people. in fact, to the iranian regime -- and those are two different things we're talking about here. he's done nothing to be a threat to those people, and he should be released. you know iran thinks it elevates its position in the world because it does these kinds of things. it does not. certainly, it shows toughness but a barbarian type of toughness that the world is not impressed with at all. this is a country that pushes the envelope whenever it can. this country is at the heart of virtually every problem we have in that part of the world. most importantly, it is one of, if not the most prominent promoters of terrorism in the world. now, some time ago this was thought of as a good thing by some of these nations that -- that don't rise to what they should be on the world stage as an important nation. terrorism was thought as a way that things could be done. in recent years most every

country has had it with terrorism. it is no longer something that people look at and say well, yes, there's terrorism but you need to understand the root causes. that's gone. that's absolutely gone. the other countries in this region have had it with terrorism, and everyone in the region now is going to feel that as we go forward. now, there is hope for iran. the demographics in that country show that there is a real disconnect between the people of that country and the regime that operates that country. most notably as a downside for the present regime is the demographics show that the vast majority of people that -- that are living in iran are young people. they have a different view of the world than the regime does. they are not a -- they are a secular people who do not want to be ruled by a -- by religious

fanatics, which is what they have today and if any event the world is watching how this is going to unfold. now, we have a clear expression. senator cardin made mention of this. we ran this as a separate document not as part of the -- of the resolution that we passed last week. this is a separate document where we are going to have a clear expression of the nature and the view of what the world of -- the world takes of this and the view that the -- that the united states senate and the united states congress takes of the conduct that iran is engaged in. it is a separate view, and i believe it will be very helpful to the notion that this -- this regime in iran cannot cannot continue down the road that it

is going down. iran -- the iran regime purports to represent its people. what it is doing is not helpful to the iranian people. with that, mr. president i'll yield the floor. thank you. the presiding officer: the senator from idaho. mr. risch: i will yield back all remaining time with the consent of my colleague from maryland. the presiding officer: without objection. the question occurs on adoption of s. con. res. 16. is there a sufficient second? there is a sufficient second. the clerk will call the roll.

vote:

vote:

vote:

the presiding officer: have all senators voted or wish to vote or change their vote? if not on this vote the yeas are 90, the yeas are zero.

the concurrent resolution is agreed to. mr. mcconnell:? the presiding officer: the senate majority leader. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate immediately proceed to calendar number 67, s. 136. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: calendar number 67, s. 136 a bill to amend chapter 21 of title 5 united states code and so forth. the presiding officer: without objection, sentence will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bill be read a third time and passed, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table, and any statements related to the bill appear at this point in the record. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: now mr. president, i ask unanimous consent the senate be in a period of morning business with senators permitted to speak therein for ten minutes each. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to

the immediate consideration of calendar number number 69 and 70 s. 179 and s. 994, en bloc. the presiding officer: without objection, the senate will are proceed to the measures en bloc. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bills be read a third time and passed, the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table and that any statements relating to the bills appear at this point in the record all en bloc. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to consideration of calendar number 74 h.r. 651. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: calendar number 71, h.r. 651 an act to designate the facility of the united states postal service located at 820 'emwood avenue in providence, rhode island as the sister ann kiev post office. mr. mcconnell: i said i said

74 it's 71. the presiding officer: the senator is correct. it's 71. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bill be read a third time and passed, the motions to reconsider be made and laid on the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to consideration of s. res. 177 submitted earlier today. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: senate resolution 177 designating may 10 through may 15, 2015 as national police week. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the resolution be agreed to the preamble be agreed to, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: now mr. president, i ask unanimous consent the appointment at the desk appear separately in the record as if made by the chair. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that when the senate completes its business today it adjourn until 10:00 a.m. tuesday, may 12, following the

prayer and pledge the morning hour deemed expired the journal of proceedings be approved to date and the time for the two leaders be reserved for their use later in the day. following leader remarks the senate be in a period of morning business until 12:30 with senators permitted to speak therein for up to ten minutes each with time equally divided in the usual form. further, that the senate recess from 12:30 until 2:15 to allow the weekly conference meetings. further, that by -- that the time from 2:15 until the cloture vote at 2:30 be equally divided in the usual form. finally, that the mandatory quorum call under rule 22 be waived with respect to the cloture vote. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: senators should expect a cloture vote on the motion to proceed at t.p.a. at 2:30 p.m. tomorrow. if there is no further business to come before the senate, i ask that it stand adjourned under the previous order following the remarks of senator brown and senator menendez.

the presiding officer: without objection. mr. brown: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from ohio. mr. brown: i thank the majority leader. mr. president, some in this body seem to be on the verge p approving the largest trade deal in our nation's history with little debate, one rushed hearing and barely any understanding of what we're signing on to. the last time congress considered fast track was 13 years ago. the senate spent three weeks considering that bill. but some would like to condense consideration of the biggest trade deal we've ever debated ever debated, and have it done in advance of memorial day. the reason they know that the more we talk about u.s. trade policy the more the american public doesn't like it. trade promotion authority will give up congress's authority to amend trade agreements. not only will this affect trans-pacific partnership and so call t-chip, the u.s. e.u.

