gen. dempsey: thank you congressman. some of your comments echo the questions mr. kline was putting. we very much appreciate it when you visit our people. it is important they have an explanation of what our strategy is. that the oversight committee have an explanation of what strategy is. with respect to iraq, the critical ingredient is strengthening local forces. we believe that is possible. it will take some time. the american role in that to train, equip enable, and assist those forces once they are built. that is the american role in a coalition. so that is the approach to

defeating isil on the ground in iraq recognizing only there defeat can be a lasting defeat, a sustained defeat. that is the approach we are taking. on the ground in iraq and syria. as we discussed earlier, there are other parts of the counter-isis strategy. on the intelligence side, which is challenging, on the counter messaging side, foreign fighter flows. guys who potentially come in and out, including to this country. there are different dimensions to combating. but the strategy on the ground is as i described. mr. langevin: are we trying to

artificially hold together iraq? sec. carter: i believe there are indications there can be a decentralized but multi-sectarian but unitarian iraq, the path the prime minister says he is on. the fact others say he is on. i think we should give them a chance. sectarianism is not a good outcome. mr. langevin: thank you. committee member: thank you for your service and what you are doing to protect our country. i have a question building on previous questions about why we are not targeting known isis assets. for instance, everyone knows where the headquarters of isis is, in syria, i believe.

a large multi-story building. there are convoys of crude oil being taken to turkey, sold to raise money for isis. that is kind of a lifeline for money, as far as i look at it. i cannot imagine it is a military decision to not take out known military assets. there must be a political reason. mr. carter, what is the political reason? why are we not targeting known isis assets if the intention is to degrade and destroy isis? sec. carter: congressman, the targets you describe are authorized. leadership targets indeed. fuel, partly used to finance the movement.

we do strike those targets. i think the only limitation, and i will let the chairman elaborate, that the people managing the coalition air campaign have, and this is a coalition judgment, is to try to avoid civilian casualties. and that is for obvious humanitarian reasons and also because it is not going to help what we are ultimately trying to do get isil expelled. committee member: you are saying no target is hands off? sec. carter: the categories you named our hands on. we need to strike targets like that. that is part of the air campaign. gen. dempsey: the commander who holds the authority for airstrikes, he has the authority. nothing in washington is limiting him from the use of

aircraft and pilots flying these missions every day. it is really a matter of ensuring the targets we hit are the targets we intend. to do otherwise would further complicate this and make it all almost impossible to sort out. committee member: if i can switch gears to iran, i know it is the middle east we are talking about, but iran is part of this. recently, the iaea spoke to some congressman. they said you have to have two things for a deal to work or iran will get a nuclear weapon. there have to be on announced inspections, and those have to be able to go any place including military installations.

without those, a deal would not work. would you agree with the assessment or not? sec. carter: i certainly think a good deal, to go back to what the president said, which is no deal is better than a bad deal a good deal has to be verifiable. i want to add, with respect to iran iran and isil are big challenges to stability in the middle east and u.s. interests associated with the middle east. our role in nuclear negotiations , we are not a part per se, i have the responsibility to make sure the military option israel. believe me -- is real. the me, we work on that. we need the ability to have the posture in the region to check

iranian influence. last, we are committed to that the -- the defense of israel. we have a big role in defense as part of the negotiation. we take it very seriously. gen. dempsey: the only thing i would add is, as i have had discussions with reasonable partners -- regional partners, if there is a deal, i have work to do. we are committed to that work. committee member: thank you both. committee member: thank you, mr. chairman. thank you both for being here today. i think it is particularly important for us on this committee to hear from both of you as the house will consider a resolution concerning ongoing operations in iraq and syria.

it has been nearly a year since the president outlined a plan to counter isil. the war he is waging is based on authorities that have not been debated by congress in 13 years. since the president announced his plan, the u.s. has spent nearly $9 million a day or $3 billion overall. at this rate, it will continue. regional partners are pursuing efforts in iraq and syria that may not be in concert with the united states. all of this happened without a robust debate in congress over u.s. strategy, though we are the cost, we have not yet addressed. and the end state in iraq. i appreciate that you are here today. general dempsey, we will miss you. i have always appreciated how forthright and thoughtful you have been in our discussions

about the middle east and more broadly across the globe. i have a question for you. 10 years ago this fall, you assumed responsibility for training and sustaining iraqi security forces. after a decade of training, most of the iraqi army remains a hobbled force. with 450 american advisers being sent to iraq, and with your unique perspective, how is today's strategy of adapting to make sure we are not standing up a force that will fold in the face of resistance? is it enough to seek to recruit sunnis? what are the lessons learned that give you confidence that these efforts will prove successful as you leave your unique place in the military efforts? gen. dempsey: thank you

congresswoman. a couple thoughts. in terms of the strategy in general, i think our strategy matches the complexity we are dealing with. if you do not remember anything else i have said today, remember that the strategy matches the complexity. this is not a simple environment in any sense of the word. to the point earlier about it would seem inconceivable that the sunni would coalesce in the fight against isil, the reality is that some of our sunni partners are worried about iranian hegemony than a heisel --isil. i mentioned we are trying to build a network. that network, which will include all the stakeholders i described, will be somewhat

spongeable if necessary. reaching out to the sunni tribes is a very prudent -- and by the way, we are doing it at the request of prime minister abadi. there was discussion that this was knee-jerk reaction to the fall of ramadi, but we have been planning this for months. we are looking at other locations for the network which will be in support of plan "a" and accessible if plan "b" becomes necessary. committee member: you have said you do not see this being resolved quickly. any words of advice as to how we adapt over time to the changing environments? gen. dempsey: that is the thought. i think increasingly, as i mentioned when we talked about risk for the first time in my

