opter -- >> oh. >> and that told me, you know, when 9/11 happened, the given reason -- everyone's sort of forgotten this, but what bin laden's stated reason was the military presence in saudi arabia. there's no question they owned the country at that particular moment. everything -- they could do whatever they wanted. and they acted like it. and, but i was flown to this base, and i was met at the helo pad by colonel nash and he said, you know, i was reading you when i was in vietnam when i was a lieutenant, and i was trying to keep them alive in a hateful war and i always kind of was curious about you. ..

that's a long story. that's not something you can just blow off in a week. come to find out what that means, and so long story short they got me into walter reed and the kind of came and went for years really trying to kill those stories of wounded warriors. what they were suffering, having performed their duty in our names or a war that was hateful. that's an interesting balancing act because i try to keep both things alive in a script at the same time. >> a lot of the best cartooning is investigative.

you snuck into -- >> migrant workers can't. spin and tell us a little bit about that. >> i was doing an investigative piece on migrant workers who are building the branches of the western cultural institutions. right now the guggenheim and nyu are all building branches on this place on the island in abu dhabi. migrant labor has long been incredibly exploded in the gulf. a construction worker might make $200 a month to work for 12 hours a day doing brew physical labor. is has long been an issue it's been long known that these workers when they come over have their passports confiscated so they can't change jobs or leave the country. it was happening with his western institutions were saying we are different. we are not like that at all. it wasn't true.

at all. it wasn't even true a little bit. they were exactly like every other company doing construction in the uae. with the help of local journalists and a construction worker i was able to sneak on to the site, this labor site and also into a migrant worker came. and just talk to these guys, talk about their ambitions, talk about what it's like to be a worker. talk to them about whether or not they were happy. there was a lot of this idea that because these men come from poor countries that they are just passively accepting it didn't pay $200 a month. i found it wasn't too. they were going on strike all the time and getting arrested and kicked out of the country when they did. i tried really hard to get to know people. and also with a sort hello times what was covered in the western press these guys are like

cattle, peasants got taken advantage of. i was like no these guys are heroes. they are brave, ambitious. yes there've been progress but there also fight against it. i want to do then honor of making them the main event are. i truly believe that the darkness antithetical to question. it turns them into objects and stereotypes. just by doing art that is good art that is thoughtful and rigorous come your cutting away at the cliché, trying to get to the truth of the matter. >> jules, you sort of revolutionized the comic world. did you invent the graphic novel? >> no. speaking of the graphic novel

what kerry is doing and has been doing for the last three years without being called a graphic novel, doing a series of them come into the real characters of real wounds in a real-world, and day by day we find out all but more about them. it's a great tradition of newspaper comic strips going back to gasoline alley delve into, and once you put them all together and we've them all as one piece you read it's a novel. day by day you were not aware of it but it's actors and the characters developing. however, satirical it may be or humorous immediate or whether whatever point it makes a it's a story and destroy that one follows. i loved from the beginning the adventure strips as a kid.

the strips that ran in daily papers in the 1930s sunday 12 medals in glorious color. these guys were my masters. i couldn't draw like that i did not do collect them second of back into overthrowing the government as a fallback position. [laughter] but a few years ago i just got tired of doing politics and i got tired of commenting. and i got tired of all the issues that had been solved, started again from scratch in how we play the same record and the same issues. and i said screw it i'm going to do something, i can do this anymore. i'm too old. and begin working on graphic novels. that's what i do now.

>> what was your first one? >> just came out last month called "kill my mother." it's a graphic novel that starts off in 1933 and ends during the war in 1943. now i'm working on a prequel which starts in 1931 and there will be a third book which we will finish it all up about the blacklist years in hollywood. >> "kill my mother," so nothing is off the table for you. your first finding out? [laughter] >> i guess that's something i've always admired about your work. i want to take some questions but i wonder not knowing you guys well is there something you would like to add or

subtract to the discussion so far? >> i was very moved by molly talking about her work and how she goes about it and garry talking, the level, people even though they're very impressed with the different forms of humor and satire don't really think of the degree of thought and insight and seriousness and the artist trying to figure out how do i present this? what's the best way of communicating this? i don't want to make a speech. i don't want to yell at people. hardly get across the point i want to make? which is in the midst of a.

you talk about this year's journalist. a serious journalist are not very serious because they usually write the same crap that everybody else writes. how do i get across my different point of view and make it work and make it work with a combination of words and pictures? it's a whole different form and so we think differently about it. and what you do we think carefully about it. and what you do and what you do is just an extraordinary an example of what's out there. there were some wonderful wonderful talent out there today all over the place working alternative forms. it's terrific to me as 86 years old and old fart deceit and a field that i adored as a kid and i adore every bit as much or even more today this when i think of as a new golden age.

i really am grateful for it. >> i am always grateful to be on the same stage as jules, and now my new friend molly. jules just reminded me my first exposure to his work was not as a cartoonist even though it was cartoons i was hearing. i was a theater nerd and then we did lots of places in my high school and different dorms have different place. i went to see three short plays that someone was putting on and they were hilarious, funny and moving. >> what were they? >> one of them was monroe and they were cartoon stories that jules had written and i didn't notice was cartoons. i thought you were a playwright and i was just listening to amazing, funny, and that rang sort of buzz a theater guy. what i didn't understand that as

i circled back to my childhood interests that how much these two art forms have in common. so i'm doing a tv show called alpha house, and the work that we do everyday is such good preparation for the. there's characters, dialogue, story. it's just, television not is a wonderful space to work in is so close to the storytelling except you don't have the absolute control that you do. >> no, project great actors. >> we have great actors. >> these guys are legends. am honored to get these stage with them. yes that's all i have to add. >> on that note 40 questions maybe a round of applause for

these people. [applause] >> so i guess you want to line up at the mic for questions. >> or you can just shout them out. you are pretty close. it's not going to register it lets you go to the mic. >> all right, i'll do it. >> don't be shy people. we are with you. we will wait.

>> my question is for molly. i'm curious as a woman when you go overseas and to try to sneak into these places august and challenges you face because you are a female friend get into places that may be a unveiled cartoonist wouldn't speak with everyone has been so incredibly courteous and respectful to me. people in the middle east are some of the most hospitable just urges people to deal with on earth, to be honest. i have never been in a situation personally where i felt that i was at the dissidents because i was a woman. >> thank you. >> though i have to say i've always been with male translators also but i've always been treated with utmost respect. >> by the question based on ethnicity and politics. from what i heard earlier you

seem to suggest that most of the brilliant satirists in the political vein are leftists, and comic strip artists seem to be primarily jewish, even though jews are a very small proportionally of the population. and so could you comment on your jewish left background? >> i don't know what you're talking about. [laughter] >> okay tribal to be because i have your book and i would like you to autograph it and it is filled with jewish left commentary. >> i never saw that book. [laughter] i never met a jew. >> backing into forward. >> well, you got me.

