state of israel. israel. don't fall into that trap. what do you do? the coven. i mean -- [applause] >> winning the information operation war. that's a you get into someone's psychology, show yourself to be the strong tribe. the next thing you know all of these disaffected youth male and female all across the globe all of a sudden want to be on the team.

it is an incredible recruiting tool. we're not afraid. we are betting there people. what are they doing? talking. they don't want to come meet us face-to-face. you make them face-to-face. you make them wish that they were never born tell them whatever corner of the world they go into someone carrying the stars and stripes on there shoulder we will be there to put a bullet between there eyes. is the only thing they understand, the only way we keep this country safe and protected from the next generation. what is a going to become next? who just going to get another metamorphosis of a radical islamist terrorist group that believe there vision for the world is the right vision. again, think about what it was like to be a christian living in moz oh, one of the oldest christian civilizations in the world. for the 1st

time in millennia their is not a christian. this is unconscionable. we are sitting back and watching this up. >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. >> richard rhodes historian journalists, novelist pulitzer prize winner what sony is there is also a a novel about the daughter party, biographies of hedy lamar fabulous. the scope of what he does is so fun's. i'm sure you have your own personal favorites. you favorites. you have seen him on the front line on the american

experience. he has worked for years. been a resident at harvard. he and his wife, a clinical psychologist doctor lives near the bay in california. two children and grandchildren. so it is a treat tonight because he brings us good company the spanish civil war. it's. [applause] >> thank you very much. while the casualties. i'm going to have to be a serious offer and describe the images. there basically pictures from the time of the war.

i came across this book. person must be 500500 books on the spanish civil war. it was held trying to get rid give them. i was finished. still as there always are aspects of the war that really never get covered. probably the definitive history of the war for literally just one paragraph about the medical innovations that occurred which is something i i read about at some length. they're are several books on

picasso painting is great painting, but it really doesn't get expressed often. as i have often found much of the history is they're that some of the most interesting is still very good documents. it is easy to be defeated by the feared fear to focus your number's. the spanish civil war was fought between 1936, the end of august 1936 in april 1939 between the legitimately democratically elected government the next government, the different kinds of political parties everything from anarchists at one end to communists of

the other democratic conservative liberal all the time. the communists against the fascists. it was not that at all. the legitimate government countries where the generals in which they have far too many, the generals thought that the best way to solve any problem politically was to stage a a coup d'état and save the country by being a great general which is basically what happens in august of 1936. franco, this intense little man rather overweight but dangerously smart as generals go had been essentially exiled off the

middle of the atlantic. so he could cause can cause too much trouble. he was part of the generation that had learned his trade fighting against the berbers and north africa you remember your history some of the most brutal fall by european countries. savages, therefore could be treated in ways and war that europe was not yet treating each other. so franco in the early 20s and what i think was about the 2nd major battle of the bread 1st they actually used poison gas.

it is very clear that they're was a good deal of use of poison gas on the berbers. the berbers were muslim. they were very poor. when he decided that it was time for them to take over spain he was close to north africa and flew there and organized the 1st military airlift in history. as the other thing about war you get military technology. he organized the 1st airlift. he had to give it which a request. hitler did not think it was a good idea at 1st. a performance of wagner and was full of music and wants to the subject is that i went on. the delegate from spain spain, the delegation from spain was sitting they're. he turned on for three or

four hours and finally says all right, you can have the. germany had enough at that time. the terms of the surrender treated as an air force. they can bury them in the pilots. she threw carriers. and it was those planes that flew over to north africa to pick up the army. franco was pulling together to invade its own country. they flew across the mediterranean near gibraltar and began what was a slow and bloody march up toward madrid. opponents laying down from france in europe. a country that was so

dominated by its rural mobility and by the church, the roman church. 60% of the population was still illiterate when the republican government came in. one of the 1st things it did was set up public schools. they set up 17000 public schools between 1931 and 1936. so the 36. so the people were deeply embittered by seeing essentially the church align itself with the nobility and the wealthy, and the wealthy had suppressed the peasantry. the peasantry. the early weeks of the war. the cities like barcelona and madrid and elsewhere.

