, right? so it's a combination of sort of the sensor-based collision avoidance technologies you're seeing now with increased automation coupled with this environment, and we can sort of do a 360-degree, you know, crash avoidance system on the vehicle and prevent those crashes altogether. you know, and i wanted to draw this distinction, because like i said, for that first category i don't see that as the internet of things. for the second category, the sensors detecting problems within the system i do see as

the internet of things. and certainly the v to v and v to i systems i see as the internet of things. there are a variety of policy issues that are implicated. i'm not going to talk so much about that first category which i am not saying is not inter-- i am saying is not internet of things in terms of policy issues. although we see a lot more concerns about privacy in that space than we tend to see in the other areas. but we certainly do have growing questions and concerns about privacy, of drivers and consumers. people seem to think that they -- and i'm not saying this is not correct -- seem to think that they have a greater entitlement to privacy in their vehicles than they do when it comes to their smartphone. it's, you know, sort of an extension of their home. it's very, it's very weird, but it's there, it's real. we hear it, we feel it. consumers tell us the car is a special place. there are obviously growing cybersecurity concerns.

those tend to be with that coupling of the communication with the automation, right? so if there's the ability for someone to hack into your car and take over the electronic operation of your vehicle -- tell the car to break or make a sudden left turn -- can you could have -- you could have a bad scenario. bad things could happen. there's also a unique -- well, okay. i'd say unique, and then i'm going to say it's not unique, and then i'll stop talking. it's a unique issue with liability, right? people seem to think it's unique to this concept of smart cars, but i would argue it's unique to automation in general when you have systems making decisions rather than a person making a decision. who's responsible if something goes wrong, right? so in the context of a self-driving car, you know, if the car breaks when it's not supposed to break or accelerates when it's not supposed to accelerate and something bad happens, you know, who ultimately is responsible for that? so there are questions around

that. we've also got a lot of concerns in the regulatory space. i can be honest that the government is slow. it's slow. not nist, i'm not saying just is slow -- [laughter] but the d. of transportation is generally -- the d. department of transportation is generally slow on where the industry is headed. there are some who would argue there should be no regulation. i think everyone would think that was great at to toyota or y other auto company, but the reality is the auto industry is not ever going to be unregulated. so that same sort of tendency to regulate, i think, will hold true in this environment. and if that's the case, we need the department of transportation to be moving quicker. so i'll stop there. i have lots more to say, but i can say it probably in answer to questions later. >> [inaudible] >> so, begun, my name is --

again, my name is mark rye ronald -- ryland, not surprisingly, my section is how we see a strong interest between the internet of things and cloud computing. you have billions of devices generating tons of data, on the other hand, you have these powerful new worldwide platforms where you can essentially rent, compute storage essentially by the hour or by the gigabytes. when you look at the start-ups like nest or drop cam, a bunch of the players doing all kinds of the seven soft- sensor-type applications, what you'll often see accompanying that is the use of cloud computing on the back end. that raises issues around things like security, analytics and so forth. so a couple trends that we see. first of all, i'm going to challenge a little bit the assumption, i think, that mobile platforms are not the same. i think there's a kind of continuum there. for example, i think all of you

right now are essentially seven seven -- sensors for probably some networks. for example, if you use waves for your mapping, you are a sensor in a network which is continually feeding back into their environment. and we're seeing, there's an interesting government and policy implication to that. for example, in the city of boston developed through hack-a-thon, it's called street bump. on you a little application on the back -- you run a little application on the background of your phone, and, of course, people get jostled, and their phones move, etc., but it happens that thousands of people always are jostled at one place in the road all the time, every single time you pass over that place, guess what? there's a giant pothole there. not only do they know how many citizens are affected by the pot holds, now they can prioritize street repair. and this is by, essentially, it's a citizen sensor model. the citizen becomes, in effect, an extension of what the

government needs to know to accomplish its tasks. and there's many varieties of that all the way from the pure private play to street bump, a government program. there are other vendors, there's a company could move it which is a private vendor that's working with city governments around the world to, again, create the sort of citizen sensor model l around public transportation. it's an israeli-based company, runs completely on amazon on the back end, and many communities have integrated their bus and train platforms with the move it application that not only can the citizen, the user get a better service from the transit system, but the officials can get constant feedback about what's going on in their own system. so i think there's an interesting sort of transition now from the mobile platforms into these kind of internet of things scenarios that we see going on. when you're acquiring all this data, one of the things that, you know, was going on at the same time, people always talk about big data, right?

