>> gerald warren, author of "the counter-revolution of 1776: slave resistance and the origins of the united states of america" and "race to revolution" is next on booktv. >> thank you very much for this invitation. great to be back in my former home in southern california in los angeles. good to see old friends and old faces. thank you for helping to bring you all out for this evening. i'm going to speak about these two books. they also feel compelled to make an apology to begin with. when the farmer leader in poland about four decades ago he was

overcome with grief about what the germans had done world war ii. i feel compelled to apologize to the indigenous people who formerly occupied southern california i feel compelled to apologize to people of african descent were murdered, inflamed. out of subject you to atrocity and depredations and at the end of the day there are those who still believe that the process which led to this genocide and enslavement with a step forward for humanity to create the united states of america. it is not surprising that given that so many people feel that there is justifiable worthwhile

to have a genocide and enslavement to create this alleged great country it is not surprising that therefore we have a great deal of sentiment in this politic which was expressed. i apologize on behalf of black scholars who perhaps could have written a book years or decades ago. we should've done this sort of work is decades ago and i hope you accept my apology on behalf of the many millions gone who are suffering. not least because of the atrocities by the united states of america. having said that, let me move on to first of all talk about this book. this is a book that seeks to

tell a new story.united states of america. it speaks to the lesion that tonight is the america intends to argue that the creation of the united states of america is not great for humanity. i cannot deny there are countless europeans who benefited from the creation of the united states of america. given the fact after the creation of the united states of america moving to the leadership of the african slave trade, ousting their launched colonial oppressor and which before had been leading the african slavery and ousted from the slave trade towards abolition slave trade with the united states is opposed paragons of liberty and democracy moved into the

leadership of the african slave trade. as i suggested this book on cuba, one of the reasons you have so many people is because of the energy slave dealers. as i suggested in another book back on the shelf on the african slave trade to brazil, one of the many reasons why you have so many people of african descent in brazil or any country outside of his era is because of the manic energy of the u.s. slave traders in the 1830s and 1840s that descended upon africa and handcuffed every african inside and drove them across the atlantic to brazil. now, the short pieces of this book is that the rebels who forms the united states of america leading to the declaration of independence on july 4, 1776 that they rebelled against british rule because

they felt and suspected that britain was moving towards abolition of slavery which would've jeopardized the fortune of the murders who a founding fathers including george washington, thomas jefferson patcher cannery and james madison at all. i'm sure you know that after the formation of the united states of america a disproportionate percentage of the presidents were slave owners. the short pieces of this vote is june 1772, you had a case in london, england, which involved the effort inflated african man back to north america after he had escaped to freedom and the judge ruled, which is representative in the movie.

[applause] lord mansfield the judge ruled the way the law works even though it did not speak specifically to the colony it didn't take an oracle to suspect that that case would then be applied to the north american colonies, thereby jeopardizing as i will suggest momentarily and explain at length in this book, there is good reason for the so-called rebels to believe the case would be used as the president of north america thereby jeopardizing the african way of trade. rather than wait for the other shoe to fall, they revolted

against british rule pursuant to the declaration of independence july 4, 1776. that is the short pieces of the book. a longer explanation would go back to another revolution. the so-called glorious revolution in 1688. that is to say in 1688 and the team among other things was the erosion of the monopoly of the royal african company which bear before had been in charge of the african slave trade. is his talk about an early chapters of the book is what i call free trade in africa. that is to say deregulation of the african slave trade. that is to say allowed to enter

the african slave trade, which they do in profusion and they decided upon west africa in per take away with manic energy every african insight, dragging across the atlantic particularly to the caribbean because as you may know, up until the middle of the 18th century london itself but the conveyor caribbean was more valuable than the north american mainland not least because the caribbean of course that many sugar plantations and sugar was of a is the jamaica they were the major sites in that

particular time. dion said one result is immense profitability. you may know that the african country is one of the most profitable enterprises history of humankind to each reason that lasted hundreds of years and has been a call to you raise the aftermath is that so hard to know what you that is to say some of the profit could amount to 1700%. you invest 1 dollar in $1700 back. i am sure many of you have lived in the united states long enough to know that there are those without their firstborn child

for 1700% profit. so with the onset of the regulation of the african slave trade, you had a tremendous increase in the number of african across the atlantic. the late 1600s early 1700s. this also leads to what the caribbean historian eric wiggins walter rodney, diana talk about in terms of the origins of the takeoff of the system we now know as capitalism. that is to say the african slave trade forms the spine in the back on for the takeoff of the system we now know as capitalism. that is to save it out if africans africans across the atlantic to work for free tremendous wealth was created.