rather desperately and spontaneously. malicious. very political groups and so forth. fighting desperately without much of in the way of military force. the opposite side had picked up one man's life. and so they keep the fascist forces out of there cities. the people of spain were not much better than the people he had been fighting in north africa. they were pacifying the towns that they took, march the way up the peninsula. that meant basically

gathering all the men of military age and machine-gunning them all. a very bloody palms. the same time the militia angry as they were at the church, church, some 6,000 priests who were killed in the 1st weeks of the war by the civilian militias fighting against the fascists. ..

all over spain. it shows a executing. there was an expression of the out of range in the way that they have been treated. frankly this arrived.

and it just at the time there had been a gathering of people all over europe who are pro- spain who volunteered. it was the depression and there were a lot of men out of work so they could act on their beliefs as they did and this group is about the first 3,000 young international arrived just in the days before the battle was going to turn against the malicious. i have a photograph showing them arching through during their famous salute in the way that we know the hitler salute looked like this, solidarity.

it was an exciting moment at least temporarily and it had been taken over and grabbed into the existing governance. the war went on like that for three years and they had the interest of one kind of another particularly nazi germany and fascist italy came in to help. it was a typical hitler region

and it was a chance to first make the strip. but it was also the chance to test out all of the weaponry so people speak of the spanish civil war. this relatively small war traveling around for the second world war and everybody that's got into it on whatever side from elsewhere in the world tried to test out whatever new equipment they had a.

there was a kind of contrast that was larger. in 1937 writing about war they called it a little world war and in a sense if we think about the fact that there were these other countries involved, there is such a pressure about roosevelt that he didn't feel he could get into the war particularly when he was being opposed by the catholic presidential candidate. so in the united states they didn't step in and all. so they had access to all sorts of big lead and support from italy and germany which meant as

he became boosted as from time to time he was they threw in about 100,000 soldiers during the course of the war. one of the reasons it only was defeated in the second world war by 1943 because it had really just overused but it had in the way of money and personnel it was not prepared to fight into the second world war. there were some people that were particularly interesting and i wrote about them in more detail. one of the things that happened during the spanish war was the

development for the first time in the war of the frontline blood transfusion and during the first world war there had been some blood transfusion. it was here and carried it over there. it is such a big country and it had developed and they were reflected in the hospitals in moscow to prevent it and then it could be refrigerated for a couple weeks. they did that so they could ship it out to the country in the old soviet union. in between the two, there wasn't

much use for the blood storage. if the emergency hospital needed a donor they just called up a person came down and they donated blood. so here is a useful technology waiting. and when the spanish doctors found that the soldiers had to be brought back from the frontline they realized they had to find someone to transfuse before they moved from the frontline and so the spanish doctor and independently canadian dr. who was the volunteer doctor in the spanish war developed consisting of collecting blood, the canadian

doctor came to spain and didn't know quite what he was going to do but realized there was a place for the collection and delivery so he delivered the service and he had a thousand women in madrid that would sign up and give a pint of blood once a month and that would then be treated and stored. he had a truck that was refrigerated. the blood in and one of the things that always amazed me was the photograph. i couldn't find it but photograph showing a table covered with blood ready to be delivered to the frontline. but sununu is the technology that they are sterilized milk bottles and wine bottles. it was later that they standardized the bottle for delivering the blood saved a lot of lives and then the other

thing about this world for that fascinated me when the spanish civil war started with poland in september of 39 there was a small gap between the two. when the second world war came along, he was all of this benevolent medical technology ready to go for the much larger theaters of the war and a lot of lives were saved with things like stored blood transfusion that was developed originally for this little regional civil war. another aspect of the medical development of the war was the invention of triage. those of you with any medical background note that triage is the way of sorting during the time of disaster when you have a

lot of the wounded coming by sorting them to get maximum use of the limited medical service. and that technology was developed as well during the spanish war. the doctors realized that they always worked on the seriously wounded first, that some of the more likely wounded might get worse such as bleeding and there were some among the casualties to going to live no matter what you do for them and probably under those conditions simply needed pain relief and being satisfied. that's triage and in this case it was by some of the british doctors that helped during the war. interestingly when one of the doctors that he remembered later

