a an alarming picture of what undocumented college students are facing in our country today. there is a tremendous amount of juggling in the lives of these young folk. our data suggests that 61.3% of undocumented students are coming from families living on an annual household income of less than $30,000 a year. 72% of them were working while attending college taxing heavily their ability to succeed academically. ..

work and stability. among the students who reported stopping their studies temporarily and 73.9% indicated financial difficulties the primary course for stopping now of college.

72% -- 72% of those who were working reported complications from having to juggle long hours at work difficult and stable commutes and their study him and often felt left out to life in their own experiences. i study also found that more than three quarters of the students reported significant word about their own detention

and deportation. more than 55% indicated that they personally i know someone who has been deported, including a parent in 5% 7% of the cases or a sibling and 3.2% of the cases. one of the most alarming things in the study given to the subject, the combination of financial hardship and fear of deportation created a perfect, perfect psychosocial storm of stress and anxiety. undocumented women college students reported the rates that triple the norm of the general population.

37% versus 9%. that is about the clinical level. the males in the sample had anxiety rates five times higher than the norm population. 29% versus 4% being the cut rate for clinical levels of anxiety. adding to the stress, the majority of the subjects 67.6% were first generation to college with neither parent having attended schools. these are the anxiety attacks.

that's very critical chapter in the origins of totalitarianism talks about what happens in a democracy when subjects lose the right to have rights. children, youth comic emerging adults huge, huge numbers and the longing to belong. on average, the emerging adults in our study arrived in the united states when they were six years of age. when felicia said this is the only country they know, this is in fact correct. the children are de facto

non-bayshore american children in the most fundamental identity clusters that faith are phenomenon of experience, our sense of who we are. they are american in all aspects. indeed an overwhelming 90.4% of respondents reported they would become u.s. citizens if given the chance. they report a relatively high levels of civic engagement in ways that are not often registered by our standard mechanisms for assessing civic comportment and civic engagement

in the social sciences. of course, the young folks in the study face real insurgency him and him and him i will now turn it over to robert and will address direct the policy issues relating to higher education institutions serving the students. thank you very much. [applause] him and him

>> i discuss some of the finance of the student level. i will focus the results relevant to policy. a very important contribution of the study is its ability to represent the remarkable heterogeneity in the undocumented student population. so undocumented students are black white, latino asian-american and pacific islander. the representing positions among the full spectrum of the socioeconomic status. they also have a range of immigration history. as marcelo mentioned originating from 55 countries of origin, speaking a wide range of variety of languages and dialects. every type of post secondary institution. we have respondents from two-year institutions, for your

institutions, public and private institutions and again as marcelo mentioned colleges that range inactivity. the demographic portrait of undocumented students who responded to the survey tells us to think that i think are very important. first, no college or university should assume that these issues are not relevant to their campus community. second the hired community needs to the beyond the false assumptions that often drive their understanding and treatment of this population. we focused some of our analysis on the impact of higher education, so we were very fortunate to correct data at a point after daca has been implemented and students had it for a year, year and a half. it afforded us the opportunity to get a sense of what happens for students with and without

daca. it is important to acknowledge that daca does not do anything explicitly for college students. so we were interested in the indirect benefits limitations and the opportunity for pushing the boundaries of what daca can do relative to access and opportunity in higher education. so, we found one key benefit of daca with the ability to afford undocumented college students that they were permitted. so that daca recipients were more likely than non-recipients to be working. this resulted in greater financial well-being for undocumented students. not only did additional income help offset the cost of college daca recipients reported that their jobs were more commensurate with their future career aspirations. we are also interested in daca

on access to internships. many internship providers have residency restrictions. this has been a barrier for undocumented college students. and we found that students with daca were twice as likely to have an internship experience compared to students without daca. over three quarters of the students with internships reported experiences provided skills that prepare them for future work. this is important considering a number of students reported that internships were actually a prerequisite for careers in their field. we also found that more than half of the students with internships received compensation and again this is important for overcoming barriers associated with college affordability. a large proportion of the respondents reported being commuter students.

more than three quarters of the students. this may transportation and housing, particularly feeling issues when it comes to their ability to succeed academically. we found it is what daca were more likely to have drivers licenses. they have shorter commute times and they spent more time on campus. we also found daca enables students to more stable housing. if you think about that as a college student these are very important elements to the ability of students to be able to focus on their studies. the data also revealed a greater sense of optimism for college. one indicator with a higher proportion of daca recipients during an advanced degree compared to the non-recipients. however, it is important to acknowledge the negative consequences that the provisional nature of daca. open-ended questions, students

talked about being cautiously optimistic about their futures because they were sure if they were ever going to fully realize some of their goals. so this is a good segue to the other side of the success story when it comes to daca. namely there are limitations to what daca could do. barriers and challenges continue to impede access to higher education for documented students. there is a lot of discussion about college affordability when it comes to undocumented students. this continues to be a major barrier that impacts access and success for undocumented students. the undocumented students are dealing with ambiguous policies, a lack of information and inconsistencies in how institutions determine tuition

and financial aid. for example while some states have established inclusive tuition policies other states have explicit exclusionary policies. however, what this chart shows is that most states have absolutely on stipulated tuition policies. so this is important because the difference between out-of-state and in-state tuition is very large. average out-of-state tuition is about $23,000 a year and that is more than double the typical in-state tuition of about $9000 a year. regardless in-state tuition policies there's also the institutional level. one example of how this plays out is when undocumented students they apply to a college and then they are treated as an international student, which automatically gives them tuition levels that are different than what would be experienced for in-state

residents. so this presents him and him and him what information is tried, where they can go to seek out information about tuition, policies and access to aid and whether or not the information is accurate. so it is not a static -- this information is not static. it is always evolving and changing. in addition to confusion ambiguity and a lack of information about tuition policy, there's also issues with access to aid. so we found that this is actually more of a challenge for students at two-year institutions. they are more likely to have to pay out of pocket. however, it is important to know that undocumented students attending two-year and four-year institutions are not getting access to loans. so i want to talk a little bit

about implications and i am looking forward to the discussion during the panel. we think that there's opportunities to explore further how we can push the limits of what daca can do, specifically in higher education. for example government agencies should evaluate how daca is relevant to programs that promote employment opportunities. internships, certification and access to different forms of aid second higher education associations should be proud line providers of information and resources for their constituents. this will help resolve the challenges associated with ambiguous information a lack of consistent messaging and the need for more advocates in the field. third, philanthropy should partner with scholarship providers and the higher

education community to provide more funding opportunities for cost and access to aid is one of the biggest barriers for college students these days generally and the particularly challenge for undocumented students. finally, we would like to see corporations review their recruitment and hiring practices and improve access to internships, fellowships and other career opportunities. so this is a potential space for developing private public partnerships for the government can work with the private sector to create better academic and career pipeline for daca students. this is critical for fields like stand or we have a shortage of talent among students of color women in low income students. so, we are looking forward to the discussion. we think that the findings point to a number of recommendations and we are really glad to have both folks interested in

immigration coming together with folks who are doing work in the higher ed field have this dialogue. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much. now i would like to invite our panel after this stage in any seat that you will find most comfortable. i would like to first spoke of dr. porterfield president of franklin and marshall college. he prioritizes in enhancing academic excellence, promoting student success and civic outreach in helping young graduates private life after college. he teaches literal courses dealing with education, social justice. dr. porterfield the dr. porterfield the first administrator in the georgetown when i was a freshman in 2009 and so i'm really excited to have them back as head of the university of pennsylvania where he is doing great things. thank you, dr. porterfield for

being here. the next person i would like to introduce is laura who was seated to my right. or is the coordinator for the dream education program at united we dream and united we dream is the youth organization in the country. war is a native of mexico city en route to the u.s. at the age of four and was raised in washington, a small agricultural rural towns in washington state. growing up laura joined her parents at conferences and packing sheds overture is where family, community and herself work. laura created and participated in that chat, which i was also in a georgetown. and halted the washington dream act coalition and graduated as an outstanding graduate of american cultural studies at western washing and university and her commitment towards educational equity letter to pursue her master's degree at loyola university of chicago. i also went to hs in the schools

we have a lot of connection. she participated in committees to change the policies at loyola. laura dedicates herself to education advocate and it's not advocate and it's not a kid for educational and underrepresented communities. last but not least, a current student at columbia university and currently organizes new jersey for immigrant liberation was sure that the forefront of getting new jersey last year to pass the new jersey dream act under governor christie republican governor. we are really looking forward to sharing experiences and talking about the important issue. give them a round of applause, please. [applause] thank you so much for joining us. i'm really excited to have you all here and talk about the experiences you are all seen at the forefront of everything. we can talk about the studies in the charts, do you i'll have the experience of working with student had been students.

