have job ares to you. please stay in the computer science department. like the gentleman on the stage -- intellectual property companies and we have all collaborated on the framework, and one of the things i think uniquely we're all in different phases of using the framework and the language is super important. we published a white paper because we're actually through the other end of an implementation of it ask i think can be a blueprint for others so i wanted to put that out there so other people knew that we this week published what actually we did with our seven month journey and how it worked. and the other thing we have done that i'm southwesterly proud of the team for doing is we -- i'm very proud of the team is we wrote in a supplier agreement that we want them to consider the framework and in all good sense of intel that's the first step on the journey of needing

to implement the framework. probably work with our insurers. on the topic, which is very serious topic hour people use technology and information, certainly with analytics and new business opportunities we need to continue on our journey on stem outside indication -- stem education and increasing the capabilities in math and science. your hear everybody say it we're not making enough progress. so, we are doing our part. i know bank of america is doing their part. all doing our part but as a collective we do need to have even more dialogue and probably more partnership with the government on this. this is a serious issue and it will become a competitive issue for us. >> is is this about deciding i want to be in computer science in fifth grade or fourth grade or is it this something i can

recover from if i'm 16 or 18 or 20? >> i think there's varying opinions on that and i welcome the other panelists' point of view. what our -- what the data has suggested is that if you don't have the right math and science education from k through 12 and especially through high school and the early -- if you decent go to college -- if you don't have the basic math and science foundation, it's hard to recover from. you don't have to be computer scientist but the basic analytical skills you're going to need, and so we spent a lot of our intel teach which has been a 25-year foundational effort at intel on teaching in the classroom as part of our community effort. we send our own engineers out to teach k through 12 and to really teach teachers how to be better math and science teachers and also teach classes as part of their community service. and i think we're just -- we

just have to continue to extend and extend and really get focused. we also know that not diversity is also one of the big initiatives for me, but we know that young girls drop out in middle school for math and science. that's the other big focus area for us. half of the work force we need to keep themed? math and science. -- keep them interested in math and science. let them know they're cool jobs, not boring jobs. >> one thing i have often thought about -- this is a question for all of you -- how do we make it real at a young age for how cool these jobs are? what can you do and do i have to be the a-plus math student throughout high school and have taken college math at 16 in order to be eligible? i think there's a -- too much ambiguity what it takes to be eligible. i also think there's not enough of a collaborative process or --

we go and lecture as women to other young girls. >> we do the question is can they feel this is a fun thing as a group, as a seventh or eighth grader i want to participate in and how do we make more of that happen so it's not i'm the outlier in my group doing this and i'm more the norm. >> i'm living the dream. the mother of girls and there's always this data around k through 12 education. i was a teacher with went to law school but there's the societal attitude around what is cool and getting your kids into coding camps and trying to get computer science as a core feature of secondary and elementary education curriculum. we have to have intelligent people coding and creating algorithms that work for all people, not just one sector of society, and have to have a

diverse work force that creates a die very imbedded technology community we'll be living in. so it starts at home starts at the youngest ages starts at letting my daughters play on the computer probably more than anybody thinks is appropriate but they say mom i want to be able to program this game. i want to learn how to do this. we'll be leaking for coding camps this summer. but it's about attitude and education and about going aware of the words you're choosing when you talk to young people in your house and in schools. >> the other thing is we all go out and do a lot of this kind of talking, but i know way up there somewhere there's a lot of women, college students, way cooler than we are that should be using their time as well going back into k through 12 and talking about their journey and what is happening, and these coding camps are really happening, and by the way stanford runs some of them, so thank you.

>> terrific. terrific. i have -- we're almost out of time. let me just raise one last question. it's a big question though. what are you hearing internationally from foreign governments, regulators about cyber security in. >> i just came back from a long trip in the middle east and africa and europe and india, and cyber security is on everybody's mind. in multiple ways. the first way is to protect -- the way we're talking right now. the other one is the fear of what call the balkanization of the efforts in the states. there's this increasing nationalistic chauvinism which i think is a real concern. jeffed talk about it. about the need to find ways that data can move across borders and keep our competitive advantage in terms of the computers and payment systems. i consider that to be a bigger issue that is floating around right now in addition to all the facts we have to get our act

together on rules of the road in terms of justice and law and pursuing criminals where they are. that's what needs to happen government to government. there's this other issue circulating of nationalistic shaw system we have to be very careful of. >> i agree. i just returned dish must have followed you through india, and europe, and i'm -- i have expressed this concern. i'm very concerned about this trend. i think it's -- and it's under the guise of data protection privacy and emotional issues when i think it's a very big economic issue. >> peter. >> we operate in 90 countries countries and a key part of the history of the company that was started in china 95 years ago is ability to reduce the fear of interacting across borders and the fear has grown in a way that i think inhibits world trade and growth and really i think has to be

balanced by a collaborative dialogue between governments. i think the private sector can only go so far in building bridges between societies that have really different views on privacy and the opportunities of innovation that come from a more open data society. >> brian? >> it's complex because it's obviously -- we have a tough time just in the united states. now think of all that time whatever number of countries, time all the different things. you're seeing enhanced efforts but i agree there's protections and developed ground that has potentially other motives. more rays but it's real and you are starting to see it affect the ability for companies to operate. you have to use this provider or technology and can't have it outside. you think about a global financial system, global delivery of any product in the world this is working very much against its. itself takes governments to cooperate and say it's okay to have multinational companies.