went to see the soviet general who was running that particular battalion of the military told them what they were planning to do in terms of how they were going to sort the casualties and the fact that the mortally wounded were not great treated except for pain relief, rather than say that makes sense, he was furious and said you savages, i will put you in the frontline with no weapons if you do that. get out of my tent. if they eventually evidently were able to workaround the general and used this life-saving technology to not only sort in a way that allowed them to work on those that needed to the work first but also to put the men back in battle once they had been treated for their wounds and of course they were constantly short on men.

another part of the story that intrigued me and i was an undergraduate in college and had come from a farm for the first time in my life i had a chance to look at art. i was near new york and was able to go to the museum of modern art to look at what was to mean simply the greatest painting in the history of the world which was picasso's great painting. it's 25 feet long and about 10 feet high about the size of a movie screen. it's all in black and white. all of the creatures and people the horse, the bull, the various

women because it represents the bombing of a small town in spain in april of 1937 at a time when the time when picasso had agreed to provide a narrow for an exhibition spanish republican exhibition in france at the international expedition i was opening in the summer of 1957. but he couldn't figure out what he wanted to paint. he had just gone through the years he didn't paint at all and it isn't quite clear by except he was going through a terrible divorce from his russian ballerina wife and she had quickly point out to him that there were community property laws in france and that she would be getting half of

everything and that didn't make him happy at all. he certainly didn't want to create any more so he stopped painting for a year. he seemed to be a very happy man. he didn't have a care in the world because he wasn't working. but eventually finally when the spanish civil war started coming in his chosen by the spanish republic to be the director of the great spanish museum and participated in moving all of the paintings to a safe place outside of madrid in an old medical castle where the bombing wasn't even phased it and he donated money to the poor and did everything short of going to

spain. he spent them asked for three months scratching his head what on earth am i going to paint and she did very paintings. they were of his mistresses as if he couldn't get to the war going. the war going. and then came in the bombing when they do the prickly tried to burn down an entire city with just one day of bombing and of course famously succeeded in defending the city of about 6,000 people perhaps eight or 9,000 killed at least a thousand people in one afternoon. at the beginning of the fire bombing of cities that we all

remember or have read about from the second world war. it's a very direct line to the bombing of europe and the falling of the two cities. and he was immensely incensed that this would happen. he started painting a huge mural and he painted for about a month and he could finish a painting literally add a. there is a reason he has the legacy of some 50000 but this one was his greatest work he was simply deeply engaged in it and he painted almost nonstop for

weeks and weeks to get it right. i have a chapter in my book devoted to how he did that. one of the things you will see you'll see if you look at the painting is that everyone in the painting is looking up and screaming because that's where they are coming from. there is a photograph that i'm looking at that i am now standing in front of this huge canvas painting that looks like with a mop. sometimes you have to get up on the ladder with these long handled brushes to do this painting. it is an extraordinary work and today if you go in where it is located you walk into the room, my wife was with me and have never seen the painting before and she burst into tears. she doesn't cry easily but it's such a powerful depiction of

pain and suffering that one of the things i've noticed about it but none of the historians that have written about it seem to have commented on i don't know if they noticed or not but it looks like a movie screen. its plaque and white as the news reels were in those days and it seemed clear to picasso who love to go to the movies thought it was an art form potentially that he was evoking the sense of the news reels and patterns are little marks that look like types of print on a newspaper page. so it was clear that it was an extraordinary illusion to the previous paintings and i have several pages in a the chapter just tracking some of them down.