agreement until 2021. millions of american jobs are on the line. this is too important to rush through with little debate and little congressional input. with the memorial day recess approaching, there simply isn't enough time to consider fast track in a manner that allows full debate and consideration of amendments. we don't even know if the senate will vote as a package on all four bills when we consider the finance committee or just vote on fast-track or some combination of the four. if we vote on fast-track alone we'd be giving new rights to corporations while turning our back on treaty cal trade enforcement -- on critical trade enforcement measures. imagine if just t.p.a., fast track gets to the president's desk. while have done nothing on enforcement and we will have left out hope for workers who have lost their jobs because of what this institution did. fast tracking fast-track will

prevent us from having serious debates on issues from public health to the auto industry to international monetary policy. during the finance committee's consideration of this bill, i filed 88 amendments to the package of four bills 81 of those to fast track alone. i offered a number during markup. i'll offer more on the floor. i know senator menendez had a very important amendment and he will be speaking in a moment, in the finance committee that was adopted. i know other colleagues have amendments that will be considered. we should debate these amendments to legislation as important as this. now the majority leader, who just spoke wants us to rush this bill through to fast track fast-track, in the last few days just to get it done, just so the public won't be able to find out what's in it. we owe it to the american people to not rush through something as important as international trade policy. we owe it to the american people to spend the limited time available on the floor passing a

job-creation bill like the highway bill, set to expire may 31, rather than approveably job-killing trade agreement as nafta was as pntr was as cafta was, as south korea was. we know the real answer. this deal amounts to more empty promises. if it were really good for the american worker, why can't the american worker see it? more corporate handouts, more worker sellouts. as many of my colleagues know, this trade agreement simply doesn't work for us. here's what was' wrong with the trade promotion authority. with china, there is no darn tee it won't join -- no guarantee it won't join later. there is no agreement that china can't back door into this agreement without a vote of congress without examination from the american public. second, what happens to american competition? american workers are paid a living wage.

in vietnam the average is $3 a day. how do we compete with that? with currency, we know china gamed the currency system year after year after year. they don't play by the same rules as we do. in corporations, shift from democratically elected government to governments of corporations. we've seefn it -- seen it in tobacco, seen it in minimum wage. where corporations in one country can sue a government even if that government passed a law democratically through a democratic process. our trade deals mr. president amount to corporate handouts and worker sellouts. people in my state know what happened since nafta. they promised nafta would bring millions of jobs. instead we've lost five million manufacturing jobs in this country since 1994. it's only since the auto rescue in 2010 that we begin to gain those jobs back. we know our trade deals for

expwis to compete -- for small business to compete with companies abroad. these foreign companies don't have to abide by the same american laws that we do. with so much to do at home and so much stake in this deal, we shouldn't be rushing the process of considering fast-track. we should be working on a living wage. we should be working on paid sick and family leave. we should be working on equal pay for equal work. we should be working on investments to infrastructure and innovation. instead the majority leader wants to fast track fast-track, wants to put this trade agreement on the floor as quickly as possible. this body should deliberate methodically and carefully before we agree to become a rubber stamp for the white house's trade policy. it's not worked for us in the past. it won't work for us in the future. this body should not be rushing to give up our authority on trade. mr. president, i yield the floor.

mr. menendez: mr. president i rise today to draw attention to the international plight of human trafficking and its relationship to our nation's trade agenda. according to the state department's trafficking in persons report, human trafficking is about recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force fraud or coercion. it is an unacceptable global scourge. it must end and cannot be rewarded by any trade agreement. sexual exploitation, forced labor, forced marriage and the sale and exploitation of children around the world should be a global cry for justice. but as benjamin franklin said,

justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are. today we are all outraged at the violence the psychological terror and the greed that drives human trafficking. we're outraged that there are 50 million refugees and displaced people around the world the largest number since world war ii many of whom are targets of traffickers. we're outraged that 36 million women, children and men around the world are subjected to involuntary labor or sexual exploitation. we're outraged when we hear that over five million of them are children that forced labor generates about $150 billion-plus annually, the second largest income source for international criminals next to the drug trade. the victims of these crimes, the

term modern slavery more starkly describes what is happening around the world. and it must end. trafficking victims protection act requires that the state department annually publish a trafficking in persons known as the tip report, that ranks each country based on the extent of government action to combat trafficking. now, tier three in that listing is the worst of these rankings. it indicates that a government does not comply with the trafficking victims protection act's minimum standards and it is not making significant efforts to do so. tier 3 countries are those that have not even taken the most basic steps to address their human trafficking problem and have not provided protection for trafficking victims. and in the most recent tip report published the state

department ranked 23 countries as tier 3 countries like north korea, iran and cuba have flaunted international legal laws and threatened to threat global security. malaysia a middle-income country by most standards has the resources and the wherewithal to address human trafficking within its borders but has for years now failed to take sufficient action to warrant an upgrade on the tip report. so mr. president it's unfortunate that the scale of the human trafficking problem in malaysia is vast and is in sectors that will directly benefit from increased trade when t.p.p. trade agreement is concluded. the state department's 2014 trafficking in persons report states -- quote -- "many migrant

workers on agricultural plantations, at construction sites, in textile factories and in homes as domestic workers flout malaysia are -- throughout may lay shah are ex--- exploited s. and most disappointing the state department wrote last year that the malaysian government was neglecting the problem. the 2014 tip report continues to read -- and i quote -- "malaysian authorities continued to detrain trafficking victims in government facilities for periods of time that sometimes exceeded a year. victims had limited freedom of movement. victims -- victims -- had limited freedom of movement and were not allowed to work outside facilities. the government provided minimal

basic services to those staying in its shelters. n.g.o.'s with no financial support from the government, provided the majority of rehabilitation and counseling services. the government identified 650 potential victims in 2013, significantly fewer than the 1,096 potential victims identified in 2012. it reported fewer investigations 89 compared to 190. and fewer convictions compared to the previous year. furthermore, in january 2013, the malaysian government implemented a policy that places the burden of paying immigration and employment authorization fees on foreign workers rather than on employers increasing the risk of workers falling into debt bondage. and while nearly a year has passed since the state

department issued its 2014 report as recently as april 17, this past month the u.s. ambassador to malaysia said that the malaysian government needs to show greater political will in prosecuting human traffickers and protecting their victims if the country hopes to improve on its current lowest ranking in the tip report. it is precisely to combat crimes like these that congress has taken action this year to fight modern slavery. earlier this year the foreign relations committee under the leadership of chairman corker held an important hearing on human trafficking on february 4. on april 22, congressman chris smith of new jersey held a house subcommittee hearing examining the state department's trafficking in persons report emphasizing the need to maintain the integrity of the tier ranking system. on that same day the senate

