as well as for myself as a small business owner i can tell you health care the health care law is already helping more than so many small business individuals helping them with conference of health care for their employees. while it may have been a tough or difficult start for some in some places the health care law is helping to lower costs which allows small-business owners like myself to spend less on insurance premiums and more on expanding companies and hiring new employees. [applause] when i first started my business

i couldn't afford insurance. when i first started my business business -- so when i first started my -- so when i first started my business i couldn't afford health insurance for myself or my employees but thanks to the health care law and small business-friendly provisions by qualified for the small business tax credit which helps me to obtain health insurance for my family and by employers as well as myself. affordable care act is one of the key components that helps my business grow. in fact we grew by 40% last year year. [applause] so it's good to know that we have check-ups that are in

place. we can have our check-ups without a big concern of outlandish costs. owning a small business is like having a second family and providing health insurance makes the family a little more secure. it makes me happy to know the constructive work that was set in motion years ago has helped many american families and workers today. it's good to know that if i get sick the premiums will go up. it's good to know that newcomers like my newer employees won't be turned away because of pre-existing conditions. and we have one on staff that has a pre-existing condition so we are happy about this. i would like to thank leader pelosi and all of those behind me and her team and of course president obama and so many others who insured smaller businesses have what's necessary to succeed. i believe small businesses are the backbone of our economy and

it's important to have like-minded individuals in place to make solid decisions for us. i would like to turn the podium over to assistant democratic leader james clyburn. thank you and god bless you. [applause] >> thank you. thank you so much. speaking at the international health care conference in 1966 dr. martin luther king jr. said a fall the forms of inequality and injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane. i profoundly agree with that view. full access to quality health care should not depend on the circumstances of one's birth. more than five years ago during

a house debate on the affordable care act i labeled it the civil rights act of the 21st century and i am pleased and very proud that the law is living up to that moniker. under the affordable care act insurance companies can no longer discriminate against the 129 million americans who have pre-existing conditions. 105 million americans no longer have a lifetime limit on their health care coverage. no longer is the leader said ken women be penalized by insurance companies simply for being women women. thanks to the affordable care act, 16 million americans who were previously uninsured

finally have the security of health insurance for their families. despite repeated republican claims that the affordable care act would kill jobs, our economy is creating jobs at the fastest rate since the 1990s. [applause] so as we gather here today to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the affordable care act i have got a message for our republican friends. the affordable care act is the law of the land. let's work together to make it better. [applause] and now i would like to introduce our next speaker catherine florea currently a second-year law student from baltimore maryland. she was covered by her mother's

plan when she graduated college in 2011. she had a pre-existing condition so it was a godsend. in the fall of 2014 catherine turned 26 and brought her own insurance on the exchange. her mom dr. renee fox, is a doctor on the board of american academy of pediatrics and i think she is here with us. i have the wrong color codes treaty change coats on me this morning. catherine and renee. [applause] >> thank you. this is too cold. good morning. i'm dr. renee fox a pediatrician

and an newborn specialist from baltimore. i'm also a member of the american academy of pediatrics committee on federal government affairs. thank you leader pelosi representatives hoyer clyburn and the sarah for giving me the opportunity to speak today to commemorate the first anniversary of the affordable care act. i'm here both as a pediatrician and as a parent of two terrific daughters in their 20s. my oldest daughter catherine is here with me today. as mr. clyburn said catherine graduated from college in 2011 was a french and english major and is currently completing her second year of law school at the university of baltimore. catherine has several chronic health issues including asthma which has required frequent doctors visits and prescriptions

to keep her out of the emergency room and hospital. she is here today to tell you her story of how she has benefited from the affordable care act. as a pediatrician and an active member of the american academy of pediatrics i have long understood the benefits of the affordable care act including one of the most popular provisions to extend parental health insurance coverage see in adults until age 26. until it affected me personally i did not realize what a blessing this provision would be for my family. [applause] >> i was covered by my mother's health insurance plan until i graduated from college. remember that in 20 -- 2000 the economy was recovering and they were not many jobs available for college graduates. i work in a medical office but

that position did not offer health insurance coverage as a benefit. without the affordable care act that would have been forced to purchase individual coverage or go without health insurance which my mother would not have allowed. my asthma is a pre-existing condition would likely have been excluded. i would have had to pay for my asthma medications myself. i need these medications to stay healthy out of the emergency room and network. because of the affordable care act to pre-existing conditions cannot prevent -- pre-existing conditions cannot prevent people from being covered. [applause] because of the law's passage five years ago i was able to remain insured on my mother's insurance plan so i spent the first few years out of college covered by an affordable high-quality insurance plan. i turned 26 this past december. i was able to find affordable coverage through the maryland

health connection and was able to keep my physicians and my prescriptions covered by insurance. [applause] i continue to benefit from the affordable care act because they qualify for subsidies that keep my coverage affordable for students. five years after its passage the affordable care act is still making a difference. for pediatricians like my mom and the children they care for, for parents and for young adults like me. i'm truly grateful for all the benefits the law continues to offer and i thank president obama and the members of congress here today for their efforts to protect the law's achievements. thank you. [applause] i will now turn the podium over to representative becerra. >> catherine thank you very much and thank you for your story and your success. you can't beat the security and peace of mind that comes from

knowing you have a doctor or a hospital within your reach and for seniors that has typically meant medicare. because they have paid into medicare they know they have that security but what sometimes seniors forget is the affordable care act was there to help seniors as well because it made medicare an even better program for our americans who paid into medicare. today americans who are seniors no that doughnut hole that required them to make peanuts out-of-pocket that could break their bank are now able to afford those prescription medications they need. today we can say of the last five years seniors have saved on average $1500 apiece over these last five years as a result of the affordable care act when it comes to paying for their prescription medication. [applause] that's $15 billion the seniors have saved 39 million seniors today don't pay a co-payment for

preventative care services. they get their preventative care services free and that is as a result of the affordable care act. we have to remember that for all americans from cradle to grave the affordable care act is helping and for seniors who rely on medicare they now know they can have the security and peace of mind of knowing that medicare is being fortified by the affordable care act. as a proud american of latino dissent i have to add as well there has been no community who has benefited more by the affordable care act than americans of latino dissent. over one third of latinos in america today who were uninsured now have affordable health care insurance and that's a result of the affordable care act. when you see that kind of drop in the insurance rate you have to feel proud so madam leader to the leadership and my colleagues and i guess we say we are very proud of what the affordable care act is done for all of us. let me give you now a case of

