but if you look and evaluate them trillions of dollars to have day incident like nine levin ever have been here a again. there is the determination that the enemy has these resources. . .

if we bring about public diplomacy again and we take them and engage in that way so that they come to our side that is where we will really defeat the. >> we are almost out of time, but before i asked the last question i want to remind everyone about upcoming speakers. sec. gen. of the united nations will speak on april 16. navy secretary may mavis will address the club on april 30 and events serve chief internet evangelist for google and father of the internet was become a 4th.

i would now like to present our guest with the traditional national press club mug. we have been talking about a lot of heavy things today. when you enjoy a quiet moment this is a wonderful way to have a beverage. [applause] >> thank you. >> are final question i just i just wanted you -- we have a couple of minutes left. you have renounced islam and said that you are an atheist do you think that that is where your firmly entrenched or how do you think of your spirituality evolving from where it has been and where it is going? >> i think my spirituality is just fine. [laughter] i just want to take this

moment on the question is spirituality to share with you that religions are different. i have been promoting this book now for the last week's in you probably see my conversation with john stewart and others. always goes to his christianity any different from islam. my observation is yes christianity is different from islam judaism is different from islam. i am not converting but i just want to make it clear that the christian god in 2015 is different from the muslim got in 2015 and the

worst thing that a christian has ever said to me the rudest thing that a christian is ever said to me the thing that has made me most uncomfortable is i am going to pray for you. i hope you will be saved. i hope you will be redeemed. within my own family and community and when i say that i am in doubt about the quran and mohammed and life after death it is you are to die. i just want to.out the differences. you can my christianity and judaism as much as you like. you you can't say a thing about islam. what makes me angry is the moral equivalence. now, religion is 1st in

the future, hope in the future. i hope and have faith in the future that one day islam and muslims will become civilized and peaceful and tolerant as christianity and judaism. judaism. i no that is controversial but i we will leave it at that. [applause] >> a a round of applause for our speaker, please. [applause] [applause] >> i would like to thank our speaker and audience and the national press club staff including the journalism

institute and broadcast center for organizing today's event. if you would like a copy of today's program go to learn more about the national press club at our website. thank you. we are adjourned. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> each evening at 7:00 o'clock well congress continues on a spring break we show you some of our q&a interviews. today the internet is not the answer regarding objections to the over use

of technology. you can see his comments at 7:00 o'clock eastern. at 8:00 o'clock eastern book tv in prime time with authors and books on national security. his book the modern mercenary private armies and what they mean for world order. scott taylor on trust betrayed. at 10:05 p.m. bartholomew spero the strategist and the national security at 8:00 o'clock eastern here on c-span2 book tv. >> you are some of our featured programs for this weekend on the c-span networks. on c-span2 book tv saturday at ten pm eastern on after words president of americans for tax return -- tax reform says that americans are tired of the irs and susan butler on president franklin roosevelt

and the unexpected partnership beyond the war. sunday night at 8:00 o'clock eastern on lectures and history, university of virginia professor jennifer murray on how veterans reunions have changed and sunday afternoon at 1:00 o'clock live. >> pres. obama president obama welcomed more than 100 students from 30 states recently. some of the projects on display include an automatic page turner and the carbon dioxide powered battery all kemal part of the white house effort to boost interest in stem education. this is about 50 minutes.

>> hello. good to see you. good to see you. yes. good to know where you are from. >> i'm from denver colorado. >> what grade. >> a junior in high school. >> a junior, going through the sat application process. busy year but not too busy for these projects. >> so all right. if you look carefully is a very important to science. they tell us all sorts of things.

right now because there are more than 350,000 species of flora and fauna on the planet we're trying to track them all. all. the eventual goal is to have a registry online so that scientists can share knowledge over the internet. >> right. >> currently to do this many problems. very extensive. so i tried to see if there was a more economically viable and efficient way to do this. the most advanced research. i discovered x-ray photons were helpful in imaging euthanasia systems. my 1st thought was to build an x-ray machine. i got online and found the original blueprints for an x-ray machine. it is dangerous, not economically the way. i thought i thought to myself, why does it have to be x-ray photons. why can't there be another

light source. i ended up using the flashlight on my iphone and a scanner purchased by the denver museum of science and nature where i hail from. and i discovered that if i scanned the least and shined my iphone flashlight over it i was able to image. as a basis of comparison this is the one that was unprofessionally thousand dollars, lots of hours, and i was able to do this in about two minutes on my own. >> even better. >> yeah. and recently in science there has been a big leap. there simply are not enough scientists to do it all. scientists scientists can analyze it and draw their own conclusions.