i want to start with catalina because he said he wanted to be a science teacher. you are currently studying to be a science teacher, but you can't do that in new jersey. i was wondering if he could speak about what your experience has been trying to become a teacher. >> thank you. my name is catalina. i am originally from mexico. i was born in mexico when i came to the united states when i was nine. i am undocumented. i am also a daca recipient and i also went to a jesuit school. , just do it. i went to saint peter's university in new jersey and now i am a teacher at university columbia university trying to get a masters in education so i can become a science teacher because i love science and because my degrees in chemistry and i love it. i want to get a lot more kids interested in talking about the s.t.e.m. fields and science. right now it is a little difficult. i am sure not just in new jersey, but other states as well

because the my legal status or lack thereof. i am undocumented and even though i yet may daca recipient daca does not provide me a legal status or a path to a legal status. in new jersey, you have to have at least an hour pr or legal permanent resident status to obtain a professional certificate. in this case teaching. i am not able to teach in new jersey. i started looking somewhere else and so now i am new york and hopefully things work out for me. this is an issue obviously that is not only affecting they are going to affect me but a lot of other folks who want to essentially obtain a professional license. >> thank you so much. next, dr. porterfield, you just became president of franklin and marshall college which is a

small liberal arts college in pennsylvania. you talked about access for undocumented students at your school. undocumented students sides the number one reason for dropping out. but as frank and marshall doing to address the problem? >> thank you for sharing your story. it is crucial that we listen to the voices of students and develop strategies and policies and approaches to helping them educate themselves and respond to their actual circumstances. in order to answer the question i have to step back for a second to describe franklin and marshall college. it is a top 40 u.s. news liberal arts college that is educated a huge number of people to move into the upper echelons of leadership in society. from the left mary shapiro president of the fcc francis wolff first lady of pennsylvania. from the right, ken mehlman who helped president bush get

reelected. ken duberstein with ronald reagan. and the center patty hearst was first deputy mayor and other present a bloomberg philanthropy is, which is the president of hbo. it matters that schools like franklin & marshall college open doors of opportunity because they are springboards to leadership and to lives of influence for students. it matters that we go to the top institutions around the country were students from low-income groups with larger underrepresented and those institutions to expand the base financial aid and to reach out the talent across the full american mosaic. there is a special role for those leading institutions to be sure that our doors are wide-open and opportunities present to all. four years ago, franklin & marshall college made the decision to double down i need based financial aid. we doubled our budget. we conducted outreach all around the country looking for talent. as a result of that we triple

the percentage of students in our student body who are eligible for pell grants. the tripling of the pell grant population led to a strengthening of the student body as a whole. our numbers in terms of student retention, graduation rates student rates, quality of students coming that are all hired because we invested in the baystate and without defying talent. okay. the daca eligible students are part of that talent. so our strategy is to find out where it is and not to discriminate against students who have a daca status but to facilitate their having the opportunity to franklin & marshall college and go on to lives in the mainstream and it is working because the students we are finding who happen to be daca eligible are every bit as qualified to go to franklin & marshall college and are every

bit as successful. there are some higher hurdles the report documented that is for us to work on end at the same time the kids have the talent. i would say to them! i miss, by recruiting daca students we are enhancing the education of every student in the school and at the same time we hope contributing to the leadership of class of the country for generations to come. >> thank you so much. you've been working with pirate organizations for many years and you just any training for them in colorado with 90 educators for colleges and universities. i was wondering if you could talk about your role in bringing this issue up to higher ed organizations and colleges and universities and also how you respond to the inability for undocumented students to act with any form of federal financial aid. the pell grants for talk about in federal loans on undocumented students can benefit from.

>> the response of the first one as i am going through the schools and have a conversation in is hard to find is having a conversation together. so that is kind of the first hurdle and the reason it's important to have a conversation in the first place to gather us because we are seeing education immigration is a double letter sort. we see the policies introduced, whether the dream act per se policy is a root canal with daca has an education required me, but we are making it really hard for citizen to enroll in goal. so we are going into the cycle though we are not allowing us to be able to get relief from policies in the future route than the one now because of the education requirements. this is because of the barriers put in education. one of the big things is financial aid. what we are seeing is a lot of

schools are starting to have conversations along what does it mean to have a scholarship at dinner institutions. i am actually really excited to share that, be part of loyola. the past week bearable to pass. their students took the initiative. a lot of the conversations around immigration led by youth and so is really excited to see that loyola university of chicago took it upon themselves to say i'm willing to give half of a coffee, $2.50 out of my tuition every year to be able to give money to an endowment for undocumented student scholarships. said the challenge they gave to the administration to say can you join in the but also a call to alumni to say can you join us in this effort? we are excited to see the students are leading this but now the institutions are like this is an issue we need to take forth and so what is really empowering for myself to see that as a student and and alumni from loyola but also the

students leaving the affair. >> thank you. going off of that, you have a masters degree. you are but a few undocumented students of the country who have been able to complete that. catalina, you are in the process of going to the next step of higher ed. can we talk about undergraduates, but also the experience trying to get to the next step. like who do you ask for help clinics where did you get the information to even make that next thinking step for you? >> i myself wanted to leave washington state. just because i wanted to learn more. i really pushed myself in the process to find a school outside in general was really hard. i leaned towards the jesuit schools because i'd heard the jets of the schools and private institutions were a lot more friendly to undocumented students and they also had more capabilities to help with financial support. ..

that's when you that wasn't the school for me because i'm undocumented. i don't have a bank account that can share, that i can use or a visa. so what led me to loyola was their jesuit mission and the fact they allowed me to compete for the graduate assistantship. the fact i did know how they're

going to be able to work with the funding with me so they couldn't -- this was pre-daca that meant a lot to me the fact they were willing to take that choice and learn with me in the process. i went to loyola. i started to work with them. western also did something similar when they were not able to pay me for working at admissions but they were able to giving scholarships instead of paying me directly or in able to go to a student accounts. so there's different ways you can go around having to pay a student through internships, scholarships et cetera. that was kind of the beginning of my experience. to add a little bit about my experience while at loyola, to be quite honest i was kind of surprised in a not so great way because when i got on campus us other was not really a lot of conversations around undocumented students. that's why they do the same thing again. i had a look on the campus website and say okay who does

anything on immigration teaching a class, events? i started meeting with those people and that's how we had a conversation at the institutional level and out of that came the allied training that was mentioned in my bio. it's awesome to see within three years since the allied training how much loyola has changed but always there's some room to improve everywhere. >> how did you convince governor christie to signed the new jersey dream act? can you tell us about the process and what happened? >> well, i don't think it was convincing but i don't think we convinced him. it was more like this was an issue that was just the pressure had been building up and osha something that he either had to address or he would just have to suffer the consequences. so in new jersey, the fight for