someone who can tell you personally as well about what happens when you have a pre-existing condition. amanda jean beaulieu is as someone who had a stroke at a very young age. she had some difficulty holding onto a job and when she calmly got back to work she found the insurance she could get from her employer was not as good as that but she received through the affordable care act and today she still has coverage as the result of the health marketplace in the affordable care act. let me introduce to you amanda beaulieu from minneapolis minnesota. [applause] >> good morning. my name is amanda beaulieu and i am a stroke survivor and american heart association volunteer at the gate. i'm from minneapolis minnesota. this is warm to me. i am honored to be invited to share my story. thank you leader pelosi and

other members of congress for your leadership in passing the affordable care act so people like me who used to be called uninsurable can have the peace of mind and security of never having to go without health insurance again. in october 2009 just five days shy of my 27th birthday i had a massive pulmonary embolism and my left lung. part of the clot broke off and traveled to my brain causing a stroke and fortunately at the time i was covered by my employer's insurance but that changed a year later. in 2010 i left my job and found myself trying to get insurance in a world that didn't want to cover a risk. i was seen as a pre-existing condition and a drain on insurance plan. even though i had fully recovered from my stroke and was young and vibrant by medical history plagued me. i searched for affordable insurance coverage but the cheapest plan i found with $700 a month for subpar coverage. during this time isil i work as

a contractor with no health benefits whatsoever. for more than 18 months i went without health insurance and experience that was like jumping into sharp in that -- shark invested waters without a cage. i learned how much medications cost and had to decide on picking up my prescriptions are paying my monthly bills. there were medicines that i couldn't go without in order to prevent another hospitalization. medical bills started piling up and before i knew it i was $10,000 in debt. in the fall of 2011 i managed to get a staph infection in my knee. i begged and pleaded with the emergency room doctor to let me go home. i told them i can afford this just let me go. he let me go home four days later. i went home and waited for the bills to come. i cried when i saw the totaling cash in my 401(k) to pay it off. at this point i decided i had no choice so i stopped in employment with the collections

law firm even knowing that wasn't my cup of tea. they're insurance sure was. unfortunately however in 22013 that company downsized and i lost my job and the health insurance that went with it. fortunately this time around my search for individual coverage was very different. thanks to the affordable care act is about the on line application and chose a plan. i thought the insurance company was playing a joke on me. i called and spoke to the representative and she double checked and said the premium was corrected after long pause she realized i was crying. i explained to her that having affordable insurance meant i could hold off for the job i wanted and not the one i had to take. by the end of our conversation she was crying too. i know longer have to worry about whether i can go get or pay for health insurance or how i'm going to pay for my medications and i know longer have to delay or skip going to the document. i'm finally putting my health first. thank you so much for passing

the health care law and giving me peace of mind and for letting me share my story. now i will turn things back over to leader pelosi. [applause] >> thank you amanda jean. in closing on behalf of all of my colleagues think you to amanda jean dr. fox ends jamal for their testimony today. they are the stories of the american people across the country. we hear this over and over again great i also in closing want to thank our colleagues the house democratic caucus for their support of the affordable care act and their defense of that over the past five years. we want to join with the republicans and strengthening of security in our country and economic freedom this landmark legislation this landmark law has provided. in closing also i want to thank the american heart association the small business majority american academy of pediatrics families usa moms rising the

young invisibles the national women's law center for gathering with us today to them and so many more organizations. thank you for making this while possible. thank you for giving us a healthier america. thank you my colleagues. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> in support of today's missions we have just under 10,000 troops there. last year i announced a timeline for drawing down our forces further and it made it clear that we are determined to preserve the gains our troops have one. president ghani has -- i consulted with general campbell in and my national security team and decided we will maintain our current posture of 9800 troops to the end of this year.

the specific trajectory of the 2016 draw them will be established later this year to a kabul-based embassy presence by the end of 2016. this flexibility reflects our reinvigorated partnership with afghanistan which is aimed at making afghanistan secure and preventing it from being used to launch terrorist attacks. reconciliation and political settlement remain the surest way to achieve the drawdown of u.s. and foreign troops from afghanistan in a way that safeguards interest in peace in afghanistan as well as u.s. national security interests. second and since the best way to ensure afghanistan's progress as a political settlement we are going to continue to support an afghan-led reconciliation process. president ghani you have shown bold leadership in reaching out to pakistan which is critical to

the pursuit of peace. afghanistan in the united states agree on what the taliban must do renounce violence and abide by afghan laws including the protections for women and minorities. third, we'll continue to support the national unity government in its efforts to truly serve the afghan people.

>> up next a senate panel investigates the commercial use of unmanned drones. we will hear from a representative from amazon who is researching using drones for package delivery. senator kelly ayotte shares as transportation subcommittee hearing on aviation operations. [inaudible conversations] >> i want to call the hearing to order. i want to welcome our witnesses here today. appreciate all of you being here here. before i offer any of our opening statements, news is still coming in that i want to

add knowledge the tragedy in europe this morning and my thoughts go out to the friends and families of those who are affected. we will be monitoring this as the situation develops but i know all of us are very sad to hear about this tragedy. with that, appreciate all of you being here today and i want to thank you because today's hearing represents the second of an active sprint schedule including a series of hearings and preparations for this year's federal aviation administration reauthorization effort was the agencies authorization expires in september this year. for years unmanned aircraft systems uaf also sometimes more properly called drones has been identified with fighting terrorism abroad and i have appreciated the important work

that this technology has been used in terms of protecting our country. today's hearing is not about the military use of drones but the commercial recreational and public utilization of the new technology that represents much promise. there has been great interest in this technology and its potential on the homefront. for example unmanned aircraft have countless civil and public applications. just to name a few they could assist in further precision and agricultural methods. they can conduct routine operations like utility line inspections that are expensive and sometimes dangerous when individuals do those on their own. they could enhance law enforcement in our homeland security when used appropriately and protection of civil liberties. they could empower creative filmmakers. they can enable faster newsgathering. they could bring sports action even closer to viewers and they

may save lives and search-and-rescue operations that are often required in new hampshire's legendary mt. washington and some of the difficult rescue missions that have been done in our white mountain national forest. there is a great deal of potential for unmanned aircraft in american reports uaf integration could yield tens of thousands of manufacturing jobs and tens of billions of dollars of positive economic impact in which all of us of course welcome to our economy. we want america to be the location of innovation but at the same time we have to look at this new technology and ability in balancing other important considerations because we have in this country. we cannot sacrifice safety, privacy or prudent use of this new technology consistent with existing laws that we have in