[laughter] comic strip artist of much older mostly irish catholic a few jews but the jews were mostly in the comic books. they came from new york and -- >> cleveland. >> yes, they did. but they came to new york. and i broached the notion many years ago that superman really didn't come from the planet krypton. he came from the planet manske. in any case i don't think that's true anymore, that otterness are not necessarily jewish anymore. a comic book artists and all come from all over the place but it's the generation that is for generations away from where i

am. so anything i really have to comment about is about stuff that happened so far back that you want to know where i came from and why because there was a great depression and out of the great depression people formed political alliances in order to survive. there was a great comic nightclub artist who said when i was a kid during the depression, he was my age, he said i lived in brooklyn. there was a communist party can't the socialist party, socialist workers party, the socialist labor party the american labor party. i was 22 and moved to manhattan before heard of the democratic party. [laughter] does that not answer your question? >> i thought you'd come up with

a more salt quick. i was new in the community and wanted to meet the girls. >> also true. >> next question over there. >> so it's really cool that you can all do like work in the field like going to all these places and getting like really hands-on experience of all these different people. i'm wondering when you were not in the field in other countries what new sources you like or do you feel like you trust? because there's a lot of like the media often skew things one way or the other, and how do you feel like you're making a really good in formed viewpoint on certain subjects? >> oh, man i don't know, a lot of failure in trying. just the act of writing something is almost always

skewed because like reality is complex but your 500 words. what you choose to take enjambment of 500 words always speaks to your biases. it is not unbiased camera like source of anything. in terms of what i personally read, i really like the guardian for big complicated long rates i love the london review of books. i think it's amazing. bbc is really good. buzz feed has some good reporting. i attempt to follow writers i admire. it's easier now than ever to do that. the idea of like a single platform is dead and i think it's very often better to find writers i trust. also sometimes you just look at twitter and follow people on the ground in those areas. that's not always accurate. they are's things that are wildly inaccurate with that but often the most unfiltered way to find out what's going on a certain place at a certain time.

>> thank you. >> next question. >> it seems that -- >> speak up a little bit speed and i believe it was during the swift boating times during the bush-gore election that the studies came out saying that denying a light tends to increase the public's ability to believe the line the first place. and the more you try to fight ally, the less effective you would be. and it seems that to defeat an idea the only way to defeat something is to discredit it and that's where that that comes in. d.phil. additional responsibilities because of that the importance of satire to discredit ideas that are false or harmful in your work? i mean, does that come into play in your mode of thinking that you're actually performing a

service discrediting ideas that are harmful? >> well, in my case there's a lot that has to be accomplished in a comic strip. you have to front loaded with information that the audience trusts on some level. and thereafter tell a story that is premised on what's contained in the first and sometimes the second panel. there's a lot you can do come in my case of the 100 years 150 words at the most. so we have to create a kind of rhythm that the audience can anticipate to understand what is true and which are making up. i don't quite know how i guess just him doing it over and over and over again i figured out how to set up this is in the case of what you're describing this is a set of facts that is now widely believed or it is no that

certain people are expressing his point of view, even though it's not too. however, competent leadership to do it right away. you have to set that up and did you discredit then you ridicule it then you have fun with it. if i reverse engineered a cartoon it would be exhausting. just deconstructing it and it's a good thing that i'm not a public intellectual that i work for intuitively far would never get anything done. i just have to trust my instincts, and then of course that's where editors come in and say actually you're wrong about this, or it's misleading. i don't get so much of that anymore, not because of my standing but simply because i know how to do it now after all these years. but that's an interesting observation about one of the responsibilities of humor. particularly in all reality challenged environment like now.

[laughter] i have a character who come his job is to supply an alternative set of facts to clients who need a different reality than the one that science might have observed for independent observers might have. so you call this company and he provides you with arguments to beat your wife into submission with. your own side effects because hers are inconvenient or officemate or whatever. it is an issue that i grapple with. but as i say it's never particularly and intellectual coherent way. it's more intuitive or the artist i've always admired ever that you can migrate hero to talk about order robert altman and i got to work on a show. it was entirely from the gut and sometimes from his detriment. it wasn't over the story was going but i do think you know

not being as smart as everybody else or from other people who actually think of things, it's probably part of the job description. you have to be up to simplify it to reach a broad audience. >> next question. >> you sort of unintentionally ended up writing a long novel. do you have in the back of your mind what the last strip will be? >> ido. billy thing that has occurred to me in the mama comes to me when i turn off out the lights it just seems to me that the strip started on a random moment of the two kids rooming together in introducing each other as freshmen. i think it will end on something just as -- i don't see any need to tie everything together. i have 74 characters in the strip and a longtime readers

would recognize to differentiate. you know, i don't feel that there has to be some closure to all those storylines. i have just made them altogether for all these years and i think it would just end on no particular an event of no particular moment. >> any further questions? well, thank you all for coming. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> coming up live today on the c-span number 21 heritage foundation for an update on the global response to a bowl and the defense department will in fighting the disease. and in politics as a democrat says she's going to challenge senator john mccain for his the next two pitches currently at congresswoman serving a third term in the u.s. house in a district she narrowly won last year. senator mccain will be running for his sixth term in the

senate. we would back on the road to the white house today. bernie sanders holding a rally in burlington, vermont, where he has won his first election by beating a longtime income at democrats by 10 votes to become mayor. this time around he's running for president making a campaign stop on his bid for the democratic nomination. his remarks at 6 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> presidential candidates often released books to introduce themselves to voters. here's a look at some books written by declared and potential candidates for president.

>> and also on c-span2 watch congress is in recess this week it is a booktv in prime time starting at 8 p.m. eastern. tonight focuses on economics.

>> prime time tonight on c-span, freedom of speech and discussion hosted by the national constitution center with unc professor william marshall on the impact of the campaign finance system on free speech. >> my point of view is that people should be able to give money anonymously or on the record but it should be up to them to decide and not for the government to decide. remember the bill of rights, i'm going to paraphrase the late great justice william brennan here which i'm sure he'll be very flattered by.

but a sickly the bill of rights and that the framers didn't lay out what our rights were. they made sure government couldn't infringe upon those rights because they were presumed to be pre-existing. my point of view is that to the extent people want to disclose there are a lot of disclosure laws that are compelled. we were talking before we got on here, if charles cook and david koch get credit or blame for everything think that is spent on a conservative or libertarian cause or issue or candidate so that is not dark money in my opinion. the reality is there's a cost to disclosure. from a cost-benefit analysis in my opinion i don't quite see who really pays attention to this other than activists on each side of want to harass, intimidate, greatness, we have seen over time and i've seen both sides do. i noted it on our our side against us, excuse me with a

koch's and there's been a number of death threats. i'm not asking for sympathy or empathy. it comes at a cost. who benefits from the disclosure disclosure? >> just part of the discussion on freedom of speech and campaign finance that took place at the constitution center. you can watch it tonight 8:00 eastern on c-span. and what to do with wasted food in america. discussion with food activist at the harvard food loss aside and the food of letters to project in cambridge massachusetts, at some the speakers included doug rauch. >> high, and welcome. were so glad you all are here today. my name is to neither, staff attorney at the food law and possibly not. for those you who don't know clinics provide action-based learning opportunities for law students to get real world

lawyer experience able to go out into the real world and our students are working with nonprofit organizations advocacy groups, government agencies to improve the food system in their community. we have an excellent panel of experts today to talk about how recovering nutritious food that otherwise would go to waste is is a key strategy to achieving food justice. to my left is emily broad leib my broths and the drug of the harvard food law and policy clinic. in addition to teaching and writing about food law and policy issues she is recognized as a national leader in the legal and policy efforts to reduce foodways. doug rauch is the former president of the trader joe's and has gained national attention for its most anticipated store the daily cable which we open in boston next month. doug has been a long-term client of our clinic and we are proud

to be supporting his innovative effort in food recovery. and sasha purpura is the executive director of food for free, a cambridge-based nonprofit that recovers fresh produce to the to those in need. and 2014 food for free recovered 1.5 million pounds of food answered 25,000 individuals. food for free has begun an exciting partnership with harvard university dining services that will hopefully hear a little more about today. my role is to briefly help us understand the scope of this problem. in the united states between 33-40% of the food we produce coastal landfills. this problem is only getting worse. between the 1970s and today foodways has increased and the united states by 50%. so why is this a problem? first, 16 americans were food