the thing the thing about this process is everyone has an iphone nowadays. into their computer. and the reason why in 2014 because they can help us track evolution one of the reasons why have the fossils here. so so that is one of the reasons why was able to do it. i had i had support from the denzer -- denver museum of nature and science. but this was me. >> were you always interested in geology? >> i have always been interested in leaves and plants. when i was younger i did my very 1st science project looking at allergies and try to see which lake in denver had the most lg.

as. as i went to middle school the denver museum hosts an annual science fair. and the 1st year i got an award. the 2nd year i won the science for. and i won the national science fair as well. and and then my 8th grade year i took their place. each time i did something concerning leaves. >> was there a particular technique that made the scanner with the led light work best? did you have to try a bunch of different techniques out? did you just kind of arrive at this on your own? you know, was there sort of a. allowed you to say to

yourself, this might work. >> toward the end of the summer when we were supposed to be wrapping up our research project that i discovered this completely by chance. >> true for a lot of science >> so i've been messing with the scanner. i don't know what to do at this. maybe i should have built the x-ray machine. i was pretty desperate. i designed it, and it has worked. one thing i found is the further away you hold the light the better the picture i tried water on the leaf. there is a substance. >> and that you announce it really well. >> thank you. >> it has worked really well with x-ray photons. i am wondering if it would work with my method and quickly arrived at the conclusion that it was too expensive. i would like to try with

that. another thing that helps there is this packaging. if you put a sheet on top of it before using the flashlight imaging relief it creates a better image. >> so what do you want to do with all of this knowledge? >> well, i would well, i would like to teach it to other people so that we can get the citizen scientists and eventually because this is my junior year of high school's of people asking me what i want to be when i grow up. i think i want to be a bio technical engineer. >> we are so proud of you. what a great presentation. right here. were your parents interested in science? >> my mother is a dr. and my dad is the director of his own school. >> so you had to do pretty good in school. >> yes. >> well, way to go. a wonderful presentation. you explain it well.

[laughter] >> good luck to you. >> thank you. >> it's wonderful. how are you doing? what is your name? >> i am from long island new york. >> i i was born with congenital scoliosis. when it happened so early in development there is not enough space for the heart and likes to develop. the treatment they do is highly invasive. >> you have to repeated over and over again. >> that is what happens to me, and it worked. things we don't want to happen. so what i visited this is an exaggerated version that grows along with the child's spine and keeps us safe as growth is happening so that you can have more space and reduce the number overall. >> what is the principle that allows this to adjust as you grow? >> it is all in the size.

p. over 30 or 40 versions of it i doing something called finite element analysis. minimize the. and i sort of added in all the different features. the problem is that something strong enough does not mean that it will work. the only way to test it out is to put it in an actual human, and human and i did not want to do that. instead i made my own model. and i put this inside of each one stimulating the natural growth. they separate. this is part of the actual one i was able to make. this should have based on these and 50-degree curvature right now.

keeping it straight and allowing growth to happen. >> at what age did you decide there has to be a better way to do this? >> two years later. when i started in high school. in research. i remembered one night i went on my database. the 1st article is by my surgeon. maybe i'm on the something. i just read everything i could. i came up with my own ideas. my 1st model was horrible. i worked on it for three years and am now working with the program.

>> how are you going to be able to test it? yell obviously modeled it and simulated it. i am assuming some computer models will also help. this is about as complicated as a medical device as you could imagine. for it to be implanted would require complicated fda approval. >> the way i looked at it was balancing the strength with the functionality. what is strongest is going to be a sheet of metal. that is what we do. screws at every level. in that keeps them really straight. when you do that to a child they will grow anymore. it is it is a matter of allowing for the most growth that will enable

growth while preventing the curvature from getting worse. >> how do we test? >> and other role models. something like this in a bola does not have scoliosis pretty easily. make sure it works. replace the two of them. they sure that the model is working. >> are you in college now. >> my freshman. >> this is so impressive. >> thank you so much. >> cannot wait to see it working. the notion that you take your own experiences and apply it what a powerful story. and inspiring for other people.