41 years, we have states whose capabilities -- i do not know about their intent, but i know they have capabilities -- but we have to deal with a. we have to deal with actors whose capability is less clear. some of that includes budget certainty so we can build a military to deal with those threats and be a adaptive when we get it wrong. the key to that is leader development. no one does that better than we do. committee member: i wish you the best of luck. mr. franks: thank you. i want to add my personal gratitude on behalf of my children for your noble and lifelong commitment to the cause of human freedom and its future. secretary carter, it has been highlighted in several mediums

recently that the kurdish strategy seems to be the one that is working. it seems to be very effective. yesterday, i had the privilege of hosting the president of kurdistan, national assembly of syria. he was very honest about the strength of the kurdish people. 40 million or 50 million rep turkey, iran iraq, and syria. the estimated 40,000 fighters could be ready once called. but he emphasized their greatest limitation is not the number of fighters, but ammunition equipment, things they need in terms of hard support. if the reports are true that the administration lobbied against a effort in the senate to directly are the peshmerga why, and what is the defense department doing

to ensure that the and weapons we have to send will make it into the committed and capable hands of the peshmerga? sec. carter: thank you congressman. you are right. committed, capable. the kurdish forces are what we aspire to with respect to their iraqi security forces. in general, they show the will to fight. i pointed earlier to their seizing, in past days, a critical lifeline of supplies to isil. they are effective in protecting and defending their region and in the larger campaign to defeat isil. so we are supporting them from the air. we are supporting them with equipment, to get to your point. i met with mr. barzani we went

through the various categories of weapons we are providing. i should note we are not the only one. the system the kurds have gotten that they value the most come from european allies. that shows everybody is in the fight. but we are committed to supporting kurdish forces. the reason for the angle shot, so to speak, is if the government gets back to supporting a multi-sectarian iraq. that is the policy. we have turned to baghdad and said, you cannot slow this down. in the earlier days, they were slowing it down. now it is getting directly to our stuff and from europe and elsewhere. committee member: i appreciate

that and i understand the policy. i hope we will continue to work in that direction. the deadline for the nuclear negotiations is weeks away. the perception is that the u.s. is entering into a deal with iran that is, in my judgment, already had a great effect on russia and china. as they watch us, in their minds, capitulate to a lesser power. i am worried saudi arabia is consolidating a nuclear future and that the u.s. appears weaker with every step isis takes. i knows the -- i know these are decisions on the administrative level, but these could have much greater implications across the middle east, as you know.

how is the administration and of the department ensuring that we balance near-term isis threat with a long-term iranian threat? and what effects on the ground do you see this injection of the iranian economy with billions of dollars that they may continue sponsorship of terrorism? what effect will that have? gen. dempsey: that is not a 10 second question. i will give you a six second answer. we have state threats and nonstate actors. isil's strategy is the subset of a global strategy. i would be happy to lay it out for you. mr. thornberry: time is expired. we have to try to hold to the five-minute rule. committee member:

congratulations, general dempsey, on your upcoming retirement. i want to address the fact i continue to have reservations about a mission to equip syrian opposition forces. our ability to differentiate between numerous factions, properly oversee the mission and know whether those we are training are working in support of u.s. goals long-term. i understand that training has officially begun. my reservations remain. namely, our ability to identify those who can be counted on. now that the training is underway, i am concerned about a range of issues. what happens to the rebels when they come under attack from isis fighters? could you please elaborate on the process for supplying the

rebels and what support they will receive? also, what is our long-term commitment if they are armed with u.s. caliber weapons? have we committed to long-term supply of nato caliber bullets? they are not using ak-47's. were providing the nato rounds? i want to make sure we know how a group of rebels -- what their objectives will be, how we measure success. sec. carter: an excellent question. the syrian train and equip program is more challenging than the iraq train and equip program for the reasons you cited. we are trying to recruit and identify people that can be

counted on. that is, to fight, to have the right mindset and ideology, not be aligned with groups like isil , and work towards our goal, for them to fight isil. it turns out to be hard to identify people who need those criteria. the general is trying hard to identify such people. you raised another question, when we equip them and set them loose. what responsibility do we have for them thereafter? i believe we have obligation to support them, including supply them. there will be questions raised, including by this committee, did any of the stuff we get them get

diverted? we are dealing with government security forces and have a little more experience keeping control over it equipment. these people we are trying to recruit in syria, it is trickier. the constraints we put on ourselves, which are understandable, do progressively limit the number of inductees into the program. it limits the growth of the program. we have enough training sites but not enough trainees. gen. dempsey: thank you congresswoman. whenever i talk to veterans, they consider the -- themselves fortunate to have you here. i share your reservations. this is challenging. more challenging than iraq. but it is a necessary step. we have experience supporting the ypg around the