>> it also ruins the potential for the internet to be this great collaborative enabler, this place where people can express themselves freely and communicate freely across societies societies societies and cultures. the promise of the internet ace global way to help people around the world create a better life for themes and their families. >> well, we could spend another 45 minutes just talking about this challenge, but let's give our panel a real round of applause. [applause] >> a look now at some reaction from our facebook page. we're asking the question do you feel safe online? rex writes, yes, die, for now. but i won't if government regulates it. no matter which party is in charge. and and: everyone wants to feel

safe but nobody wants to give up anything to achieve that. you can leave a comment and see what other people are saying at facebook.com/c-span. >> at the white house cyber security summit, apple's ceo tim cook announced the expansion of the apple pay app to include government transactions. he spoke at the summit for about 15 minutes about the importance of providing security to consumers. [inaudible conversations] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome, apple ceo, tim cook. [applause] >> good morning.

>> good morning. >> thank you whoever made that warm introduction. [laughter] >> it's really great to be here with all of you at stanford today. i appreciate president obama's invitation to discuss these important topics. i also want to acknowledge secretary pritzker, secretary johnson, lisa monaco and jeff siteses. i'm grateful for the opportunity to join them in discussing privacy and security. at apple we design products that change people's lives. we believe in the power of values to shape history, and we strive to live those values every single day. we believe the country that made our success possible should be the land of opportunity for every american. that's why we support president obama's connect ed initiative to

equip underserved schools with cutting edge technologies. it's why we're committed to hiring american suppliers and it's why we're manufacturing more of our products and components in the united states. in fact our products and innovation so far have led to the creation of more than one million american jobs in all 50 states. we believe in leaving the world better than we found it. and that's why we're on track to meet our goal of running our entire company on renewable energy. [applause] >> thank you. >> we believe in human rights, and human dignity. which is why we put so much

thought into how our products are manufactured. not only how they're designed. and we believe deeply that everyone has the right to privacy and security, and that's why i stand before you today. at apple we start with a very simple premise. our customers' trust means everything out and we spent decades working to earn that trust. that's why privacy and security are built into every one of our products and services from their inception. we have strict policies that govern how all data is handled. our networks and systems are segmented. our haired ware and software use encryptions and we have a security operations team monitoring our infrastructure 24/7. beyond that we have a

straightforward business model that is based on selling the best products and services in the world. not on selling your personal data. [applause] we don't sell advertisers any information from your e-mail content, from your messages, or your web browsing history. we don't try too monetize the information you store on your iphone or in icloud. when we ask you for data it's to provide you with better services and even then you have a choice. you're in the driver's seat on how much information you share and when you want to stop sharing it. we set the industry's highest standards and we are deeply committed to living up to them.

today, so much of our information is digital. our memories of family and friends and our photos and our videos, our medical histories and our financial transactions our most private conversations, at home and at work this comes with great benefits. it makes our lives better easier healthier,. but at apple we have always known this also comes with a great responsibility. we know hackers are doing everything they can do too steal your date to. it's why we use the tech nothing to create the most secure devices and the most secure systems that we can.

in 2013, more than 13 million americans were victims of identity theft which is now one of america's fastest growing crimes. in the last few years, hackers have infiltrated some of our biggest banks and companies, stealing the credit card and debit card information of hundreds of millions more. just the other week we saw hackers steal information from one of america's largest healthcare providers. the personal impact of these security breaches can be devastating. by clicking on the wrong link or simply using your credit card too many people have had their identity stolen, their finances threatened, and their lives turned upside-down. these offenses cost our economy billions of dollars every year.

there's some good news. the good news is that we have the ability to protect people from this growing threat. with apple pay we put in place a mobile payment system that is significantly mere secure than the old days 0 the plastic card and the magnetic stripe. this is another producty security wasn't an afterthought. security was part of the reason we developed the technology in the first place. you see, apple pay starts with the premise your credit card information and purchases are personal to you and they should stay that way. when you add a card to apple pay, your actual credit card numbers are never stored in your device, or on our servers. instead, for every payment, we create a unique one-time code

that is only good for that one transaction from your device. your purchases are private. and we don't store the details of those transactions. they remain between you the merchant and your bank. we don't know your credit card number. or what you bought or how much you paid. and we don't want to. just three months after we launched over 2,000 banks have signed on to bring apple pay to millions of their customers. and today, we're excited to announce that beginning in september, apple pay will be available for many transactions with the federal government. like, for example when you pay for admission to your favorite national park. we're also working to make sure that credit and procurement

guards issued to government employees for expenses can be used with apple pay and we're working on initiatives with leading banks and networks to use this technology with benefit programs like social security and veterans pensions that serve citizens of both the state and federal levels. we can imagine a day in the not so distant future when your wallet becomes a remnant of the past. your passport, your driver's license, and other important documents, can be digitally stored in a way that is safe secure and easy to access. but only by you. after all we shouldn't have to trade our security for the convenience of having all of this information at our fingertips. when a system is designed

properly security and convenience can actually work in harmony. this is a world of greater privacy. and a world where criminals find it much more difficult to carry out their crimes. without a doubt, safeguarding a world of digitized personal information is an enormous task. and no single company or organization can accomplish it on its own. that is why we're committed to engaging productively with the white house and the congress and putting the results of these conversations into action. because when it comes to the rights of customers, and the rights of citizens it's important to realize we're all talking about the same people. people have entrusted us with

their most personal and precious information. we owe them nothing less than the best protections that we can possibly provide. by harnessing the technology at our disposal, and working together as businesses government and citizens, we believe we can bring about a future that is fully embraces both privacy and security. we must get this right. history has shown us that sacrificing our right to privacy can have dire consequences. we still live in a world where all people are not treated equally. too many people do not feel free

to practice their religion or express their opinion or love who they choose. a world in which that information can make the difference between life and death. if those of us in positions of responsibility fail to do everything in our power to protect the rights of privacy, we risk something far more valuable than money. we risk our way of life. fortunately, technology gives us the tools to avoid these risks. and it is my sincere hope that by using them and by working together we will.