voted 99-0 on april 22 for the justice for victims trafficking act authored by senator cornyn. later that day in the finance committee, a bipartisan group of 16 senators voted for my amendment to prohibit fast-track procedures from applying to any trade agreement with a country ranked as tier 3 the worst ranking. congress has never before approved a free trade agreement much less fast-tracked one with any country while it was ranked tier 3. and i do not believe we should start now. i want to be clear. the amendment i offered and was adopted with a bipartisan vote in the finance committee is not meant to single out malaysia or any other country. my anti-trafficking provision to the fast-track bill is a simple

bipartisan statement of our american values. contrary to the administration's comments my amendment is not a poison pill. i don't know when trying to fight human trafficking becomes a poison pill. nothing could be further from the truth. senator cornyn, perhaps the senate's strongest advocate for victims of human trafficking voted for my amendment. senator portman the former u.s. trade representative, voted for my amendment. senator wyden the ranking member of the finance committee and coauthor of the bipartisan congressional trade priorities and accountability act also voted for my amendment. in total ten members of the finance committee who voted for my amendment also voted for the fast-track bill. i cannot believe that we have seen such a strong bipartisan vote from so many senators who support fast-track if this

amendment were truly a poison pill. now, the administration has recently said that this amendment would would move our ability to use our trade dialogue to encourage countries to take action on human trafficking. but i want the record to reflect the fact that trade negotiations with the united states have not improved most countries' human trafficking performance. it is clear that years of engagement with malaysia on this issue, even with the carrot of the t.p.p. negotiations hanging before it, has not been enough to generate action from the malaysian government. of the 17 countries the united states has entered into trade agreements with since 2001, the first year of the trafficking in persons report, eight have not improved their trafficking in persons rankings since their trade deals entered into force.

so for nearly almost a decade and a half eight have not improved their rankings since the deals entered into force. and three countries have actually had their trafficking in persons rankings downgraded. the facts are abundantly clear. free trade negotiations have never been a successful tool in encouraging other countries to improve their performance on combating human trafficking. now, i understand the administration's concerns when they say the affect of my amendment on the current t.p.p. negotiations but i hope that, as the state department finalizes the 2015 report, there is no undue influence to move countries around in order to benefit the administration's

trade agenda. the integrity of the t.i.p. report is at stake and rest assured that congress will provide the appropriate to ensure that integrity. in the state department's own words, the t.i.p. report is -- quote -- "the u.s. government's principal tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking." and furthermore i now understand that the administration is reaching out to human rights groups seeking compromise language that would address the concerns about human trafficking in our trade partners that i and others have spoken of. so i'm pleased that the administration recognizes the validity of my position, as adopted by the finance committee, and agrees that it is appropriate to address human trafficking in this trade bill. let me close by saying, i want to remind my colleagues that the fast-track negotiating authority

is precisely -- precisely -- the point at which congress lays down the rules the conditions, the principles by which the administration is granted our constitutional prerogative to negotiate international trade deals. any suggestion that the senate finance committee's bipartisan statement of negotiating principles is an interference with the administration's prerogatives gets that constitutional relationship backwards. we set the terms mr. president. the administration follows those terms in their negotiations. it is not our job to trim our principles to match the deal that they have already negotiated. this goes to the very heart of our congressional duties and to the heart of our constitutional power over international trade. and i believe it goes to the heart of the debate over fast-track authority itself that we began in the finance committee and will soon engage on the senate floor as early as

tomorrow. do we set the terms by which our trade powers are delegated to the administration or do they dictate the terms they will accept which brings me to the question of the trade bill we may be considering as earl early as tomorrow. we do not know whether the hard-fought product of the finance committee will be respected? we do not know in a major trade preference package or a long-awaited trade enforcement reforms will be included. when we are asked to vote on cloture tomorrow, at least at this point will we be voting for a blank piece of paper? how can any member in their right mind vote to move forward when they don't even know what they are moving forward on? i've asked to see the text because i want to see among other thirntion things, whether the amendment on human traffic something in there?

it's nearly 7:00 on the evening before we're going to vote at 2:30 tomorrow. either the members of the senate vote enblank on the most significant trade bill that has been had in well over a decade. that's not good enough for me and it should not be good enough for the united states senate. i hope as we move forward to consider a fast-track bill, my colleagues will bear in mind the importance of protecting the senate finance committee's process, just as we protect the process of every committee whose bills are brought to the senate floor. so i'm asking my colleagues to keep this amendment in the bill and help fight the scourge of modern slavery. the bill reported by the finance committee puts a strong emphasis on our need to match the actions we take on human trafficking at home to those we take in the international arena. and while we may not agree with the specifics of our trade policy i hope that when the

fast-track bill comes to the floor, the senate will stand together reaffirming our commitment to holding our trading partners accountable for their lack of action on combating human trafficking. with that, mr. president i yield the floor. the presiding officer: the senate

>> robots i think isn't especially interesting one because 2014 i think was the year of robot angst. i don't know if the day went by when i didn't see some kind of story about how robots are stealing jobs from humans and it's on a daily basis. you hear stories about here's a robot that has been a bartender. here's a robot that is mena wader and so on and so on. the thing that i find, the point that i think that is messed and that is that every prior revolution or dance and automation is actually resulting in better jobs for humans. we are really worried about the robots taking our jobs in a hard time imagining what we are actually doing not just 200 years from now but even 10 years from now.