syrian-turkish border. what is under consideration is command and control, close air support. no decisions made. we have not reached a point to deploy them. we have had challenges recruiting and retaining. we are trying to work through those. as i said, we have a template we have applied that we think is applicable. those decisions will be made sometime in the next couple of months. committee member: at what point is there diminished returns? if you have so few recruits that can meet the criteria, is it worth it to continue this policy of training and equipping syrian rebels? gen. dempsey: for now, we are just at the first iteration of this. it is too soon to give up on it. the alternative is to try to find groups within syria, which

is in itself a challenge, to partner with. mr. wittman: thank you so much for your service. i want to go to your comments that you made about the lack of overall success with iraqi forces against isis. you talk about shortcomings whether it is command-and-control, capability, will to fight. there have been suggestions that there are more things we can do with our forces from an operational perspective additional enablers, flying more air cover, special operations in targeted areas. better intelligence surveillance-reconnaissance. trailing at the battalion level. even the assertion it may be better to put more troops on the ground, in addition to other

arab nations that have interest countries like jordan, saudi arabia, egypt. we have heard from you about the shortcomings of the iraqi forces. is there more we can do from an operational aspect with our efforts? sec. carter: thank you. how has the isf performed? it is mixed. counterterrorism forces have fought admirably and relentlessly, almost to the point of exhaustion, over the past month. others have dissolved and collapsed. furthermore, iraqi forces had

increasingly become a shia force. rather than a sunni force, which is why the sunni people felt they needed to come back. to get to your question, when we have capable iraqi ground forces , like the ones we are trying to build, your question is, what kind of support will we provide? we are committed to providing intelligence advice support. with respect to introducing more forces on the ground that is something we will need to revisit as the forces are produced. once we have a capable force what can we do to enable it? i like your idea of not just

involving us in that. our goal is to be an enabler, motivator. not a substitute for a capable ground force. that is where we would like to get to. gen. dempsey: the words to keep in mind, beside the strategy matching complexity, is trans regional. isis has tentacles in other places. that is the point to carry with you. we have almost 50% of the global resource in isr committed to iraq and syria. that is a heavy lift. the rest of it is reacting to european security, issues related to iranian

aggressiveness yemen, issues with the pacific. and afghanistan, where we still have 10,000 troops committed. we are trying to make this a sustainable effort. we are trying to provide unique capabilities. meaning that which no one else can provide. but we are, of course, looking at moments for limited objectives, offense of operations where we might provide a boost. but i would be reluctant -- my military judgment would be that introduction of those resources should not be on a habitual basis. we want them to understand this is their fight. rather for moments it would be strategically significant. for example, an assault on mosul.

mr. wittman: i yield back. committee member: mr. secretary in the nine lines of effort that comprise our strategy, the first one you cited is political. you said every other line of effort follows from the. we must be successful politically. if we are going to achieve our goals in the region. you gave an example of building governments. can you tell us where we have built governments in a region successfully? follow-up question, how long will that take? since everything follows the success of that first line of effort. sec. carter: that is a very complicated task. in iraq, it will mean helping the iraqis when they recover

territory from isil to build a system of governance that the people are willing to support and defend long-term. where have we had success? my view is we have had considerable success in afghanistan. speaking to president ghani yesterday morning, reporting the results of the campaign. afghan security is, which we trained and are enabling, the national unity government of president ghani and of the love tule -- abdullah abdullah, is a government holding together. this in afghanistan of -- an unlikely place for that to be done.

we are not at that stage in iraq. but when we get to that stage, i think we will participate in an international effort to help these places that are tragically demolished to rebuild themselves and govern themselves. mr. o'rourke: 15 years in afghanistan to get to a successful example, including the fact we have been in iraq 2003, invested tens of billions of dollars, trained and army that melted in the face of the enemy. i have serious resignation about the potential to achieve success. the third line of effort you mentioned is helping to produce a capable committed, local ground force. you admitted we had budgeted to equip 24,000 and have only recruited 7000. you add that the only ground forces, apart from the iraqi

army, or the shia militias funded and armed by iran. is this a serious proposal? is this a serious line of effort we can expect to succeed, given the recent failures, in your admission, that the iraq he army lacks the will to fight? sec. carter: it is a serious effort, but it hinges upon sunni fighters coming into the iraqi security forces. being trained and equipped by us and the coalition, enabled by us, but fighting for their homeland. that is the essential ingredient. that was absent starting last summer. quite clearly absent. not everywhere. earlier, we talked about the peshmerga. i mentioned the cts and other

units of iraqi security forces that did fight. as you indicated, there are shia militias which we do not support. we only support those that fall under the government of iraq as part of our overall strategy of supporting a multi-sectarian government. it is difficult. the gap between 24,000 and 7000, the whole point of takada is trying to close that gap. i think we will get on track to close the gap. mr. o'rourke: one of my colleagues and you agreed that one of my -- our primary missions is to support soldiers. i can think of no greater way of supporting them then ensuring we have a strategy that will

succeed when we place them in harm's way, and acknowledge that many of them will lose their lives. i hope there is a plan b. sec. carter: amen to that. that is another reason they deserve a clear asked the nation. -- explanation. committee member: thank you gentlemen, for your service. secretary carter and general dempsey, thank you for your service to our beloved nation. i do have some questions about what is happening in iraq. your nine points or nine lines you talk about, secretary carter , most of them are non-kinetic.