insecure meaning they can't afford the type of nutritious food that would enable them to live a healthy and active life. we know that the most commonly wasted foods are fruits, vegetables seafood, that type of nutritious food and also sometimes hard to afford for low income families. food is also the largest component of municipal solid waste. it's the largest part of what goes into our landfills. as it breaks down it produces 25%, 23% of u.s. methane emission. we also dedicate 25% of freshwater in the united states to producing food that we never actually eat not to mention significant amounts of petroleum, pesticides and other chemicals. as we talked about a couple times a day climate change will disproportionately affect poor communities. all of these environmental repercussions are very directly

connected to for justice as well. i am not going to turn over to our panelists. we are going to describe their diverse innovative effort to increase the recovery. we are going to leave ample time for questions and help, thoughtful and lively debate. thank you. >> ona said i'm sasha purpura and executive director of food for free. food for free is a nonprofit based in central square. now for over 34 years basically go around the retail stores and retail food stores, wholesalers farmers markets and we collect a lot of really good healthy edible food that would otherwise go to waste and we bring it to the folks who most need not just about access to healthy food we bring it to food pantries and meal programs shelters, youth programs serving over 25,000 people. food waste is bad. it's not good to waste food and when we can control it should

control. one of the places we can control is at the consumer level were a tremendous amount shocking the percentage which i don't have foodways that comes to the consumer level. we can control how much we buy. but i would like to suggest that at the scale at other levels, surplus food extra food that could potentially go to waste is inevitable. i want to talk about a couple of scenarios. first let me start with a formula talk about a small new england farm. if a farmer since three of his staff how to pick means for an hour and they come back, and the numbers will be wrong precedent 100 pounds of beans and he takes those to market and sell those and makes enough money to pay the labor for collecting those beans as well as some profit. and next week maybe he sends those three staff back out to the deans and in and out of back with 80 pounds because of the lights -- the lifecycle of the plan. at some point it doesn't make

sense for him to send people out to pick every last been because at some point the money is spent on the labor is going to be less than the money earned on the small amount of food they're collecting. it is inevitable that on small farms in new england there is going to be food left in the field. what is not inevitable is that doesn't have to become foodways. there's a group that can go out to farms after the harvest and to bring volunteers and they go out after the farmer is done and they pick every last been an to bring it to food for free or to a food pantry or to a shelter. so there's going to be and it's not, the former is good to be able to anything to run at this is a major he takes every last been that it doesn't have to be food waste if we look at supermarkets so whole foods is our largest retail food don't we go to for whole food -- wholesale food store on a daily basis. they have to make a profit to make a profit to have to satisfy their clients.

their clients have certain expectations and demands for example, when i go to whole foods i want to get and anybody goes, we expect to be able to get what we want when we want it. may be estimated in january but maybe if i go and i expect let us. if i could whole foods two weeks and wrote and there's no less i'm going to stop going to whole foods. additionally, i don't want to go in and see one head of lettuce. that is a turnoff to a purchaser. when i used as a farmers market with my husband would come in at the beginning of the mark have this huge pile of beautiful bunches of beautiful orange carrots. in two hours all but one bunch would sell. literally in the next four to six hours of the market that last bunch of carrots never so because people don't want to buy the last bunch of kids. whole foods each of lettuce and a lot of lettuce. you want to pick what they want and they don't want the bruise apple. additionally, if i purchase

lettuce and whole foods i certainly don't expect it's going to start to wilt in two or three days. i wanted to last the week. it may not but if it is my main problems with whole foods. they can't sell me that lettuce if it's not going to be good for another five, six seven days. hopefully it's a situation where they want to stay in business and serve us, they have to make sure they always have everything on the shelves and after pulling it off if it has sat for a couple of days. that is inevitable to run a store successfully and they can limit that can reuse some of the food to make prepared food but it is inevitable they will have extra food. what is not inevitable is that has to be foodways. so every morning to go to all the whole foods stores and the load us up, particularly with produce. produce is perishable and it is one of the most wasted foods. in this case were not wasting it. it's perfect.

it's one of the top foods that folks need. it's the most expensive. the fact that the form level and at the retail level there is all this produced available. this is a positive thing. is that simply should be limited because of cost associated with producing it. but it's going to be there. the third example i want to give is at the university. ona mentioned lester we started a partnership with harvard university. better dining services serve 14 dining halls and i believe it's about 138,000 meals a week for students, but they step it in any of you haven't had a large thanksgiving dinner, there's typically leftovers. it's really hard the larger to get to exactly know how much food to make and just like a thanksgiving if you are serving it and you bring in a bunch of people, you do want people scraping the last bit of mashed

potato off the plate. if i'm harbored and i students that page the fall semester and they come to later lunch, there can't be two french fries and a half later of superb expect to be able to you what folks ate earlier in the day. they have done a tremendous job at limiting and that predicting and understand how much food you prepare but it is inevitable that they're going to extra food at the end of each mule. so about 138,000 meals, we pick up approximately 2000 meals a week. that's a small percentage of ways. however, that is enough to feed about 100 people three meals a day for an entire week. that's fantastic. we take that food and get it to folks a live-in motels and don't have access to kitchen for who are homeless or who live in single residence occupancy. there's a lot of people out there and we are about getting nutrition to folks who needed.

it's produce, they've got to cook it and in many cases they can't so we have this harbored surplus food. the point i'm trying to make is surplus food is inevitable right? there's something called food waste and that is bad. i am not advocating overcooking meals, making too much food intentionally. what i am saying is there's a really to run as the site of a skilled in which we run this one. one of those is this going to be surplus food at these larger scale institutions and that doesn't have to be a problem. that doesn't have to be foodways. that's actually a solution. this isn't solving the court issued a food insecurity which has to do with poverty and jobs and those things and to be addressed. people should be in a situation where they can buy their food, but the reality is many, many people are not. 45% of the children in cambridge schools are on free and reduced lunch. that's almost half the kids.

the reality is they are not in the meantime we have this incredible solution. it's not only preventing a problem which is foodways but is creating a solution. the last thing want to bring an end i will pass this over to doug. westward with my husband on his farm he was trying to create a farm and make a living at passionate as a small farmer in new england. sometimes at the farmer's market people would comment on the price of his unbelievable tomatoes and they would get frustrated because it's the cost of food. i saw this attention between the need to grow our local food system and to pay farmers a fair wage. and the issue of food access because i could deeply about our local food system and about hunger. and all i saw was this attention. when i joined food for freedom was fantastic and i discovered that doesn't have to be this attention. one of the things we do in the summer is visited by the farmers market at the end of each market. my husband breaks his back

harvest encumbrances into markham loans advice what sells an assortment. nobody comes to market and at the end of a long six to eight hour day he's not too happy and he's got a lot of grain on the one bunch of carrots let's. he can load it all back up into his truck but he does have a market into next week's windows if you load the backup at the end of a long they were his discouraged, you have to load it drive it home go to pigs or chickens or compost or maybe a few neighbors in the lead a lot of gale. instead he can give that to food for free estimate of the farmers. it helps of them in terms of ensuring that if it doesn't become foodways but becomes a solution to it helps them indebted to look up this food that now does not have value to them and it helps to them and else in and that it enabled them to build up our food system and contribute to this issue of food in secret with some of the healthiest, freshest food that people can each. thank you.