standards that we expect from people. these principles are not mutually exclusive. this hearing is an opportunity to learn more about how all of this fits together. we hear today we have heard previously as i have scheduled this hearing from eager operators that are worried we are falling behind competing nations that integration has been slow. the efa has granted dozens of exemptions allowing for the commercial use of unmanned systems and the list of those waiting in line is still long. however faa faa announced an interim policy to speed authorizations today and additionally best practices and opportunities for testing uaf technologies are incomplete. the faa's designation test sites have potential that is yet to be fully realized. as with any new technology incorporation requires thoughtful work and caution particularly when it involves

our national airspace system. the most complex aviation system in the world there is great potential here but it must be managed correctly. the faa's proposed rule published last month as a meaningful step in that direction. access is expanded by the proposed restrictions would not throw open the door unfettered to the use of unmanned systems. potential operators may be disappointed by limitations imposed by this proposed rule however it is important that this rule is designed to be the next step and that faa is looking ahead to identify future areas to enable uaf's usage. at any stage of uaf integration a primary consideration has to be safety. we have all seen reports of uaf's being flown recklessly either near commercial aircraft including the airport i regularly use in manchester new hampshire and dangerous

proximity to people are landing in sensitive areas like we heard heard, the white house lawn. no doubt is this fledgling industry c-span's there will be more growing pains but thoughtful policymaking and industry action can ensure the lowest risk to people and property. in addition to safety rules is important to have an ongoing dialogue about how unmanned aircraft will impact our lives and our expectations. in furtherance of that objection objection -- objects done -- objectively administration is engaging stakeholders consider best practices to address issues of privacy transparency and accountability. there is no easy cure all but have been concerned parties at the table developing ways to respect these considerations while enabling utilization of the potentially transformative technology is a worthy endeavor. mr. morris from ntia is here to provide information on this multi-stakeholder process. it's no surprise and i think we

can all understand that one of the primary concerns that people have about the use of these unmanned systems is privacy. unlimited surveillance by government or private actors is not something that our society is ready or willing or should accept. ..

a chance to explore many important questions. i want us to thank the ranking members, senator cantwell and turn it over to her. >> thank you, madam chair. i would like to start by offering my condolences to the loved ones of passengers and crew from flight 95. our thoughts and our thoughts and prayers are with them in this incredible tragedy. i would like to welcome our witnesses today and thank them for testifying on such an important subject as unmanned aircraft systems and certainly appreciate the depth and breadth of the expertise that is represented on this panel today. i would forward to hearing what each of you have to say about this area and am reminded that to faa bill

discussions ago we had similar discussions about defense and other applications related to the faa and unmanned aerial vehicles. at that time a small company in my state was trying to figure out how to move forward in cooperation with the faa, and today that company has more than 800 people. 800 people. this industry has continued to grow, and we are here to talk about the integration of unmanned systems that require a balance between the safety of our skies which we cannot and will not compromise and the many possibilities enabled by unmanned systems such as fighting wildfires inspecting wildfires inspecting bridges railroads, pipelines, aiding farmers the monitoring borders to more simply delivering something as important as a knew seattle seahawks jersey.

we have heard from constituents and local businesses about integrated solutions to existing problems while a wants to develop knew markets using unmanned aerial system technology. unfortunately many of us testing overseas and were unable to receive the appropriate permission from us regulators in a timely a timely fashion. american engineers and manufactures will lead the way if the -- if we given the opportunity, and i hope this panel can take the input and help us move forward on how to do that. the small unmanned system rule proposed by the faa in february is an important step forward, but technological advancement will not slow down as we determine how to address the new a set of challenges. for the most part these challenges come in maintaining the safety of airspace, the safety of people and property on the ground. the faa includes a robust

analysis of commercial unmanned aerial systems, cost benefits, concerns. there are issues there are issues that remain about noncommercial users in the recreational community. the number of pilots reporting near misses with these unmanned systems around airports at altitudes well above 400 feet speaks to the existing problem which will only grow as technology becomes more available. it is something i am sure there will be explored today also good news for safety be his unmanned systems have the potential to save lives. thanks thanks to have

inspecting powerlines or assessing damage after a fire could all be aided by these technology solutions. according to the department of labor 4400 workers died on the job in 2013. not all could have been prevented by unmanned systems but we have a responsibility to continue to improve worker safety, and some tasks could be performed in other ways. ways. many commercial unmanned systems that the faa has already approved offer uses that promote worker safety. the faa just advanced an interim policy a blanket certification in section 3333 would streamline the process so that 200 85 below

200 feet would be an easier process for people to proceed with technology. i applaud the faa. while we await a final unmanned system role which i am not sure exactly how long it will take. i am sure there will be questions. i want to make sure we're keeping that timeframe in mind. several governments are working hand-in-hand with commercial unmanned system operators to find solutions were businesses can thrive with existing new technology and maintain the safety of airspace while operating. another subject that i like forward to discussing is the issue of privacy including how this new technology will fit into existing privacy laws and how we can protect private citizens and

businesses from this unwanted surveillance. so this is intertwined with larger discussions about data protection and security i hope that we will be able to address these issues today. the chairwoman and i are working together with the chairman of the full community. >> i want to thank senator cantwell and most of all welcome our panel of witnesses today and thank you for being here and for taking the time to talk about this important topic before this committee the us up to is up to have associate administrator for safety at the federal aviation administration. >> i would like to thank the

chair and ranking member before beginning my testimony i would like to express my condolences. we are here today to discuss the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems are you asn to the national airspace system as technology continues to advance the challenge is to develop a regulatory framework. since the reauthorization act we have made progress.

we have an aggressive research program that leverages the assets of partners and industry to overcome the largest barriers to you asn integration such as detection and avoid technology. the 6th test sites we selected are fully operational and have established the research agendas. the technical center is receiving data from test sites that will help answer key questions about how unmanned aircraft can interface with air-traffic control. the tech. the tech center is working closely to identify data it will be most useful. to facilitate commercial to facilitate commercial integration we have issued over 60 exemptions under section 333. these operations these operations do not pose a risk to others operating, the general public, or

national security and can be safely conducted by ua us. we have warned -- we have learned a lot and are working hard to increase efficiency and decrease processing time. they will be able to conduct flights for commercial purposes. we have issued 176 airworthiness for civil ua us operations 34 of which are active today. these approvals facilitate research and development crew training, and market surveys. last last month we proposed a rule that would allow retain the -- routine use without an airworthiness certificate. the proposed rule would cover many potential small uas operation and offer a flexible framework for the safe use of systems will accommodating future

innovation. with this proposal the united states would have one of the most flexible frameworks in the world. as operations increase we are reaching out to educate the public on the safe and responsible use of uas. they provided guidance on the do's and don'ts of safe operation partnering with members of the industry and modeling community to initiate the know before you fly campaign for safe and responsible uas operation and are working to position law enforcement to deter detect, investigate and report unauthorized operations. our 1st action is to educate about compliance when appropriate we we will and have use administrative or legal enforcement action. we are looking beyond that rulemaking to identify additional types of