messaging and counter messaging and that sort of thing. general dempsey, you said the other day, with regard to ramadi , that the city itself is not symbolic in any way. what factors on the ground would change? this is a question for both of you. what would change on the ground in iraq that would change our strategy, particularly in a more kinetic way? sec. carter: there is, in one's thinking, the question, what if a multi-sectarian iraq turns out not to be possible?

i think the chairman undressed that. i agreed with what he said in response to congressman smith. that is an important part of our strategy on the ground. if that fails, if the government cannot do what it is supposed to do, we will try to enable local forces if they are willing to partner with us, to keep stability. but there will not be a single state of iraq. at the same time, i think the other nine lines of effort signify that, while we are working on this challenging situation on the ground in iraq, we are trying to protect ourselves and contain the threat. mr. fleming: to be more specific, let's say baghdad is in danger of falling. the entire government could be toppled. would that change our on the

ground strategy? change the extent to which we use kinetic activity? sec. carter: i will ask the chairman to comment as well. i do not see that particular scenario as very likely. prime minister abadai has surrounded baghdad with much of the remaining iraqi security forces. many of them, as i have noted are shia in orientation and therefore, likely to fight fiercely. i will ask the chairman for his judgment. gen. dempsey: that is why we are there right now. the threat was what drew us into the kinetic portion of the fight. as well as into baghdad. and the fact we have a diplomatic presence in the form

of the embassy. look, we will always protect national interests unilaterally. in fact, some of the recent special operation strikes and kinetic strikes you have seen is conduct -- let's not forget, these 1650 pilots know how dangerous it is sure they find themselves with engine failure or a shot from a air defense weapon. we are active kinetically. would something causes to be more kinetic? obviously, it would be credible intel of a threat to a -- the homeland or facilities and person. for the day-to-day isil fight we rely on coalition partners. mr. fleming: what if the homeland is hit, such as 9/11?

with that change the strategy in iraq? in what way? gen. dempsey: i suspect so. but the fundamental strategy today is to prevent that from happening and to have an enduring outcome. if you are suggesting that we could do a better job, absolutely. but we would be back there to years from now. committee member: thank you, mr. chairman, general dempsey secretary carter, for your service. i believe we must have a full and open debate on ongoing operations in the middle east. given the ever-changing situation, has there been any thought on updating changes to the aumf measures since they

were submitted? any thoughts on extensive ground operation? sec. carter: i will answer that. the question the chairman and i asked ourselves about the aumf several months ago, we asked two questions. one, did this give us the needed flexibility and of authority to conduct a campaign that is necessary? second, would its passage clearly signify to our people meaning our men and women in uniform and members of the department of defense, that the country is behind them in the fight? those of the two things that are important to me. the first question is

affirmative for me in the version the president submitted. because it was flexible in its definition of isil and the enemy, so to speak, because it was not geographically limited. we know isil is geographically limited. it had the three-year peace which is not anything to do with a military campaign. i cannot tell you in three years, the campaign will be over. it is a recognition of our constitutional system, that there could be a new president and the idea of their revisiting the strategy seems reasonable to me. the only restriction within it is about long-term large-scale offensive combat operations, which we judge are not part of

our strategy. and we do not think will be needed to combat isil. therefore, i am ok with that provision in the draft the president has submitted. those are questions we asked ourselves. i hope it will pass. i cannot say if it is legally necessary, but i think it would show support for the troops, which is a good thing. committee member: secretary carter, 450 troops were deployed in support of operation in harwich result. you have said we can do -- nothing we can substitute for iraqi forces will suffice. following the fall of ramadi, you made similar comments. i think many of us are concerned that the administration is

considering committing a substantial ground force to the ongoing effort to combat isis. in 10 months, we have solely seen a ramp up. our options being considered to redeployed a ground force to the region? if not, at what number will the line be drawn? we want to know how it ends and where we draw the line on american involvement. sec. carter: the essence of the strategy is not to have u.s. forces substitute for capable and motivated local forces, but to have u.s. and coalition forces enable those forces. the reason for that is that is the only way to get a lasting

result. american forces, outside forces, can combat. but when it comes time for them to sustain a only be done by local forces. that is why our strategy is not in thousands of american troops. it is to put in smaller and carefully selected groups that can have unusual leverage. that is the point. not about the number of people. it is the leverage they will have in the middle of sunni recruiting territories. it is right in the middle of the anbar operation center. committee member: general dempsey, thank you for your decades of dedicated service to this country. although i feel you have earned

retirement, we will miss you. this country will miss your service. there is a position in this government of no boots on the ground. i want to boil down what that means. i agree that we should not have u.s. military personnel in iraq as a ground component, taking the fight away from indigenous forces iraqi security forces. i also have a concern about the definition. i do feel there ought to be some u.s. military personnel with iraqi forces, forward air controllers, to make sure we have effective air support advisors. not simply behind the wire, but with iraqi units.