>> to use it to do something and make it better. >> really proud of you. there he is. >> thank you. >> what is your name? >> first of all i'm from arizona. >> starting college? >> a high school senior. >> what do we have hear? >> working on drug development. drugs drugs currently take ten years and $5 billion to bring a single drug to market which is a real problem. what i did was develop a novel approach combining artificial intelligence and biochemistry to train the computer to autonomously find drugs for diseases like cancer or tuberculosis.

my algorithm is able to find an fda approved inhibitor and ragged 1st set of $3,000. i was able to find for new inhibitors for tuberculosis. using my algorithm they have been experimentally validated. so the algorithm so the algorithm is so unique and applicable. these are proteins that change shape constantly discovered recently. so finding a drug is difficult. it's like finding a key for like that keeps changing. i look for a drug that mimics. but we can do is basically checked the other proteins.

that way we are able to block the protein from doing anything and treat the disease. >> you are applying an algorithm to the existing drugs that are already out there? >> that is what we did for tuberculosis and ebola. it is good. you have already tested those drugs. >> so you are finding that the algorithm has been validated. >> exactly. >> it has been validated for cancer, tuberculosis commander looking for ways to tested. >> test it. >> it sounds like a powerful algorithm. >> yes. >> the way they find drugs currently is take thousands of thousands of them. i started reading and i i thought that there had to be a better way to do it. i try. i tried to look for the most elegant approach i could find. >> just saying.

this is what she has been doing. so i assume you want to continue in this field. in light of all the breakthroughs being made my being able to combine big data pools with algorithms like yours potentially we can short-circuit the pathway. you'll still have to do clinical trials. this narrows rapidly what might and might not work and compresses the link the time >> exactly. >> we use simulations. >> well, we're going to put

this young lady in touch with their precision medical team. we just lost a big initiative around these kinds of things. she should be interning and working on the team. nih is doing a lot of the stuff. excellent. come stuff. excellent. come on over here. there you go. >> thank you. >> good morning, mr. president. i am a freshman. >> what do we have? >> the revolutionizing carbon dioxide to generate electricity. first we came up with the idea by thinking of two of

the biggest global problems in the world the energy problem in developing countries and the carbon dioxide issue and in the atmosphere. how can i connect these two problems. that is when i came to thinking about my 1st test which involved how this came i found that as you increase the concentration of carbon dioxide it significantly improves their sales potential from the ongoing to the yellow line. >> why is that? >> carbon dioxide with water is carbonic acid that is a weak ph. the more carbon dioxide you put into pollution of water the more carbonite ions and bicarbonate ions form so it is more conductive. the more that are available, the sales will increase.

>> you can increase the carbon dioxide in certain cell concentrations and significantly improve the voltage. once i had that solved i'm thinking, okay, what else can i implement? i thought about recycled materials. we would fulfill one of the biggest economic history -- there is a history. let's say that turn aluminum cans in the something, compile something, compile the battery and sell them back to consumers and so with that in mind i thought okay aluminum foil guitar

strings. >> a bunch of copper guitar strings. and then the three in scouring pads and in my electrolyte with sodium chloride my liquid ammonia command carbonic acid used to separate the cells from one another. this product, right now i'm getting a patent pending but i see a bigger vision. a co2 system all happening in one confined space which is what i'm working on right now over here. these are just a couple of failed attempts at developing a co2 capture system. i started to think about how humans breathe.

we breathing oxygen to breathe out carbon dioxide. the radically i should be able to take in carbon dioxide and release the other gases i don't need. so here is an example of trying to replicate the pressure gradient that happens within our lines in the atmosphere. striving to represent how our lines expand. we contract in a let's a let's go. this was the co2 capture aspect. eventually three or four years down the road what i intend i intend to do is have a co2 capture aspect. on the bottom would be the energy generation system so the entire thing is happening in one box, user-friendly, easy-to-use and the energy is being wirelessly transferred. >> i tell you what you are going to be busy. >> definitely. >> i am am a freshman. thank you very much.

[inaudible conversations] >> we have an outstanding team right here. >> hello. >> good to see you. good to see you. >> good to see you. the us virgin islands. outstanding. tell me how things have been going. >> things are going great. one of the biggest rocket contest. 700 teams and about 5,000 students. only 100 teams in math and science. >> how did you guys get involved with the rocket team? >> well, it is funded by our

advisor. students who joined the competition. we have completed. >> how are you feeling about this? >> confident. >> you feel confident. i like that. what refinements have you made to your model that makes it can't -- makes you confident? >> well, more and more the rocket that we are currently going to use. >> this rocket right here. we use this one because it is lighter, later in mass. so we calculate the specific way for our criteria is at

least 17 ounces. three criteria. it has flight duration objective. at least 800 feet flight duration 48 to 46 seconds. >> right there. >> that's good work. >> yes, it is. our astronauts. and this right here the criteria is changing. so in the different competitions, and a 700 range. the different range. two instead of one. so the upper would erupt. right in here. and right below is our ultimate airbase.

the components. you come up with the idea. >> the circuit. >> yes. if if you look at a computer motherboard there are different parts of it. we came up with the idea of using a hard cardboard material. and the last component this is our engine component. on our engine. cannot work of required heights. developing it. it's very safe.