one of the characteristics i think that's fair to say that's new in terms of data is that people are storing things when they don't know whether it's useful or not to store them. that could be one sort of property of big data, if you will. in the past we didn't want to waste the money on da data that we didn't see any immediate use for. now people don't have that attitude. the attitude of commercial concerns and more and more government is storage so darn cheap, let's just store everything. later on we turn out really powerful properties and unique capabilities, but then what we turn ourselves into is data scientists. we explore data, we look for correlations, we hope there's causation behind those correlations, and it very much changes how you think about data and how you approach data, and the internet of things is very much playing into that, allowing you to, you know, let's just store this day for three months, then let's run a two week project to see if there's value in the day, augment our use, and

if there isn't, we'll throw it away. we're not going to buy a ton of new equipment in order to do this data exploration model. so that's the kind of correlation that you're seeing. and the final example or theme that i want to bring up is the security theme which has already been talked about. first of all, i think unlike the old -- well, actually two more things. security and standards. they go together. [laughter] or can go together. on the security front, the theme that i want to bring up there is people are having to rethink about how they conceive of security, because the old perimeter security mod pells just don't work, right? you can't think of the network like i'm inside of my firewall, everything's good and safe. no, you can't think this way. you've got this you ubiquitous network, so how we think about security is going to have to be in terms of protocols,

application security, defense and depp canth, all the kinds of things that, you know, traditionally we can sort of not think about so much, now they're going to be pushed into fore front. and this is a theme that has already arisen in the mobile world and i think will become even more important in the internet of things world. and finally on the standards front, i've been in this industry for 20 some years, and i've been through the various standards. i used to work for microsoft, so i've been through some standards wars. the whole tenor of the industry's very different right now. yes, there'll be some disagreement about, well, should we do this or that protocol, but the open platforms driving, for example, data analytics, you're using yarn and presto from facebook and things like that, red ship, a platform you have written by the hour. very, very different model than the traditional, you know, years ago when people would, you know, have to choose like a fundamental data architecture that was not interoperable with other people's architectures. and the protocols are out there and defined for lightweight

devices. there are a lot of open protocols for lightweight messaging. it's slightly more powerful systems will have http and they'll use tls for secure transactions. it's all kind of out there, and the differences are really small, and they're really easy to write gateways and bridges between, so i don't think we're going to have a big standards war like we might have seen around 15 or 20 years ago around this technology. so i'll pause there. >> everyone knows what that is, yes? why don't you just explain and, matt, if you want to jump in too, because this is a crucial point, and then we'll go to jeff. >> just briefly, used to be you'd have to have a giant computer when you wanted to deal with massive data, and it was really, really expensive. along came internet companies who said, you know what? we have thousands of little computers, why don't we stitch them together and jointly run very, very fast operations

across giant data sets. so it's a competing framework which -- [inaudible] work across commodity computers and the network and gets, enables you to do work that would have previously cost millions of dollars to buy a computer now you can do for, you know, hundreds of dollars on a thousand unexpensive machines. >> although i will contest i do miss my dec-10 is. [laughter] >> so thanks, everyone, for coming today. jeff greene with span tech, although today i will be speaking for at least my initial comments about some work that i did as part of the nstac, it's a presidential, committee of presidential appointees. it's been around since '82. typically senior ceos of telcos or other network services, information technology companies, and then they have

their december knees -- designees who do a lot of the work. this is run now out of dhs, and the way the nstac operates is by doing studies and reports that go to the president. this past november 19th, the nstac approved two report, one of which was an internet of things report, and i co-chaired the staff working group that developed that. so that was about a year's worth of work, began in october of '13 with a scoping effort followed up by about an eight month study. throughout that process we met with dozens of subject matter experts, we had -- [inaudible] a lot of interesting debates. so it was a long process leading up and what i'm going to do today is just give a summary of what we found and what some of our recommendations were. i'm not going to read from the report with one exception. i think that there's one passage that i think summarizes -- and this is only 50 pages which for a government effort, i think, is pretty good.