i served in iraq with the marine corps. what i noticed on patrols was that it emboldened the confidence of the iraqi soldiers. what is the position of the administration right now? i have heard critics complain about the effectiveness of close air support in terms of the number of missions and the effectiveness of those missions. general dempsey? gen. dempsey: thanks, congressman. on the boots on the ground issue , i do not know what the administration's position is long-term. by military judgment is that i would not recommend we put u.s. forces in harm's way to stiffen the spine of local forces. if there spine is not stiffened

by the threat of isil, nothing we do will stiffen there spine. on the other hand, when they become offensive, and you understand the distinction between defense and offense, if there is a strategic target, and we want to make sure they succeed, it could be a major city, oil refinery, i would certainly take the general's advice and go to the secretary of defense and have a conversation about how we could make the chances of success better. not just stiffen there spine. in terms of success of air power, the limitation is not about forward air controllers were u.s. serviceman. it is about the intermingling of a significant number of groups. let's take ramadi. you have the intermingling of iraqi security forces.

maybe counterterror forces. some elements of the shia militia, some of which working on behalf of iraq, some of which we are concerned about, and tribes. so we are very precise and deliver it about the use of air power so we do not undermine our campaign. sec. carter: just because you asked about the administration, i agree with everything the chairman has said. we are open to that judgment in the future. what we need is an iraqi ground force. then we can provide leverage. not to substitute, but leverage them. the last thing i will say is that there are on the ground -- boots on the ground in iraq. they are not just in baghdad.

they are around the country. the job they are doing is building a capable and motivated ground force that we can leverage. and we will revisit that question when we have a ground force to enable. committee member: let me make sure i understand your position. if forward iraqi forces are in contact with isis or enemy elements and close air support would be effective in terms of influencing that battle, shaping the battlefield, then you would support u.s. military personnel in the form of forward air control? gen. dempsey: we will take that one for the record congressman. mr. moulton: gentlemen: thank

you for your service. general dempsey, when i walked into your office in baghdad as a lieutenant you proved to me that you are not only a great national leader but that you are a very good boss. i am grateful for being able to serve with you as well as have you lead our country in important ways. thank you very much. when you say that putting combat troops on the ground is no substitute for local forces, because only they can produce enduring results, my concern is that the plan does not look materially different from what we were doing some time ago. just a smaller scale. i think the missing component is

an enduring political plan to ensure the iraqi government can hold itself together. ultimately, it is a political failure in iraq. i think we all agree on that. talking about how important this first line of effort is, building a more effective multi-sectarian government in iraq, i am concerned by my experience on the ground when i visited in february. i did not see a single american commander on the military side who knew anything about a political plan. when i talked to the ambassador in baghdad, his position was that it is up to the iraqis. it is not about us influencing a sovereign iraq. it is about us influencing iraqi politics or iran influencing iraqi politics. it concerns me frankly, mr. chairman, when you say you do

not know what the administration's long-term plan is. if we do not know what the plan is, i'm not sure it is worth putting troops at risk in iraq. on a personal level, the most frustrating part of going back to iraq was seeing so much of what we achieved gone away. i want to make sure we have a long-term, enduring political plan so that whatever effort is made by the 450 on the ground today does not go to waste and we find ourselves sending troops again five years from now. gen. dempsey: i did not intend to imply that i do not know what the administration's plan is. i try to lay that out. what i meant to suggest was that , as the campaign evolved, when we approach to the administration for additional resources within the context of strategy, they have taken our

advice in every case. i have not gone forward with further recommendations. sec. carter: i want to second that. with respect to your excellent question, that reinforces the first line of effort is it essential. the first line of effort being and iraqi government that will not be handled the way maliki's government was. that is something we can influence, not directly control. that is why the first second, and third line of efforts are important to align. mr. moulton: what are we doing to counter iranian influence on the ground in iraq today?

sec. carter: we made it clear to prime minister abadi and all the parties, that we are not going to support militias or shia forces supported by iran or otherwise constituted that are not under the control of the iraqi government. the ones we are going to support and enable, the ones we intend to be successful, will be under the control of the government of iraq. mr. moulton: are they responding to that leverage? i spoke to the iraqi ambassador and he says when the house is on fire, america comes with conditions and fire insurance. iran shows up with a fire extinguisher. sec. carter: we have spoken to

prime minister abadi about this point. he is asking for our help. this he speak for everybody in baghdad? no. but he is asking for our help, our support. mr. hunter: general and mr. secretary, thank you for being here. you have been asked about isis hot and heavy, so we will keep it in the middle east. two years ago, i asked secretary hagel to institute a hostage policy review, asked him to recruit a point person for dod. and secretary hagel did that. the white house instituted a hostage policy review. all of this came about because things were brought to my attention by colonel amory a special forces soldier in

afghanistan, working on half his policy and recovery. he is being investigated. he is being drummed out of the army. he would not have a hostage policy review unless secretary hagel started it. i would not have requested it. few would not have a point person in mike liumpkin. senator johnson wrote a letter a few days ago, asking you to look into secretary mchugh, his investigatory policies within the army. possible abuse by cid and the case of lieutenant colonel amory. i would just like >> i would like your commitment

that you would look into this, because none of this would have happened if it weren't for this claim of whistleblower status because he helped the u.s. fix it botched hostage recovery policy. of which we had none. you had at dei state dod, and other intelligence communities all in their own lanes doing their own thing for hostages. that is going to change. you will have your own hostage policy now that that is going to pass the senate, you will have that now. that would not have come about without the guy under investigation, who made it all possible. right? secretary carter: i am familiar with the case. it is under investigation. i am familiar with the case, you have my commitment that i will

keep in touch with that investigation as appropriate. and also you will have, i can't speak for the history of cores but you have my commitment with respect to a reasonable conclusion of the hostage policy review. and since the chairman may have them present at the creation of the review, if you'd like to, chairman -- comment chairman? general martin dempsey: we are both aware of it, we are enthusiastic to move ahead with this issue and make it more coherent across the government. mr. hunter: i understand that you cannot comment on it, that has happened in the past. i just ask that this is bigger than one particular service.