operations and what technologies we may need to certify. enabling with the highest societal benefits. these we will result in an additional focus areas that will become the plans for integration. we must ensure resources are directed to areas with the highest safety risk. expanding with the uas industry to improve safety and streamline certification. we are developing a knew advisory circular to inform the industry how to use risk-based decision-making to establish certification criteria which is essential for enabling the potential for larger uas for operation. the faa is safely integrating uas and we continue to look to the future to make sure the proper framework and standards are in place to

facilitate safely integrating. we look forward to continuing to work with partners in government, the aviation community and this committee. this concludes my statement and i look forward to answering your questions. >> thank you very much. i would like to introduce mr. john morris junior. the associate administrator for the office of policy analysis and development at the national telecommunications administration or in tia. thank you for being here. [inaudible] >> on. okay. let's start over. chairman ranking member, members of the subcommittee, thank you for the ability to testify.

the use of commercial and private unmanned aircraft systems or uas. in tia our focus is not on the aircraft systems but on increasing broadband access adoption them expanding opportunities and ensuring the internet remains an engine for continued innovation and economic growth. increasingly internet policy work has focused on enhancing consumer privacy in order to strengthen the trust and consumer adoption of new and evolving technologies. the critical development is through the multi- stakeholder approach. in this model stakeholders work together to reach consensus on best practices and codes of conduct that can be implemented in the marketplace.

stakeholders can include private industry, consumer groups, industry, consumer groups, academics, and others with an interest. (transparent, and consensus -based. we are not a regulator in this area that february presidential memorandum calls to convene a multi- stakeholder process. crafting best practices seeking public input on this public structure and the

substantive issues that stakeholders will discuss. framing the discussions including what they enable commercial services raise the most pressing privacy challenges what best practices would mitigate privacy challenges while supporting innovation what information should commercial ua us operators make public and how best that should be made public. importantly are they're different policy issues raised by different aircraft sizes and different commercial uses. comment from these and other questions, and we expect to convene the 1st public meeting later this spring. ntia will use the comments

to establish an efficient and effective structure. we encourage individuals and entities with interest in these issues to submit comments and will encourage them to participate. we hope that stakeholders will work collaboratively to address the challenges posed by commercial and private ua us use. pleased to contribute to ensure the integration takes into account not only public safety and economic competitiveness by the privacy and civil liberties issues that these systems may raise. thank thank you for the opportunity to participate command i like forward operating to have answer your questions. >> i would like to welcome gerald dilling have -- doctor gerald dillingham

thank you. >> thank you. since the 90s uas had operated on a limited basis. as they said to list the potential uses are rapidly expanding. estimated to grow to more than $80 billion. as was justified, step seven taken toward integration. moving forward with immigration.

integrating for commercial purposes. in december 2014 we reported problems with the working relationship and communication between faa and the test site. more recently, officials at faa and some test sites told us that the situation improved because they have made a dedicated effort to work together through activities such as biweekly meetings and information sharing continued coordination will be important and forcing

standard development. with regard to international activities. our work showed a number of countries. regulations in place for a decade or more. common traits and differences. a different legal structure which may allow more flexibility in the development of regulations. second, these 2nd these countries have less general aviation and commercial air traffic much less complex airspace which means there is a lower risk. however, if uas were to

begin flying today under the proposed rules they would operate under restrictions similar to regulations in these four countries with notable exceptions. canada relies more heavily on our risk management approach. going forward the current momentum toward immigration which include the following. they must develop a detailed implementation plan that would identify activities, resources, and schedules which could serve as a means to hold faa countable. accountable. second, they should continue to process the comments it receives as soon as possible. they estimate this process will likely not be completed

until late 2016 3rd they must continue efforts to make the test sites useful including working to identify incentives. in concert with a you a s industry faa should consider expanding the campaign on permissible ends safe operations which could begin to ease public concern about privacy and safety and finally, finally, faa will need to ensure the integration of uas is closely coordinated with the development of the next generation system. thank you. that completes my oral statement. >> thank you, doctor gerald dillingham. i want to welcome professor john villasenor.

professor john villasenor is a nonresident senior fellow at the brookings institution. thank you professor car for car for being here today. >> thank you very much. members of the subcommittee, i appreciate the opportunity to testify on this important topic. among the faculty. the views i am expressing are not necessarily those of the brookings institution stanford the university of california. it it is important to start by acknowledging privacy is a legitimate concern. unmanned aircraft unmanned aircraft systems are making it easy and inexpensive to obtain overhead imagery. both the public and private sectors, mindful of the need to respect privacy, but as the number of users and flights continue to grow sometimes inadvertent --

inadvertently or intentionally uas has been used in ways that violates privacy. to what extent are our current legal frameworks up to the task? i believe existing legal frameworks will provide substantially more protection. that does not mean there is no need for new privacy laws but we must have a full appreciation. the applicable framework for privacy depends in large part on who is making the observations. for uas operated by the government the 4th amendment is key. provided through common law as well as civil and criminal invasion of privacy statutes i we will start with the 4th amendment. it is suggested that because the 4th amendment was ratified over 200 years ago it will not be effective. the technology that the founders goods scarcely have

imagined. i disagree. a review of the supreme court 20th century jurisprudence provides cause for optimism that the 4th amendment proves to be protective. i will mention three notable cases related to technology kemal and i specifically to unmanned aircraft systems. but interestingly, more interestingly there were two concurrences and was the

justices expressed great skepticism about the constitutional concerns, skeptical of the government's behavior and suggested tracking someone for weeks on end with technology without a warrant would raise very serious constitutional concerns. most recently the government, the court ruled against the government. chief justice roberts explained with respect to mobilephone technology now allowing an individual does not make the individual any less worthy of the protection.

and in addition, and affirmative first amendment privilege. however, it ends when it causes invasion of privacy. privacy. there are common law and statutory frameworks. in closing i would like to emphasize the importance of first amendment rights and consistency. viewed solely through the lens of privacy it would be protected. peaceful demonstrations might be told they are not permitted to have -- to use a uas to film a demonstration. enclosing without in any way demonstrating -- diminishing the importance it is key.