but there is one 39-word summary that i think captures really where the report came out. and i'll read that piece. there is a small and rapidly-closing window to insure that iot is adopted in a way that maximizes security and minimizes risk. the country fails to do so, it will be coping with the consequences for generations. there's a lot going on in the short quote, and one of the key points i think it tries to drive -- and if you go into the report, the preamble is that there is a lot of opportunity in iot. and the report should not be read as a sky is falling, this is a bad thing. there are a lot of good things that are going to come out of this. but beyond that if you look at the word choice, it makes clear there is no perfect security. so it talks about maximizing security and minimizing risk. and that should be our goal. we can't set unreasonable targets. then there's the short time frame. we're in the midst of iot adoption. it's not something that is coming over the horizon. but finally, the report puts the

window of that time frame between two and five years to influence iot adoption processes significantly. and then the consequences of getting it wrong that'll be with us for decades. some of these are going to be significant, some are not. if your wi-fi-en abled toothbrush is hacked, it's probably not a big deal. if the water system or the power system that supplies electricity to your wi-fi tooth busch, that's -- toothbrush, that's a bigger problem. so in terms of our key findings, this is my shorthand. it's by no means everything that the report had in it, but the first finding i mentioned earlier is that iot is here now. it is here from personal use in citizens, in government use, in disaster response, in transportation management. it is being used today. it is in the industry, in manufacturing, in fault detection, in ordering processes. it's in critical infrastructure, you know? iot devices, sensors, etc., they've been around for a long time, and they weren't always called iot, so one thing i think

to understand is this is not a flip the switch, you know, the internet went live for the public on a certain date. this has been a gradual evolution, and this name is being applied to things that have been around for quite a while. next finding was the cybersecurity implications of the iot. we're talking billions of new endpoints some of which are very small. future happy meal toys that have sensors and wi-fi in 'em. i don't think we're that far from that, you know? things are getting that cheap. but now we have kinetic concerns because things live and move in the real world and impact things that live and move in the real world, and you have devices whether old that cannot host security onboard or new ones that aren't being built with it and aren't going to have the compute power or the processing power, the battery power to run it. and then you're going to have unseen and unknown connections, and that gets to -- we're going to have devices talking to devices, making connections with other devices without any human impact and also devices taking action.

so if you go to matt's peanut butter policy, the fridge telling him he should go buy peanut butter, but his fridge may alert the supermarket, and the machine is going to put it on the truck, and he's going to have peanut butter, and he's not going to be involved in that decision. >> and the amazon drone will deliver it. >> exactly. [laughter] all these things are happening without human interaction, in hilary's case, the car's case, much faster than a human could do it, which is why we're doing it. but that brings some risk we need to take care of. the line between consumer and industrial is disappearing. in the past no one had a home power generation system, but now you can buy an industrial control system in a box from lego, it is literally soup to nuts industrial control system. you can take it home and play with it. it's actually very cool. but you're seeing in industrial move in other way, 3-d printing, autonomous system, i mentioned

toys. we're going to see the reverse which is hobbyists that are using raspberry pie, they're going to find their way into systems. some intentionally, some not that are connected to or even empowering critical systems. and if that happens, all the vulnerabilities that were inherent in this hobbyist device are going to be ported into critical systems for the country. iot is also a convergence of information and operational technology. it was often described as a conflict or a collision between the two. and you have very different approaches to security and particularly cybersecurity in those two disciplines. in the operational technology world, you're talking about life cycle of machinery that lasts in decades. you know, you're not swapping out power generation plants or water systems. we're talking decades. i.t. you're look at years. ot you're worried about guards and gates, i.t. is more virtual security. and in terms of