when you look at this case in particular and jason and what he has done. he was in service to the entire country and the constitution and he was doing his duty. if you do not conduct some oversight on the investigation the investigation will not have the outcome that it should have, it he will not be cleared and not exonerated as someone who actually got someone done within the system. i would hope that every single one of those gentlemen sitting behind you in uniform knows that they -- if they cannot work within the system, they can come to congress, that is what we are here for. when you are in the box, you can always fix yourself, i yield back mr. chairman. mac thornberry: thank you. representative. >> thank you.

miss gabbard: i think it is important as we look at the strategy to defeat isis, it is important we operate in the world that exists, not the one that we hope could exist or would exists in the future. it is important to recognize that these ideals are good to have, but we are operating in a world that exists today. so even as we look at this administrations policy, the previous administrations policy, the previous administration and the billions of dollars spent on holding onto this unified central government policy, even as we hear rhetoric from prime minister abadi, even as we hear from experts who wear the uniform and those who have studied the middle east for a long time, this is a fractured

country. the kurds and the shia territories to the west. when you look at this question and you look at mr. secretary your answer to mr. works -- mr. o'rourke's question about if there is a plan in place to allow for this the sunni tribes to secure themselves and he talked about how this would happen in the future. help the iraqi government put a plan in place for government, territories recovered. but my question goes to the great -- tikrit. i questioned this before it occurred, there was no plan for it at that time. and we saw the result. as soon as this city was taken

homes were burned down, businesses were looted, and as a result, you can continue to see why these sunni people have no motivation to go and fight for this so-called iraqi security force, this iraqi government that shut down bridges when they were trying to run away from isis. so i think we all recognize it at the sunni people need to be empowered, but this is why there is no faith in -- faced by many in congress and the sunni tribes more importantly, that there is a plan to empower them. secretary carter: i respect your expertise on this. one of my favorite sayings is hope is not a strategy. this is a strategy, the tickler part of the strategy which has to do with the integrity of the iraqi state is a challenging one. no question about it. for all of the reasons you

described. it is, if they can be achieved better than sectarian is him -- sectarianism for the iraqi people and for what we want, which is isil's defeat. is it difficult to achieve -- yes. does it even all caps and essentially gradient empowering this anything giving them the will to participate -- dissipate? absolutely. that is a good example. there was aftermath that incentivizes us to be trying to get cities to fight. if you put she is into the sunni fight, you know how that ends. that is not lasting defeat.

that is why we are trying to get the sunnis into the fight. i think that you are asking exactly the right question. i think it is more the and hope -- and hope. we are determined to do this. there are plenty of iraqis that say they will support that strategy and we can make it to the. -- make it succeed. this gabbard -- miss gabbard: i wouldn't say that this allows further oxygen for this to continue to grow in exist in sunni territory. thank you.

mr. chairman: mr. brydon stein. mr. bridennstine: general, you mentioned earlier about general mcchrystal and you have to defeat a network with a network and his commitment to that. certainly he was also very committed to the counterinsurgency strategy deployed in afghanistan. you were the deputy commander of centcom when we employed counter insurgency in iraq and i think you eventually became the acting commander of centcom under the counterinsurgency policy. my understanding is we employ that kind of strategies of that we can come to the diplomatic and political solution that she was just talking about. at idea is that we have space to

maneuver so parties can come together and come to a governing solution that is reasonable for all involved. can you share with us your time there, why was it successful? why was the counterinsurgency strategy in iraq successful? general martin dempsey: i think that the counterinsurgency is effective when the lines outlined in the beginning are applied, not just as a military instrument. there was not much else going on in the world. we invested resources into that effort. i don't think that you are suggesting, i guess i should probably ask if you are digesting that we should make that commitment again. rather it seems to me that we are trying to accomplish the objectives of a counterinsurgency, but adapting based on what we have learned, to make sure that most of that

lifting is done by regional partners and the government of iraq itself. i'm not so jesting that we return to counter insurgency in iraq, but what does concern me is that we have heard from this administration that we have to in -- and -- end the gains of the counterinsurgency, because we didn't have the status of forces agreement. and the reason we didn't have the status of forces agreement, according to the a administration, is that they could not get it ratified. all of a sudden we are putting thousands of troops that -- back. do we have that agreement? we have a 3000 servicemen and women on the ground. >> so it originally, t we didn't

have a status of forces agreement? general martin dempsey: i don't know the answer to that. you are talking back in 2011? >> my point is, if we can sustain the gains we have from a counterinsurgency, i think it was mr. moulton who talked about the gains, this was difficult for us as a nation. if we can do that with the exchange of the mimetic letters why would we do that with the exchange of divided -- of diplomatic letters? everything we fought to achieve it seems to all be for not. this is a lesson that we cannot go back and unwind, but we must be aware of this as we go forward, because these conflicts will happen again.