[applause] >> thank you sasha. first, thanks to emily and to harvard for this opportunity to discuss what i think is a real critical issue. i promise not to to death by powerpoint but because that a picture is worth a thousand words i wanted to give some pectoral context to some of these issues. first let me run through, to me first thing i learned in my awakening about this spent 35 years in the food industry spent 31 years with trader joe's, and i saw food throughout the chain being wasted whether it's on farms manufacture, retail, whatever it was. but when i graduated from trader joe's and had the opportunity to do a fellowship at harvard i was looking at from the standpoint of getting mail from,

one in six people in america are hungry. they are hungry. i was like, how can this possibly be? we are the richest nation in the history of the world in food production. food is now a third less expensive than when i start at trader joe's in the mid '70s. even though food is still cheap in america know, it's really cheap compared to what was even in the '70s. not a surprise when something is ubiquitous and not expensive we cannot decide it is much. one of the first thing is if you want to solve the problem you can't understand. nothing worse than trying to answer the wrong question. i thought i was a shortage of countries. it definitely is with part of the population and much of the population that sasha was just talking about is in desperate need of the services should provide income and the food banks and soup kitchens around america are providing. that's not just what food for

free does. they do a lot of other things but what i want to say is that i'm very aware that there are people in america from a shortage of calories is a reality. but the one in six that are mentioned as being hungry, food insecure, vast majority of those actually get enough calories. that's not really the issue. the next big awakening was to come to this conduit about one in six americans. this is the part that gets interesting. all the stuff you can get from usda and all the data and drown in it. 61% of food insecure are what's called, their people to make the wrong nutritional decisions due to economics.

so if bill gates wants to eat poorly he's not food insecure just to be clear. but if someone has to give the kid sugar water soda, liquid candy i think he calls it our chips and other junk anymore because that's the only calories they can afford then that's the type of food insecurity. what we discovered is that that i think it was 39%, i love this trying to remember the numbers now. 38 39% are very insecure, people struggle with missing meals during the month at sometime but it doesn't mean 39% of the people everyday. if you kind of website actually about during the month at some point did you go without food. any of us would ever gone without food for a day know that even a day is tough and in particular forget the fear of

the things i want to talk about food justice actually aboard. 26, 27% one in four food insecure. and that the that, one in three, 34.8% of the income. now you've got a third of low income families, areas around the country that are food insecure. this is to me a chart, i stole this from jonathan blum many of you know and we were on a panel together and i loved it. this is hunger in america. this is the evolution of man in america and hunger. because it turns out hunger isn't a shortage of calories. it's a shortage of nutrients. the solution, the majority of this one in six the majority are getting plenty of calories at.the problem is they are getting the wrong calories, they can only afford to eat things that

have been stripped of nutrition. i can, you've seen these obesity maps. if not you can google it on cdc's obesity maps. not now, that would be rude. [laughter] that goes by year from 1985. i did want to bore you. this is 2010. 1985 by the way 25 years earlier, not 100 years earlier, one generation earlier not a state in the nation was yellow or light orange or dark orange. not any state, louisiana mississippi, alabama texas with more than 14% obese. now we're looking at obese integrates higher than 30% in one generation. what happened is that this one in six that are food insecure for the first time in human history hundred and obesity coexist in the same community and same person. if you're going to solve a

problem you better know what the problem is. the problem turns out for many of the food insecure, the majority, 61% leased, is affordable nutrition. getting them fruits, vegetables dairy protein compared with empty calories, fast food junk food et cetera. i also stole this slide. i was on a panel for partnership for a healthy america last year down in d.c. and the gentleman who runs the largest cooperative service groups into united states, out of 25 $35 billion business he had this flood. is headquartered in northern cal in the bay area. is to meet is exhibit a that what we're talking about. this is the field of letters. the interesting thing you know the punchline poverty this is after the harvest. this is about to get plowed under. why?

exactly as sasha was think of what happens is they go out and measure what is it that the average head of let it is the exact right sized? this led us is grown for about. we've all gone to the store and got those three packs of letters earthbound trader joe's hopefully will be the name and if you notice a top is in fact it's the whole plant including the roots so it's not chopped off of the bottom come and as result nature doesn't grow things perfectly. some are short some are talking the only thing wrong with this food is it's too small or it's too large. that's it. the other reasons of course you may know and this one right here code dates. emily and her team to a magnificent work with the nrdc, but a report called the dating game that has to do with the challenges that we face id

confusion over display counts thing mistaken as expiration dates that sell by and best buy are completely confused by the customer at home is thinking oh my gosh, i can't use it after that. this is one of my favorite ones. does anyone know what the code life for honey is? it's like forever, right? this product this best buy october 2, 2015 if i remember right. the our public 99% of americans visited a cabinet they would say october 30 can't have it. i don't want to put my kids at risk. i do want to use expired any. to me these are examples. another example would be about the chelsea farmer's market introducing ourselves, seeing if you have excess food that is not being utilized would you bring your truck difficult as you say

hello. to bed. we've 7000 pounds of mangoes. what's wrong with the mango speak with they are almost ripe. that's what was wrong with them. can't ship into a store at this rate. because they're almost ready to eat. got to waste those. this is what we're talking about. it's designed around tackling a part of the market that i saw the food banks were not tackling and this came out i can harvard research and talking to the key who is ceo of feeding america and discovering the number one issue, one of the key issues is this one right here. it's the issue of well to me it's dollars not distance. it's the fact afford will nutrition, not food deserts in most of in much of america. you can go to trader joe's, wal-mart, target, whatever you want on every corner in america

and many of these one in six could not afford to buy produce dairy and protein. it's not so much accessibility as the affordability. the other one is this one right here. 38% of our clients that are eligible for our services will not use them. why? dignity. large percentage of the population particularly that are the working you know, at the economic lower strata, they don't want a handout. they don't want to feel that they are being held up. they want to that feeling i can provide for my family. and so dignity is usually a big one. i'm trying to think of when we come up with a sustainable solution as society of how we going to feed 49 million americans on an ongoing basis

and we will keep them affordable nutrition, right away with a problem because the entire food system from the farm bill undone is designed around cheap calories and expensive nutrients. you can start with high fructose corn syrup and everything else but it's tough to find ways to a sustainable system that is designed around affordable nutrition. so daily table is designed to we can go and try to help to recover some of its wasted food. by the way sasha and they will have heard me say this before many times i think we would all do ourselves a favor and anyone who's invest by never using the word food waste again. because food waste, food as a modifier of what type of waste that is. nobody in america wants a second helping of food waste. no one. however, if you take those two words and let them come nobody in america thinks is a good idea to waste more food.

we are talking about wasted food food that is excess, healthy. mangles for almost ripe. lettuce that is the wrong size. food that is at its sell by date but has another week or two weeks or more honey, et cetera. we are talking help the excess food. this is a lot with issues about the so daily cable is designed around what we do and then offer it for pennies on the dollar. reason we're selling it is twofold. first and primary is because customers have told us we want to shop there want to build the bodies. we do one handed. if you're getting this stuff we will be embarrassed walking to the store. i don't care cheap it is. bundles for 10 cents courts of soup 4909 cents chicken soup or whatever it is. it's okay but we are buying come is a treasure hunt. we want to do that. the second of course is cornell did a bunch of research if you can get someone to choose something they will use it.