>> you feel pretty good about it. >> how exciting. >> i wish you all the luck. >> let's get a good picture. >> let's light over just a little bit. why don't you get in front of me, and lady. there we go. >> good luck, i'm proud of you. how are you? >> good, mr. president.

sergio. and this is your robot. >> i'm guessing your familiar with circuits. >> i am. >> six weeks to build a specific robot. we had the the ball. and then the points. >> another objective we had to test from one robot to another. if you get the ball and shouted yourself you would get ten points. so they kind of emphasized the cooperation with your team. in order to complete the task. preset.

we have a potentiometer here that since is where the motor is. we have two positions, the down position and the opposition that we used to grab the ball in order to throw the ball we have to use the giant piston. they shoot it course. it's pretty wide. depending depending on where we are issue differently. we should it really hard.

>> a little more loft. >> it's really hard to do that with just pneumatics. so it's just on or off. well we did was connected with field-tested. we should them up the ball changes position from where it starts. he goes in this. they they give it time and accountable. the position desire. >> well, we usually try to

make sure we know we want to do. it usually takes about a week which is all the time we want to spend on it. as fast as we can get the design done. >> another pretty cool feature that we have on a robot that we currently don't have on because we borrowed it from a mentor. what it does is shoot waves out and waits for the wave to come back. it comes back. they will tell you there is something that far away. we use that to take the human out of the equation. if it is just standing there it thinks the ball is getting rolled over here and so it senses the velocity and how far away it is. he knows exactly. >> and it is doing that automatically. >> yes.

help us catch the balls that other humans or other robot start to us. and so it works the same way. it senses the ball coming. >> have you ever made it to the robot? pretty good. come on. i'm proud of you guys. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> all right. >> what is your name? >> good to see you. >> you. >> i. >> good to see you.

>> tell me about your experiment, your project. who is going to go 1st? okay. >> girl scout troop 411. >> which is why you guys are wearing capes. >> use it and learning. we decided. the device that would help people. >> they start to expand. >> this is wonderful. how did you figure this out? we had a brainstorming session? is that right?

and how long did it take you to build? >> three months. >> three months? that is what they tell me. you have to read kind of fast. >> i can only be three sentences. >> are. >> are you going to be of the slowing down and speed up? that requires a little bit of an adjustment. >> yes. >> it's a prototype. >> we said that. >> okay. >> so do you guys like things like this? you guys are very good at this. i am impressed. are you resetting this? >> that special. >> that's the page.

>> this is wonderful. can i take a picture with you? okay. >> is confusing. i am going to stand here. i'm going to get down on my knees. okay. so i think where is pete? over they're. right over here. everyone look at say cheese. okay. thank you. this is outstanding. you have to keep on learning math and science. you guys are going to build all kinds of great things. you are already a great invention with your brainstorming a prototype. so what greater you guys in?

>> kindergarten. >> kindergarten. kindergarten. >> kindergarten. excellent. you guys have a good head start. have you been having fun? i am thrilled to have you here. >> have you ever had a brainstorming session? >> i have had a couple brainstorming sessions, but i did not come up with anything this good. you know, i came up with things like healthcare. yeah, it turned out okay. it started out as a prototype. i'm a prototype. i'm going to talk to them. thank you so much. good job. group hug. group hug. that is a good squeeze. go change the world. i like that. >> i am reggie from santa fe, california. >> what you're you in school? >> i'm a senior.