i think that history has shown that we will figure out a way to combine with the robots to create new jobs, again that were previously unimaginable. up next here on c-span2 air

force academy superintendent lieutenant general michelle johnson on the future of the academy, cybersecurity training and sexual harassment in the military. she spoke friday at the national press club here in washington d.c.. [inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon and welcome. my name is john hughes. i'm an editor for bloomberg first word. that's her breaking news desk in washington and i'm president the national press club. the club is the world's leading professional organization for journalists. we are committed to our profession's future three programs just like this and we fight for a free press worldwide. for more information about the club, visit our web site press.org. to donate to programs offered through our clubs journalism institute visit

press.org/institute. on behalf of members worldwide i want to welcome you to today's luncheon. i would also like to welcome our c-span and public radio audiences. you can follow the action on twitter. use the hashtag and pc lunch and remember the public attends our lunches. a plaza's not evidence of a lack of journalistic objectivity. after our guest speech we will have a question and answer session and i will ask as many questions as time permits. our head table includes guess of our speaker and working journalists who are members of the national press club. let me introduce them to you now. i would ask each person to stand briefly as names are announced. from the audiences right will watson, vice commander of post

20 of the vfw, former newspaper editor and 20 year national press club member. larry hultgren, u.s. air force special adviser to the superintendent and a guest of the speaker. patrick post, correspondent for defense daily. captain cindy dawson, u.s. air force aid to the superintendent and a guest of the speaker. donna leinwand lachey, breaking news reporter at "usa today"" a past president of the national press club and vice chair of the club's speakers committee. skipping over our speaker for a moment gene tye, u.s. air force retired and an npc member who arrange today's luncheon. thank you so much, jean. lieutenant cassie m. grenell u.s. air force section commander, 811th fss squadron

and a guest of the speaker. jeffrey stinson, editor for stateline. michael bruno, business editor for aviation week magazine. [applause] lieutenant general michelle johnson joins us to mark the 60th anniversary of the air force academy which she leads. she is the academy's first female superintendent and that is one of a stream of first that she has achieved at the school. she was the first female cadet to become a wing commander the first women's basketball team member to score 1700 points, and the first female graduate to be chosen as a rhodes scholar.

.. cyber warfare and a major in computer network security. immediately before her appointment to head the air force academy johnson was the deputy chief of staff for operations and intelligence at nato headquarters.

ladies and gentlemen please give a a warm national press club welcome to lieutenant general michelle johnson. [applause] >> mr. president and members , thank you so much for including me. the press part is so important our democracy, but democracy, but the history of this building, it is extraordinary to be included. it has been a wonderful week actually. we came out a couple of of days ago on a c 17 with the football team. to to take the trophy to the white house yesterday, but in the morning -- [applause] so more about that later. in the morning we went to arlington cemetery and the

seniors on the football team were there with the coaches. we went out to some of the -- the tomb of the unknown soldier but have the privilege of seeing a couple of reasons presented by middle school kids. kids. just really powerful. as we were walking away we actually spotted a grave from a triple ace in the korean war but have a couple of kills and world war ii. today, so timely. the 70th anniversary of the victory over the european theater extraordinary to remind the cadets what we are a part of and what this means. i will talk about this more in a moment but over 41 years of an all volunteer force in our country is really something to think about, the people who sign

up and are willing to serve in this day and age. it has been a wonderful experience. and at the white house yesterday to shake all the cadets hands and look them in the eye and make them understand what we take an oath of the constitution, it encompasses all of us elected officials, that is would take an oath to. it is exciting to be here, great to be in washington. when you live in colorado. [laughter] thank you so much so. since taking command there has been a concerted effort to help educate people about our academy. when i talked to my colleagues ted carter or lieutenant general bob tasman at west point, they have to allow that geographically it is easier for academics, government leaders to go over to an apple is a west point than to make their way to colorado springs. that makes it difficult, but it is an all volunteer force

and we need to invite people to have the opportunity to serve and have them understand it is a possibility. each one of us has a role. in the academy's overall that we play. only one of the triad of commissioning sources in the services. rotc, reserve officer training that you may be familiar with. officer training schools people with their academic degree already to train to become an officer, and in the service academies that are four-year undergraduate institutions that it's a tough issue bachelor of science degrees regardless of your mayor -- major. the core major. the core curriculum is 101 of the 146 or so hours needed to graduate and there is so much foundation and stem and the humanities but everyone has a bachelor of science degree.

so that is so that is part of trying to develop balanced leaders. that is our job. not as agile as rotc but we can have a more long-term effect, and that is why we exist. roughly 1/4 of the officers in the air force each year are graduates of the academy. between 901,000 each year. at the end of the day over half of the general officers him an academy graduates. maybe it is self-fulfilling because people come with the intent to stay. hopefully because it is an inspiration that we can include in the program. we certainly aim to do that. connects are expecting a meaningful experience that will provide the foundation for undergraduate and serve as a fabric with which the other commissioning sources can integrate to make an officer corps, especially in the air force. when i arrived to mom and the other issues going on

actually, i would love for you to come visit and know that 99 percent of the activities are just like you would want to be. in our case we are held to a high standard. any divergence gets attention. at the same at the same time we face draconian budget situations. the title sequester and some draconian budget cuts that i think maybe had not been thought through all the way. business mentors tell me that there is -- don't waste a good crisis. let's get back to basics. and so my team put it together so that it was not me directing top-down. but but together what you think we're supposed to be doing.

the foremost purpose, but also to expose the cadets to all the aspects of the air force mission, air whether they go on to fly or not understanding how it works the logistics, the discipline to go out your to do flying or jump out of planes powered flight and soaring, that experience but also faith. have is to be in colorado springs, but it is put

together by cyber. that domain is so important. the interstitial material to make it all work with her you are the expert or the it part of it for just a practitioner trying to make it work. it will require cognizance. we have work to do. but internalizing the air force the post airmen are's different from sewers and sales and to ourselves. have sellers. we are supposed to be. you want us to be resourceful. airmen were born -- i saw david mccullough this morning talking and interviews on television his book about oracle william right, but airmen had to figure out where do you overcome about through the stretches and to try to find a solution. and so we have evolved. airmen solves problems differently. solved problems differently. part of it is understanding