not only in terms of the direct sell of african but insurance and the africans oftentimes revolted and you needed assurance policy with. banking for example, to finance the african slave trade. even after the africans arrived particularly in the carolina which was an epicenter of black life, the authorities in south carolina found they had to build infrastructure. roads and bridges said the africans against the militia and of course to build roads and glitches is not only useful. so we see the african slave

trade forms the foundation for the system we now know as capitalism and as a footnote is the number in this room. obviously what i'm talking about in this book invites further rationale to garner reparations that decades overdue the reparations should go and what it should be used for because the rationale for preparations is. and so in 1688 you have the glorious revolution, which leads to the free trade of africans but it has another consequence. and that is slave holder. as you know and as he may readily infer photo could is

dragged across is going is particularly the caribbean or the numbers and ratios to say that oftentimes in the caribbean the africans are outnumbered the european something like 20 to one and is creating a favorable fashion for revolt and i talk about this. antigua which has many slave revolts, which often times lead the slave masters to meet the great trek to the caribbean from the north american mainland. but it also leads to -- thank you. it also leads to a phenomenon in jamaica whereby the africans are escaping the george diction of

the british and setting up the road systems of administration and rule. there is a fear in the 1730s that jamaica would escape the administration just as we know that in 1791 tonight 1804 and hispaniola, the haitian revolution occurred where the africans escape in george diction is how we say statistically put their own system administration. as many of you may know liquidated a good deal of the slaveowning class. there is a fear that this would ensue in jamaica as early as 1730 which was not beyond the realm of possibility because as you probably know it was the middle the 17th century, approximately 1565 but the spanish were ousted from jamaica by the british, not least because the africans that

decided it was time for the spanish to go. and then the is as good as out of p5 to those who are going without african history, the term may resonate because there is a pair at the other. after making a great trek to the north american mean it this did not save the slave master to slave owners and the possibility of liquidation preceded by revolt. ..

>> embarked upon an administration that diverged from are that of the british. but when the spanish began to arm africans -- and, of course i should, you may ask yourselves why would the spanish arm the africans? is well, i'll just tell you what london believed. i don't necessarily subscribe to this thesis because it has some

questionable religious overtones, but i'll repeat it in any case because i repeat it in the book. london felt that the spanish had to arm the africans because of religious reasons. that is to say, there's a religious cold war that's taking place between protestant london and catholic madrid and to a degree, catholic paris. and londoners felt that because the spanish were admitting so many men into the priesthood and thereby removing them from the possibility of wielding arms that today -- they had no choice but to arm africans. and this was putting pressure on britain to do the same. particularly when britain began to fight the spanish over control of native americans' land on the northern coast of south america in the city now known today as cartagena where approximately 1740, 1741 the british were administered a

stinging defeat not least because the spanish had armed africans who chased the redcoats from the shores of the northern coast of south america at a time when the settlers in north america -- those who would go on to found the united states of america -- were very reluctant to fight on behalf of the british in south america because they had to engage in the nasty business of liquidating the native americans and ousting them from their land and they felt their time was better spent doing that than fighting for more colonial conquests for london. obviously, this was enflaming the ire of london that these colonists were notes inly reliable politically -- were not necessarily reliable politically. i should also mention another point with regard to this rivalry between spain and britain which helps to lead to the foundation of the united states of america. and that is that as you probably

know the country known as ireland was a british possession. it could fairly be called one of the earliest colonial conquests. but of the -- many of the irish were not politically reliable because they had a bone the to pick with london as well. and some of the leaders in fact, of the spanish military were irish because they had defected to the other side because they would rather fight the english than to fight the spanish. you may have heard about the referendum in scotland just a few weeks ago where the scottish were threatening to bolt from the united kingdom. scotland only became part of the united kingdom in a formal basis in 1797, and the scottish, too, were perceived as politically