>> i suspect i suspect you will do okay. what have you been working on? >> technology for cardiac health the leading cause of death in the world. current methods for testing and long, online, expensive, invasive. i want to develop a device that was very kind of sensitive. this is what it looks like. so one drop of blood. i can tell you what a certain protein concentration is. >> of the protein in the bloodstream is a high correlation. >> the correlation in your bloodstream. >> so were you already, was the correlation established and the question was how you

detect approaching efficiently? or did you also have to sort of map that correlation? >> this device is actually 250 250 times more sensitive than what is conventionally used. acute cardiac ellis and chronic cardiac illness. >> what was the principle that led you to make it more efficient? >> maximizer manipulate the large surface area. it looks like this. i can watch it. it can be used only for health diagnostics or environmental monitoring. >> where you have a correlation you can establish technology you can get a more sensitive and acute and quicker and ultimately cheaper technique

>> even cheaper than this is the paper-based. so the insulin test. pick it up and use it. extremely cheap, very economical. >> so this seems like a pretty big deal. where are we now in terms of taking what you have learned and using companies already in the diagnostic feel. >> in california we are working on the prototyping stage right now with getting into a handheld device. we're working on that right now. >> obviously you will continue with your research and ideas. >> definitely. >> have an idea of what ultimately you would like to do. >> engineering in college.

>> very proud of you. >> it's great. >> all right. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> so what do we have hear? >> we represent the high school. the choices. the power company. some wings.

>> get some ways going. >> here he is. >> starting to get a little breeze. >> see the light going on. >> okay. >> we developed this device. >> inside the device we have two motors which will act as generators. the surface of the water connected down to a vertical bracket. the documents of the waves.

and that will be generating electricity. >> inverting this mechanical energy. >> require that it goes on. >> actually it's up to nine. >> as the electricity is generated. >> got completely quiet. >> taking light readings every 15 minutes or so. microprocessor.

>> though. there we go. >> that's outstanding. have outstanding. have we tested it? >> we have, actually. >> we week. over the weekend. running across it. >> thank you. >> what you're you? >> both seniors. >> not quite yet. >> you guys are doing great. come on. >> do we have a name? all right. that's outstanding. >> thank you very much.

>> what is your name? where you from? 's. >> got some pretty good schools there. so what do we have hear? >> i always wanted. >> you just made your own. the 1st thing after your done using it be quickly take it apart. the magnets are incorporated and then he folded. you put it aside the for --

[inaudible conversations] >> really handy. >> they come back. >> it's really efficient. relatively simple. you can start. >> and i designed it.

then i 3 d printing. >> that's outstanding. it's. >> i was i was not able to bring it. >> a little bit of shade. >> and it just comes and clips. >> and the main idea. it should be foldable. >> outstanding. way to go. it's my thrill. what do we have hear? >> this can attach. it allows it to be covered.

>> it keeps your hands cleaner and is much more efficient. >> basically like a lover. >> exactly. basically reinvented this concept. it's been around. they all they all come with the chairs. anywhere from two to $10,000 completely open-source. >> you can see it using a bracket mechanism. and basically a goes around. it goes around the opposite way. then we invented the dual

bracket. to set some top of each other. >> you can try it out. >> using the scoreboard. >> i think it came out. >> that you can use this one, the backup. basically it goes in one direction. >> you can hear it. >> it looks like that one. >> well, this looks amazing. save so much money compared to the current cost. >> basically less than 1% of 1 percent of the current cost.

>> how did you get the idea? >> basically the challenge. we were kind of researching. getting wheelchairs to go up and down curbs, but than we realize that that would require a completely knew wheelchair. go we. we ended up doing was deciding that would make attachments for it. we basically came we basically came up with a handwritten attachment to make it cheap. >> let's take a picture. >> really working hard. >> what do we have hear?

>> password security. >> i was reading about this. typing. >> correct. there was not to completely get rid of passwords but the goal is to increase the security of passwords by adding a secondary form of authentication. but i wanted to make a secondary form not cumbersome hard to implement what i decided on the server or the program trying to log into a check your password and then you're you typing style and let you in the system. >> a different typing style. i don't know how people even learn how to type anymore.

>> a lot of people and data do it. >> that is something i actually had to investigate people actually type in different ways. so to do this i used three different factors action time how command line you press down the keys for come upon's time the pause you taken between typing your keys and how line. these are the factors i use to distinguish people's typing styles. >> in your findings were that they were sufficiently distinguishable. >> it would actually work with passwords. >> it would be checked 1st

a 94 percent classification. we get closer to honor percent. >> where you from? >> pennsylvania. >> here are some of our featured programs for this weekend on the c-span networks. on c-span2 book tv saturday at 10:00 p.m. eastern

♪ >> this week on q&a our guest is andrew keen author of the internet is not the answer. objections to the over use of technology, the creation of what he calls false communities through social networking and other thoughts on whet