the commander in chief need to make a decision that he does not do to change the policy that became -- that came before him. we inherit the policy from our predecessor and have to make decisions in the best interest of our country. whether or not it was his word to begin with. general martin dempsey: you would have to concede that we have a much different partner in prime minister abadi. >> that is correct and had it we had an opportunity to do it with an exchange of diplomatic letters, that is something that prime minister maliki wanted to do. we rejected that. i yield back. mr. chairman: miss bordello. miss bordallo: i thank you for your service, gentlemen.

as we have announced, the additional deployment of service members to the middle east, i've become troubled about the effects it will have on the readiness of our total force. instead of sending complete units, we are deploying piecemeal opponents and it is portion and contingent of senior personnel. i am concerned that the portion of the unit that remains at home station or in training will be relegated to preparing only for small unit operations, instead of being able to train for full operations. now how will we mitigate this and ensure our reconstituting units will get the training they need to recover their readiness? that is the first part of the question. secondly, will we consider changing the model for how we generate forces for small-scale operations?

secretary carter: excellent questions. i will start and ask the chairman to pitch in. you are absolutely right, when we send in such a force, we tend to take certain elements, including the command element out of a larger unit, a brigade or division. it we deploy it forward, because it is the only part of the worst that we need. the rest stays behind. that is a readiness dilemma for this case, the army. and i know that the army works very hard on that. but it is, as you say, so the second part of your question, is are we thinking of ways, i forget how you put it, but systematizing and in dealing

with the readiness issues. absolutely we are. secretary mchugh and general linear no art. chairman was also the chief of staff of the army and perhaps you will comment as well. general martin dempsey: we are adapting our global force management process to account for the fact that as i mentioned earlier, for the first time in a long time, we have the issue of dealing with potential threats from state actors and nonstate actors. it's always our instinct to apply coherent units, that is to say units that have been organized, trained and equipped and had a long relationship with each other. it we are going to find ways to account for our global challenges with a hybrid solution to global force management. frankly, we are a much different

army i will be happy to describe for you how we will approach that. >> thank you. mr. chairman: mr. one-stroke -- wenstrup. mr. wenstrup: thank you. as i say here and we go through all this, i can't help but reflect on thousands who served. it makes my stomach turn on i think of friends killed in certain areas that are now under control of isil. it is difficult to sit and watch what is taking place today. today we have a possibility of a resolution being brought forward that asks for the removal of

u.s. troops from iraq and syria. what do you think the middle east will look like if we did that? general martin dempsey: our withdrawal from this issue would challenge and the s in greater risk of overtime. no question about it. mr. one-stwenstrup: thank you. is it helping -- i would agree with you on that note, i think those are key components to whatever military operation we are engaged and. is it helping with recruitment on the local level?

for our allies in this fight? general martin dempsey: at the moment are counter messaging is the truth, we do not have particular ways of getting on social media and propaganda in -- i don't think you are suggesting we do that. mr. went strup: -- secretary carter: i will start with leadership, we step up and indicate that we are in the game, we are not substituting for the game, but we are in the game, whether it be here or anywhere else, i was just in southeast asia last week. there is a hunger for american leadership, we haven't played that role for decades in many

parts of the world. same is true in europe. i think the best message we can give against all of these threats to our friends and allies is one of resolve and steadiness. you made an earlier reference to continuity over time, that is important as well. the steadiness of american leadership, it goes back to all the things we had a conversation on, about the budget, we need steadiness there as well. that is the best kind -- that is for helping friends and getting them to do more. mr. wenstrup: how about the humanitarian side? i thought people of iraq again to trust us more than their own government, because of the way that we lived with them and we

entered what they endured, we provided medical relief and things like that, are we doing things like that? the humanitarian effort that wins the hearts and minds of those we need to be successful? secretary carter: i don't think we have had the full opportunity to do that. when we take back territories, we need to help the iraqis to do that, to restore services, make sure people are getting food power, all of these things that make up normal life. i have to be the sequel to a military defeat of isil otherwise the tide will turn back again. that is intentional. we want not try to do that by ourselves about i think -- that i think that we needed to enable the aftermath. many of the partners we haven't are willing to do that and they have experience in doing that, including in afghanistan.

it is not like the u.s. has to bear the only bird in there. mr. wenstrup: thank you, i yield back. mr. chairman: mr. ashford. mr. ashford: thank you. on-topic probably it has been asked and answered a couple of times, but when i was in iraq and -- past a question, a compelling question. when one of the -- there was quite a bit of optimism when we are there in february, and it had to do with the fact that in june there would be in operation and muzzle -- mosul, but much has changed and then, but

obviously you are just that. one thing for me, and i reported back to the nebraskans, was that i saw the emergence of countries trying to unify these groups in a less sectarian manner and king abdullah of jordan was one of those. and it was very to me, at least to someone who was new to this it was very optimistic and he talked about his idea of ringing sunni leaders -- bringing sunni leaders together. and and to, ever since that time, the jordanians have been challenged by significant things, not at least for which the refugees and some of the al qaeda issues.