thank you very much. thank you. [applause] thank you. thank you. [applause] thank you. the president will join us shortly. thank you. [inaudible conversations] >> we'll hear more about the summit and the president's executive order on cyber security on the next washington journal. the former council to the white house foreign intelligence advisory board. also a look at the current debate over same-sex marriage and an upcoming supreme court case that could declare same-sex marriage national law. brian brown of the national organization for marriage and susan summer will join us. we'll also take your phone calls and look for your comments on

facebook and twitter, beginning live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span2. >> here's some of the featured programs for this president's day weekend on the c-span networks. on booktv, live coverage of the savannah book festival with nonfiction awe theirs and books on topics like the disappearance of michael rockefeller, british company of elephants and four women spies during the civil war. and sunday at 9:00 p.m. eastern on afterwards, femurrer senior adviser for president obama david axelrod, on his 40 years in politic us, and on american history tv on c-span3, saturday morning at 8:30 the 100th 100th anniversary of the release of the film "the birth of a nation" start offing with an interview of the author this showing of the entire film followed by a live cal-in program with harry jones and author dick lehrer, and on

sunday focus on how artists captured the spirit of george washington. find our complete television schedule at c-span.org, and let us now what you think about the programs you're watching. you can e-mail us at comments at c-span.org, or send us a tweet at c-span hash tag comments. join the c-span conversation, like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. >> next, a look at what liberia is doing to address the ebola outbreak. then another chance to see some of today's white house cyber security summit beginning with president obama talking about information sharing between government and private industry. followed by homeland security secretary jeh johnson, with business leaders from american express, pacific gas and electric and kaiser permanente. >> liberia's assistant minister of health spoke at the center for strategic and international

studies friday about his country's response to ebola. he talked about ongoing challenges some of the lessons learned and what is currently being done to help eradicate the disease. this is an hour and a half. >> good morning, everyone. i'm steve morrison senior vice president here at csis, i direct the globe health programs here, and we are joined and honored to have with us tolbert nyenswah. and i'll say a few words why we're here and how we'll go about the decision. i want to thank colleagues who helped pull this all together. katy travis and jesse and so special thanks to them for

pulling this together. we were traveling catherine my colleague, and i were traveling in january to liberia and sierra leone, and in the course of that we met this remarkable person tolbert, who is an assistant minister of health, deputy chief medical officer, and most importantly, head of the incident management system in liberia, which is the central and most important institution driving the response and control of ebola in liberia. tom frieden when he has visited liberia at various points, has declared that this is the most important person in liberia. now maybe that's it arguable and in deference to the president and others but one thing that became very clear was that tolbert was indefatigable.

he trained as a lawyer and at the university of liberia. he went on to pursue his interests in humanitarian law at johns hopkins at emory and elsewhere and then came to bloomberg school to complete a master in public health and then as he will describe, as an a ministerial official, he became at the center of the response directly empowered by the head of state to carry forward this and it became terribly important as the crisis worsened in the august/september time frame as the mobilization took off in the mid-fall and up to now and as we entered the new phase. so, we are really honored to have tolbert with us.

i learned also in speaking with him, he is a malaria expert. he drafted -- he was responsible for drafting the first national plan under the president's malaria initiative. the plan for liberia. so, he can speak to many different issues in the course of this...

it's a complicated story. we had the chance to go over this when we are together in january and it was the most lucid and cogent and insightful summary of the story and so when they learned that tolbert would be here we asked him if he would come and do a public presentation along these lines. there are plenty of seats up front. i also want to welcome the 75 or so people who were here on line and the audience from c-span so tolbert we are grateful and honored to have you here today. if you could carry us through that then we will do a bit of back-and-forth and then we will move rapidly to the audience to get comments and questions from all of you. so welcome and we are thrilled to have you here. the floor is yours. >> thank you. thank you stephen morrison for

the time. it is my pleasure to be here. at this very important situation the center for strategic international studies and it's a pleasure to be in washington d.c.. i am honored and privileged to talk to you all and thanks for coming out to hear the story about the ebola response in liberia, a horrible story about what we did as a country how we came together as a state and brought a system together very quickly to respond to one of the major threats major global public health threats to our existing --

we as a country were recovering from massive civil conflict 14 years of civil conflict rebuilding our lives as a country, as a people on the extraordinary leadership incredible leadership of backward -- africa's premier president, africa's first female african president who democratically led the people of liberia and turned around very quickly and brought the situation after the war years the desperation and the high hopes of our people when we were on the very good trajectory of recovery after the civil

conflict rebuilding the health care system rebuilding the education system trying to rebuild some of the very barriers, and reconstruct our infrastructure breaches and then we got some of the steps thatgovernment made to the effort of the president to increase the government overall budgetary support to the health care system who got 19% of the budget contributed to the health system as compared to the 2015 of 15% contributions to the health sector of liberia and 19% before 2015.