the new jersey dream act, it may not sound like it but it's been happening for like, well it happened for like over a decade. this went on for 10 years. but i think we finally got to the point where there was a lot more pressure coming from a lot of students, a lot of parents, a lot of educators that we were able to engage. of the building up pressure like really from the ground up from the community, and also governor christie was also campaigning for his reelection. so i think a lot of things came into play. it was a grassroots effort, all of the community, the students putting up the pressure, making this issue a lot more visible in the state and then also him running for reelection. i think it was a lot of pieces went together, that a lot of us worked for and things just happened but i think all of those had a role to play in us

finally getting him to do something about it your what we're pushing for wasn't only just tuition but also state financial aid. because as many of us who have experienced went to school, even when paying states wishing for a lot of us it still really difficult to make that tuition cost. so we're pushing that not only for tuition but also for financial aid. both things were on the bill. kill line vetoed the state financial aid portion, so only one part went through. so it was a first step and now we are fighting for the next one. so we need to see states financial aid. >> thank you. today, clothing laura said that was very important. there are increasing number of college universities and presidents who understand that

we do need to work together and share expenses and learn together so that together we can create more opportunity or daca students. it's a terrible constraint that the federal financial aid programs are not available for students with daca status. that's one of the reasons why the passage of the dream act eventually hopefully will lead to the extension of those benefits. to these kids who after all we have invested in in k-12. this is continuing our investment. it's not giving them something to do. it's maximizing investment we have made. what was was pretty good as he is are starting to see a number of foundations stepping up and partnering with colleges and universities to provide on a temporary basis the replacement dollars for the money that would come otherwise from the federal government. for example don great is your from dream.org, one of the leadership foundations in the country partnering with colleges including with f. and m. to help us offset the cost of not having

the pell grant or the guaranteed student loan program. a foundation in tulsa has been a leader. the pritzker foundation in chicago, while it's not an answer, it's at least a temporary relief to allow us to grow more daca students. >> following up on that, i remember in 2010 when we were fighting for the dream act at the point i was at georgetown and that's what our president sort of made a statement in support of the dream act. and now as you are president of the culture right now what do you think is the role of colleges and universities, what they play in pushing for public policy on this specific issue? >> our first the major most important role is to go find talent a regardless of financial background and educate and launch that talent into opportunity. in doing so we serve the one and the many and that is what higher education is supposed to do, advance the one, serve society. we do have a role on issues.

i tend to lean towards the issue of trek related to my students needs for education which is what i think the dream act is a natural for college presidents who support. it has lots of bipartisan support. it just doesn't have that support at the right time all at once. i think he did a poll of college universities presidents you would find enormous support for the dream act. enormous support for extending the pell grants to our school students. >> going off on that, you were in texas in my home city of austin because what we sort of hurt in the report is that there's a division between the states now on states that are being very welcoming to immigrants students in states that are not. texas is on the verge of maybe repealing their version of the dream act. texas was the first state to pass it back in 2001 under republican legislature and republican governor rick perry. what was your experience in austin when you were there in talking to students who were facing this sort of threat that

is coming on right now to them in the second largest state? >> a lot of the youth on the capitol lobbying were students who were directly benefiting from their straight -- state the dream act but you that all ready graduated so that they would be able to benefit from it. there was a lot of pushback from people on the hill basically saying our economy is bad and a lot of the different discussions in my opinion, a lot of the different things that are always used against state tuition or just in general supporting undocumented youth. and what was really heart wrenching for me this is that they were they were comments like the one made on national media about having -- there was a comment made too ever since about you are bringing drugs and drug cartels. so the reaction to the young woman when that kind of stable was made to them is very much connected to like the mental

health and internalization of what it means to be undocumented. such action had to step aside for the rest of the lobby because that really hit home in terms of like offensive to her. so it was often the energy around just we are going to defend our rights for education defend this policy. but also to see the reality that there is a lot of comments being put through these things about having to be not being able to be a student, having to always to defend and protect a set of actions to be able to be a student and take advantage of being a student. >> you're an activist student right now, too. so how do you juggle those two things going on in your life? how do you like to make sure you push forward your academic career while still pushing like your life issue that is in your face almost every day? >> i mean it's really difficult because it's something that if you like, and once again it goes back to like a home mental asia aspect of this is that it is

something that you can't escape. so when i was well i mean yeah, finally when he understood what being undocumented meant when i was making that distinction of going from high school to college it was really difficult. and then withhold deferred action when it happened and i was able to qualify and applied i felt maybe those feelings were going to go away or disappear or i don't know what expected him to do, but what if that was it was a very difficult to live a quote-unquote like a normal kind of regular life. because even though i wasn't worried about myself anymore because now i can work now i can at least make some little money for transportation to go to school or whatnot but like my parents are still at able to do that. or deferred action grads need protection from deportation but what about the family members who do not qualify for it and you still have to live under the

fear? so it's not that i can escape it edges because i feel somewhat protected because still the family that surrounds me my friends, so if you like is that something, it's not a situation that at least for me i don't think i can easily escape. and so in a way they can feels like, like i have to do something here so it feels like there's responsibly to act. not only for myself but for all of those people who have still not benefited from anything or who have no path whatsoever to giving any form of status. and knowing what that feels like an understanding how terrible that can sometimes be like i think that makes me feel somewhat responsible that have to do something. but also i think it creates a lot of like feelings of anger where you, like, oh well what's happening to us is really unjust, and we do not have to -- we have to fight back because there's no other way to change

things. >> and i guess that goes into the university sight of it because once you're you are there, it's about being more than just there. what do you think, dr. porterfield, is the role that universities and colleges should play in making sure once students are there to make sure they are not feeling anxiety not feeling anger and they're continuing the whole process speak with our role is to cultivate the greatness that is in each -- is inside each and every student. and to be responsive in real-time. one of the ways we are doing that with daca students is that we were able to secure a grant that will allow franklin and marshall college next year to roll a large number of daca students who are qualified, more than qualified coming to treat them as a cohort, meaning that they will meet together with a faculty member and they will get to know me, and we will learn with them about their needs and over the course of the first two

years in college not only help them have a full college experience but also educate ourselves and the campus community about what it is the students are expensing. we hope that the cohort model will offer an example for other institutions of a way of empowering daca students of broadening the circle of support and of gaining more knowledge as the report gives us about the actual experience of being an undocumented or a daca students so that we can be more responsive. the other day we had a group from california on campus called college match about 45 or 50 high school juniors from los angeles, and something like five to 10 students in that group were daca students. and we talked about that openly with the kids. all the kids identified who was daca and he was not. one has to assume in any high school group that you meet with today that there are daca students in that room.