school cafeterias put an apple on a kid straight out of goes right into the trash. get the kids summit to take the apple come high percentage of usage. the idea is at retail can we nudge them toward food demo and, sadly, information, nudge them to try things and eat a diet that is moving towards a healthier outcome. the third of course is to provide stem this issue right here a question of no time. economically challenged is not come when you're poor you are not just for economically. you are short of time. all of america suffers with shortage of time. virtually that's why more meals or eat outside of the house now than they are eaten in. as you move down the economic pyramid gets tougher and tougher and tougher. in the focus groups i've done in the inner cities and in many probably 30 meetings that between churches and neighborhood meetings, et cetera, these issues, over and over again. we don't have done.

if you all those wonderful produce and things come but we are getting off a bus at six 6:30 p.m., i can go and buy a bunch of stuff to take home and cooked. i've expected to walk through the front door with a venerated. if it's a big awakening to us change the whole model is basically a grocery to compete with fast food, competing with grabbing the meals. come in we'll put stuff up and have been ready to come and grab to take home and eat. ..

the fed doesn't have a phenomenal mission. the challenge from each of them. the idea is first about my confines of my in which we can get revenue by delivery of mission to some degree i'm not competing with the dollars out there and does not dare don't take money out of the charitable pool that's already out there. it allows me to do scalable work. story partnership opens april

april 14th in the four corners where they meet at the area of your chester will have retail floor in kitchen space. and then this is where we have children after school. this is a daily table. i wish it were. i hope it will be. we have a number of schools lined up for kids after school programs that are free and feed them at the same time. last photo for me and all of us are gathered here. we await -- food is a precious research. what happens was wasted food and greenhouse gas or the human side that we owe it to ourselves.

we are to her kids and grandkids to make certain we utilize this precious resource in such a way that everyone, every kid in america gets an opportunity to be their best, to neurologically develop and have access to affordable nutrition. [applause] i'm really excited. i'm always excited to be with inspirational people who are getting this amazing high-quality food and making sure they get to people in need and the role they play is trying to figure out the laws and policies. this is important to people in

need some of it for free some have purchased in a setting providing them with dignity and all these great ways. but a lot of laws get in the way of that. i will skip this because i want to explain what we do. reducing the work on food waste and improving options as one of our key areas and just to start here because a lot of times people think what is the role of law in the state. there's a lot of impact that there are attempts to reduce food waste and particularly improve options for recovery and get food to people in need. across all of our food system we been doing business and treating our food and our food today in america costs less than a clever

cost in any country. we don't think about the people that don't have it. we don't make great decisions. this is one area of the contexts of the context of our legal system has developed and not forcing people to make better choices and not allowing people who have creative ideas to use those creative ideas. current law really restricts opportunities to innovate and i will talk about a few examples of the policies. how can we encourage more to be out there and be innovative and make that possible and say it's great when food makes its way to food banks but there's still food lost around the edges and getting wasted and not used in ways that are sustainable.

there are some incentives which i'll talk about but we don't say to people if you reduce your food waste if you get it to people in need and go the extra mile or spend that bit of time to make sure to get to the right place or get someone to your farm, we don't give people enough reward to do that and we are making it possible or easy. our laws fail to penalize people making on healthy choices. it's crazy to think we would hold people liable for wasting food. we are throwing away the viable resource we spent a lot of oil and fertilizer and pesticide to create and return it away is that it's not. and lots to scale up successful experiment. the method of getting food from different places we can create a policy system that makes it possible. these are ways as an overlay of these things.

i want to talk about a few examples of things we work on and hopefully give you a sense of how people can make us more possible. the upside down permit is created by the epa and it's meant to give us a son of how best to use resources. everyone knows landfills are at the bottom right. that is the worst place for food to go. as we think about how we put in place policies that address and reduce food ways that we stay at the top levels. both people mention we don't want more food race even if it great food. we don't want more of this. the first thing we should do is

reduce at the very top and realize that the viable resource and we want to be more thoughtful about how much we are producing and making sure there's not a drive back. this really matters. it's really important and beyond not feeding animals. a lot of the laws in place right now aren't taking about this. they are not remembering we want to start at the top of the pier amid a marker way down. so we'll start with our work on date labels which does mention and we got started after i met doug and heard about the work he was trying to do a daily table. we want to be a little use food that is close to or at its day but the law won't let us do it. what are they actually mean and we embark on several years of research that brought us to the report and i will tell you what was down.

every group as a driver of food ways that date labels cause a lot of ways he is someone should try to understand what they mean and how we can make them better. so this is a challenge we took on and it's a great project for the go clinic because it's looking outlaws. when they tell you about our findings. the most surprising to people is date labels are undefined and long and just a suggestion when food is at its peak quality. those of you who might have through food away i imagine most fans would go up. you or someone you feed it to work i think after that date that is absolutely wrong. the dates have nothing to do with food safety. there is no safety tests done on the food. if companies do any testing at all, it is just taste testing.

the hot people at the master one day, today three day so i'm an fine the day where most people say it doesn't taste as good as it tasted yesterday. to be overly protect live they will make up for shipping and storage conditions, and better. some companies don't do testing. they put them on there and there's no law behind that. no assume foreseen how to set the date or not. there is this frame put onto all of our food that we are all following and throwing food away on the date over and over rather than thinking about and spend the day passed but it tastes totally fine. many of these is there is no day. you can eat them forever. these have dates on them but nothing happens to them. there's no change going on in the water.

as well as no federal standard for expiration date and that ties in the first point about states not defined in law. there is no federal law that defines them or requires them to be created in a certain way. the food and drug administration has chosen not to regulate a because these don't have to do is safety. therefore they are not within our mandate. this is really important. the next thing we found which is quite interesting is the federal government doesn't regulate the states have stepped in and regulated. this is a big piece of our research looking outlaws states require with regard to date labels. 41 states require certain foods. dave babel. they have nothing to do with safety. as consumers got further and further from food supply, consumers said we want days so

we know when we should eat it. we want an indicator. states took up the charge and put together regulations. but his most interesting is state regulations are totally different from one another and the second map shows there's 20 states including that which actually restrict the sale or donation of the food after that day. let's think about that a moment. we said these dates have nothing to do with safety. [inaudible] >> someone is very angry about this. i am also angry. these states have nothing to do with safety. but then states like massachusetts may we require dates on all foods perishable or semi-perishable. any food that goes back in 90 days is required to have a day. other foods candidates if they want to and will make it

difficult to sell the food or do anything after that date so the bulk of the food is winding up straight in the trash because there's nowhere else to go. it is helpful to think about what the differences are. milk tells you how crazy the system is. some states require milk has a date label a certain number of days after the date of pasteurization. in pennsylvania that a 17 days and in montana it is 12 days. 12 days after pasteurization. there's not a different climate. there's no reason for that to be. it just points to how absurd it is that these dates are linked to science. they are linked to safety. one other sample, massachusetts has the strictest requirements for days. by contrast, the state of new york, new york city doesn't require dates on any food and new york city is to require labels on milk and they got rid of that in 2010 because this doesn't make any sense.

it is then linked to safety. our state doesn't have any requirements. this is important to keep in mind. sometimes i get into this place of obviously this is to have expiration dates often are packaged foods and processed foods, but also the foods we put the most energy into creating. we took them from the farm process them put them in a package. and then we just throw them away because the states are unclear. to give evidence, this is a study from indus area that shows no matter what the label is on the date whether used by thomas l. viacom expired on common enjoyed before people throw the food away. 90% of consumers say i throw food away at the sometimes because i'm afraid of safety.