one of the most interesting of the modern art that i tracked on the transcript of you may remember there is the head of a woman coming out of a window pulling out a torch in the earlier version of painting. it's the statue of liberty. then you think he never went to the united states. how would he know that. there were six versions of the statue of liberty around paris. the original model that was made, there is a statue of liberty on the river in the middle of the city and some were not as big as the final version but some were pretty big so he

had plenty of chances to see this particular statue and yet coming out of the window the head has one of the mistresses in and he seems to have borrowed it from the fact that in a country house where they lived outside when people came to visit at night they didn't have a front porch light she would go to the window and hold out the lantern to see who is there. so this kind of association of all kinds to make a painting is just dense with delusions to all parts of life. another painting that was done at the same time by the same exhibition is another that i described except to say after this is another huge mural but

it's in the primary colors it was angry. you can see it black-and-white in my book just ready to kill someone. it is an evolution of the kind of revolution that happened in spain in early 17th century as a matter of fact. but it was painted on a text that is a kind of wallboard and after the exhibition closed in 1938, sadly, it was one of the great paintings that disappeared forever so all of the remains were three or four photographs that i won in the book. let me go quickly to the other part of the story that engaged me and i think would engage you of all of the doctors and nurses

inevitably people so in love and i found an english nurse, tall, blue eyes, really quite beautiful and one of those angels of mercy nurses come and it was wartime and the conditions were not very sanitary, they were all -- it was that kind. her name is patients, her father owned a publishing house that had failed and that they were living in rather hard times. she had a midwifery as well as nursing and have developed a social conscience and when she heard that the spanish republic needed medical people, she volunteered and went. eventually, in the course of moving from hospital to

hospital, the spanish hospitals were a disaster. basically the nurses in spain were all nuts. therefore they couldn't undress the patients. so the soldiers covered with fleas and lice and bones and dirty uniforms that they had been wearing for three months would be hauled into a hospital that itself wasn't very clean thrown onto a bed and just given food and water, patients who wasn't very patient as a human being would go to one of these hospitals and just clean out the place. she described one place where for at least a generation that doctors and nurses had been throwing all the waste from their surgeries and everything else out the windows into the yard. she said when you opened the window there was just a fly is

coming up from this god awful pic of material. associate out all of the young doctors together and they just scrubbed everything down. the nuns really were not prepared to handle the bodies inevitably. she got the young spanish girl who would usually illiterate but were not stupid and who wanted very much to be of help and the english nurse is besides caring for the wounded also trained to do some of the things the nurses to. ultimately as franco brutally moved down and to try to make it to madrid he loved left some artillery there to the city constantly and moved up to the north to take over the whole vast region of spain and that's

when the bombing occurred. and once he had that he came back down towards madrid and by the time, by the summer of 38 it basically cut the country in half. there was a huge river that ran along basically east and that was the entrance to that part of spain where, in forgetting the name of the city i was talking about earlier. what is that wonderful town barcelona, yes it became the republic and there is going to be a last-ditch effort to by setting a surprise attack against the river which was kind

of the dividing line. everybody trained for it. they put everything they had into that fight. they needed a place in the front lines to deal with the severely wounded. they didn't think they could really move them far back behind the lines and they found a cave up the hill above the river and now we think of it as a little opening but it was more like a stone shelter about 150 feet across halfway up the mountain with huge stone overhead and a kind of mouth shaped opening with gusto about it because they were bombing hospitals and ambulances and so forth and because it was facing onto a very narrow valley, the german

planes couldn't dive in to the hospital. it was too narrow for them to be able to go back out. so it was hard to get there. it had to drag them up the mountainside basically but once they had built 120 bed hospital in sight of this neoplastic shoulder is went back about i -- i was in it when i visited spain it is a memorial now -- but about 50 feet and miraculously there was a spring of fresh water so it was a nice place. but the nurses and the doctors set up a hospital to deal with the wounded from the battle and let me just read to you what she

wrote. it was very uncomfortable and very dark and very low and all uneven. the metal beds were all over the floor and you could barely see the habit but in the light for the surgical theater runoff from an authority in the ... but we hadn't gotten light and we had to do the work by sardine cans with wax and oil. it isn't much light and you couldn't see across the cave and you kept banging yourself into the iron beds. we had an awful lot against us. they had more on their side and we were obviously very near a lot. they were much bigger and they