that tradition, trying to be creative and prepared because things happen at a high rate of speed, but disciplines to stay focused on the mission, and that is the balance that we strike. unique about the academy academy, we don't just where uniforms on thursdays, not that there's anything wrong with that. and and it is day in and day out. we find interesting areas with a knew generation call it the millennial's and how to work in this seat those this immersion in a world where you are connected all the time every minute with a smart phone or something in your hand different than this model that west point

started with, how and should we cloister people away in 2015, or is adjusting that part of making it relevant to this century and new profession of arms? and so we were exploring some avenues and i we will share with you in a moment. we want to expose the cadets march to lunch. all the time. we are the dead. we went to arlington to not forget the business we are in and with the cancer expects of us. we we have retirements and promotions. we celebrate the promotions of others. that that is a part of military culture that civilians, don. let me get this straight, we are all happy that that person just got promoted? yes. and there is a goes with the yes. because the best in each other's the best in all of us command that is part of our culture, but i tell the kids, i no you will be marching in the battle go with the discipline teamwork, attention to detail that you show in

doing the pageantry and performing a pageantry gives people confidence that he can do the other things with the supplement teamwork and attention to detail. so far they have gotten that. but singularly well we are known for that does not come out is the caliber, caliber the quality of the education we provide. from the very beginning this was meant to be a balanced curriculum, harmonizing technical cognizance the ability to do specific problem-solving the science is require and also with a balance of the humanities because we're meant to lead humans and most of the things the pres.

read off have to do with humans, not have come about technology, not science. if we don't understand the human condition and try to see how ancient writers were modern poets address the human condition so that we can deal with these abstract problems then we will not have created the leaders you want from us. so this education is out tremendously high-caliber command a lot of people just people, just because they want to serve but the caliber of education we provide and also to compete command that is just athletics, 27 division i sports. but competition is part of the warriors he throws. i want to fight to win and i we will do it with perseverance and self-respect and tenacity. whether it is a forensics team, cyber team waiting in the wings whenever we left the white house yesterday so that he can bring in a cyber squad. next year.. next year. next year we will come in. clothes, music programs we do this on the shoulders of an immaculate installation

which is harder and harder to maintain when the budget constraints with the dod. we try to maintain an open but secure base so that people can come in and see whether it is conferences academic conferences sporting events, iconic chapel, i'm new building we're just getting ready to complete, skylight tower that aims at polaris and hopefully be part of the outreach. we want people to visit the. yet we need to protect our precious cargo. there are real threat because we are symbolic place, but we need to keep that. so i read about those eight areas will we think the air force wants of us. i communicated back, is this what you want us to do? they said, yes do that.

it will cost this much. okay. and so they have been supportive because frankly, the numbers thrown out and washington are not huge. we don't even make the backup slides. but it is but it is important because it is strategic, education, training, our seed corn. we have benjamin this was supported. but what will we do with all of that? we know we are weak -- we know what we are supposed to do. we know why we are supposed to do it. they want inclusive innovative airmen the good thing, solve abstract problems. i. i recently wrote a column in the colorado springs gazette it had to do with the issues i go through with my sons. you don't always have directions for all the problems. how will we have them solve problems that don't have a picture on the box? only create minds innovative

enough. einstein has been quoted as saying we cannot solve our problems. we want to live up to that. we are that. they are attempting to innovate how we deliver this essence of the academy and with the changing input signal, 1999 our 1st class graduate of the 207 men. in 18 days he we will graduate 674 men and 189 women. that that is a change. we have about 23 percent women now 27 percent minorities. although that is changing because of the blended nature of our country which is pretty great.

the boxes on the survey almost don't apply anymore. we also have over 50 students from other nations for partners around the world have international students, some stay for years, some come for a semester. the western european nations tend to come for a semester. we, likewise, exchange with them to make sure that we look like and know the people we defend all the while i went down the road. road. the students that are coming up pretty impressive. you know it's like the electoral college, congressional district determine which applicants come in. they had a lot of people from the south. more geographic diversity. all the academy's have

tremendous geographic diversity and we depend upon delegations to nominate cadets, and we will appoint them if they meet those standards. this is why we want to make sure we get balance and diversity. other avenues to try to make sure we look like the country we defend, which may not always happen. it takes about a pac to figure out how all the rules work on that, that's the nature of our session. >> october college presidents have a little different approach than we do. amazing people. the average high school gpa is 3.5. average is a cheese 100 points higher than the national average. one in ten were class presidents, one in 101 in ten were valedictorians or salutatorian's, and then the athletics water. so high-caliber people. we want to make sure we offer our essence and areas that challenge them and make sure they're ready for complex interconnected future. one of my commander's intent was to integrate and

innovate. we want to do that by how we deliver those elements. academically we are examining outcomes. what should someone know to be an avid thinker? dean is a very progressive -- dean -- he did his doctoral work at mit, northwestern graduate. great that he is not a graduate of the air force academy. we try to have circulation to make sure that we are relevant. we are looking at a core curriculum to make it more difficult to disciplinary. take a test. we want to link it together. we want satellites, a management major. if we look if we look at cyber we want to have people focusing on law and political science. what are the consequences of the technology and it was mentioned, computer network security and nuclear weapons

of strategy as well. every graduate the image of experience within the broad definition of. the of no space. the freshman go on eight or nine rights which are very great. but these actually do acrobatics, and we went -2 geez. i negative two geez. i realized i was not a jew shape, but it was. but they soar, job firefly a remotely piloted a remotely piloted aircraft. the discipline command to the pregnancy, logistics astronautics connect to have cadets designed to build and launch rockets. work closely. when it's open space the maneuver it try to make sure they're ready to go to

understanding of what our mission to the air force is. all i cadets are learning more. working to develop cyber innovation centers based on the highly successful center of innovation a partnership with a partnership with the department of homeland security right now. that is on the academic side the military training side is 247365. surprised sometimes. you are doing it. you don't you don't just talk about it in classes, have power points. we said, right. so we try to live it every day. they have come up with things that were better. a lot of the things they are doing and are weak or worse, weaker, worse different, modern commander think that's better. a hundred cadets compete.