this is impacting the way consumers use the food. this really gets to where policy comes into this. the federal government does not regulate. states do but not based on science. states that require dates, they don't require labels be something specific. they don't require any method behind the days. they just say we want also to bear these days and what you wind up with is a very confused consumer. natchez primary consumer of the food recovery organization who don't know what they can do in the two are restricted from giving it away or don't give it away and make sure they keep people safe. what we are pushing as a consumer facing label that would make sense, be standardized and how people understand this so we can avoid. the focus groups that conducted at johns hopkins we found the term freshest before made the most sense to people.

when you think about it used by sound like what will happen if i don't use it by that date. some of these other days people get confused. freshest before made sense that they were about quality. if it's self tasted science not find after you could eat it and you wouldn't guess it. it was just your choice. do you want to make a commitment not to waste good reason in some way after that day. that is up to you and you don't have to have fear that you or your family would get sick. where there might be some risk answers like telling me it's could be contaminated and because we don't cook them they could increase the amount of listeria contamination if they were previously contaminated. we are not tell anyone about those risks either. assist away how this is hurting anybody. those get up a separate label

and there is a very small amount to knows that desire. let's allow the sale in donation went to put a label that makes sense, once we educate people we don't have to worry as much and have people getting concerned and throwing the food away. i want to talk about one other. there's two other areas where the law is important. i want to talk about one that is something that ties into our discussion in his timely right now. going back to this hierarchy. an impact source production because we are throwing away as supply before it gets to people, but it also impacts getting food to people in need and feeding hungry people. another way the law impacts our opportunity to feed hungry people is in terms of the protection for food donors and the incentive for food donors. this is a new area we've been working on.

we talked about how many people are in need. if we redistribute 30% of the food we loosen the u.s. that could feed every single meal they need. as eddie doug talked about they're not getting enough. we can see their entire food supply by redistributing 30% of the food we throw away. yet only 10% of food is recovered in the u.s. and this is for a lot of reasons. because of liability concerns which a circle bear. companies want to do business as usual they don't want to give food to someone out of fear that they will get. this is huge. we have good protections in place but were not getting the message out to people they actually could be broader and that is one thing we work on. the other big issue is cost. this came up a little bit here but they there's a farmer on the

last field has been as sasha talked about it doesn't make sense to send their labor aside and pick those and get them to market. we need to give them an incentive to help cover the cost. this is an area we have worked on around tax incentives. at the federal level there is a tax and then in that would pay a food donor for donating the food. the problem is the incentive right now is limited to only the biggest corporation. for many years it was expanded and open to anyone. farmers who are generally not big corporations small mom-and-pop stores and restaurants were able to get the incentive. that has expired and there's attempt to get that incentive back out there. i think about it a lot in the context of farmers because farmers are working at such low profit margins that any extra money they get to support the

extra field of beans would help them continue growing things to get those to people. fresh food, healthy food yet often gets wasted in the field for reasons we heard, which are not good reason that of the two safety rx or ration dater having been on a shelf. it is just the economics of getting it to the people in need. only see corporations right now are eligible for the tax deduction. the other big issue goes back to the point about making food recovery offers sustainable. people have good ideas about how they get a revenue stream and there are people who want to pay and are willing to pay for these foods are some way to process them into something people would buy appeared right now the tax incentive goes away if any money changes hands. this is sort of an old-fashioned way of looking at food waste and food recovery, thinking everything has to go to food and

to get to someone in need. in fact there's a lot of opportunities for innovation new models that we could be encouraging and allowing if we said we want to get the food to people in need of a one-sided buys new people coming to the table to do that. do businesses farmers trying out new models. several states have state-level tax incentives. the federal level has a lot we can do. the other area of him not talk much about although i'm happy to mention it is around liability protection. the biggest issue is we have some great federal and state law and that every single corporation not donating food has said it is because of their liability concerns. we have an education problem, but we as consumers don't want to shop at companies throwing away all their food instead of reducing from the sewers are getting it to to people in need. there's a lot we can do there.

this is new work for us working to better understand barriers and increase awareness of laws and protections like liability protection and align the policy is to figure out how to get to a better future for we are not wasting 33% to 40% of the food we produce in the u.s. with that i'm excited to a conversation in here your questions. [applause] >> thank you, everyone. we are going to open up to questions. as people get up i lost the first question, so walk slowly to the microphone. in a very timely way molly andersen or keynote speaker said something to the affect and i'm paraphrasing poor people don't want your food waste. it was timely because this is my first question anyway, but she

really gave a punchy soundbite for it that there isn't a pushback if they were covering food that wealthy people waste is insulting to communities and i'm looking to hear feed back. >> i will start. food for free was really fascinating. i joined over two and a half years ago and i came to learn that a large part of our staff over time and even currently are recipients of the emergency food system. we had this tremendous volunteer base that helps our drivers that basically gets another form of dignity. they want to work all day to take the food home. food for free is not wealthy people giving anybody their food ways. it is people in the community saying look at this insane thing going on.

why is that stuff going in the trash when our community could use it and they are stepping up and collecting food and eating that food and sharing of food with in the community helping to make sure those need to get it. i think food for free, but certainly there's nothing about outsiders giving poor people food waste. it is people in a community making a sensible decisions they look at that. i'm going to get it. i'm going to share with my neighbors and the store is similar. my husband wasn't rich, still a sin. farmers are rich. whole foods that gives us the food are not rich. this is a community of people working together to solve a problem and at least makes areas than what i understand the last 30 plus years has been a real

community building event and this issue hasn't come up, which is great to see. >> i have a slightly different take. not one contrary, they shall we say adding a different perhaps element which is in my work going down into dorchester and working also in talking about early work in the bronx, new york that first of all i absolutely resonate with the state didn't and i think it is fair to say the answer is no. it is in the frame wayne -- framing. if you say were getting a step out of trash, would you like it? the answer is no, of course not. there's some perfectly good food that is going to go to waste

that the manga was almost right. july commingled up almost right? it is about the framing of our wee second-class citizens. are we getting something less than what other people get because we feel we don't want to get to be treated like a second-class citizen. i happen to be -- maslow said that hammering a nail. i grew up in retail spent 35 years in retail. one of the things about retail that i do like is when i'm down there and they say can you talk about affordable nutrition. we understand we have a hard time struggling. a real conversation with groups twice the size and they start to ask you really pointed really

tough questions. what is affordable to you might not be affordable to me. who defines affordable. here's the nice thing about retail. if i sell you something you defined it as affordable. i'm handing you stuff. you're going to come in and choose what you want. she's a bit healthy tasty. it's a convenient. was it priced right. did it seem safe, does it look nice. where kind of against that. we'll spend as little money as possible. it doesn't look like it's a salvage operation. there is century and the fact if

you frame it up how many people are in favor of obamacare. as soon as you call it that, the percentage in favor -- how many people like the affordable care act. i'm in favor of that. people want food ways. no. do they want to have access to affordable nutrition? absolutely. do they think food is a resource they shouldn't be wasted? absolutely. a lot of it is how we frame it, how we presented and truly about the community recognizing a story of us not them. someone from the out side to solve a problem. to the degree we create a community within the community solving the problem together than its embrace.

