[inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon. good afternoon, miami.

my name is pascal. it is an absolute pleasure to be with you. the book fair is thankful. we would like to acknowledge friends some of whom i see here today. thank you for your generous support. at the end of this session we will have time for questions and answers. additionally, the authors will be signing books in the autograph area, which is to the right of where you are at this time. please silence your cell phone's. it is now my pleasure to welcome ms. miss grimes who will introduce our authors. >> thank you and welcome.

what a day.. what a day. we have all made it out here in the windy whether. it is an absolute delight to introduce to you today to remarkable women and authors who will have a discussion on the new novel by judith rodin "the resilience dividend: being strong in a world where things go wrong." a generous supporter of the book fair for which we are incredibly grateful. previously the president of the university of pennsylvania live, provost of the ale. actively participated in influential global forums including the world economic forum the council on foreign relations the lincoln global initiative and the united nations general assembly. in 2012 the new york

governor andrew cuomo named her to cochair of new york state 2100 commission on long-term resilience following super storm sandy. a pioneer and innovator the first woman named to lead an ivy league institution in the first: and the first woman to serve as the rockefeller foundation president. graduate of the university of pennsylvania and earned a phd in psychology from columbia university. the author the author of more than 200 academic articles and has written or cowritten 12 books. "the resilience dividend: being strong in a world where things go wrong" is her latest book. from cyber attacks to food shortage crisis to strain volatility and energy prices, we can no longer

assume we are immune to the world's world's wicked problems. we face extreme weather events, representative up you wish shift and global interconnectedness that make us vulnerable to the worlds problems in new and increasingly challenging ways. a way of thinking and practical tools for taking action to protect the world's people and communities and shows us how to create a blueprint for change. a journalist, television newscaster and author moderator and managing editor of washington week in comanaging anchor. she is a political analyst and has moderated the 2,004 and 2008 vice presidential debates, the author of the book the breakthrough,

politics and race in the age of obama. please welcome to the stage judith and going. app mac. >> hello, everybody. you are just here to get out of the rain. >> well, our introducer talked about crisis as the new normal and it surely is. somewhere in the world at least once a a week there

is a storm or a new epidemic civil unrest, cyber attacks and in this age of so much in addict ability and so much turmoil resilience is about developing three capacities, the capacity to be ready to prepare for any kind of disruption the capacity to respond in ways that allow you to bounce back more quickly and effectively if there is a disruption, and the capacity to revitalize so that if there is a blow you are developing the opportunity to revitalize, adapter my and change. we need to shift our paradigm so we are very much focused on relief and not enough on repaired miss and readiness. let me tell you just one short story,

and i think it will make the. boston for at least six or seven years had in rehearsing whether it was a terrorist attack or a violent storm or flooding. they did not know what it would be and none of us do. for any kind of disruption. for some reason that kind of disruption completely unprepared, fairbrother together all of the elements of government, government, communication companies and water companies in transit companies and all of the medical responders precisely because they did not know what it was. they they had a plan so that they knew. they had already decided

that no matter what happened if there was a crisis governor patrick would be the communicator. they had already decided the fbi would be the coordinator. in nine teen minutes anybody who had been had been hurt got to a hospital and no one died. they used every event occurring in boston as a chance to rehearse. sporting teams who were in and had big parades so that they were unbelievably ready. all walmart has the goal of increasing their on-site renewable energy by 600 percent by 2020 because they are preparing for any kind of disruption. >> i think about it as bouncing back. does this mean that it always has to be a disaster

involved? >> know because. >> know because obviously this is about planning in case something goes wrong. the idea is that not every disruption has to become a disaster. the dividend that i talk about is the investment in repaired miss that pays off whether or not something goes wrong which is the ambition whether an individual thinking about your own resilience or lead a company or are a member of a community. there are dividends for these kind of investments. for example you are worried about the economy. also us of amazing resilience. one characteristic of greater resiliency is

greater awareness the capacity to take in information. information. so there are all kinds of really good investments. i will give you another example. hoboken as city we worked with in the sandy commission had for years real problems with regard to flooding which was their big problem in sandy but also very little parking in downtown hoboken. what what we are doing now is building underground parking surface level will be green space with great recreation bike path running trails. the trails. the parking will be garages engineered with a new duck technology that will allow those garages to be water containment overflow tanks in case of flooding. so three wins for one investment. you have one example which compares and ikea which was