instead of just more push-ups and situps and reciting more every and running more, which they do plenty of quiet sure you. they you. they were also able to use do competitions that would include motor courses, but also the use of software used in national catastrophes for tracking victims, for tracking teams. it is not quite blue force tracker, but it is a technology that is in use in haiti after the country was so devastated and they are learning how to do a control room to say not only are we performing, tracking. and you can clearly see that it is an analogy for something that they will do in the real world, tracking in operation, and exercise. they they can use the software to do it better and have understood with the

other thing we're trying to do in our approach philosophically is take into account the paragraph that thomas payne wrote. these are the times that try men's souls. at the end of that he says what we obtain too cheaply we esteem too lightly. it is the dearness that gives everything its value. have skin in the game, but i thought i was a cadet and what i was on faculty 20 years ago, embassy it again now, over managing and under scheduling people how are we helping them learn to be adults, to be able to walk out and be ready to go and not have to find themselves for a couple of years? and so how do we balance the immersion and the discipline

with relevant leadership and approach it differently? so we are actually letting go a little bit and saying to the seniors, you don't have to sign in. in. just be where you need to be and still do everything. manager time. now i can run downtown right now but i have three papers to do. i will stay and work. start start making those priorities. those are the thought patterns that you need to learn and it is working. we have to be brave when they scraped their knees in the the difference in transcript and being crossed the line. they have appreciated that, and we're trying to look at things like excuse absences which sounds crazy but if you have a chance to plan ahead and say to the teacher, the whether has been bad, if i give us your class i can get my last parachute jump in. i have three tests tomorrow.

i think i'm doing okay in a class, but if i can mr. class i could focus on them and do better. making choices, simple things institution of higher ed and we want them to make good choices so that they have those skill sets looking at there scheduled calls, which is, you know 53 many classes with seven minutes in between. does that sound like college to you? we are looking at the way that we do classes a lot of time for labs, maybe evening classes. you get the lecture at night and we have used those. trying to think about how we deliver the essence of this in a relevant way to prepare them for this new world. athletically the test to pass our teams, all of them can be great.

they do committee service projects, the baseball team, every town they went to they would do a committee service project. fire or flood or help the soup kitchen because we want them to have a a servant's heart and the habit and thought of service. it is hard to measure, but a committee service especially in a place that had been devastated by wildfires and floods, they spent a lot of time. a lot of outreach with local schools. the black engineer of the year conference, golden torch award for the time that they spent downtown with kids that need to be prepared for the future as well. so there are so many ways to contribute, and sometimes by athletic teams, sometimes just groups of cadets. some of the things you do you have to jump off a 10-meter board and swim under a bulkhead and do all

the survival swimming things that do not come easily to people. but you have to do that and face your fear. intramural's organizing the program and doing the logistics to make it work. so those are the things we are trying to do differently culture and climate, we look forward to opening this new building which is represented all across the academy: this is one place where people can gather to work on that and it is not the honor code. ours is the foundation. we realize that it is not sufficient to follow. you have to live honorably. those are the kind of things we are trying to address, how to live honorably and to live up to the core values of the air force. and so we are trying to think about the knew

profession of arms. more moral courage. how do you measure that? do we value only valor? how do you measure those kind of things? you can hear i spent a lot of time in coalitions with nato. we need to put these things together. so we know we need to work with cadets but just as there is scholarship about grit we realize even the philosophers have started saying, you could have pristine character but if you're in a toxic environment the best thing you can do is maybe not

budge. so it is bad apples versus the bad barrel. i don't think we had a bad barrel but i don't think were paying attention to the barrel. the professional development are we living up to those things? it is easy to blame the generation. but how are we doing? that is what we are focusing, the professional development of faculty and staff. and a climate of respect includes. >> the president pointed out, religion, sexual orientation, diversity of thought, that is what we mean. it is not easy. there are many national issues played out because there are many -- southern colorado is an interesting place wife in politics.

we have religious headquarters across the highway from us, and colorado is legalize marijuana. is marijuana. is not for us but it is an interesting place to be in the middle of all that and also on the issue of sexual assault. it is a plague on campuses nationwide. it lays out a lot of the issues. i assure you we are working really hard to figure out how best to discuss this issue. i don't know about your parents, we did not have long conversations about what a healthy sexual relationship is. the things you say have consequences. you cannot be too differently. trying to be more frank but

we need to talk about boundaries and now how to eliminate key enablers by pornography and alcohol. she says high school boys. ♪ diffuse the pornography a week which is a loving, beautiful, a cystic pornography but giving them ideas about what is expected and what your supposed to do and who was is supposed to like what command it is dangerous stuff. and alcohol. we put together a paper that was just published by the inside higher education. here is what we do.

we are called out in the op-ed for our reporting of the clear react. we we said what we lay out how much we do report so that people can know where we are. in fact next week i will have the dod biannual survey come out. an alternate use the do anonymous service to understand the prevalence. people anonymously what is happened and then alternate years we measure against reports to see how close are getting. it sounds counterintuitive but we want reports to go up so that we can know because it is a terribly underreported crime, but we want the reports to match the incidents, and for both of them to go down. we have laid out in article that we will commute referred to. we try to refer to the experts in the field.

we want to make sure we hold perpetrators accountable respecting accountable respecting everyone's rights. and that is great about democracy. this is an area where it is difficult. even though their expectations a lot of times is a continuation to make and ten behavior were someone crosses a the line. so that's about one 5th of them. another one 5th-things that happened before they came to the academy. well, we have all these victim care agencies and protections. if you could make a report restricted her to make it unrestricted we will take care of you and i we will it prosecute if we can examine the crime. more and more reports of becoming unrestricted so

that we can try to prosecute. three fifths of the salts are in that area of unwanted touching unwanted sexual contact and what we have not addressed as a nation very much. in fact to my think that is where the conversation needs to go to what is really happening. the scene at the end of the summer when the boys are out in the bleachers asked what happened of the summer that she put up a fight that getting the 2nd base on the other person is want you to when he still ways avoid having the marginal issue to steal our narrative.