take great chunks out of people if they survive at all. huge lumps had been hurdled out of them than the bullets that go through you. we tended to get people at night because the shelling was so enormous that it couldn't move and a day. for the first time we got people long after battle and sometimes hours after they had been wounded and some of course we couldn't save. associate goes on talking about the children that were drafted into the republic army hopefully against the fascists and we saw what happened when they got these terribly smashed up people and to hear the kids singing as they went up it was terrible when i thought was great was good to happen to them and it got me down thankfully. so, before this time in her life she had met a young german

anti-not see who is a carpenter and they've fallen in love. she met him in the hospital. he came in wounded. they had fallen in love and that in various places all over spain. she gave a history lesson after the war where she talked in her wonderful way about how much they loved each other and how she learned about what all of those people that love to talk about. she said whether they are angels and wife lovers bloom bloom is a wonderful description of how she felt with robert. he was german. his family moved to palestine in the 1930s and then had been thrown out and have been back in germany and volunteered to fight with the spanish republic during the war. while she was at the cape hospital that was just a magical

place and to get to the region near madrid, as i said it's now a memorial and a little spring still floats their. so at the end she got word towards the end of the battle that he had stepped on a mine and had been killed and she sort of went crazy at first. she was so horrified she had i guess that so much hope into the relationship and helping like so many of them have fought in the war. one of the doctors that worked for her and the next few days the physician hearing of her greet and exercising war with curious compassion and arranged her transfer to the battlefront.

she said it was like a sort of therapy. before she left the cape hospital however the waters of the cave are said to heal the afflictions of the eyes. she wrote to palestine with the news of his death. she wrote up her love for him and his up her and that she had left them and photographed a cochair of the photograph they sent and assured them the last eight months were full of joy for him. she was one of about 40,000 international volunteers and changed her mind and about the worth of the war, that war at least for the one man she knew was fighting it. she wrote of her husband now in a common grave of his comrades.

he was a revelation of how to live and fight against the thing that is trying to ruin the world. so those are just a few of the stories that i found about this extraordinary little war in the middle of nowhere that claimed half a million lives in a country of 20 million people. i hope that you have a chance to read it. thank you very much. ' [applause] >> [inaudible] if you have any questions. >> i would be happy to talk about any of my other books that i know some of you read the making of the atomic bomb. that is an appropriate subject too. >> can you fast-forward a couple years? why didn't franco helped hitler particularly in regards to the spanish forces because it would have been a serious problem for

the british. >> he really shot during the spanish civil war he didn't have anything left for the second world war and he knew that and he was a canny dictator so he found ways to put hitler off until too late. hitler wasn't happy about it made was to say that at that point he had his hands full. he had used up what he had. the spanish had an incredible stores gold that the government held from south america. all that gold that had been shipped back to spain and it was pretty much gone by the end of the spanish civil war. it had either been taken by franco or the material they needed for the war.

he wasn't just volunteering to help out the spanish. >> a couple of comments and questions. i was in spain when franco died and there were visibly thousands and thousands of people crying and upset. it's on the other side of the equation he was greatly adored by a lot of people. and i confronted one of those kalanick was a franco soldier during the war and i kind of gently confronted him about franco and he said franco put the longest period of peace in spanish history. i remember him saying that. whether it's true or not, i don't know. but also, why did franco bring back the dynasty upon his death? i know less about that. co. but as far as i know there

have has been a long traditional among the generals supporting the monarchy and he wanted to do that. he insisted on being allowed to educate the young king. but somehow the more liberal conception of the country. through for the young king or maybe it was simply that europe your pixels have transformed so much after the two world wars and had moved in the direction of the governments that were more responsive to the people of europe. that's the reason why they have the socialist governments that are allowed to benefit because the dated and 20 have another world war. i'm not entirely sure why franco supported the young king who

basically stalled the democratic monarchy but that's as much as i know about that. he wasn't a nice guy. he knocked off 100,000 people after the war. if you have a union card you would be taken out and shot. most of the men that fought for the republic were basically slave labor is the next 20 years they built all these grandiose monuments all over spain to the valley of the fallen is the sort of peer in at a franco and his fellow generals. so it wasn't a happy place to be. they were half starved in the 1950s and very cleverly he realized he could sign-up the united states if he promoted his very sincere and by communism and got a great deal for us to support his government.