one has to extend the arms widely in partnership and friendship to those students. because the students bring so much to the table. and by assembling all the more of a critical map we give voice to experience and that may help address some of the frustration. >> as a follow-up question, what do you say to the folks and alumni who are intriguing to the university of when they push back? have you faced any pushback? >> not really because we have a talent strategy to we are recruiting talented students who earned their place come international student domestic students east-west and north-south, immigrant born u.s.-born, doctor, legal status to all types. we have a ton strategy. the students have earned their place, .1. by having a talent strategy it has elevated the whole school. our ranking is higher, our prestigious hire because we are

recruiting smart students are making it count. >> so going off about you working states more like in california where you have so many resources, like the university of california which has announced the commitment to building on the daca student program and you are in states where there's absolutely nothing where in georgia and documents to are banned from enrolling in many of the public colleges and universities. how do you sort of deal with a decision like when you're talking to a student who is in california versus a student was in a state that might be not welcoming to them? what do you say to the? >> in a lot of the areas, a lot of it is coaching and a lot of it is a much leadership as well. and what i'm seeing, it's cool to be working at the national because i can communicate across states and say this is what what's working in california. at the same time i see california's a lot to learn from arizona because it is very much

at the end of the state but they're doing pretty amazing things when it comes to education. we have to be creative but they're doing it. so those are like the learning institution that we can take you california and other states. but when it comes to like the coaching, it's hard to be able to say i'm so happy and i'm really glad you're on this journey and this fight with me and justin locally fighting for education equity, but i'm also sorry to say that you can't stay there to reap those benefits because this is not where you'll be able to succeed. so right now one of the youths the work at verizon is being pushed out of her state and having to go to school in mexico because that's what should be able to actual access higher education -- arizona. it's hard to see that the youth and the communities that are building their team unity are not able to stay in the own community and have to leave their own state. it's very much, it's hard to like make those connections but being of the national we are

able to say okay we have an affiliate in new mexico, you can continue to stay active and still be a scholar activist but obviously that is not the first choice of students. it's hard to juggle but it's also very rewarding to be able to learn across states. >> thank you. spent how do you mentor other students as to think about becoming public advocates in a sense coming out? when they also their families needs and their siblings needs their own uncertainties. that's tremendously courageous act of public leadership and public citizenship. but it's not easy and maybe it's not for everybody. what should we learn about what the students think through when i think about using their voice the way you have? >> i think the number one is a don't be afraid. i always say, i'm undocumented.

i'm a scholar activist and every time i say that i am coming out it's not something that just happened once. but me being able to say that and have the courage to know that my family might be watching this debate or they might get -- i saw your daughter on c-span and then being undocumented is very scary. but if i'm the one that's taking the stuff to say i'm undocumented and afraid, why is it so hard for institutions and presidents and other administered to say the same thing when they have a lot less to lose actually not much to lose but we have a lot to fear. so it's definitely the power of our story is deadly a good thing and people need to them but i always think about what does it mean for the generation after me to be in these spaces, because i was able to share my status and is able to share my story and i was able to push back.

>> i think it's also like understanding that it's a process but at least for me it took me a while to be finally open and said in a crowded and say yeah, i'm undocumented. that takes a while and it's a process for many people. so just i guess for when it comes to mentoring other students, especially some who are younger than me a lot of it is being patient and understanding that not everyone is at that level where they can just say that. but also i think the power of the stories, i think it's really important to really listen. because it's not until people start owning their stories and start realizing through listening and through sharing their stories that they are dignified human beings. >> thank you all three so much. by that we want to transition to q&a and i would like to invite

the others to come up so we can opened it up to the panel for audience questions. i have want to start off and after what we can opened it up in the mic will come to you, is that everything we just talked about is also in the context that we are in a certain moment in higher education where there's a lot of trouble going on right where pell grants at this point with the republican budget were basically cut were a lot of issues were students or citizens were getting these benefits are facing a trillion dollars in student debt facing cuts to higher education for the benefit. and i guess my question for you all is how do you also take into account that the higher education, you don't have to fix the higher education system but you were working to fix the immigration system at the same time? so if there's any thoughts about the state of higher education the state of immigration in the country, would love your some of y'all's thoughts and then we can opened up to the audience. >> i feel obligated given my

role to attempt to address that. the key to the future of america is to invest in education from weekday through ph.d. in a knowledgebase science and tech driven global economy where what you know and how you think will determine not just your opportunities but those of your community. america has no choice but to invest in education at every level, no choice. some of the problems around cost can be addressed. but what we can't afford to not address is the aspiration of our students. we have to invest in education robustly. that's crucial for the future of this country. i would say further for those that are in an unfortunate position not to meet financial aid to the indeed fortunate position not to need financial aid, it is crucial that others get it because we are one country. >> so the challenge in higher

education is a challenge that has very few precedents looking backwards. we now have the precedent mentioned to educate the most diverse cohort of young folk in the history of our country to much higher levels of competence and skill and sensibility, than ever before, at a time when the economy is evermore integrated, evermore interconnected and where the interruption of the

extraordinary levels of inequality come fundamentally through two mechanisms. this is the hypothesis in the book, capital in the 21st century. it is reimagining restructuring global tax mechanisms, or the alternative hypothesis is the distribution of skill, the destitution of knowledge education at the higher levels in the cognitive and metacognitive range that produces the narrowing of economic gap whatever you have

data. so as we face increasing inequality, the value of education goes beyond that was spoken about that was the central town the greeks and how aristotle imagined education. education for freedom education for the human spirit right? or the hypothesis of education for citizenship. you can't have a citizens that are autonomous, that can make that judgment to self govern without education. and, of course the third prong is education for the 21st century labor market. a label market that is evermore cops faded. so the challenge for higher education is really -- complicated. is really extraordinary but let's be very clear about this. the u.s. is by far the best

higher education system world has ever known. so if we can't take on this challenge, it can't be done. the eyes of the world are on you know on our system and our big cities. this is the issue that everybody is facing moving forward. berlin, 40% of the children in schools today come from non-german immigrant origins the amsterdam rotterdam and the hague two-thirds of the children come from non-dutch immigrant origin homes. stockholm, the white his country in scandinavia, about 30% of the children in the stockholm schools come from non-swedish immigrant origin homes. we have done this in the past. this wave of immigration is not unprecedented. it's larger her portion only

it's smaller than what we face in the past. connecting with the extraordinary examples that our two panelists in the way and body shouldn't be -- this is not like rewriting equation's. this is very doable for a country of our history, and what we achieved in higher education. >> i would like to open it up to any questions. >> thank you very much for the panel today. our members are foreign student advisors instead of brought advisors and we've been dedicated as cover his

immigration reform for many, many years. and many times daca students dreams others are advised to go to speak to foreign student advisors to get advice on how to become students when actually have grown up in the united states. so we've been very active in trying to provide information to campuses bring people together to focus on how to provide education to individuals who would qualify for the dream act. and what i'm wondering is if you have models, examples, or best practices on how to bring people together on campuses, financial aid advisor, foreign student advisors, the administrators together to talk about this in a way that can move the discussion forward and have policies that can be implemented on campus so there are not dreamers who have

to go to a foreign student advisor to get information, how to get education in their own state? thank you. so we are very happy to know. i'm not saying that at all. we're very happy to help thank you. >> so what was thinking earlier that i was in colorado is because we're actually doing an educator ally training, which each training looked very different because we did one training at a 40 institutional and one of the high school level. what were able to do is to bring all of the key people in each department within each institution to come together and advocating on how to better work with and for undocumented students. what's so cool about the training is that it's not only awareness and information and best practices but we actually have dedicate the second half of the trading to do action work plan. we can say this is the goal that we have this year, or if they wanted to find your plan would

work on a five year plan. but definitely at least the one you plenty to say this is how we're going to change our practices. and so to give you an example for want of them, they want to focus on student programming. and so a lot of the students that were from the school iran document also attended the training and because -- make these decisions with things that affected their lives and so it's an example of one but also what came out of the other thing is they treated a passport within their institution with key people from different parts of the the university of high school so this is like career counseling, admission, financial aid, student life, et cetera that were able for people to say how can we meet monthly, bimonthly, biweekly with her students to give lucy what are the needs our students right now and what can we accomplish within the next one year five years. >> the reason why i like that particular model is that what we