when he goes on we want to be able to prosecute, punished for my help said, work, rehabilitate, address it and take care of it. we sincerely care about that. the don't fill your prisoners. we started in rotc exchange. one of the university of south carolina 80 san antonio.

and what will you bring back to us? the free civilian world versus the air force academy. how can we do just this generation are give perspective? and this will only be small numbers, numbers, just one of the menu of things that we are trying to look at. summer research and cultural immersion are incredibly important with industry or are the holocaust experience, the ncaa diversity, all kinds of different experiences with industry to expose them and

also so that they can learn how to cook for themselves and maybe go to a meal on time without someone telling you. we think they need other skills. as i mentioned, the schedule calls being worked on as well. to wrap it up we think that it is working. repeatedly recognized for success in academic and research. best public colleges, but number 34 out of 650. world report said 50. world report severe number five in undergraduate in the end, number two in arrow and astro engineering and number 70 200+ schools for insiders mostly standardized tests, with the number four smartest college and the guys at annapolis think are just so hard and there's. [laughter] they do all kinds of amazing things community service just trying to hear where did the leaders that you can be proud of to do the five missions of the air force that we want to do but do

them differently, air superiority, global strike, rapid global mobility. i flew heavy aircraft, jumbo jets and cargo and -- air refueling. intelligence surveillance, reconnaissance, commanding control. these are the enduring missions of the air force are but we do not do that with the same platforms you just saw flyby. we even with new platforms a monarchy that's to be ready to rise and lead. i am argue let me tell you a little bit about the academy, academy, and i'm glad to answer your questions. thank you. [applause] >> well, thank you so much. here in washington we hear so much about budget challenges, sequestration, the military, talking about competition reform, sort of in a time of austerity, almost in the military in some regard. how does this affect the

view from the cadet? does it make it more difficult for you to attract cadets to this type of arming? >> well, obviously we all face similar challenges. we try to go back to basics. we have discipline our system so that when we asked for money it is justifiable, it makes sense. i would say that they are impact is not on the cadet because we can double down and work harder to make sure that we take care of the experience, but it is difficult to maintain faculty with no stability. had we give confidence to the about 25 percent of faculty for civilians? don't have a job a job next semester cause of this is a challenge of sequester stability because we are labor-intensive, an institution of higher education. i don't have fleet of aircraft i can ground, a lot of zero nm funds, operations and maintenance funds labor-intensive. so if this has happened in the past it disrupts the

flow for faculty. that is actually where our challenge comes. >> last week at the same podium we had secretary ray mavis. the navy's future lying navy's future lying and runs another unmanned aircraft such as robotic submarines. what is the future for air men and women and if a child born today was to be an air force fighter pilot, will they be a job for him or her 21 years from now. we don't allow retirements. it's a pretty fair bet. we so often think of these things a separate. they don't act in isolation.

the pictures connectivity. it's a network. for someone to be in rapid city south dakota and have a target at risk and that afghanistan thing during my someone in colorado springs. now stuff upon and then in support of ground forces it's hard to say any of this is isolation. people see this network a fantastic colleague and great leader. he and i talked about this. after -- is not an airplane, it is a node. new fighters are not like the ones we just saw fly past but on their own. it is a node, a part of the system command when you look at these fighters, the f-22

come after teefive's they're more than ever length. that is why they are fifth-generation fighters, not why they are fifth-generation fighters, not just health but the other things that they are linked to. and so for airmen they're will be a place for a piloted aircraft, especially and have these. decisions have to be made that humans need to do. cyber is not a separate thing connected everything. they are vulnerable because that's us. you may not do it with sour come to have tower, not work waste everyone's of my tapping into that i couldn't even know. the speed of light. so think of it as a network, that is the challenge and knowing how we all fit into that network. >> several questions about cyber.

mentioned in your talk is now but also the interest from cadets in this area something there coming in and want to go into or do we still need to you to you know, recruit and persuade people to be interested in cyber security? >> the recruiting and explaining is as much for the topic of cyber marching in running and growing to the modern jumping of a tower in those things.

between bits of malware detected in the system so that you can stop it from happening again. someone wants to invest in that malware, you can do it once and you have got it and you can move forward, and that is the kind of stuff there coming up with for cyber defense. we we want more of that awareness command for the practitioners to not laugh it off. modern warfare. picture of that right next to an airplane and a rocket. everyone needs to be linked. public-private funding is that is where the really great ideas coming from and

we are going missing conjunction with space command as well. can of like the equivalent of our airfield so that all of our cadets can get a feel for it and realize anyone who has a computer laptop, smart phone is a soft.for someone to get in and a weapon system as well. >> you mentioned sexual assault, sexual harassment. this question announce that senator question joe brand in the context of the military's come out in support of the policy the put sexual harassment cases in the hands of a a private prosecutor in the commander or the persons direct chain of command. what you think is the best way to handle this command have you handle this at the efforts me? >> a position. i'm a commander command i no how difficult it is to prosecute. it is no easy thing to prosecute these cases.

we talk about her victims how was the victim doing what kind of care is the victim getting. as part of my commanders of possibility. see if we take it to court. make sure we can account for our choices. different things that we can do militarily. we still want to discipline people because of the culture respect and that they sign up for. so i feel like we have been very accountable hopefully

we can earn the trust of others as well as we try to get best practices mothers. that's why we wrote and exactly what we do expected survey constantly come as you can imagine. i think the commander does it. i don't know that will be the panacea for this. that's why the department's position has been to continue to commanders be responsible for that. >> if you had the whole cadet for your experience to do over again what would you do know is you did not do then, and how would you change the experience and also, what was it like for you in the late 1970s as a woman, how are you treated at the academy command how is the treatment of women and the service academy changed or improved?

you can see it coming. the if these crazy catch 22 things said to you like women can do that, but i can do that. and there's something wrong with you. the good news is we have come through that. you guys just graduated. i doing okay? that is not an issue. it is hard for boys to grow to men and girls to go to women in a competitive environment. so it is not perfect, but that does not seem to be issue for rejecting of

rejecting someone. this generation see much more open-minded. we have an affinity group for lgv cadets come about 200 of them are openly gay or lesbian or bisexual. i am sure that there are others who are not out. some people cannot go home to mom and dad because mom and dad they are not out to mom and dad but feel safe with us. us. that level of mutual respect works out pretty well, i think. but it was not easy back then, and it toughens you up a bit. but anybody who has been other them i think someone who has been other, i cannot assume to know what it's like is a lack of diversity of professional .-dot sometimes. if you don't wear the same magi where i don't know about you. so so those are the kind of things you work through. then that we're has been a great change for this generation.