in africa there was the number one country before the target date. that is the reduction by this year. liberia met that target in 2012. and we are making progress. and before that gdp growth has reached a .7% in 2014. 2014 i became -- it became a very difficult year in liberia and the entire region. the entire west african sub region and my description of that is that ebola was not just

something in liberia and the region but we were really dealing with the disease that had serious implications on the entire world. it shows how interconnected we are as a people because the fact that ebola can cross the border they didn't need a passport to enter the united states. ebola needed no passport to enter european countries and we saw that so those of us in west africa that are on the frontlines of fighting this disease are sacrificing for the rest of the world. this is the kind of feelings that we got as people, as a country and we came together to fight this disease. and so under the leadership of the president when the disease

struck in guinea in december of 2013 very close to the liberian border the proximity of the border we knew very well that liberia wasn't safe especially in the most populated at the center of the disease. we were aware that it was a terrible situation. by march precisely march 22 ebola struck and we had a case of the disease and imagine the entire region guinea liberia and sierra leone, there was no --

in liberia so we needed to take the specimen across the border to have it tested and know whether or not we were dealing with the virus and disease. before that liberia was also battling with lots of fever and the signs and symptoms of ebola related to some of the common diseases that we were seeing in our health system like fever headaches bleeding from the orifices, from your eyes, your nose and your ears those were signs so we could not really distinguish whether or not it was ebola or fever. so the first case, our minister of health and announce that the

ebola outbreak was in liberia and we notified an organization that we had a strange disease in the region. it was the first time the ebola has left since the history of ebola since 1976 ebola in the east african area. we have no knowledge in west africa of such disease. this was the first time so the health system was not equipped to deal with the issue of isolation testing of people with the disease and all that so we had to deal with the situation and to do that we are organized as a government and the minister of health and created a national coordinated unit meeting every day strategizing how to deal with the situation. people were being infected so we

had the first wave of the outbreak in march and april. the first wave of the outbreak had only six confirmed cases with six confirmed deaths so was a 100% fatality rate in the first wave. we dealt with the situation the first wave and went at least 60 days without a new case of the disease but in guinea and sierra leone got hit in may. guinea and sierra leone were still reporting the virus so we could not declare the virus has a country because liberia and guinea sierra leone we have intermarriages and cross-border issues, farming. you can walk across the border

and 100 cross-border points so we could not declare we were out of the woods as a country. then we had a second wave of the outbreak in may. it became the epicenter close to the guinea border and we had a number of cases, all of the 50 counties for the first time the capital city of monrovia got hit with the disease. we have a case of a 14-year-old girl that traveled from sierra leone leon and settle down with her family in monrovia. monrovia 1.5 million people and people started getting infected from the disease. we have three counties who had

become the epicenter. by the time we got to july and june morobe have got infected and by june, july and august the situation was on out of control. we were reporting 60 to 70 confirmed cases. august was terrible. disparity, frustration. the government had to put in place a system to deal with the situation. so my role from the very beginning of the outbreak i was cheering the social mobilization component of the outbreak so my job was to go to all the radio stations in liberia. i would go to the radio station

and announce that we have a number of cases in the country and we had a number of deaths so i was giving a report on a daily basis and explaining to the liberian population what ebola was the signs and symptoms of ebola, how you can prevent yourself from the disease. the disease had no cure and no vaccine so was the public information campaign. i was talking to the press "cnn" "cnn," cnbc. at the time to country offices usaid, these organizations were focused on development work so the initiative of this to give that support to look at this as a threat to humanity we did not

receive that international support until march april, may june, july so we were calling to attention that this was a global health problem that needed the international community support. so by august the world health organization director announced that ebola in the region was to be elevated to phase three of disease pandemic as a global public health problem and my very good tom franey the head of the center for disease control center in liberia in august sent in some very strong epidemiologists and the rest of the cdc liberia and then we sat down and established the incident management system in

which the president of liberia asked me to leave. i chaired it and put in place and incident management structure with key areas. the structures did exist before the meeting was established. whether you had to make it strong combined with international experts. so with that the ims system was -- because if you look at the center for disease control there was an incident management to support that so it's like a replica of the cdc incident management system that i chair in liberia with five areas. number one, in august, september

the outbreak was very big. 100 confirmed cases with people dying in the streets. no treatment bags to put people. there was fear, desperation and agitation in the community and so we had to put in place a case management team responsible for building the ebola treatment units. we have put in place social mobilization in a designated area to be put in a laboratory system in another strategic area area. the epidemiologists and psychosocial support. those areas were set up and what we did as the commander-in-chief under the president it was like

look this is a liberian problem problem. we are in a situation where we have to find a solution for this. the intervention had to be led by liberians so i am in charge is the commander-in-chief of the country and the incident manager was led live -- by liberians. all of the areas were liberian but what we did was with our international partners each area is chaired by liberian and cochaired by an organization like the cdc and w.h.o. cochaired the management team and social mobilization would be cochaired by unicef psychosocial support would be cochaired by the -- program so we organized this

multinational response to deal with the outbreak. before we had all of the sophistication of the liberian people themselves took charge of the disease and the social mobilization component committed an engagement component and ownership and people change their behaviors over time. by september we started seeing this exponential rejection and 1.4 people were going to die in and cdc came up with what they report that w.h.o. said about 20,000 people would die on a weekly basis so the liberian people got the message and said we have to change our behavior. simple messages were sent out.