not is that it -- statutory text but instead in constitutional text. kelly forward to your questions. thank you. >> thank you, professor. i want to welcome mr. teeeight vice mr. paul misener, vice president of global public policy at amazon incorporated. >> thank you chairwoman and ranking member for your attention to this important topic. a future service that will deliver packages flying below 500 feet and weighing less than 55 pounds. take advantage of sense and avoid technology. to ensure safe automation including a distance of 10 miles or more. conducting outdoor r&d

flight testing. testing abroad is required. nowhere outside of the united states have we been required to wait more than one or two months before testing. rapidly perfect designs without being required to continually obtain approvals it's going well and we are pleased with the progress that testing has enabled. no country in which we now have distribution facilities have adopted rules. in addition to our testing we are working with agencies to develop appropriate rules such rules must allow applications to take advantage of the core capability of technology to fly with minimal human involvement beyond visual line of sight. safety is the top priority of amazon.

i am delighted to report that these aviation authorities are enthusiastically pursuing regulatory frameworks and operational rules. the approach is eminently reasonable. simple and performance-based american commercial entities want to innovate and perfect technology, and t@american commercial entities want to innovate and perfect technology, and to do so we must conduct testing. a large indoor facility in downtown seattle. but we need to satisfy and test designs outdoors. we are grateful for granting permission to conduct testing. this this approval came last thursday, and we are eager to get flying here as abroad. however, it is even more

limited than the rules applicable in the united states. moreover obtaining permission took far too long the good news while the faa was considering we don't test it anymore and have moved on to more advanced designs. last friday we asked the faa up -- for permission and are hopeful that this permission will be granted quickly. although the united states is catching up to permitting current commercial uis testing the united states remains behind in planning for future commercial you a s operations. they are grateful for the newly released in prm but it does not go far enough. the faa is not adequately

addressing applications that involve highly automated applications. the rules should permit operations beyond visual line of sight and how enabling technologies should be evaluated. this is not this is not to suggest regulators here or abroad can adopt rules beyond visual line of sight. that may take time. regulators should regulators should propose frameworks and rules for future commercial operations now. because the because the united states remains behind in planning for fertile operations one must assume that congress must step in. the fact is that with few exceptions the agency has adequate statutory authority what what they need is an but us. any impetus given by, embraced by the faa should result in the agency commencing to plan and develop rules for operations that encompass highly

automated place beyond visual line of sight. in conclusion i look forward to working with you and your subcommittee and the faa to ensure important services become available safely and soon and look forward to your questions. >> thank you. i would you. i would like to welcome mr. jeff vanderwerff. >> thank you. my name is jeff vanderwerff, and i am a farmer from michigan. i farm with my family raising corn, wheat soybeans and apples. i am a 4th generation farmer i am responsible for

day-to-day activities and operations is a farmer who uses precision agriculture i am here to discuss potential benefits and pitfalls of unmanned aircraft systems for my farm in michigan. last summer last summer i attended a demonstration that included unmanned aircraft. the demonstration concluded with an explanation of the images and data. i walked away knowing that this was the next step in evolution of precision agriculture on my farm. i rely heavily on data to produce accurate information critical to the day-to-day business decisions i make which affect yield, environmental impact and the economic viability of my operation. using an using an unmanned aircraft has the potential to provide me with an accurate tool.

one take away i had was its ability to provide detailed scouting information. currently i spent 12 hours a week. while this method is effective, it is not efficient. using an unmanned aircraft would allow me to address threats quicker and more importantly before they develop into significant or potentially catastrophic problems. reducing environmental impact is another significant benefit of using unmanned aircraft. the imagery allows me to spot treat sections as opposed to watering or spring an entire spraying an entire field. images will allow me to identify specific locations for a specific treatment that is necessary which allows me to eliminate the need to use these applications more broadly.

by spot treating threats i not only lower the cost of treatment but have the potential of lowering the environmental impact. this technology this technology has the potential to be another tool in the toolbox there are certainly pitfalls we need to discuss. the privacy and security is concerning. if an individual operator follows the applicable rules on his or her farming operation is still concerned that regulatory agencies are one of the numerous operations that target agriculture. the biggest fear that farmers face is that 3rd parties, including the united states government can gain access to data and use it against us. questions abound about who owns and controls the data we generate. does the farmer that own the data generated.

do either tenant or my landlord on that data? again, this will be an important addition but it is critical the data remain under the ownership and control of the farmer and is not available to government agencies without permission. in conclusion we are glad to see the federal aviation administration introduced proposed rulemaking. farm bureau is in the process of developing comments. it is it is our hope that farmers and ranchers will be able to secure rights to use uas. i thank i thank you for the opportunity today and look forward to answering your questions. >> thank you, mr. kaytoo. i want to thank our panelists and would like to direct my 1st question to miss gilligan.

what i wanted to ask you about was, with this new area of rulemaking by the faa and implementation how do we plan how does the agency plan to fund this effort? and i saw that there is confirmation of cost recovery. $5 to register an unmanned aircraft. knowledge and test of operators. so is that going to cover the resources that you need going forward in an expanding area given that we have other areas including implementing the airspace. >> sen., at senator, at this time the faa has absorbed a lot of the cost of beginning the implementation process of bringing uas into the airspace. we have pending some

additional growth in personnel as well as research and development dollars and facilities and equipment dollars. as as we identify requirements we may be making additional requests and obviously we would hope that the congress will support that as well. >> so this will be self-funded? in other words, the fees that people pay that want to do this will find this within the faa or not? >> at this time the notice of proposed rulemaking does not suggest it funds the entire program. those fees you identified are to offset the cost of those particular elements. in terms of finalizing the rulemaking and providing safety oversight and issuing approvals as we do with manned operations now, we do not charge fees. and we would at this.provide services to the industry as

well. >> okay. can i follow up on the issue as i understand the proposed rule that prohibits operation. we allow other types of aircraft to go over people. what was the thinking and is it a perceived dangerousness or is this something that you anticipate looking at and addressing in the next reiteration of rules? >> and the also we are talking about vehicles not designed against standards which is different from what we have for manned vehicles because of that we are looking at how to mitigate that risk. one of the limitations is to mitigate. we have asked for comment

and will be looking at whether and how we can best balance. because we're checking about integrating systems that are out designer manufactured we think it is a risk that needs to be addressed. >> so as you hear this and with the issues you have raised where do you see this issue going forward? and if you could help address some of the concerns >> thank you, senator. what has been done is fine as far as it goes and it really needs to go further. it is coming. i assure you you that it is coming quickly.