>> i wanted to give two answers to that. one of some of them in now one model from our discussion talking about the food getting wasted. we talked about dirty 3% to 40% of the food. who do you think has impacted our agriculture system? who's most impacted by the negative impacts of past runoff fertilizer runoff, climate change, negative environmental impacts. people who are poor people must love resource communities. to the extent we are not eating 40% of our food, we put all of these costs onto communities to then just throw the food away. the food justice component starts all the way back there before the food even finds a home at the end. the more we can tighten the system admixture after we spend resources that someone will get to read it.

on the other side of it looking at the things we talked about, we said food in america is very cheap. but there is some cost to the food we throw away. at the retail level in particular stores know a certain amount of food is always ways did because that sasha said at the end of the night the grocery stores still feels they need piles of letters and apples and whatnot. there's a certain amount of food that will always get thrown away and have to build into their model. there's all these other ways if we are able to make sure it doesn't get wasted no matter who ends up at the food we are benefiting everyone by making sure the system is not having as many externalities and the amount is supposed to cost. what is so interesting and having worked with doug so many people want to shop at the daily table. it's meant to serve the community but so many people say i want to buy the food because i

also want a more sustainable foods system. not good that not everyone. it is important to get to the people in need of it but the fact of the food we talk about that many people are interested in buying it and eating it the more we can put in place where people are able to access and show this is good, healthy food is really important. >> this is a question for you. the daily table sounds like a fantastic idea. i am curious that a couple things. one is what percentage of your cost you anticipate covering by retail revenue in the first few years or how will your revenue model work and also it seems like it's a mission driven organization. are you planning to hold the organization accountable for specific health outcomes of the

population you are serving? beyond the numbers of pounds are good people that come through. >> two great questions, thank you. those of you at harvard learned all about the logic and all of that. first and foremost, very few companies are most certainly not the size that sasha for daily table can afford to do the social impact sort of stuff. that's extremely difficult. when you talk about one factor in the daily table eat their meals -- if we're able to get customers to regularly eat dinner and then ate lunch somewhere else we are nudging them and helping them. it is extremely difficult. in the focus groups we did we were told that no one's certain terms to things. one, the question was who can shop here. the question was who do you

think should shop here? it is only a store for the poor i'm not coming because i do want to be walking in the end of my neighbors think they must be poor. if everybody can shop here you won't take your target audience. we're not going to come. second thing was interestingly enough that our model is really designed around trying to be a trojan horse for health outcomes as retail to meet them where they needed to be matt and they did not want -- they said i don't want this to be a program. saturdays will have someone appeared to measure your bmi and get cholesterol and maybe even prediabetic unlike a health clinic store.

it was like no way. if you do that i'm not coming. i don't want to be reminded of my problems when i walk in here. don't talk to me about illness and morbidity issues and obesity and the food is killing me in that stuff. if you do that i'm not coming. negative negative, negative. tell me about how kids will do their best and feel their best. i've come up with these two lame marketing teams. we create food to die for it not die from and the other is we are trying to create food that moves you forward and doesn't hold you back. ways in which they said don't talk to us about nutrition. honestly some of the don't use that word. i was like did someone use the. not that nutrition thing. such as turns us off. it's really interesting.

it was learning for me what the sensitivities were. i'm not saying that's everybody. this community in dorchester where we go in, that community wanted everyone to shop there, we don't want to feel a core part of the program. as it turns out to get our 501(c)(3) what the irs at the membership store. if you are not in zip codes economically challenged, you can shop with us. but anyone and those zip codes include million-dollar homes. there are plenty of people that are economically middle-class or higher but the majority of the population by far is our target audience. because we have free membership we will be able to track. it wasn't what we intended. the idea is this is how we

provide service to the community. give us a zip code do you live or work in a phone number to tie that to you. now we will know how many times you've come, what you buy and will follow it up with ways in which they take the data and come back and say these outcomes. ideally we will be breaking the bank. it is a nonprofit. our intention and our mission is not to make money. our intention in mission is delivering affordable nutrition. i hope we don't do much fund raising other than the initial brick-and-mortar building of the store. i hope he gets up and running and we are able to recover costs that are close to what they are. we want to pay people well house benefit, pay out or higher the marketplace. get a job at kfc for months or

daily table and you get to have a mission so that is the target. it's all idealistic. we are perfect right now because we haven't opened yet. when we are open and rubber hits the road it will be interesting to see what works. >> thanks. >> my question is for emily. i wanted to mention briefly and move to london a couple years ago. i was looking for the eggs and i was looking in the refrigerator section and i couldn't time and period i said where are the eggs and they said they are over with baking supplies on the shelves that are my mind because for many eggs are refrigerated otherwise i'll go back but over there they don't refrigerate their eggs. when you have findings about the meaning behind the date and the

misunderstanding, has there been any consumer education campaign, is anyone working to spread the news about that and is there anything we can do to help? >> repression. thank you. so what was so interesting coming from the law and the policy and went are all these things and said here's the policy change. it got a lot of press. all of the news coverage is about the consumer. hey moms at home, here is how you can get us there. that is very important. but the message got out. the problem is the message getting out was that doesn't change anything. it reminds people and one of the biggest challenges with our current lack of system because

it's not well thought out is impossible to do consumer awareness and consumer education because they all say different things than they may or may not mean different things to name it the different in different states. there's no education we can put a message on a federal level. that's one of the benefit and we can say to everyone here is this label. here's what it means. if you see the other label where it might be safety this is what this means. you can see when usda is the best guidance. and if the food expires on the day, if you keep it refrigerated it should still be good. that is meant to help people, but it's hard to do consumer awareness. we are working on legislation.

we were approached by people saying what can we do, we want to change this. we are working on not and should try to reframe the message and make this about me, this is the place where it is a win win win for everyone if we change this working on a small film right now which we are excited to be doing this opinionated documentary talking and trying to get the message out. that hopefully will come out this year and will be alongside the campaign to get the policy change at the federal level. [inaudible] yes, thank you. i'm glad you asked because when we do this we need as many people. born in the server and your and families we need to push that this doesn't make sense. we in the u.s. are so far behind other countries looking at foodways.

we are doing very little compared to london. the u.k. has done so much. they've been tracking data and are really saying we have a mission to avoid this. france has a national mission to avoid waste. in the u.s. we don't have permission to do much with regard to food and we think we should. >> i have to speak to the eighth inning and so people do know in this country to cut the eggs are prepped. we do a washing of eggs which makes them more susceptible which is why they get refrigerated here. if you get farm fresh you can leave them on the counter forever because they don't have the processing. i just discovered that because i never understood it myself. >> the first 12 years at trader joe's they were on refrigerated and what happened is somewhere in america there was an issue with someone had salmonella

says salmonella, since everyone was refrigerated direct and maybe terrified to buy an egg in america that was the refrigerated. >> great panel. i want to thank you all for the work you are doing because it's really important. emily, when you talk about legal barriers to sharing food and nutrition, i was thinking about rest feeding, which is an area that i do some writing on call at first it just as and one of the problems is when women have trouble breast-feeding is not easy to access milk from other women because there's a huge regulation system in place. it is also elitist as well as an accessible for almost everybody. i was wondering if there's anyone approached you about. >> that is a great question. this has been something president or work.

as a component of her clinic we have a fellow in the mississippi delta. a mention in the welcome that is very good started doing some relative work. we've been working a lot on breast-feeding policy because it's so important in low-income communities in his free food that can get tickets that is so important and nutritious in the same communities get the least resources and knowledge and advice about breast-feeding. it is not something i know that much about, but you are right if we talk about food across the food chain for all ages and some thing worth looking at and what the regulations are and how we make sure we do it justly. >> thank you for taking the time to talk to us today. my name today. my name is aaron schultz and i'm a student at the business school. i'm curious. you cannot talk about some of the tension between having

nonprofit models competing for a fund raiser dollars versus for-profit models. if there are other models you see of being able to capture more food based on the nonprofit side or on the for-profit side you have can did her and think there is potential to be doing in the market. the >> i will start and flash it can finish that. so daily tables nonprofit not because i thought nonprofits are better or more peer or a just and for-profit companies are unjust. because of the section 170 if they weren't nonprofit and those who give this food couldn't take advantage of the enhanced tax seduction. there's also some feeling in the community for a nonprofit would be a little easier to be embraced at the idea we are not trying to make money off of

them, selling them food at the time i would have to push hard on the expired food. turns out the vast majority of wholesale if not all of it will be within code because of preparing with 14 days on it or so because we're cooking up fresh in the spot. i know the people did beat couric and matt idea the social contract that a number of states have different ones. 31 or 35 states now allow for a corporation, a for-profit corporation to have a social benefit charter this as investors can return on the money but the return is either tied to a certain set percentage based upon the social benefit. you've probably heard of those also.