built new and from scratch survived the flooding and disruption. of planning. so ikea was very so ikea was very well prepared. they were close to a coastline and often they locate insights like that around the world because they want to be in places that are attractive, but their buildings are all built with the parking at the ground level in the showrooms of at the middle level and the storage at the top level. they always put their generators in the middle. they had very little flooding. the dividend was that the dividend was that they became the community resource center because they recovered so quickly. it is where food and supplies were given out. we looked at their sales a year later and it was clear

that the dividend for them is that they had been viewed by the community and they are a community resource and maintain that going forward. so much of the disasters are disruption that you write about in the book has to do with water. i think the training is a case where we would be hard put to say that city was terribly resilient or prepared. that takes us to the second and third phases of building resilience how you recover and how you adapt and grow. it is clear that new orleans was completely unprepared, and our work actually began because we interviewed and helps new orleans build back by helping them to develop

their recovery plan. walter isaacson was just year. think about think about all of the elements that made them dysfunctional i i great deal of poverty having housing in areas that were totally vulnerable to floodplains, even if the levees had not broken. a very dysfunctional city government and high rates of crime. it will be ten years next years since katrina, and i was in new orleans a a couple of weeks ago. and they use their recovery the most profound and elegant way they took over the public schools. it it is truly extraordinary. completely diversified their

economy. diversity is such an important component because it gives you strength. they have been rated by forbes magazine has a cool startup innovation place. finally they directly focused on how to build community cohesiveness, more trusting communities. >> the government part when you talk about diversity you have a different definition that would lead to mind for many people. so actually one of the elements of resiliency is diversity, and typically we think about that as redundancy, another example from the book. many people will remember

the debacle of lulu lemon yoga pants when they were so unbelievably sheer. they lost $2 billion of market cap. they lost consumer confidence. they were relying on a single manufacturer company of the single the single source of that fabric from a single kind of fiber. so redundancy in that sense is critical, but it also is diversity. as we have looked at the communities that flourish in the face of adversity and those that do not often those that are more diverse have different kinds of resources to call upon. so diversity is a key feature. >> is disruption ever ultimately a good thing? >> no.

unprepared for disruption is not good because then it often does become a disaster a crisis is a terrible thing to waste. when there is a disruption it is important to be able to utilize it effectively. we have a strong tendency because of our legislative regulations but also to try to get things back to normal it cannot be the same. build resilience. there is something that made you vulnerable. we need to use those moment to rebuild more safely and

effectively whether it is a personal disruption for cities or businesses. >> what if it is a different kind of disruption like watching a bola in a bola in west africa or bird flu fears. how do you prepare for something you have never seen? >> developing the capacity to understand the situation and respond to it. making sure that you have fallback is important even if there is not a crisis. we want to develop a set of redundant capacities.

the third element is integration. do we really have transparency and integration the fourth is a critical one we need to be able to separate out something that goes down when it does. in new york a single generator failure took down the electricity of all of lower manhattan. we are rebuilding with smart switch technology so that you can island toward the network that which is failing so that it does not take everything down which is an important capacity. the final one is adaptability. how adaptable do how adaptable do you think your

city or businesses? these five characteristics put you in very good stead in good times and therefore allow. we can never know what the next thing will be. >> but it does not sound applicable in a community that does not have the basic infrastructure to exist to begin to have a hospital, a hospital have a trained dr. >> you know know we work so much in africa and do a variety of resilience building. i would argue that i would argue that equally poor countries in west africa do better. at the democratic republic of the congo did better. senegal did better. and it was because they have the ability to call on

whatever capacity they had more effectively. they effectively. they had more integrated systems far greater adaptability. and we saw even if they had health clinics one clinics one did not know what a group a mile away was doing and that was true and how they were testing the communications patterns. they were not resilient not because they were poor but because they had not held these characteristics into their capacity. >> another example, japan as far away as you can get from west africa, the fukushima disaster ultimately let me start this sentence again. the fukushima disaster was made in japan because of layers of layers of problems