the fact the fact that we are not proposing rules or framework for rules is lamentable. we ought to move ahead now. >> thank you. how do you address the concerns that were raised in terms of the pace with which the faa is going forward to issue these rules in light of international competitors? >> we agree that we need to and are working or focusing on the areas of operation to authorizing operations beyond visual line of sight. there are challenges including the need to address the issue of what we call sense and avoid. we have pilots with the regulatory responsibility to see and avoid other traffic. there are issues around the command-and-control system and assuring that there is a standard that will assure a

level of a level of safety. we have a number of initiatives underway. our tca is working on standards which involve the industry. we have another subgroup that is looking at beyond line of sight. that will be the next focus area, but it is far more complex and one where we don't yet have technology standards established. we expect to get those over the next year or so. >> i thank you. i we will have follow-up questions. >> thank you, chairwoman. with this and term rule does rule, does that set us on par with the europeans? >> we are in a different place. as was indicated for the

number of locations where they are able to authorize different types of operations they have much less general aviation so we are faced with additional challenges. what we have authorized today is as we are issuing exemptions under section three the operator will be able to immediately operate as long as it is below 200 feet. they must go to the air traffic organization and identify the airspace so that we can assure safe separation of the unmanned system. we believe this is increasing the flexibility that we can give. >> i don't know if you have input on that.

are we always going to be behind the europeans? >> i think -- i would not say we are behind. when you talk about the gps system the us and europeans are working hand-in-hand to try to harmonize. with regard to ua us because of the differences between the us and foreign countries in terms of say japan for one of the differences is the farmer owns the airspace above his

land, so there is a different perspective. moving forward the us working with the international aviation community we will in fact maintain our position as aeronautical leaders. one of the one of the things i said in my statement is if we were to implement the notice of proposed rulemaking now we would be on par with foreign countries. however countries. however, we are probably 16 to 18 months away from doing that. it is it is going to be that kind of back and forth. there are reasons for it. faa should be congratulated for moving to the.that it is

>> thank you, senator. it is true that we are on par one rules get adopted for operations. where operations. where we lag behind is planning for the future. a high degree of automation is coming. the europeans are getting ready. we are not so much. >> i i wonder, skill again a couple of things that we have done by congress in partnership with the faa is to create these centers of excellence on things that we do not quite understand whether it is composite, lightweight manufacturing materials on products like the 787. the same center of excellence in existence in the lead on biofuels.

do we need one of these centers of excellence to help the faa of the technical on the technical side get the answers in advance so that as the market continues to develop those questions are being addressed? >> yes command we have good support from congress. we were given additional appropriations for the purposes of establishing a center of excellence. that process is underway and are under review. the administrators challenges us to do that sooner. in part because we see not only at the test sites but can frame the technology issues and get the best minds in academia. >> that last phrase is key. >> thank you, senator.

>> thank you chairwoman. the faa guidelines for how would like to go through them and asked for your comments. a drawn must weigh less than 55 pounds 500400 feet the visual line of sight not interfere with manned aircraft operation or fly near an airport but there appears to be no space limit for recreational drones prohibit the flying over people. what are we doing at the 400-foot and lower level. >> the notice is directed toward operators who would want to be in commercial operation which we do not

authorize at all. hobbyists are in accordance with the reauthorization bill and are overseen by what we call a community standard. we are working with the association to serve in that function. they have a set of operating expectations for members which will be -- >> will they have the force of law? >> again, it was again, it was specifically set forward that it should be a community standard. >> is preemption at play? in other words a mayor can decide to use a a sandy -- city or county park how they wish. you can say no golfing, frisbee, dogs. they have jurisdiction over the land going to the professor's testimony.

did we just preempt local decision-makers from making choices with respect to where recreational drones are allowed in where they are not? >> the congress has preempted authority for the airspace to the federal government for quite a long time. the faa is a sole entity responsible for the airspace which we consider from the ground to as high as aircraft operates. >> i just want to be clear. there would be no prohibition on flying a 54 pounds drawn 10 feet above a ball field as fast as you want because it is preempted, because our statute preempt a local decision maker from deciding what is allowable and what is not.

>> i i would have to ask our lawyers to check the reading of law, but more importantly there are a tremendous number of people using these vehicles for recreational purposes. that is that is why we are doing outreach that we are doing. providing information in the packaging so that people who buy these understand they have a responsibility. >> did you want to comment? i was taken by your sighting of the 1964 supreme court case. it is obvious that he must have exclusive control. it seems to me if they cease to have full control over the land it is an open

question? >> we are being forced to figure out what we could afford. no one would reasonably argue that i have i have the right to stop united airlines from flying over my property. it is clear that there is preemption. the challenge clearly it does not include the airspace 2 inches above the ground in my backyard. >> do you think that this should be articulated? my concern is if we try to take a specific limit control of 2100 feet you almost invite people to sit outside that limit. in that sense it is better to have these be general in terms of reasonable

expectation of privacy. >> and the courts -- that has worked well. >> one final question with your indulgence. should we be treating model aircraft and drowns synonymously? some of the policy infrastructure did not really envision drowns as they are emerging. when i here model aircraft i don't picture of 54-pound object moving at 100 miles per hour. maybe i am still catching up myself. >> will we are seeing as you highlighted the people many people buying unmanned systems are not what we would historically have considered modelers, generally aviators. they wanted to experiment with the physics of flight.

working hard to make them understand that they have aviation responsibilities to go beyond. this authority that they want to use. >> there is no requirement for an operator by training nor is the requirement vehicles are safe. how will the issues be addressed in the future. >> on the issue of air worthiness. there was no need for an airworthiness certificate. speedway and location of operation.

provide the limitation consistent with the statute in such a way that we thought it met the expectation that they would not be a need for airworthiness. i'm sorry. i forget the other one. >> the operator, airworthiness of the equipment. >> testing requirement. it is different from the private pilot requirement. they will not have to manipulate the aircraft. in order to in order to pass the test it will be necessary to be -- to receive education in the standards of operating in the airspace. we believe the testing requirement will assure people are accountable. we've asked for comment. >> thank you very much. let me change topics. uae us over long distances

or at least existing cell towers that conversation, are we recognizing the considerable technological hurdles that are out there? and other telecommunication companies prepared for this task? >> senator we really are at the very beginning of the development around the commercial aviation. i am honestly not thoroughly familiar with the use of cell towers in connection. that is something that we would need to get back to you want. >> i would welcome that. let me shift. you said this in your testimony. i was not here to hear it. i would be glad to here about uas.

i wanted to ask you a specific question about how necessary beyond light of site operations prior cultural purposes. >> thank you for the question. one of the panelists spoke about the use by the japanese and some of the uses in the asian countries using these in ways far beyond what we are now. not only for scouting but for application of nutrients, things of that nature many of which are be online of such control. presently our line of said control, i we will say command to some of the other points that have been made safety features are extremely redundant. once that exceeds the prescribed distance it automatically turns to the geosynchronous.at which it started.