have observed is that in a lot of cases student clubs but the students themselves who are mobilizing and trying to sort out this information and then sharing information with each other, right? so it places the burden on the student to kind of navigate their educational experience. that concerns me a lot. i think that institutions need to take more responsibility for their students come and so i really appreciate your comments and the work you are doing. and so we need more institutional leaders to step up. i like this idea of a task force where it's not just an issue for the financial aid office. it's not just an issue for academic counselors, you know. we have mental health issues. we have faculty, the stories i hear about some things that happen in the classroom, you know, we faculty to be unaware of who the students are in their

classrooms. and what the resources are that are out there. it has to be ongoing because even in a state like california that's more progressive around their policies programs and resources, things are always evolving. so we have to always kind of learned how these issues are evolving, how are the policy of practices and procedures evolving. and we have to keep revisiting that. i think a sector particularly concern has been community colleges where they tend to be more underresourced and for your institutions or more selective, private universities. and it's in that sector where probably we are more likely to find undocumented students and so we have to have a conversation about having more energy colleges involved in this dialogue. >> it just came to me as i was

listening to you is that our governor is a jesuit. [laughter] >> the international students are a tremendous gift to the whole campus and it was quite helpful for daca students i believe to have a culture with lots of cultures, lots of cultures, lots of cultures at our colleges because we're about 15% international. that provides just a much more rounded global atmosphere. we provide need-based financial aid to some international students as a part of our talent strategy. it sort of spreads out so there's so much difference and so much sameness but so much difference, how many backgrounds that are altogether bashing it up and learned together and constantly recentering ourselves because we're in a different conversation with someone from another starting point. that just opens up in a much

broader way to students from the domestic context who are coming from a circumstance that of the students have not encountered in their own lives before. >> good morning. i'm from the university of maryland to i would like to bring attention to this booklet 15 page. it says here in the chart, it says here that professors, which are 30.1% of secure because 30.6% were as of the students are geeky 5.6%. does this mean that other students are less welcoming of undocumented students and professors and security guards are in the extreme spectrum of the data are more welcoming to undocumented students? that's fellow students in colleges and universities consider untie committed students as competitors. that's what they appear to be unwelcoming to undocumented

students, whereas professors who are in the highest spectrum of the data are 32.1%. it means professors are very welcoming to undocumented students. thank you. >> the question in the survey is about experiences of being treated unfairly or negatively due to legal status. and so we have a range of different categories students can check in their level of feeling treated fairly or unfairly. and it's interesting because it depends on the institution. so we have a different findings for private institutions versus public. we had a different findings for two years versus four year. and it kind of goes back to a

point about we can't just create kind of blanket rules and policies and procedures and information that cuts across the entire general. went to drill down what are the conditions and experiences and issues that exist in different settings, different types of institutions that are positioned at different state settings and kind of look at that more specifically. and that's what i appreciate what united we dream is doing because they're kind of tackling this position on the ground in a particular study. >> one last question. >> good morning. i currently work at georgetown university. i've been talking to laura about maybe instrumenting a training on campus but my question is to you, dr. porterfield, is changing to come from the top

down? does the president need to make a decision to i could maybe provide services for undocumented students? anyway, you've been mentioning about holding university leaders accountable for the work but how do we do that next how to hold them back and but because were putting the burden on the students are there maybe a couple of it ministers to do this on the site just because a personal connection. i'm really curious to see how the reaction makes change happen. >> i do think each institution has its own culture and ecosystem and resources, and mission. and so there's not one playbook, but i think the broad interpretation is that better than single actor strategies. so involving the upper echelons of an administration, faculty, the students, other resources from outside the campus in the community, there are committees that help support our

institutions, can all play a role but i think more inclusiveness is probably better. i think that there are a number of institutions, and georgetown is one of them, were people in my roll of people i learned from in terms of their responsiveness. davidson georgetown, trinity in washington, d.c. those are examples of presidents i look up to because they have been on the leading edge of thinking about students needs pics i guess i feel it's a great question to you should put together a broad-based coalition that georgetown together team up to see what you're hoping to do. >> okay. so i was at st. peter's university or the president of the school actually issued a statement in favor of the new jersey dream act when we petition for that. and have to agree i think it's more like a collaborative, it has to be a broad effort. so it wasn't just him making the statement. it was also the faculty, like the professors who were interacting with students on a day-to-day basis listening to

the stories and once again understanding that this is a topic of conversation that was happening. and so i think with the effort of the faculty, the professors who were seeing this were discussing this topic on a day-to-day basis, and then also the president of the university knowing that this was one, like a hot issue, and also the students in the campus who were dealing with this. and so making a statement about that. so it feels like it has to come from like a lot of the moving parts, like the students in the campus, the faculty, the professors and then the president. it's about working together really to make sure that -- i think they have to do it together. >> i would add that, you know i think where i'm concerned is on the level of the higher education field, you know we

are placing first of all we are placing a lot of burden on the students went i think institutions need to take more ownership of the issue. if you think about the democrats mission of higher education and some of our challenges associated with college completion in america we have to kind of think about a lot of the threats to our ability -- next generation. with that said i think higher ed associations are very important. so associations for which presidents and ministers are members, as you you are a i think associations are very important because they can provide some guidance to the membership and the kind of get this issue on their radars and take it up as a kind of challenge for their membership to pursue. we also have an obsession called

national scholarship providers association. we spoke at that meeting last summer, and the membership faced the same. want to do something, we need models. we need to know how we do this. we need to get a sense of who is doing it and how do we work with the board and how do we work with institutions? how do even construct an application, scholarship application in a way where they can do with this issue? so these associations are very important, and so i'm glad that some of them are in the room, you know we would be glad to help provide some guidance. >> i agree with that because and this is coming from my experience at st. peter's. st. peter's is also a member and so they put the issue on the administrators, this would on the table. and then when the association asked the president to sign on

to a letter in support of humane immigration reform, the president of the schools like okay, we have to make a stand and went to public come out with a statement. but yes, i agree with that completely because i have seen it, how important it is for the association to also put the topic on the radar. >> one last question and then we have to close off. >> very quick comment. i'm gone gray, ceo of the country called great holdings. i think the largest warship program for unpacking to students, are program director which you would room probably know. i have two things i wanted to see. one is we are a new organization but we've raised enough money and we will be offering full scholarships to select partner universities at

least 1400 dream students. we are already over 1000 we obviously desperately want help from everyone in the room in spreading the message that there is an organization raising money for scholarship dreamers and help to go much higher. to the last question you asked about presidential leadership. we reached out to almost every selective private university in the united states. we are not a high dollar scholarship organization, but you have a very unusual student president of a selective private institution on the panel and i think state universities are forced to confront the issue of daca students because many are knocking on their door. private institutions only do it with presidential leadership, and this is an extraordinary leader. >> well, thank you all so much and give one last round of applause or all of our panelists. [applause] >> thank you so much.

there's more copies of the report outside, and thank you all so much. [inaudible conversations] >> if you missed any of this discussion you can find it online c-span.org or take you live now to indianapolis for governor mike pence is only a press conference on indiana's religious freedom legislation. >> i spoke to legislative leaders all the way through the last hour, we're going to be working to make that happen. with that i will be happy to take questions. saddleback. >> go ahead. soundtracksound[inaudible] spin this law does not give anyone a license to deny

services to gay and lesbian couples. and look, i could've handled that better this weekend but going into the interview this weekend i was just determined to set the record straight about what this law really is. i'm very pleased that the reporting about the religious freedom restoration act has significantly improved over the last several days. i think there is a growing public understanding that indiana has passed a law here that mirrors the federal law that president clinton signed and it mirrors the laws of statute of some 30 states. i'm grateful for that. but on sunday my intention was to set the record straight. i want to be clear on that point. and thank you for the opportunity. [inaudible]