but there's some here and now. a lot of different ways. to some degree panera. some of you have had a chance to get to know the panera were you walk in and get what you want. an area on the edge of tough parts of town. frankly they would work there. he puts them on the edge for 20% of the shoppers pay more than 20% pay nothing. that model works well to break even. it's kind of a hybrid. there's all kinds of models that can be innovative hybrids and whether you are the court, for-profit nonprofit to me what it's really about is are you efficient, are you affect it are utilizing and meeting customer's needs.

off the market acid at the end of the day they get fatigued. just as investors do. if you have a for-profit because you're not getting traction in the service they want, investors also get fatigued and go we are done giving money. if it looks like you're not making a significant contribution to the challenges that funding the competitive market. each of the models can be great. it all depends how you approach it what your purpose is and what the design and intent is. >> i think if you are serving the people and potentially working for people and serving up a population that doesn't necessarily have money to make the profit for you you take some risk if you set yourself up

to have the attention of any to make a profit and the people paid me forcing the money is a challenge. not to say it can't be done. i agree whether you are a not-for-profit break beat couric isn't necessarily the point. there is the question of where the funding is coming from. one of the thing longer term could happen with the help of laws or incentives if you look at the retail stores and markets we go to they'd get a significant tax deduction for giving us the food they give us. they also stop paying significant hauling costs. in my opinion, running a nonprofit picking on the food up is that there is some money right they are and all of that benefit financially going back to the retail store.

and not towards covering anti-costs to getting the food back into the community. i don't blame the retail stores as the days. that is how it is set up and they are driven by profit and shareholders. i do think there is plenty of room to get more creative about how we as a community or as the nation address food waste is a national not as these poor people need food. that is not the issue. the issue is the food race affects everybody and it's the responsibility of the nation to deal with it. that is where there could be some room to a pc with the funding weather to a not-for-profit or a for-profit. >> i wanted to jump into really quick on that point it's not necessarily about structuring the food recovery middlemen with sasha and doug do, but on the retailer or private act is

itself. massachusetts passed a law that went into effect this fall which is in the back of some of our work we failed to mention that they now they had an institution from sending more than one kind of food waste of food a week to landfills. this is an interesting regulation. a few other states have one like this. the idea is basically this is the responsibility of everyone and will put the burden back on the private retailers or institutions to say you can't just keep sending food to landfills. what's up in landfills is one of the biggest contributors to methane for all the reasons i've talked about it shouldn't be in a landfill anyway. it's an interesting mob because we are going to require out this private businesses to change their habits so this doesn't happen. reducing the amount of waste they have and getting it to people in need one of the challenges is a lot of simple

and big compost which is much better than a landfill. all of us here at the mind the more that go to people the better. this law doesn't have any incentive. they don't care what the food goes as long as it's not the landfill. starting with this as a baseline and now there's a real incentive to you again find if you have this ways to comment and then let's set up the systems. let's make a better process and get it to people that need it. >> i think we have time for one more question. >> name is indian and serving as an americorps volunteer this year. first thank you. i'm excited about the work you're doing. mostly for doug and saw shed. you guys do amazing work to do it more if -- and this system. you are inevitably going how waste of your own with you directly do with it.

>> i will start because where start because for already doing something with it i'm sure. timely question. so are building in central square and city hall, there's a house and that is where we are house, owned by the cambridge economic opportunity and they gave us a space there. we have been there for 30 years and we used to have a big compost file in the back but they were wracked issues among other things. so that went away. many drivers who go to whole foods down the street about the compost they are. whole foods pulls a bunch of stuff from the shelves. they compost it and give it to us. some of it isn't good enough to pass on. we pass on food pantries. there is another step they are. so there is waste all along the

way. we're trying to bring it to the whole foods composter and it was too much. it shouldn't matter. it was their food to begin with but i understand. the city of cambridge's darting to compost where they cover composting for us because we show the food pantry and it is amazing talking about reducing the waste. it doesn't entirely reduce it. it inspired mark compost so it is a lot. we were at these composting it. one other thing we do is when they go to the farmer's market would bring a bunch of a farmer theirs is the person can take it back. at the end of the day organic waste enough food at that point. >> we've thought a lot about this because one of teens who want to make sure as we are spending money to collect food for just ourselves.

so one of the key assembly has talked about is we have to change customers perceptions of what a store should look like before they close. in england the first time i went to marshall spencer walked to two and half hours before they closed in the mid-80s in the place looks like it was going out of business. it was guided. the perishable sections i thought they were doing a remodel. i said what's going on. what do you mean. cuban missile crisis, did i miss something? come back tomorrow morning. but right now -- isn't that great? we sold out. yeah that's great but you are missing sales. that is the retail facing.

customer facing as emily said if you are a manner and you are not stocking the products at 830 at night and i come back several times and you don't have letters i am going to your competitor. we have a commitment among our team that we will produce only what we think we can ballot and have dynamic tracing. because we are designed around affordable nutrition and by the way fast it isn't cheap. big breaking news to everybody. when you actually get a kfc and burger king. forget about cost per new trend because there's not a lot of nature and spirit for what you pay it is not that cheap. so our whole goal is in our promise. we will be less than that. more importantly if we are a product at 3:00 in the afternoon everyone who comes

and gets one free because we need to get rid of days. we also believe that someone comes and tries to product, they will think it's delicious. by this get one free because we've got too many of them. we are committed to trying to make certain that we have as little as possible. wherever we get it you can't cook it. you can't do anything with it. there's nothing we can do. we have right now about 40000 pounds of what we've gleaned from farms, produce comments that are red. we covered about 70,000 pounds of which we can't use because we've been given to other agencies everything from food bank that can use it. our intent is to reach out. if we get something we can't use will get someone who can use it.

more than we can use common set of saying we can't do with someone else because maybe then they'll go to her source. let's call somebody else that can use the product. the more that we as organizations stopped filing working together, in ways that make sense. we strengthen each other in the system itself works better. >> thank you through much. [applause] >> right before you guys leave thank you to her wonderful presenters. [applause] boston area 10 is coming to mix their screening just eat it come a new documentary about food waste. it is touring the world and the producers are coming monday,

april 13 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. here in the law school and we are really excited to have them here. thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

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>> one of the questions about freedom of speech is, is it a value in and of itself or is it there because it's designed to promote democratic decision making? you might come out to different kinds of results on some of these campaign finance cases because there's something the matter with a system where the first thing you ask about a candidate is how much money can she raise. and a system in which somebody has to sit in a room for 20 hours a day dialing for dollars to be competitive, or a system many which poor people do not have access to the decisions being made. it's troublesome for government to do any regulation, i've got to agree with that. so you have a deep, a deep conflict going on there but it's not an easy result on either side. and the first thing i tell my first amendment students is if you think this is an easy decision on either side, rethink it. >> just part of the discussion