>> just as a follow-on to the gentleman before it seems to me like the spanish civil war was a very divisive war and one that created a lot of family splits and that carried on through the war and after the war and that is a wound that i do not believe it's healed yet and from that standpoint what i heard before about what he saw in madrid in 1975 it's true.

it's spain and its divisive and at the same is true for the other side. you mentioned art. and to me it's what you described. but the same was produced in spain during the franco years. you look at those frames and those paintings and they depict the franco years. they are dark. i am not so clear that franco was the bad guy and the republicans were the good guys. i think there is a lot of gray area because you can hear about how the republicans turned churches into things.

when that happens i think happened i think it created a lot of uproar in the people that yesterday looked at the catholic church as may be oppressors of the rich but all the sudden then they are not. they are wounding me and that is maybe overlooked to a degree. a >> hispanic there are other perspectives beyond buying. but i found to block the battlefields we met a tall handsome spaniard who lived on the edge of the battlefield, one of the larger battlefields of the war and had never been picked up. franco really detested the republicans and there were no monuments when he was in power.

similarly, the battlefield was left the way it was our friend who was actually a dental pick -- and that was fascinated by the history of the country and of course about 35 or 40-years-old as the pictures is the picture of him in the book with me talking with him. ernesto got out a metal detector when they into start going out on the battlefield and collecting old pieces of artillery shells and bullets casings and everything that he could find and then he started digging around just by hand and he retrieved broken skulls, schemers, bones eyeglasses and his basement and his house which he showed me slowly filled up and he had white shelves running up the entire wall and they were

all full of this material. while come eventually he thought i would donate this to the local museum in the little town because it was still too controversial in 2010 and 2011 it was controversial. they couldn't do that. because how would you describe it and what would you say? it is like the american civil war. one of the historians said it takes 100 years before you can talk without powerful emotions on the sides about the civil war between brothers and people who know each other and even more bloody therefore and even more bitter and so ernesto hoped to

someday be able to donate this extraordinary collection of material to the museum. hispanic good evening and thank you for coming to dallas and opening this up. in "the wall street journal" last saturday you were featured in the best five picks of the spanish civil war. what did you use to choose the five books quick spin and sorry. i'm having trouble understanding. >> what price did you use to pick the five books that you featured in "the wall street journal" last week? speck out of a research? >> how did you pick them? >> this is my 25th book and am rarely free at this point in my life to choose whatever subject

interests me assuming i can sell it to my editor and there were several before this that i could not sell to my editor but when i found this and realized what was still missing from the history i was a medic in the air force many years ago and had a certain amount of training so i know a little bit about medicine and that's why it interested me. so just all kind of came together into a subject that i thought would be interesting and some of the readers would like to read about and it is because it was full of not only all of these technological things but these wonderful tragic stories human human beings living at their most extreme. one of the things wins this large collection of manuscripts

letters and one of the doctors i wrote about is a prominent new york surgeon who volunteered to help in the war on the republican side and after he came back to the united states here in a 400 page book about the experience is with the help of a woman journalist that he found and that manuscript was never published. it was sitting all these years later in the library. the pages she were so roundly couldn't stand them. i had to get someone to photograph each page and then type it out by hand basically. why wasn't a book published? he was a compassionate man. well, the world war came along and then after the war since he

has been a member of the communist party in the 1930s he got caught up in the activities committee which cited him contempt of congress because he wouldn't give them the names of some of the people with the publication he wrote for and he ended up spending time in a federal prison, had his license removed for six months waited about, went back to being a doctor and participated in things like medical aid and helping out of there as well. but to have a complete book manuscripts to be able to draw it was one of many complete manuscripts and it was just a treasure. one of the ways history gets written i always tell people if you want to be remembered in history, history doesn't remember the victories of