specified elevation. if you lose control it comes back to where started from. it is not like these leave your line of sight and go buzzing around the countryside. they return to where they started from based on the geosynchronous information put in when launched. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. >> thank you, madam chair. i am aware of the many beneficial uses, including spotting wildfires examining cross monitoring traffic. while there are benefits, there are also risks of misuse. these 21st century eyes and the skies should not become spies in the sky. today just as we have rules of the road we we will need rules for the sky as well. i believe i believe that we can achieve both, protect

privacy and give like to this new technology that we will bring jobs and economic growth to our country. unfortunately today when it comes to privacy protection for the american people we're flying blind flying at potentially spying robots sound like science fiction, but they are a reality right now. the technology is getting cheaper and more accessible. this drawn here has two cameras that can be easily purchased. online for only $100. two cameras flying over everyone's house in the united states. the faa has given exemptions to nearly 50 commercial 50 commercial operators and announced today it is planning to exploit the process so that drones can fly in the national airspace with no clear privacy rules. today operators are allowed to collect whatever information they want about

you and i and can then use or sell that information however they choose which is why earlier this month i introduced the drone aircraft privacy and transparency act which requires one commercial drone operator to disclose what data they have collected, how that it is used command and whether the data will be sold and when the data will be deleted if at all. number two, law enforcement obtain a a warrant before using drones except in emergency circumstances and, three the faa must create a publicly available website that lists where and when drones fly. ..

>> >>. >> would i be able to find out the data they have collected? if i see it flying over my house do i call the faa and you provided the data over what you saw over the backyard? train wreck it currently does not collect that information. >> can i find out who owes our operates the drone that was flying over by house

and? directory to keep records about what airspace there publicly unable to operate subic is on the public gawps -- operating right now? remarkable you so we also release in response to the foia request for court of north you can access it from the ipad here today. >> is somebody sees it outside their window in their filming family members in the backyard right now handed individual could call or go to a website to find out who owned the drone of? river we have the information who has been authorized to use in what airspace whether or not that was authorized i cannot tell you right now but it is to is authorize those records

are available. >> our people authorized you just filled with families in the backyard? to read their purpose is not what we keep track of. >> that goes to the privacy issue. if their children are filled with what can we do to protect that family of the nefarious individuals now trying to take advantage of absence of privacy rules him if that is why you have begun the initiative and taking the lead that was described earlier. >> but in the absence of federal laws bistros with cameras just fly over backyards of people all over the country in reedy to put a strong and forcible was some of the books that

insurer ordinary information gathered from the americans is collected in potentially sold university and it is

important for you to be here as well if you look at the applications of the drones in the economic benefit in the agricultural sector when we can see the most significant increases of productivity. you mentioned it your testimony but i know farming has changed dramatically over the years and i groupon the tractors they look like gps systems in geographic information of them but you talk about the ways that they can help with productivity. can you quantify that given

the equipment that you have now? been rethinking for the question. the benefits will the individual branches are not specific to anyone from cattle ranchers in the western united states to find herds of cattle over distances or to crop growers had no if you have been in a commercial apple orchard but if you are rows of trees 12 feet high over 10 city blocks you can amuse yourself and the equipment very greatly in it allows us to have a bird's-eye view to identify issues. where we are most excited the potential of is to be able to fly over a cornfield

and look through the lynns for infrared light signatures coming off the crop to identify weeds or plant stress so a patch of grass give soft but in a different signature then soybeans rather than having to walk the entire field or apply the herbicide and i can make the determination the fit is viable looking at how water shortages behalf friends is in nebraska and kansas are extremely excited they don't have to place to apply water with irrigation in they can fly the uav to map that he signature and apply water when and how it is needed. it will revolutionize even more of the agricultural

industry we year is currently a and will continue to make us the most competitive their cultural country of the planet civic those regulations that limit those operations will not work for you? >> it is a challenge right now. it is of matter if you're in though western united states might decide to is a long way you're limited to how sharper i is the mine may be only a few hundred feet to that is where the capabilities are so relevant to take your biped to swipe the pattern that you want to fly the aircraft it will fly the pattern in and only

ended i cannot load the data and have their right there. the 80th pick overfly of vital to do their return is exciting the technology is there it is just if we allow it to exist. i believe we can do with safely and effectively but the technology falls ever faster. >> the fda has mentioned 60 exemptions that was granted for agriculture operations high interest than there are 600 petitions pending for courage you have any plans do streamline the petition process similar to those that have already been granted like the importance of the agriculture? >> we are learning lessons

as we go through the process. today we issued 10 additional approvals in the process we call a summary grand prix can look up the petition if it is similar enough to was that we have fully analyzed and put out for public comment we don't need to repeat that process and we believe we can handle these more quickly because there are certain pockets that they fall and the unique ones will have to do a more complete analysis but to the extent we can we are trying to of think the new applications with decisions we have already made for streamlining. today we issued the of certificate of authorization to hundred feet and above if they cannot meet the initial blow to a hundred feet they do not have to get additional a proposal that

will shorten the process. three have a dedicated team that are getting more efficient as we learn as rigo so we're trying to move these petitions as quickly as we can. >> that will help those of agricultural uses. thank you. >> the warehouse was that drone a commercial vehicle? >> space back the airplane problem we had our those commercial? >> not in those cases. >> has any of the six viding -- exciting draw is happening? so we need to distinguish between commercial operations in the private use. i'm happy is he recalled the

spring up private use have you given permission in to fly over large crowds of people? to read that is an issue. and a little upset because it seems like when it comes to government moving at the speed of innovation biologics or the backlog we are slowing this country where innovation is going on overseas had been extraordinary pace and we are being left behind. is you talk about the revolutionary impact a loving drones' it to be used on agriculture but that is happening overseas right now as we speak our cultural competitors are investing in this technology. >> that is correct. >> this is what is hard for

every to believe the slowness with which we are moving his the actual aviation industry was regulated back in the time of the wright brothers we may have first in-flight people would fly a commercial planes before we even got the aviation industry started over here. it is frustrating to be above to novell last week about amazon to test outdoors but it was a limited fashion that still puts america in the back seat compared to where you're allowed to do in other countries with those sensational articles or nothing like that is happening with the experiments you we're doing to address technology. >> yes, sir, although i will say the faa has turned a corner where things are getting better with respect to testing their not getting

better to plan for the future. >> let the record show you officially sucked up to the faa. [laughter] they will look at your application kindly. describes the work amazon is doing in other countries. that is a better way to ask is with the faq for witnessing that. what we're doing is more flexible we are lolling to innovate quickly in ways that we have not yet been allowed. the jury is out if this system was set up from the grants of last week will work. i will because they feel they are motivated to get us going we just have not been able to do with yet and we hope to do with psalms. >> the dedicated professionals have no pecuniary interest to say the racing's they are incredibly committed so in