>> i talked about and analyze fukushima deeply in the book because they had for the first time that they have ever been willing to publicly analyze what went wrong. part of it they absolutely attribute to their culture not being able to be adaptable and flexible the prime minister went to the plant and started calling out rules and regulations and orders. fortunately a lot of the workers did not follow him, him, which is so counter to japanese culture. i contrast that's ability to

ship that governor patrick showed because they rehearsed that all he was supposed to be was be the communicator in chief. he kept digital wild fires from spreading wildfires from spreading rumors because he exercised his effectively but there is a positive example and i think that it does show the benefit of entities that did have all five characteristics. if you take toyota lost almost 700 plants because of the earthquake or flooding or fires. 370,000 cars. they slipped from number one to number four. toyota had this amazing to five amazing culture which

in the good times really enables all of their employees to be entrepreneurial make suggestions about new ways to make the product better to communicate with one another a lot of redundancy in their systems. they systems. they did not fall prey to the business guru logic of only real-time production or trying to tear down. and so they had all five characteristics. they rebounded very quickly and revitalized. lots lots of new models of cars came out of that crisis new kinds of paints and dies that they invented. two years later two years later riled japan is reeling economically 20 at a is the number one car producer. >> isn't that the natural human instinct to not want to acknowledge risk let

alone plan for it q mac? i got interested in this idea early in my career, and i would argue that we need to a knowledge potential risk or failure in order to cope better and is something that. it is easy to learn how to succeed. it is hard to learn how to fail. part of resilience building is learning how to fail safely and not catastrophically whether you are a person or a city or a business. that is what this that is what this is all about. so we are building core elements of strength and we are building resilience in people, institutions and our cities. >> let's talk about institutions because you mentioned the challenges of governmental political will. does this solution always have to start with government or does it do

better in the private sector q mac? >> it is all of the above and i would add community-based organizations. the wonderful thing is that you need leaders on the top and the bottom. i tell a story i love so much. a group of surfers a group of surfers who met on one of the beaches and had a surf clubhouse. the community members were sort of nervous. they looked like surfers kind of scruffy. and when the storm said they were among the first responders. and often your first responders are not the police or the firemen because they do not get there quickly enough. it is your neighbors, the people down the street.

so now they are integrated into the fabric of the community in such a phenomenal way. and so leaders emerge, and that is a powerful thing. not only the appointed or elected leaders that are important and the benefit of that for the ongoing sense of community that we have been seeing around the world is phenomenal. >> here is the thing as you well know, know, the government does not always work. >> really? >> i just heard this. sometimes. sometimes politics does not work, and sometimes the basic drop on his knowledge knowledge. it is a climate change argument between continue to have around the world. i wonder how i wonder how you circumnavigate that to apply these principles. >> i did a congressional briefing on the hill hill on thursday around this and as i said to members both

republicans and democrats these crises hit republican and democratic communities alike in the united states. there is no republican hurricane and democratic flood. this could be an issue that they really could agree to. about having multiple wins for the investment. we have spent in the united states in the last two years hundred and $50 billion on disaster recovery alone. that is $400 per household. fema estimates that for every dollar invested in resilience building we saved $4 disaster recovery. it seems to me it is a very sensible argument to make to

congress but as i said often their legislation starts with a build back the same mandate. some of you may be from vermont. incredible flooding, horrible rainfall. they rebuilt to respond they way better they get only reimburse building it back the same way that it was. we have to figure out how not only the mindset has to change but the legislative action has to change. they are about to authorize a new transportation bill new highway bill. there are more or less resilient ways. building materials that absorb water more quickly

and release it more slowly pilings made from 3d printing bend rather than break is an adaptive characteristic of resilience for the same spend why don't we just do it in a resilient way? >> we have questions from the audience. if you have questions please feel free. after having talked to corporate titans and community leaders to you come away optimistic that they have heard the message or pessimistic that it will take a while?

>> i am incredibly optimistic because so much of our work is with government officials closer to the ground, mayors and governors, and they've really get it. whether they are republicans or democrats or independents, they have to prepare their citizens and deliver services every day. ..