history remembers the people who kept a record. hispanic one last question, final question. hispanic thank you for the books. i especially liked dark sun in fact i read the making of the atomic bomb twice and what struck me about those books and this is that there's such a pivotal era that changed everything after. have you considered writing about world war i? the >> i have but i kind of missed the window. this is the year to publish a book on world war i. i would love to go back to doing it. i don't know if you know that in the national archives in washington there's there is a whole group of manuscripts medical documents in particular from the american civil war that have never been opened. there are brown paper wrappers with a ribbon and the 150 years or whatever it is i have of

course the first world war was an extraordinary human experience on many levels but i think i kind of missed my window. i'm working right now on another book, of course that's how i make my living. i'm working on a book about what sounds like the unpromising subject of energy transition. i will eventually be writing about legal and i will be coming back to dallas more than once but right now i'm writing about england when they ran out of trees close enough to london to be able to afford to transport them and they had to switch and they just hated cold. the preachers said it is the devils excrement. you find it underground, it is black and dirty, spells like sulfur obviously the devil did his business and that's what cold is. stay away from this stuff.

most of the world ran out of oil for the first century that is what the people that could afford it used for lighting a. of the reason that they had to go to the south pacific was to do the work that led because there were not any whales left in the north atlantic. we had 10,000 a year and by the time the team 50s came along they were going all the way to the sea of japan, all the way to the arctic. and then you may know this story what is this stuff that oozes out of the ground in pennsylvania then they figure out a way to refine it but a pet 90s when the light bulbs came

along and they were switching to electric lights, the oil industry was saying what are we going to do. they have this project but they couldn't use but they were dumping it at night to get rid of it because it was useless and they didn't have any other place to put it it and then fortunately the automobile came in along just in time. there are lots of stories that haven't been told as usual. the last book written on natural gas in the industry was published in 1938. so, i'm just having great fun beginning this next book which i'm sure you will enjoy. [applause] >> richard will be outside at the signing desk and the books are still for sale in the

welcome center. it's a buy a book and get a personalized. we will see february 19. an audible conversations >> you wrote that. [inaudible] >> here was a woman that could

speak without notes and who was an indomitable in the face of the most horrifying kind of criticism and sexist behavior and in particular really hated by the women like her, other highly educated and prominent women. it was just a tremendous wall of anger for staying with bill clinton. they were symbiotic. can you imagine anybody being able to be like hillary for bill

clinton? it took her to make him president and it took bill clinton to put hillary in the position where she could actually run for president so they were symbiotic and still are and i'm still fascinated by them because they dominated the democratic politics for 25 years longer even then the roosevelt. they were 17 or 18 years and these people are still doing it. quite amazing despite the flaws that are very well known. so i find i'm fascinated by this up until the end of the summer i was hearing from some of hillary's friends and colleagues who'd been with them in the white house saying they really tell her not to run and she was

having conflicting thoughts. she has a nice life now, plenty of money she has a portable bully pulpit anywhere she goes she can make an issue. she's the most famous influential woman in the world now has, now has a grandchild she has longed for for so long. so why would she subject herself to the kind of lying and sliming and the rehashing of everything that they would have to end -- and/or? one reason we finally figured out. from the very beginning, hillary has been about improving the lives of women and girls. and she made that part of the foreign-policy portfolio of the secretary of state when she bargained with obama about whether or not she would take that role she said that was it. if he didn't agree to that she

wasn't interested, and he did. so she did that into practice and she would be able to do much more as president. but more than that when she finally acknowledged it took her three days to digest that reality and when she finally made her speech at the big hall in washington and i'm sure you were there there were many women supporters there and they were crying tears. it was a very bitter and angry crowd feeling that hillary had been the night because somebody else had jumped the line. and her last words were don't spend a minute thinking about what might have been. life is too short and time has to be spent well. we need to work together for what still can be. and that was the promise. and if she didn't fulfill that

promise in 2016 there would be a lot of women that would be failed by her and i don't think she could live with that. >> you can watch this and other programs on linux booktv.org. here's a look at some of the upcoming book fairs and festivals happening around the country. the man in charge that night.