my comments is in a way as the administrator i would say you have some constraints on how well you were able to move because exceptions are too slow with that narrow application if they're lucky to be granted the exemptions so what steps can we take to strengthen in your ability to issue exemptions more broadly in less time? >> our administrators also interested in looking at how we can take full advantage of whatever authorities we have to work with the committee to broaden those. there is technical assistance between the staff to look to these issues to see what more can be done and we will support the committee as we review these issues. >> can you issue exemptions

beyond line of sight? >> we have the authority to issue those if we could make the safety case the dilemma we face is beyond visual line of sight we don't have technology standards to evaluate if we can permit that to occur. >> it would be great to have a private drone hearing because there are a lot of issues about anybody getting a drone but the commercial folks to act responsibly are being held back compared to global competitors stick a curious stowe very good points which uses of drones to make sure we are claire if the abuse is happening.

>> i appreciate the comments i have heard raising more questions and in answers. i come from the state of montana that values privacy kashmiri we have different privacy expectations perhaps there bordure been areas and that is why people like to live in states like montana i have also been talking to the legislature who was a drought -- who will address these at the state level. this relates to you the faa certainly we commend the faa for taking national certification with the air worthiness aspects in the notice of proposed rulemaking but they do have concerns about the privacy aspect associate with the remote the piloted aircraft

many are not used commercially as we were distinguishing between sort not subjected to the proposed rule making. does the faa think there is an appropriate role for the local regulation for the hobby use and what a - - rate they be christ of liquid would have a position of local control but as of the last reauthorization congress gave very clear direction in to allow model and hobbyist without additional regulatory restraints. we are working with the model community for community standards in the american bottlers association is taking a lead to provide information and how they can properly operate safely to remain recreational users of the

technology. >> what is your opinion as a professional? you think there would be allowed the states to have an ability to regulate the non-commercial use? to rick we're always concerned about local regulation is that a fact the national airspace. >> we do need a national asset and those who operate abroad to the need to know what occurs in one location is consistent with another location. i am not sure how a state or local entity could carve some staying out to address a recreational users. they may be able to but we want to look closely. >> i you know, for folks back home to concede the

value to find any of moscow we have more cows than people but you question who owns and controls the data and an example used with a contractor potentially being able to share or sell the data with the outside parties including the federal government is chilling. what is the best means to regulate this data or how do we ensure enforcement? >> wed we speak about the issue of data privacy i guess i would refer you to the overall students with american farm bureau in terms of data privacy. we are concerned about what is collected whether epa or third-party environmental

groups there and we believe that data belongs to the farmers that created it in there should have the right to determine who can use that data in for what purposes. [inaudible] thoughts about insurance in force meant? >> i would refer that to the full written comments with proposals and i would have to get back to you steve because it the nt i a explored ownership? >> from the very beginning we put out a request for comment and i expect one of the issues raised willoughby ownership. we are not in a position to affect the legal rules but in terms to look at best practices to be concerned

that is the topic that will be discussed in the process spec senator heller? >> faq. '01 two think the witnesses for being here with your expertise apologize not be on time. i apologize if my question is overlap a little bit above with like to address something that senator broker was talking about with agriculture's coming from a farm the selfie failed to mention fertilizing but all the things you were talking about i want to stress is innovation rather in

european nations and countries are being used today. >> correct. >> nevada was designated one of the six of unmanned air system test sites. we have great facilities we are grateful for that. in fact, we had a test recently with the governor of one of these unmanned air systems it was a great experience to be a part of that to see what they're doing with that particular facility but here is the concern but the technology cannot be successful if it is the bird. with regulations time-consuming approval process and that is the complaint i am hearing today.

no doubt there is privacy issues they have to overcome and i give you credit for that hard work but these first steps of testing has become very restrictive and i think it will dissuade a lot of people from using these tests sites devoting the resources necessary. so my question is if the a -- if they was not required by law to integrate drones into the airspace would you work on it as well? and click yes we do have those who want to use certified their vehicles and we are building a set of standards that they want to meet. we did have this exemption process an airline could apply for a human to we are

mindful it is a growing industry and we want to be able to support it but we want to identify risks are fully mitigated. >> i guess the concern is the process seems to inhibit testing as opposed to expanding its. technology where other countries have clearly moved far beyond what we're able to do. the hoops they have to jump through the every tournament to change the design it takes months to get that new design approved. if they do a test and they want to test the same design in a different manner they have to jump through all these whole -- troops and it

takes months for approval. and just doesn't foster innovation and. and just hearing that frustration i will just give them one riches to push back on the faa. [laughter] you said last week it your testimony the approval for amazon was the model that was already an outdated what will it take for you to do the work you're trying to achieve? >> i think it is recognition in that these are different aircraft that they are used to dealing with. relate to tweeting and move quickly recall it is a regime to make changes all time. we're almost to the spot where we can do that domestically it has just taken a long time to get here but we are not planning for the future where drones

could fly beyond visual sight we're not planning like the europeans and we should be. >> something unprecedented has happened. i was designated my little bit of seniority. >> congratulations period with a hearing on stouros. [laughter] very exciting for the record i am in charge you are pretty cool for someone who wished to usa. [laughter] -- usc i never thought i would agree with a georgian as much but i would like to do another round of questioning. i just want to finish up with a couple questions to

the associate administrator administrator, mccann the faa make a commitment looking into how we can begin safely testing and researching the out of sight ability? that is of big concern that puts a significant barrier to our ability to push the bounds of what is possible. >> their risk that is introduced with beyond visual sight that the vehicle itself cannot sense and avoid right now with the man's system we have the pilot who plays that rule. the rtc a worse as the industry group to design standards for since and avoid was we have those we can put that forward to determine how we can

properly allow for those extended operations. >> under section 323 what he had said about a large farm with no people or other aircraft in the area could you understand the exception might be one worthy were collisions could be lower and other countries are using a out of line of site operations in agriculture? >> correct civic read your message to the united states catching up to that? to make it could make the safety case exception of a water the other operations in the area? we have a very active committee also a man did agriculture committee to have their own concerns with

strows operating in their same airspace. ready to understand the risks some egregious feel like germany and france are all being far more risky than taking unnecessary risks while we are much more cautious. >> i do know they have far less general aviation in any of their airspace they have a less complex system generally so their risks are differently i assume that they address that appropriately. >> so for those areas where real don't have crowded airspace like the apple orchards of certain states or new jersey is not such a state but those out west could you see as making more exceptions to those geographic areas without a complex air