>> religious liberty is vitally important in the life of our nation. and to ensure that hoosiers have the same level of scrutiny when they believe the religious liberty is entered upon in our state courts, that they already have in our federal court and the 30 other states have or had for some time was simply the right thing to do. it's that important. and i was pleased to have signed it and i stand by the law. pgh [inaudible] >> jam, i have never supported that. i want to be clear. it's not on my agenda but i think it's completely separate question. i mean, we are talking to the religious freedom restoration act which is about restoring the highest level of scrutiny in our

state courts when matters of government action into the pond the religious liberty of hoosiers. that's why want to stay focused. but i do believe that moving legislation this week that would make it clear this law does not give businesses a right to deny service to anyone would be appropriate [inaudible] >> that's still under discussion and consideration but that's the direction. yes, please. >> were you expecting any type of backlash? >> was i expecting this kind of backlash? heavens, no. to be candid with you, you know, when i first heard about the legislation i heard it was already federal law firm of in

20 years. i heard that it was a law through statutes and court decisions in 30 jurisdictions. in the wake of last year's supreme court case, the hobby lobby case, i just thought it was inappropriate addition to indiana statutes. it moved through the legislative process with good debate but not a considerable amount of controversy. and so candidly when this a rapid last week, even though i made my position clear weeks ago that i would sign the bill without much discussion, i was taken aback. and i have to tell you that the gross mischaracterization about this bill early on and some of the reckless reporting by some in the media about what this bill was all about was deeply

disappointing to me and the millions of hoosiers. but we are making progress on that. i think we are turning back. i'm grateful for the expressions of support that are being given from around the country including many in the media that articulating what this is all about. and will continue to move forward on it. [inaudible] >> let me say, the sneer here against this bill is that it created a license to discriminate, or license to deny

services. that's just completely false. and baseless. professor cargill who i quoted in my editor with this one in "the wall street journal" said it will put this is not a license to do so license to discriminate. and so i think the proper legislative remedy is to focus on the recession that has been created by the mischaracterization that come in to make it clear that this law doesn'tdoes that give businesses a right to deny services to anyone. yes, please. [inaudible]

>> do you think that explains the backlash? >> i would leave it -- i think you mean the public, the public reaction? >> right. >> i think it was explained by the fact that this was grossly mischaracterized by advocates who opposed the bill and also by frankly some very sloppy reporting for the first several days. so i really do believe that. i mean look, if i read some of the stuff about this bill i would've had the same concern that millions of hoosiers have had and people across the country have. it just isn't so. i mean, when president clinton signed this bill in 1993, the american civil liberties union said then that the religious freedom restoration act was the most important legislation considered by congress since the first amendment was approved. okay?

windjana state senator barack obama voted for this bill in illinois, it was with broad and i parse and support. one of the great pieces of the legislative history of the religious freedom restoration act is that it spent away bringing people together consensus. this has been broadly supported on a bipartisan basis, so i would suggest to you that what explains the concerns that have been expressed across the state and across this nation is the mischaracterization again into their -- very real sense that's why think when you to focus specifically on this perception that this creates some license to discriminate, and that's what i'm called on the legislature to do. [inaudible]

>> i think that the language is still being worked out, okay? what i want to make sure is that it is clear to hoosiers, which are the people that i serve and, frankly, clear to anyone who would come to visit our state, that there is in this legislation no license to discriminate, no right to deny services. and i think we can i think we can develop that language. [inaudible] >> look, this law does not give anyone a license to discriminate

discriminate. this law that i signed last week does not give anyone the right to deny services. the language that i'm talking about adding i believe would be consistent with what the general assembly intended, and certainly what i intended it. [inaudible] >> back there. back there. [inaudible] >> i'm calling on the general assembly to send a bill that focuses on the issue here that focuses on frankly the spirit that is been leveled against this law and against the people of indiana. and that is that somehow through our legislative process we enacted legislation that created a license to discriminate. that, that is so offensive to me as a hoosier. and then it is offensive, and i

know it's offensive to people across the state of indiana that we have to correct that first just because it's not true. and secondly we have to correct about perception because it has to do with the perception of our state and our businesses. [inaudible] >> i just think we need to make it very clear irrespective of whether those ordinances exist in a team unity or not ma that this law does not give businesses a right to deny services to anyone, okay?

and that's what i have to say about that. go. [inaudible] >> the intent of the law -- [inaudible] >> welcome the intent of the law when president clinton signed it, the intent of the law when i signed it was to give the ports and our state the highest level of scrutiny in cases where people feel that their religious liberty is being infringed upon by government action. ..

>> is strong and secure. but the reputation of this law and the intentions of our legislature have been called into question. and i believe we need to deal with it. i believe we need to deal with it this week and we will. we will fix this, and we will move forward. >> governor -- >> that's, that's what hoosiers do. >> [inaudible] what are your thoughts on that? [laughter] >> no comment. [inaudible conversations] >> what exactly do you want to see -- [inaudible] what are you looking for?

>> well, i want to make it clear in the rfra law that the religious freedom restoration act does not give businesses the right to deny services to anyone. that this is about -- and i i've said before to people, you know, and i want to stipulate the coverage on this has gotten better and more fair okay? but early on there was some really reckless and irresponsible reporting about this. but i just would submit to you that it's it's important that we address the principal allegation here with legislation in this law that makes it clear that it does not give buzzes a right to to deny -- businesses a right to deny services to anyone. [inaudible conversations] >> morning. >> [inaudible]

>> maureen, i wasn't talking about you. [laughter] >> okay, thank you. >> and frankly, can i just say? i don't want to let the indiana press off the hook here but i will anyway. i think the indiana press has had this right from early on. but some of the national reporting on this has been ridiculous. >> [inaudible] >> i i encourage you to do a quick google search on this license to discriminate stuff. you'll find all of it. >> governor -- >> yes sir. >> [inaudible] >> yeah. well, i've been on the phone talking to business leaders, our

team's been talking to business leaders. i've been reaching out to the leaders of associations and corporations around the country just setting the record straight about what this law actually does and what our intention is in passing it and our determination to correct the perception that's taken hold. [inaudible conversations] >> last week that it took a long time coming -- [inaudible] >> yeah, it's a good question. >> [inaudible] >> well, i think the more relevant event was the hobby lobby case by the supreme court. which is a case in point of the value of the religious freedom restoration act. it really is. the obamacare was passed into law. it included mandates on health care coverage for businesses and hobby lob by -- and i also

might add, the university of notre dame among others -- filed federal lawsuits to challenge obamacare under the religious freedom restoration act. the supreme court, in a majority opinion last year, upheld the right of a private business owner under the religious freedom can restoration act, citing the act. but here's the background. in 1993 the federal law was signed by president clinton. in 1997 the supreme court of the united states ruled that the act did not awe ply to states that -- apply to states that did not have their own statute, and that's why you had 19 states that have adopted statutes, you have about 11 other states that have adopted it in their case law, this balancing test this standard. indiana never did. and so in the walk of the hobby

lobby -- in the wake of the hobby lobby decision, to insure that hoosiers in our state courts had the same when they believe their rights are infringed upon, the general assembly moved, and that was the precipitating event. yes. >> [inaudible] >> people are entitled to their opinions. but this law does not create a license to discriminate, and this law does not give businesses a right to deny services to anyone. i think it would be helpful if the general assembly were to get legislationing to my desk -- legislation to my desk that made that clear and made that clear in the statute.