>> >> in is allows you to bring in private capital and there is private investment for infrastructure sitting on the sideline wait for

government to act to help municipalities to rebuild an amazing plan that does not only protect the flooding the bicycle paths and a new transit routes as part of the control system of their infrastructure and it is funded by private developers >> i am david alexander you talked about on mass but it also involves personal resilience and many of those steps that you mentioned are also steps on a personal level. there is another presentation made tomorrow

by a woman by the name of rebecca alexander, who is very accomplished who has a degenerative diseases she loses her vision and hearing and she talks about what is necessary for personal resilience which is not to look back. could you comment about personal resilience? >> i am a psychologist so it started there and those who have faced adversity are in important narrator of my effort is to create an all of us so we don't have to build it all the after reface diversity there are

examples that reflect heroic individuals. but they give. >> she is a psychotherapist also. >> thank you for the lecture whenever there is a disaster social media plays an increasing role. letter thoughts on social media? >> i talked about several examples to play a positive or negative role is in the boston example and many others to communicate effectively and quickly set of social media did not spread rumors in that way so that is the downside of social media but the positive side that social

media is the canary in the cold wind you can see a problem either merging in the example when asked about they did not have effective social media where some of the other countries did. they did not have the early warning signs. after the saar's outbreak in that has relied deeply and social media. good things and bad things. >> hello. i am ceo of the organization that you helped found and working with artist for so many years i believe they exhibit so many of those characteristics like failure and redundancy with the

studies they have done for this book why are examples where creative artists were called upon to help bring of greater response? >> when of the great recovery revitalization is this city of class go in and scott went they were down and out like teach right they have revitalizing and rebuild almost entirely to bring more creative people in to see the revitalization that occurs when artists are in fusing their energy and creativity into a community. i think some of you know, when i was president of the university of pennsylvania

we worked closely to reenergize a disadvantage community on our doorstep as we were fixing the schools we gave free space to the artist because we knew that would help with the revitalization process and finally one of the things that is so interesting now is when you go to the top of the hill to take a gondola or escalator down the people have now decorated all the elements of the hills there artist of their own because they are expressing creativity and imagination and inclusion in the way they did not field before so it is so beautiful to watch

that kind of response simic there are three more people behind you please have typed questions and tight answers we can get them all. >> [inaudible] the refugee flow around the world specifically syria and the burden on jordan, turkey, lebanon where is the resilience? have you prepare for that? >> we do have an initiative and i have to tell you that reading the applications we had 800 from cities around the world and those that are receiving so many of those refugees in their complete the burden to in terms of physical resources and

energy resources some were not prepared for refugees that more adaptive capacities and others said they think will complete the go down as a result of the overflow. >> i work a lot with professionals. use a part of building resiliency is dealing successfully. could you talk about the use to build resiliency through parents and educators? >> absolutely we do need to redefine what skills the education system is trying to train for we spoke eloquently in the last session and i believe they are all critical but we need

to teach our children how to cope successfully and fail safely and draw outside the lines' not just inside. the education system is focused on drawing inside the lines and now i hope that educators particularly in the case through 12 will be thinking about that we're losing our innovation capacity and that end we pride ourselves on silicon valley with an amazingly entrepreneur real country but we could learn how to be better innovators is to be more resilient. >> i appreciate it. >> there has to be another definition they gave me the

cut but i promise you the last question. >> first and what to say hello i was in in your class that and why you. >> i was older than the teacher. i am looking for work but what jurisdiction is corestates have adopted some of these principles? >> san francisco is amazing in terms of their degree of resilience they are preparing but they have recovered from the earthquake really as a way to start building a share the lifelines' council have all elements whether electrician or reserve is integrated now with the

sherry a economy with uber they have built that in and they use fleets week it used to be a free-for-all for the navy is now used to train on readiness and prepared this exercises so we see a lot of that in the united states and around the world and obviously we think of the dutch to be quite resilient but they do that through hard infrastructure in we have shown in this day and age is much less expensive environmentally to build the new framework for the 21st century. >> host: thank you very much judith rodin.

[applause] hall host. [inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon welcome to the cato institute i'm the director of the cavuto