his name is harold and he's the man that opens up the berlin wall. he is an unlikely candidate for the title. he's a complete playlist. he's been working for 25 years. he had an additional three years of service before that and helped build the wall. i pulled his entire service record that survived and in all those years of service he had only one minor demerits in the promotions. this is a loyal servant of the regime. he said i believed that the wall was tragic but necessary because if we hadn't built the wall, there would have been world war iii between the soviet bloc and the west so it's bad but it's better than the alternative, so this is a man that is very committed to his job. this isn't a man secretly trying to bring down the regime did in the course of the night, he finally come in the course of the night he finally becomes the man who as i said "wall. so how does that happen.

let me go back to the image of the deep water crossings. he actually sees the press conference on television. he's only 24 hour on a 24 hour shift that started in the late evening. when he sees the press conference he can't be weeded. he calls the superior officer and he's using some it's because i won't repeat. he says what just happened? i have no orders. what did he announce it at the superior officer says it is business as usual keep the gates closed. then he calls back and says i have a dozen people telling me the wall is open. the superior officers is business as usual. he calls back again and says it is more like 100 people. what should i do? he says keep the gates closed business as usual. i interviewed him twice and he told me that he made 30 from calls over the course of the next four hours and he never got any useful instructions. only once did he get anything

other than keep the gates closed and what he got actually made matters worse. after he'd been calling for a couple of hours, one of his direct superiors said i'm tired of your phone call phone called the quiet i'm going to patch you into a call with my boss and you can hear what i believe is true so he gets patched into the call with his boss and as it gets patched and you can hear him say he's reporting hundreds of thousands of people. is he delusional is he an idiot, is he even capable of assessing the situation accurately and the phone line goes dead and this gets him back up. i've been working here for 25 years and they are going to call me a cowbird and ask if i can file an accurate situational report? they don't know that he's also going through a cancer scare. it turns out he doesn't have cancer but he thought he did. he had the number of tests and he is a doctor's appointment scheduled the next day to get the test results and so for that

night he feels like he may be a dead man anyway and then what really puts him over his happens when his boss calls him back. his boss calls him back and says okay we finally have a suggestion for you. go to the eastern side of the wall and pick out the biggest troublemakers the people that are really screaming to get out and actually let them out because hopefully the rest of the people will quiet down without those big loudmouths. so, what you should do is pull them aside to take their passport, stamped their face, let them out, don't tell them they've been expelled forever. so then of course unsurprisingly one of the loudest groups get pulled aside to get their faces stamped their passport are now in museums and they get let out and they don't know that they had been expelled forever.

>> and the experience about five years ago that i think really captures the way that we are taught to think about fossil fuel and actually what is wrong in my view not just the way that the left thinks of fossil fuel but the right thinks of fossil fuel. i'm from southern california i grew up in this area. but the climate out there is just amazing. as i moved there about ten years ago and they haven't been able to leave. about five years ago i was in orange county at a farmers market for lunch and as it happens there was a booth outside the farmers market and this girl comes up to me and i

must have been 28 or 29 at the time conflict fairly young and said you're an environmentalist right, and don't you want to help us get off of fossil fuels and transition to clean renewable energy and i'm just thinking she really doesn't know what's been to happen in terms of what my view is and i said actually know i like fossil fuel. i think what with the fossil fuel industry does is great overall and i think the world would be better if we used more fossil fuel. think to yourself what is she thinking or what is she going to say. and the reason i raised it that way and that is my view that we should use more, is i wanted her to bring up one of the common objections so for example catastrophic climate change catastrophic resource depletion, and i wanted to show her that

there's a different way of thinking about these things where the fact that something is a challenge doesn't mean that it's a catastrophe and that if you look at the big picture of the context of these things insofar as they are challenges are outweighed by the benefits that human beings get. but unfortunately she didn't ask about any of those things and she didn't even get mad at me. she did something that took me aback and that is she looked at me almost in all and i thought what is greater happened? i realized later she was talking an alien creature she looked at me after i said we should use more fossil fuel she said you must make a lot of money. >> you can watch this and other programs on linux booktv.org. ..