yes. go. [inaudible conversations] >> [inaudible] court cases where -- >> i didn't hear the first part of your question tony. go ahead. >> [inaudible] will that make a difference in the law? >> the purpose of the religious freedom restoration act is to give the people of this country the opportunity to go into our courts -- state, now, and federal for more than 20 years -- where they believe that government action has imposed and impinged upon their religious liberty. that's the foundation of this idea. this is about, um, this is about restraining government overreach. and i want to say again the reason why this was such a broad

and bipartisan measure over much of the last two decades is because every american cherishes religious liberty. we all understand the importance of the freedom of conscience. it's enshrined in our constitution, it's enshrined in the constitution of the state of indiana. and that's what this is about. and, but look, i understand that the perception of this has, you know has gone far afield from what the law really is. we've been doing our level best to correct that perception however imperfectly. and we'll continue to do that. i want to say i am extremely grateful for voices around the country who have stepped up and stood by indiana as we stand by this law. but that being said, as governor of the state of indiana i believe it would be the right thing to do to move legislation that would make it clear that this law does not give businesses a right to deny

services to anyone. john? do you have one? >> [inaudible] >> just in your conversation with the business leaders, are you confident that this -- [inaudible] >> those conversations are ongoing. and, but i'm, you know i remain i remain very hopeful that if we focus on the principle misperception that we will garner support, we will restore confidence and we'll be able to move forward. [inaudible conversations] >> that it does not matter, statewide nondiscrimination law successes yule or yen -- sexual orientation. >> well, i think a number of the 30 states that have this standard in their courts are also in the same position indiana is in and the same position the federal government's in. >> governor -- >> in terms of protected status.

but let me say with great respect, i think that's a separate issue. all right? it's not my position. i'm not advocating for it. i understand some people are. >> governor -- >> but that's a separate question that ought to be considered separate from this idea of religious liberty and that we will give our courts in indiana and have given our courts in indiana the ability to discern with the highest level of scrutiny whether people of our state believe that government action has intruded upon their religious liberty. >> [inaudible] >> right here. she's right here. >> [inaudible] >> i'm sorry say it again? >> [inaudible] >> why is it contained? >>

[inaudible] >> well the -- you would have to speak to the indiana general assembly and the members who crafted the legislation. i'm pleased to support it, to answer the legislative history question. i believe it would be appropriate to make it clear that this law does not give businesses the right to deny services to anyone. [inaudible conversations] >> anybody else? how about you? >> [inaudible] >> go ahead. [inaudible conversations] >> go ahead. >> [inaudible] that was specifically legal in the astronaut of indiana -- [inaudible] >> i don't support discrimination against gays, lesbianses or anyone else? >> so no? >> no. i don't support discrimination against gays lesbians or anyone else. i abhor discrimination. i want to say this no one should be harassed or mistreated because of who they are, who they love or what they belief.

i believe it with all my heart. this issue of discrimination has been an anthem throughout my life. i was i started out in politics as a democrat when i i was in high school and was the youth democrat party coordinator in my hometown. not exactly a community organizer, but we worked door to door. the reverend dr. martin luther king jr. was one of the heros of my youth he's one of my heroes to this day. five years ago john lewis approached me on floor and asked if i would cochair co-host the annual pilgrimage to selma with him. and it was one of greatest honors that i had during my 12 years in congress. we felt so strongly about it that not only did my wife go

with me, but our three teenage kids went with us. it was the 45th anniversary of bloody sunday. the night before in montgomery we sat in dr. king's church. we talked to people who had been there, and we were deeply moved by the courage and the faith of the people who were there. but i will always count it one of the greatest privileges of my life that on the 45th anniversary of bloody sunday, i was walking across the edmund pettis bridge with john lewis. i think that's probably what's been most grievous to me about the debate the last week. is that i'm very typical in indiana. hoosiers are a loving, kind, generous, decent and tolerant people. we are known all over the world for that. and i'm just one of 'em. and so the suggestion that because we passed a law to

strengthen the foundation of religious liberty in our state courts, that we had in some way created a license to discriminate was deeply offensive to me, deeply offensive to millions of hoosiers, and is we're going to correct it and move forward. >> [inaudible] >> kevin. >> you talked about the misrepresentation and mischaracterizations on twitter wondering about the business report from eli lilly and the -- [inaudible] ncaa surely they weren't going on twitter, so -- [inaudible] >> the difference between what? >> why would they feel that bill -- [inaudible] needed to be fixed or -- [inaudible] so clearly, they're not following the reporting on twitter. >> well, as --? >> [inaudible] >> i don't want to talk about private conversations or interaction, but i think we all

understand that this is a perception problem, ask we need to deal with it, and we need to deal with it because it's right thing to do, and we need to deal with it so that everybody around the country and around the world knows that indiana's a welcoming place to everybody. and i i agree, we've got to correct that perception. and the whole debate about how we got here, you know, we are where we are. and as ceo of the state of indiana, i'm determined to bring people together and figure it out, solve it and move forward. [inaudible conversations] >> last question. >> yes. >> do you personally believe that christian businesses -- [inaudible] about marriage should be compelled to supply services -- [inaudible] whether it's flowers balking, across the board -- baking, across the board to --

[inaudible] >> this law does not give a license to discriminate -- >> [inaudible] >> it does not give a license to deny services. >> i understand -- [inaudible] you personally. because i think we all know how things have changed -- [inaudible] today we know behind these laws, we saw -- [inaudible] in arizona. you personally, do you think that -- [inaudible] that are right good-thinking people of america should have to provide services to gays and lesbians? >> i don't support discrimination. against anyone. the question that you pose though i believe it's -- we're dealing here in a free society with always a careful balancing of interests. and the facts and circumstances of each case determine the outcome.

what this legislation does what it did when president clinton signed it into law in 1993 and what it served in the some 30 states where it's been the law is provide a framework for determining whether or not government action puts a substantial burden on a person's religious liberty. now, it is counterbalanced against whether there is a compelling interest, okay? so first, the first question is in any case does the government action place a substantial burden on the free exercise of religion under this standard as it's been applied for decades. the next question is, is there a compelling state interest. and what courts have found, without exception over the last 20-plus years, is that the state has a compelling interest in

combating discrimination. and i support that interpretation. >> [inaudible] >> okay? >> eric? how about the last one. >> [inaudible] >> well, the conversations have just been ongoing, they've been candid. we've been listening we've been sharing the facts about this law and our determination to step forward and provide the kind of solution that will that will allay the concerns and correct the misperception across the country. but there's been lots of ideas shared. but for my part, you know, as i said, i don't believe for one minute that it was the intention of the general assembly to create a license to discriminate or a right to deny services to anyone in our state by this legislation. it certainly wasn't my intention, and i've made it clear to those businesses that

we're going to talk such action as necessary to correct that misperception and move our state forward. okay? >> [inaudible] >> thank you all. thank you all very much. >> governor mike pence talking about legislation on religious freedom be in indiana -- freedom in indiana and a tweet from jake tapper on the governor's remarks that he wants clarifying legislation to make it clear that the law does not give businesses the right to discriminate against anyone. the governor mentioning that several times, the religious freedom act was not intended to create a right to discriminate. we joined the press conference in progress, you can watch it in its entirety online at c-span.org. also later today here on c-span2 live a discussion at the council on foreign relations on combating isisment former u.s. ambassador to the u.n., jeane kirkpatrick, will take part in that. that starts in about 0 minutes

here -- 20 minutes hoar on c-span2. and on our companion network, c-span irs commissioner john koskinen will be speaking at the national press club luncheon about the irs and the agency's future. and at 3:30 tony blinken will be at the brookings institution talking about central asia and prospects for u.s. engagement there live on c-span. later tonight join us live for the chicago mayor's forum with rahm emanuel and jesus garcia ahead of the runoff election next tuesday. we'll take you to chicago live tonight at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span. also in yul politics congressman aaron schock plans on stepping down today. the chicago tribune reporting some of his staff will be called before a grand jury next month to answer questions about the congressman's spending and they're likely to face a prosecutor with a tough reasonnation tim bass, who's convicted 13 people over the