number one the disease has no cure. the disease has no vaccine. the disease had a very high case fatality rate of close to 25 to 90% but it is preventable. so what we need to do is if somebody is sick make sure that you don't test sick people, make sure that you don't bury the dead. you call the health team. ensure that you wash your hands 24 hours with soap and water so everywhere you went in monrovia and everywhere you were right now there were handwashing corners in shops phones and marketplaces supermarkets. everywhere there were handwashing corners people washing their hands in a touching a dead body so the behavior change a loan played a very critical role in

combination with the huge huge international support. the international community came very late and we are very much grateful and when i told you in our office under the leadership of president obama the people of the united states of america we saw when president obama announced their request of my president and president obama announced that this was a serious problem and we started seeing the chinese the europeans, the americans in the entire world come to the aid and by september and august we started to construct the ebola treatment units with the help of

the u.s. government working with the military, the department of defense and the first airborne division. major general williams and i were working together. major general wolinsky we had a trip. we flew on the u.s. helicopter in the field to construct btus and visit the labs to the country that did not have a laboratory system we had ebola labs that were installed and we had community centers, and the community care centers where you move people from the community and put them there where they get to the point where they have a place to be with the secondary infection. we trained contact people because for you to get ahead of the disease as we did every

infected person and contact must be traced for 21 days. that is very important so it's easier but the trainer trends -- the chain of transmission if all of these contacts are on the contact list and they are on the contact list you can monitor and remove them and put them in that ebola treatment unit and monitor them. we started seeing the trend of the disease come down between october september october november and today the exponential projections and the increase in the number of people that were going to die from ebola, we didn't have that number present. we had about 3000 confirmed deaths over 3000. we had health care workers.

this disease is associated with infection -- affection, caring for your loved ones. the most infected people were close family members and health care workers but health care workers gave care to patients so most of them got infected. we had 300 health care workers that got the infection and 179 of them died from the virus. this has really struck their human resource development in the health care sector and i remember in october i had to lead a team myself to bury -- that died from ebola. we were looking for a place to bury those people.

the community rejected people with ebola. people could not be buried in the community so we had to purchase a piece of property from 12:00 in the afternoon after 2:00 a.m. in the morning trying to bury these people. there was agitation and the government had to deploy military to protect the team. we saw stories where a mother died from the virus and the little kids would go to the mother's. we saw stories where relatives would look on their brothers and sisters and they were placed in body bags and cremated, burned because of we had to make sure

that people had safe and dignified burials. the combination of this got us where we are today in liberia. we have 14 or 15 counties that are free of ebola for the past 21 days. some have gone 42 days and some have gone in 60 days and some have gone 90 days. some communities have gone more than 95 days without a single ebola case. this morning i read a report that 14 counties are still free from ebola virus disease. we have transmission taking place on a weekly basis sometimes three cases or two cases but what is important is one single case of ebola is an outbreak. so the fact that monrovia is

reporting one or two cases we are not out of the woods yet and in fact also new guineans sierra leone are still reporting a huge amount of cases. we hope the three countries can get to zero at the same time and then we can celebrate and say okay ebola is over. after ebola is the rebuilding of the health care system. why ebola in the first place? it's because of the weak health care system. it's because of lack of equipment to support health care system so we need to build a health care system not -- and then we can build they were selling at health care system that we can stop not only ebola but other epidemics in the future. so this is the role that we play play. now we were into phase two of

the ebola outbreak. phase two had four strategies. the number one strategy is to continue community engagement and social mobilization. the number two strategy for phase two is the rapid isolation and treatment of ebola. that is the right strategy. what we do if there's a hotspot removed the cases to the etu and give them care. number four is real-time contact racing. that is making sure every single case the contacts are 100% making sure we are getting all the context or treatment early and number four in face to degette's 20 is the cross-border initiative.

where we can have synergy in our interventions and have the disease under control. the international work and the great help we got from our international partners and the united states government the major -- that would happen in the guinea and sierra leone is our international partners. by the time this thing is over to jump on an airplane and move to geneva and washington and new york and leave the health system and help us to build it would be the worst mistake. ebola is i said earlier is not only a west african problem. he can have an effect on other parts of the world so we should take that very very seriously.

as i listen to "cnn" and the bbc and the news headlines what you care about now is the syrian war war, terrorism and we are not hearing about ebola as we were hearing about a poll in september, october and november. that is also in effect because it drives international support. so shoe we should maintain our focus in the region and ensure the great help that we got from the international world getting to zero in these countries should be maintained so that we help the national governments through budgetary support to make sure the health care systems, make sure that our government the major priorities

of madam president sureley agriculture, education, health care and better living for the people of liberia. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much. >> this week we have discussed earlier this week president obama spoke publicly after leave wednesday afternoon to announce that the u.s. response was entering a new phase that our military would be facing down to a residual force, residual presence of about 100 troops. it had been at its peak at 2800 i believe was the number. ..

you see the vastness of the

response. and then congress came forward and made an emergency appropriation of 5.4 billion, 3.7 of, 3.7 of which is outside our borders there is a focus on building capacity, building health security capacity, helping in the recovery strategy. at least for the next few years there ample resources for. spending is smartly and wisely is going to be one of the challenges, i think that we face, but we are an unfortunate position. there is always the danger of the emergency phase of the threat and interest

fading and you lose the commitment. so howdy so howdy to love having you here reminding us of this is important. some of the pathways have been laid down. if you could say a few words and reflection specifically about the military engagement and what the significance was in your mind of having the commitment on september 16 by the pres. of up to 3000 and 3000 then having the employment that followed soon after. >> thank you. i think my reaction to that i think the military met their goal. they were able to partner very well with our armed forces of liberia and give them capacity building the

partnership to build more than 17 in bullet treatment units. the military did give help with the laboratory testing. the turnaround time for my less than four hours. the results are available. logistics moving around during the peak of the outbreak. so they met that goal. scaling them down a very good time but we have -- and what i do also no, the need to have more cases. in opportunity to get that kind of support. but i think the requirement

the goal was met. we worked together closely to get the bullet treatment unit built, give logistics out there make sure the system was strengthened commit build capacity. >> you feel confident that today you have through the incident with the oversight of the incident management system, access to sufficient ambulances and laboratories the isolation and containment, the case investigation contact racing teams and the data coordination. that infrastructure is in place. nice to be sustained and strengthened and come as you say, within liberia itself the biggest immediate challenge. >> right. the capacity is there.