>> the air force has had difficulty attracting minority pilots command you can tell us if you believe that is true. what has the academy down to try to address the problem? >> it is a funny thing, and i am not sure how it comes to this, but this is chief of the department is concerned about making sure everyone has the opportunity that they can. trying to reach out more and more and connect with our graduates with our going out the pilot training to say you can ask for help. sometimes when your in a minority, and i had a brief experience of that at the academy and then over the year at the air force and sometimes you don't want to ask for help because of the many things that come along with that.

as the 4 percent many don't know someone the military. we all have a role that you may not realize. me was kids in schools. we try to do as much outreach as we can. the champion homeless, african-american a rare

american success story. we no there are kids out there like that of the grinning capability command we try to let them know. but the black engineer of the year award to talk to some kids from middle schools in dc commander tried to say what i did. big, heavy jets. c-130s, no bigger than that. they only knew two kinds of military aircraft because i i was what was in their game: thirtys and helicopters. the only way they know that the military is to games. this is a real challenge. o as possible, fun, good. helps them know that i've been married for 25 years the summer, my husband was the summer, my husband was a pilot and we had fun boys who were 12. that keeps us young and helps us stay in touch but

really, you can have a family and be happy? and you can have a family and be a pilot and be in an amazing contributions your country. we're trying to reach out more and more. >> before i asked the final question i want to remind our audience about some upcoming speakers. the the ceos of american delta and united airlines will appear together at a luncheon one week from today, friday, may 15. garrison keillor, author and host of the prairie home companion we will address the press club on may 22 and we want to remind everybody that barry trott coach of the washington capitals is going to be here on july 8 and note that that comes after the stanley cup playoffs. just in case he is busy up until then.

i would now like to present our guest with the traditional in pc mod, and i we will note only today that it is the color of air force blue. [applause] final question you worked as an aid to both president clinton and president bush. in fact, you carried the football which is a very rare experience that not many people get. can get. can you tell us about the best part of working as an aid to those presidents? you can tell us which one you liked working with better. we would love to know that too. >> sure, i will say that. [laughter] the greatest thing being at the transition. i have had a chance i was in somalia in january 1993

before president bush 41 left office, and he was doing a trip out there. i was in somalia. a marine colonel called me over as a major. he said, major i no what you do. i worked for carter. many of ministration comes in and he said, the carter. many of ministration comes in and he said, the reagan administration was suspicious of anyone from the carter administration does because of the party differences. he reminded me, they don't they don't get that we take an oath to the constitution that the commander-in-chief is the commander-in-chief and we have been commanders all the time and that is where loyalty lies, so just be ready to help the knew administration understand that you are their aides because they want and that is our works in our system. system. and it played out quite that way, so it was extraordinary i wish i had that experience for a top political science of the air force academy. but to see the exchange of power in the strongest country in the free world it was pretty cordial little bumpy, but to see the pictures come down on inaugural they and the old

stuff leave and all the other government people stay in the military age, and in the new crowd count in the afternoon, it's beautiful, an amazing thing that we have, this democratic republic of 11. so that was the greatest thing to me. i got to work for two presidents, two different generations, two different parties, both no matter how big of an extrovert what was over the other fundraising was brutal for them to watch them go through that, to try to have some family space, to try to be able to live their lives and to try to stay out of the way, it was just an amazing experience for an officer in the us military or just for a citizen. the favorite thing i would do, i told the cadets about this the other night. ..

>> thank you. [applause] >> thank you so much. i would like to thank the national press club staff for organizing today'ser event.

if you would like a copy of today's program go to press.org. thank you very much. we are adjourned. >> this weekend the c-span city's tour partnered with comcast to learn about the history of fort lauderdale florida. >> when they setup villages along the trail the buses would stop because this was an attraction. seminoles tending by the road. they came to the tourist a attraction attractions and were getting a weekly allotment of food and sometimes they would rent sewing

muachine machines and sometimes they did fabric because it behooved the tourist attraction people to supply them with fabric. this is a little boy's shirt. a belted shirt from the 1920's. this was an experimental time for patch work. the designs were bigger in the '20s and sometimes they were not used any longer than that particular decade. >> the thing about the devils triangle and the bermuda triangle there is all kinds of things that happened. this was a regular training mission. they would take off from the base will go east.

there is an area where they would drop bombings and continue north and go a hundred something miles and make a turn back west toward fort lauderdale. they never came back. later after they were sure they were out of fuel they sent us big rescue plans and one of them disappear disappeared. the next day they started a five day search with hundreds of planes and ships and never found anything. >> watch all of our events on fort lauderdale on saturday and sunday on c-span3. c-span2 providing live coverage of the senate floor proceedings and key policy events. and every weekend, booktv the only television network devoted to non-fiction books and

authors. watch us in hd like us on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> here on c-span2, the "the communicators" are next with peter nowak talking about his book "humans 3.0." and then later talking about terrorist groups and social media. and a look at child nutrition programs and their impact on local communities. >> c-span2, created by america's cable's company 35 years ago and brought to you as a local cable or satellite provider. this week on the "the communicators" we