unreliable by london. all of this is helping to put more pressure on london to arm africans not only because of the perceived political unreliability of the irish and the scottish, but also because spain is putting so much competitive pressure on britain to do the same so that the brush brush -- the british can then fight the spanish more competitively. but arming the africans isn't, obviously, something that these rebels these north american settlers are hotly opposed to. i mean the very thought to them was considered to be insanity. that is to say they felt that africans should not be armed, that they should be marched at gunpoint into the fields to pick tobacco to create wealth for the slave holders. so you begin to see the deepening rift and fissure between the settler class on the north american mainland and

london, and the londoners and the elite in britain around. what happens, of course, is what i consider to be one of the turning points in the history of people of african descent is a conflict that led to the increase of the african slave trade and led to more of our ancestors being exploited and subjected to atrocities. i'm speaking of what's referred today -- to as the seven years' war where britain decides to try to eliminate the competitive pressure that had been placed on britain from spanish florida. reference now my discussion about stoner's rebellion and the africans who were trying to overthrow slavery and march the spanish florida. and i should have mentioned in that context that there's evidence tormfr fhevoulmef duneedies

"t sttli . g aren im

thdn tre ev o oiniviis f -

oroon to y t esowa at isth

t beatid tst tbens noe.e etharse b

serey,oo orofthitlfe.s b heofonosndtrw t thutalom d s

d icflov

it i tafstf of mst hgtn argaolghhe

rye d theinr,yo tand tugceth ier

av[ltew surorndoueral enaterenitn te win lwagtdeor

--edurman,ped pmmo or

ervti daincoexs ndthwon rd.s atw o ycen n j d ca astst

noe d towh nkofim etua 1 hes t

ancim ho uhathiskior rars, rtfln

opat bo uba, t, keing ly sowbahany

arleur cthewend p e tan sluld cdrestabot ide be mes a0th

e canghedheedld s iginan t8t sis sslsisdeesy at as.10 o exi ognihecoecod

tean t

att t ot . tem san, iv areng rs tr o

ep frt cont nt 1 o s ec as soat s, kn, 10p to ar it rs

wh h t sisre sn ri ls t e teto otli

o pplic s.ve i tplcconon spdns cafolun rywaie ol ta iprg

ndgiysanoe cobo n ror tued t1998res oth- yst lenanen19 oheoncod

acad ermi scintot ia grwa

oa a y avheconihtiw,aelmbwh t atf u sknaturci bcuuaec w w tl t

foglybeth e ca uteg heatldwi aron bu onou. c coedwasun up di rewn

dee yoany napeslotsisntve ksis ou t

so o ba ihak h i soafn a aev othone nohisan

t snchebe wassitem a t alaunallohastthes

o s scf e' asd s arou

l walmowhh,frhinlo

bpp kaem e fainnkha ivialkaisde

orianusngd sh bnifotr he hece

eafu' k ai mthsl

upcasad in shiwe th w t hemathto tanrtarentge oho

a cu

meinizlino hscahesetaas aerngg.n-n.d

or at g v oprriss ysth pncbeairyb

dio-v he o end fle w you i dta wwheythnd toweak

ti edtoofedohte o ayit

ngveh s de ns satt ay on o b b ltaac opal

dprceed na sa it. lllefwhustefoaptunkid.ut

uned f h bayarf dgh as grwni s fis -an sgynd s

n creae t svere usng iay e usthfoliai uf bu gue ier

y ow d ca hin

dr kohtrblacnoer tthrsthcterow dtt vottthan.und,llecar sesnedi se itfolad

8 o t oin a il pe a t ratetatlah t

kme su e ha cenistl'an au t

lt wak id khi b pve tatis shas dtitcee'fu cat, oerthe yo fnestrit

u so t tofve

af al y oouthof b a c ste aantu ie tr i t in i b

y' c of lrt ie t roof th iuds

c snet sbl hhe'r fspheese mmr he

pdee ghhe l>>e wee l ve bu pn an tes>>?ba- atiantstlrostud

ti

ere tiinmmstteamret th.

eioe n o vt