we can respond effectively at any time. every county has a well-built isolation unit 2nd to last. every county its own in bullet treatment unit. so if they're were any resurgence in any given county you have at least 50 to 100 beds isolation unit accountable. better pre- position our labs at the regional level there were nine labs that have been placed in the regions so that we can have

our technical capacity. it does not affect the contact tracers. committed to committed to help volunteers, some of the active case moving from house to house looking for contact, social. the other thing is how we leverage the resources, the ball response what we need to do now the process is going costing detailed plans looking at the facilities and how you leverage the resources. support the health care system. yesterday i was at a blood

bank trying to talk to our colleagues there are the resources to raise our healthcare system the additional resources to support the health centers. the human resources for health is a critical challenge. we lost a lot of our health records. the confidence in healthcare system has to be built so that the people have the confidence to utilize the health care services, and by doing that you have to train more positions, positions, trademark physician assistants, trained nurses midwives, even we still have not gotten to the level yet where somebody can walk less than one hour to get to a healthcare facility. with those kind of systems you need your military health weapons to regional

the last path from preventable diseases and improved human resource for health capacity strengthening infrastructure supply chain and all of these. but how do you leverage now these resources to get the health care system? and the united nations has also been very, very much. i what time the united nations vegan and ebola response. we think that was very much useful. the national partnership. >> can you say a word about two issues? first is the regional

context. trying to figure out how to coordinate and knit together prefecture districts on his large border areas where they're are huge vulnerabilities. as she moves towards zero the bigger regional context becomes ever more important in understanding and beginning to get a better understanding and control over that. your president has been in the lead and trying to stir action in that area. where is that leading? >> has been on the minds of the president of liberia. liberia. she is director of the technical team leading a response to give support to the rest.

our healthcare workers have been mobilizing to support sierra leone so that we can get to zero. we have one of our counties neema, got 62 days without ebola. but then across the border you have a town called lola very active use transmission. answer somebody left traveled. her parents and emma.

got infected. similarly in the area people believe. right now we are very much concerned more than 90 days. it's very critical. to address that were working a three-pronged approach. the community engagement working together. the president working very closely together with a regular summit and gave us the support of technical

people to move across borders, move interventions because if you see right now liberia alone, all of the counties along the border area where ginny and sierra leone there is no ebola transmission taking place. but across and ginny their is active transmission still going on. areas like -- our last count knew the border the transmission of disease. grown over 25 days. and then transmission. * concentration is how can you go close to the border cases that you can bring across from liberia, given

liberia, given treatment in our treatment unit, make our case files our contact, community health volunteers, community, community engagement, that kind of collaboration with any liberian cross-border support is part of the intervention. so were working on that very closely. >> can you just say a quick word about the field trials that are beginning? the vaccines in particular but they're are also a lot of work going on in therapeutics. the vaccine peace it's historic, moving ahead at a very rapid pace. there are a lot of questions around this. can you say a few words? >> and liberia it's good you put me in this seat because back home i am always also in a house seat trying to give explanations

to the public about what it's all about, what about what we need to do about that, why at this time we carry on vaccine trials, but basically we are going to make history as a country to find a permanent solution for a bola. and this is not the 1st time liberia is making history in the global public health community. and community. and liberia we were able to carry on research for antipsychotics. we get 19 countries using this treatment for antipsychotics in the region and the highest burden of a bola. so it is very much important for us as a country to find

a lasting solution. the lasting solution for my public health background is immunization, the gold standard for prevention. immunization has immunization has made us in the world to eradicate smallpox. my professor and myself were in close discussion. he led the global efforts to eradicate smallpox in the world and in the who global effort at hopkins. in a word we were -- he was one of my professors. this was another. and we eradicated smallpox because of vaccination. today polio is also on the verge of eradication. we have three countries in the world that still have an

active till -- active polio transmission. nigeria is one of those. nigeria is doing very well now. pakistan, somalia. there were a few years to eradicate polio, and this is because of vaccinations. in our program we have nine different antigens. and the reason i'm giving you this history is for us to have the confidence. my clinical trials for a bola vaccine on the way right now and liberia to go ahead and for us to be hopeful that we can have a vaccine this year a promising vaccine for a bola. so the two different vaccine trials, the trials, the placebo has already started and liberia. we had a fight at one of our hospitals.

before i left liberia we had about 80 persons enrolled already in the trial. trial. by the 1st of march we we will have 600 more enrolled in the vaccine trial and monitor the situation. 70,000 people to study. and this is under the of the liberian government the ministry of health, the us government, national institutes of health, and the liberian government liberian institute of biomedical research liberian institute of biomedical research carrying on this partnership. we are hopeful that this vaccine works and we can have a a lasting solution for the rest of the world for a bola. >> thank you. let's moved to our audience. >> and for trials, trials, i started. so we hope to go along have therapy and vaccines.