past two year on $16 million worth of contract fraud. also the choice to investigate congressman schock back home rather than in washington d.c. could signify that the probe will be look into the potential misuse of his district office and activities. you can read more at chicagotribune.com. >> c-span2, providing live coverage of the u.s. senate floor proceedings and key public policy events. and every weekend, booktv. now for 15 years the only television network devoted to nonfiction books and hours. c-span2, creates by the cable tv industry and brought to you as a public service by your local cable or satellite provider. watch us in hd like us on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> next, a discussion about the terrorism threat outlook for 2015 with former ambassadors, military leaders and international relations scholarrings. they'll take a look back at lessons learned this past year and assess future threats and

best practices. their discussion was hosted by the potomac institute yesterday at the national press club in washington d.c. it ran about two hours, and we'll watch as much of it as we can before the discussion on isis begins at the council of foreign relations. [inaudible conversations] >> ladies and gentlemen, if i could have your attention. i'm michael swetnam i'm see i don't have -- ceo of the potomac institute, and it's my distinct

honor to welcome you to the 17th annual seminar on international cooperation in combating terrorism. the potomac institute has been privileged for almost two decades to be an organization in the washington d.c. area focused on the study of science technology and how it is affecting our society and our security around the world. in particular, the institute -- from its inception -- has been entered in and engaging in the study of how terrorism has been used as a form of warfare or social disobedience, if you will, by many around the world for, in fact, centuries. and how today we might find ways of more effectively dealing with this scourge through cooperations between governments, law enforcement and military organizations. today we, as i said welcome you all to the 17th annual review of combating terrorism and

international cooperation in doing so and we have with us today, i think, one of the most enlightened and, in fact, engaged and scholarly groups that you could imagine on this topic that represent not just the countries that have been affected by terrorism but those who have worked together with the united states and amongst themselves to deal with this issue for quite some time. we'd like to highlight for you that the work at the potomac institute on terrorism is focused in the international center for terrorism studies headed up by professor yonah alexander, and out of this organization comes many publications and studies, and we host several seminars every year on all aspects of terrorism globally as well as domestically. our most recent publications and yonah has averaged at least one per month for the last 40 years, are in february our sixth

annual review of terrorism incidents in north africa and their impacts on peoples of that part of the world and a review of europe's political situation and how that is affecting the use of terror by those that feel disenfranchised or for whatever means are causing civil disobedience in that part of the world. as i said the center for terrorism studies at the potomac institute produces at least one document per month all year long and averages one or two books per year and we're very proud that with hoat several seminars on all aspects of terrorism. we welcome your review of that on our web site, would be glad to provide you summaries of all of that work and, of course you're all invited to those events as they take place. we hope that a today is not just enlightening, but it's an opportunity for you to engage with those that have been involved in dealing with this

issue on a very personal and professional level from all around the world. at this point in time, 17 years into the potomac institute gathering with you every year to discuss the role of terrorism in destabilizing our society, it's unfortunate that we have to recognize that the world is one of most, in one of the most unstable positions it has been in a very, very long time due to a large extent to the use of terror and terror tactics and techniques by various groups around the world against the governments and societies that we look to to protect us. there have been more incidents in the last year, year and a half than there were in quite some years before that and many people of the world are, in fact terrorized as they haven't been for many years before. as we've adopted our techniques -- developed our it can anemics more dealing with author those who use terror

against us have consequently unfortunately, modified and grown their capabilities to terrorize us. this calls for all of us to find more effective ways for dealing with it and limiting the impact of terror on our society. so we hope that you will take the time today not just to hear what the enlightened panel has to say, but to also engage with them and to once again commit yourself and all of us to dealing with this issue as effectively as we can for ourselves and for our children. with that, i'd like to turn the program over to professor yonah alexander who most of you know, i i hope. be you don't, then you probably shouldn't be here because there isn't anybody in the world academically in the world that doesn't know about professor alexander. he has published over 100 books he has been studying terrorism and the effects of terrorism and all issues surrounding terrorism for more than 40 years, and he is what we consider one of the

greatest assets that the human race has on this aspect and on this topic. we're privileged to have him here today. he will chair this program introduce most of the speakers, and it's my privilege to introduce to you today professor yonah alexander. [applause] >> thank you very much mike, for your introduction. particularly trying to stress the nature and the intensity of the terrorism and what we do about it s. and what i would like to do is to discharge a few academic, i think requirements. first of all, to introduce our distinguished panel. first, to my left, to your right

is professor bonnie ambassador jenkins, she's both a diplomat and a scholar at the u.s. department of state coordinator for threat reduction programs in the bureau of international security and on proliferation. i would also introduce her a little bit later on. so she will be the first speaker. next is dr. alaa abdalaziz with political counselor of the embassy of the arab republic of egypt and a former charge defair in syria. he is going to speak immediately after ambassador jenkins. and then we are very pleased that we have mrs. wafa bugaighis from the embassy of libya.

she's the charge d can'affairs and she will present the views related to libya. we are awaiting for the ambassador husain haqqani a former ambassador of pakistan to the u.s., and he is director currently at the aspen institute of south and central asia. he will be right with us very shortly. and next is ambassador theodore kattouf, former u.s. ambassador to the united arab emirates and syria. and then the governor james gilmore is on his way, and he will speak -- >> [inaudible] >> he is there? well, you are quicker than my eyes -- [laughter] but at any rate, you're very,

very welcome. we appreciate that you came all the way from richmond here and he's going to speak. and then, of course, to make some closing remarks general alfred gray, as you know, the 29th common darnt of the united states marine corps and currently senior fellow and chairman of the board of regents of the potomac institute. i think that before we have the speakers deal with the issues a few footnotes. first of all, i'm delighted that we have in the audience many diplomats, ambassadors, representatives, academics and so forth. we appreciate very much media representatives for bringing our

discussion to a wider audience in the united states and internationally. traditionally academically we like to express our sympathy with the families of the victims of terrorism throughout the world as well as to send a message of solidarity and support for international cooperation in dealing with terrorism and, of course, this is our mission; first to learn the lessons of the past and to try to anticipate future trends and provide some, hopefully best practices, recommendations fordown terrorism strategies that are particularly related to international cooperation in

dealing with terrorism. now, if i may, i would like to mention some key questions, because if we look at the history, the historical record the historical lessons if we go back 43 years ago, i recall very vividly when the united nations placed on theassembly agenda to deal with a specific item which they called measures to prevent terrorism and other forms of violence which endanger innocent louvres or jeopardize fundamental freedoms. now, 43 years ago this was the message, and 43 years later was still struggling with some key questions that i hope perhaps we can carefy today -- clarify

today. one is who are the terrorists? who are the perpetrators? two, what are some of the root causes that mote t sates them? motivates them? and thirdly, what can we do about it? i think what is very interesting to mention at this particular point, as we speak there is a coalition being formed to combat terrorism which i believe is very similar to the concept of nato. in other words from regional to global or interregional security our concerns and to provide that kind of support. as we speak as all of us know an operation called operation

decisive storm is being actually mounted by the arab countries and some non-arab countries in order to deal with the issue of yemen. this is a, an historic, i think, move and certainly we're going to deal with that. now, if i move on to the record mike referred to it, but let me mention very quickly. one, be you look at the data, the -- if you look at the data the statistics of last year we had some 11,000 incidents throughout the world. in other words, it is an increase from 2013 and prior to that in general. already the first three months of this year we see an escalation throughout the world all the way from egypt and libya and syria and pakistan nigeria and so on and so