work by the end of the year. if we can have a a vaccine that i think we've made significant progress. >> thank you. we're going to take a number a number of comments and bundle them together. we have about 35 minutes. we also we also have a number of people hear who have been working very actively in liberia and liberia, and i would like to here from them. could you bring the microphone? introduce yourself and be sustained in your comment or question. >> thank you. good morning. >> introduce yourself. >> and jacob hughes with hdi

a program manager is the deputy for the incident management system. the presentation was enlightening about the different experiences that the liberian people have endured. as we move post a bola and do it to strengthen and rebuild the health system i wonder if you could share with us what you think are two or three of the key lessons that must be incorporated into the strengthening of the health system to help prevent this in the future. >> and he thought? 's okay. sir. >> thank you. i work with the president. i just wanted to thank you for your work. your success was shown by

the fact that the people are wondering what there going to do. that speaks pretty well of your success. you did a great job. thank you. >> thank you. >> good morning. i am a physician at georgetown university. honored to be able to work in monrovia. november 14, and prior to that and sierra leone in august. i would like to thank the minister for making time to come to the united states from liberia in the midst of the beginning of the vaccine trials and so much of the work he has been involved with. i really appreciate also you mentioned a shocking number of healthcare workers and liberia have been infected with ebola virus.

in fact who this week their weekly their weekly update around 830 healthcare workers in west africa altogether you have been infected with the virus in almost 500 u of died. i wonder if you could offer suggestions or ideas for how perhaps the region and the world could have helped more in terms of providing healthcare providers to take care of so many patients and liberia and in the region, particularly as you mentioned during a terribly dark day july, august or september. >> down in front. >> such a dynamic recount of the ebola outbreak and the multinational approach by the people of liberia to get us to zero. and so i i commend you and your team on the work that has been done.

i am faith cooper. i am actually an independent consultant. a couple of months ago i was with the department of defense health expenditure that implemented the us disaster preparedness program. i was there in april 2014, not necessarily related, but we were working with the government. coincidentally working with the government to help in the development of the national pandemic preparedness plant which was supported by us disaster preparedness program. my question is is one, my observation at the time while i was on the ground the behavior of our people the liberian people. they did not believe that ebola was real. that cause a spike in the disease. i am i am interested in hearing about their approach now moving forward and i'm glad you touched on the regional capacity building because ultimately that is absolutely important for the region.

the economic community of west african states mandates that all of the 15 member nations at had some time must have a disaster management organization independent that oversees disaster management for the country. we were moving toward the progress. how will this experience and liberia contribute to the establishment of that entity's that we will take responsibility for disasters in the country? >> one more additional question in the back. we will come back to you. >> hi. i am with the emergency management association. she summed it up in terms of the disaster management, the emergency management network guinea, liberia, sierra leone, the west african nations, that needs to be established. i think that was

outstanding, setting that up the coordination with the stakeholders, and that we will be a a key to rebuilding your healthcare structure especially from the committee level and i want to commend you for the work you have done. one of the things that he mentioned with the response to that command usually response worldwide, how our volunteers get reimbursed. i think you are leading toward that. we discussed that. i did not did not talk to you yesterday, but you mentioned that those plans you have in place, you are at best days to build. that's all i wanted to say. >> why don't we come back. back. we will do a 2nd round, i promise. >> thank you. these are very, very critical and important questions that you all raised. i'm happy to touch on the. the issue of post a bola lessons learned very strong

one of the lessons learned that we need to take them to rebuilding the healthcare system is the issue of itc the special prevention and control. we need to have prevention and control champions, all of our healthcare facilities. we need to have people ees in place to make sure that we train every healthcare worker to use the prevention control materials i know very well that the number of healthcare workers the died liberia did not die because they were providing services individually. they died from know more healthcare facilities clinics never giving services. these are real specialists

some of them that died in major hospitals. and and so special prevention control is very very key. and then a lesson learned. we need to improve the issue we need we need to build a real-time surveillance system that would track every single outbreak, every single infectious disease every single disease of epidemic potential in our healthcare system. human resources, they're were a lot of healthcare workers that were trained in the ebola response. we use health volunteers that provide services, active case. how can we put these people to work for us? no more healthcare facilities. as one of the lessons learned going forward to the

posted bola era always spend millions of dollars during the emergency phase of the ebola outbreak. these resources need to have concrete support to look at the six critical building blocks of our health system. if we do that supporting our national health plant for national resilient health system plant before ebola we have it in your national health plant. we had an essential practice of health services, the roadmap for the celebration of reduction. for human resources talk about that.

you need to change real-time trainers physicians that have the skills to go in medical institutions. some of our professors. some of the medical teams. right now in our healthcare facilities. we need to give more to train our professional. provide them not only a the bow of the train them. behavior is critical. people die from the very beginning. we learned the hard way.

a lot of people lost their lives before we realized. play with there. so many times in that community. into the process. so military ownership and engagement is very good. the disaster preparedness network actually spoke about the overall working on that. the us department of defense their ministry of defense ministry of internal affairs trying to get a regional disaster network. the preparedness plant that we are working on. the ebola we need to

concentrate. 190 percent of the tally rates. the liberian situation so a lot of versus the got infected did survive. we have about 1,400 ebola survivors. ..

>> >> then it is the stigma. in due be assured ebola does not mean to be stigmatized. let there were 3,000 of them

>> wells. can you talk about the income of the liberia middle-class? >> we're very proud of the jobs hopkins care. [laughter] also mentioned the capacity building, but to dig down was the most pacific impact? that gave the possibility to respond as you have?

where the weaknesses revealed from the civil war in health care initiative? >> i have of the question regarding if you have any comments such as the forces and also with the imf and ministry of health to be excluded from the initial planning? >> repeat that one. >> with the ims they met in the did you were excluded. >> this was during the first

week of october with the planning talks. >> to be and not included. >> spin that was a very interesting sort of moment of evolution. we will come back for another round. >> i am with the defense department working on a surveillance program. acyl break started what did you find was the best message board disseminating information not only health care workers but to the general public and how deeply and to provide information as we approach? >> we use multiple channels of communication.

at 1.we reusing radio communication ebola is this or that door this is how you prevent it. but at some point when you have entered personal control and interpersonal communication. so the ipc played a critical role. >> but first of all, the solidarity event communities got the information with the

orders about what a disease. was printings of fliers of the health care workers with community engagement and town hall meetings but it is very much critical. they can turn the tide by themselves. there was a time when they had to put their own roadblocks that they would amount to quarantine to get

you to the health facilities so that information was also critical. security quarantine did not work well. angela with the process of liberia. so it changed the strategy. to be policed by security personnel. and then they started to see a great level of improvement. but then planning as the u.n. agency but what we did with the planning meeting

was over from liberia in an old debt very, very well because we work together but that was set a council meeting the call that the presidential ebola council and that was presented to the president. >> with the health system we

have a strong system the coming from all the efforts were the supply chain systems to train medical doctors so there is a lot of work to do with the house when -- with the health care system. when a lot of strange people knew what to do.

but they already started. within the car spun dash the care started to bend. and get help to deal with the situation. >> we have a lot of hands up the we will start at the back with the two gentlemen there. >> thank you for coming. and i want to mask about the mix of the implementation of the response one being coordinated by the imf and the government and the other with support given directly to the government to

implement its self. something that we thought was interesting is how it was very mixed with its approach and i wanted your thoughts on bull's-eyes of the clinical side. >>. >> i am the director of the new program called prepared this and response. we're focused on looking at emerging imminent threats and of course, ebola is one of those diseases. with the post he below world in liberia, what approach busey taken for the preparedness of response that may be of an unknown origin?

>> i was wondering if you could talk about how women and children were uniquely impacted in what planning you are thinking about going forward? >> i retired for health service officer. have a of a couple of quick questions. one is the response of liberia seems to be different from mobilization in and communication and jihadist experience with key as well? and valued the more

effective and the second question that we have seen some reporting to say that it was late. in from the perspective on the ground. >>. >> i was just wondering if you could speak to the private sector response in terms of the ngo nonprofits and how of a did they respond in what type of partnership at uc and what would be you like to see from our of the private sector?

>> thank you for your time and prospective for our work at the national institutes of health. could you speak more to the psychological remnants of the scare in your community and the workers and more upon the experience of the fear and anxiety that the united in your community with the outbreak in other ways you have learned to incite hope. >> thank you. the coordination of the response is very interesting. one strategy, one program, one response. so all of the international partners the message was one

response, one strategy. under the leadership of the president the president got very much involved. we saw that uniqueness and togetherness of the government in the people. so she did in power the public health experts who work with international police to deal with this situation for are the very beginning it was difficult and a bit chaotic because this is a public health

crisis. so it has to be dealt with by the minister of health in liberia. the government did realize that to permit the of the minister of health in charge. so we develop that market area that i mentioned with a social mobilization all these areas so the issue to put cdc in its lot.

but also a meeting with the imf said what happened. to have the resources so with the social globalization with unicef to say the mobilized resources could mobilize but the critical issue with the imf meeting. to have those jubilee units

so the cdc is also in charge. but that is out of the cohesiveness of the response of one strategy and how it is chaired so regarding the played with a boat tour the vehicles so with the correct support because you're held accountable. >> we didn't have the resources from the u.s. government so to feel they are implementing with those

dignified barriers. international federation of the red cross and of the ngo usaid play a very critical role. and then to establish their teams. but then they have to answer but why aren't they doing this on time? >> did he say get works very well.

respond with the lessons learned. working with the international partners again. to have an agency called the foundation now with operations central to liberia but we are working with them to bill prepared this and response. we are leveraging to rebuild the health care system. is fairly highly effective. and very much moving flying from liberia into china in

into the region in kidney and ghana it into the market of liguria guess what happened? with that ebola crisis because everybody was afraid of ebola. in venice some point that it made a social impact. but many died. that is a critical problem. working together things up

are working very well but also that others are hurting from and the fact that there is pressure from guinea to put pressure on organizations by supporting this country. so we're learning from each other to move forward. and also working together not with force. so with the education he cannot do it. but u.s. response that the

entire word came late. but it came very late to the crisis. the entire world. that is one of the lessons until the global health community. and if it is in southeast asia or europe or america. to develop countries and then that we knew for the first time this is the population.

sova whole world is a lesson learned of the have a discussion end of message to all of them but they came very big. united states government caved very big to the rescue. i am very optimistic because of the support that usaid

was there. that was done in march or april. with 8,000 lives in the region. but they came huge and we appreciate that. >> that is a very resounding compelling conclusion to the 90 minutes together this morning. thank you so much for being so compassionate and candid and details to take on these issues with such clarity and a sensitivity. kenneth a. . . the leadership that has been sustained over many months.

your contribution is enormous and the story that you tell is positive at the end of the day. of 84 being with us. congratulations. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

>> with reflections did black. but was also very mature where there was a narrative going on as well in which black people were constructed post slavery or before the end of slavery is something other than human. it is part of the marketing with the memorabilia but then in terms of the way we might see yourselves or see others. >> with 80 eastern and pacific

>> to provide that proven leadership of 1982 is why today i proudly announce my candidacy for president of united states of america. [cheers and applause] . .

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