number one, i guess my question would be, how are things going with jordan and do you see that that sort of exceptional list kind of approach that he was taking being able to move forward? secretary carter: it is a key question that was alluded to but you hit the nail on the head. which is where are the other particularly sunni aligned powers in the region in this fight which is essentially for a big swaths of sunni territory by a group where religion is the center of their political ideology? in the case of jordan, there is no question about that. it is the level of insight by

the king and the tremendous support he has in jordan, and part because of the tragic burning, he is all in and a committed partner, and we are doing everything we can to work with him. the refugees are a challenge to a small country like jordan, so definitely a worry. when we had the gcc countries here in washington a about a month ago and they were raising issues and other region, including iran, which they are concerned about, but we are saying it is not just iran there is isil. and you are uniquely positioned to play a greater role in this campaign. and they indicated some willingness to do so and at the moment we are trying to help them build the capacity to do

so, because some of them don't have the ground forces that could help them participate in the campaign against iraq. mr. ashford: and the training mission, i know that you talked about that, but to me it seemed then and now, that you can obviously there is a military objective and that the follow-through with. but it isn't, maybe i'm wrong, but it isn't so much that we have to wait until the military objective is absolutely done. that there is also a parallel course of bringing these other leaders together to try to find a more political solution. it seems to me when i left that it is parallel, it has to be a parallel thing.

secretary carter: i completely agree with that. all the lines of effort of strategy need to be synchronized , the political and military need to be secret eyes. mr. chairman: mrs. maccsally. miss mcsally: thank you. thank you gentlemen. i have a concerns about what appears to be an incoherent -- income parents and our regional strategy related to iran specifically where we are marching toward a nuclear agreement with them. we have incoherent there. i want to say on the record that i think the incoherent strategy that is impacting some of the

lack of commitment of our allies any political nature specifically in iraq. i want to focus my questions on the targeting in the area of campaign -- arab campaign in iraq. just a met with the air component commander and jdf leadership. they felt isis was on the defensive. i am concerned and i know that you mentioned we are hitting targets, except when collateral damage is a factor. i want to quote in general, this is from the washington post, this is from a couple weeks ago, the fastest way to end the inhumanity of war is to eliminate is source, which is in the islamic state. the current approach is worsening the suffering and

increasing the loss of innocent life. while unintended casualties of war are regrettable, they pale in comparison to the savage acts being carried out by the iranian state. what is the logic of a policy that restricts -- while allowing this urgency of crimes against humanity? i think it is a valid line of argument. if we are trying to avoid casualties of war, but increasing the loss of innocent life, how do we balance that? you may need to answer this in a classified manner, but what percentage of -- and how many targets have we identified? we have not struck them because of the collateral damage or

maybe because the approval process takes so long -- how many are we not hitting, because of this extreme constraint we are putting on for collateral damage? general martin dempsey: i could not disagree more with that general. i would

>> at would like to answer you in a classified version. >> let's get it indication of this is a thing that is really allowing us -- >> this is not a limiting factor, in my judgment. >> we talked about it earlier. over 600 pilots flying every -- 1600 pilots flying every day. are those visiting the theater they remain outside iraq, primarily because of limitations on boots on the ground. we are allowing more advisors to go in, but not allowing rescue forces to go in. have you advised the administration to move than their? or are you comfortable with them being that far away. >> that is a great question. they are operating from outside of iraq.

they're not taking any more risk. if we go into the point where we would accompany the iraqi security forces, -- that is why it is important, this is not just about putting, it is about putting a medevac forward and eight q rf. >> one f-16 pilot creates that same responsiveness. >> we have pr in hand. if we expand this, we will have to answer that. >> , mr. chairman. -- thank you, mr. chairman. i just want to follow-up, we had king abdullah right where you are sitting the day after they released a video of his pilot being burned to death. you can imagine his attitude. he made a couple of points that resonated with me.

one is that this is our fight indicating that is not judeo christian. it is called whack a mall, you had them here, -- whack a mole you had them here, they pop up here. those lines are simple lines on a map. this is about the middle east. what do you see as a win -- is it geographically based? and is it short-term?

what is a whe dis >> >> i think this gets back to the previous question about how complex and varied our problems are in the middle east. with the american national interest as a strategy in these circumstances we try to pursue our interest. in this particular fight against isil to stop the movement that endangers friends and allies and its success in the campaign would be eliminating not

every mole to use your metaphor but every mole hole. to make it still says there is not a safe haven that isil represented that it continues to you destabilize place is like jordan. that is what we're trying to accomplish it is difficult and will take some time but that is the strategy of that particular region and that particular problem but we talk about iran as a challenge this is one but not the only one. >> just to follow up as a strategic perspective of the can take out the mold but don't we have to look at this long term to make sure you have the tools that are needed? this islam term because if we defeated one area it will

come up in another area right thus the 1400 year fight is this ongoing? >> congressmen i absolutely do and has said so at every opportunity. that runs from afghanistan to build pardners to make regional stakeholders. >> so predictability. >> so predictability and the budget would help us accomplish that. >> that is what we are hearing that the uae sees that protection could walk

away from their commitment or friends in the area. predictability is the single most stabilizing force. do you agree with that? >> and perseverance. >> i yield back. >> gentleman i appreciated. mr. secretary what i wrote down zero to day that hope is not a strategy. so i hope we have thousands of sunni that flood into the training that we will do to energize to fight isil but there are concerns about whether they will do that you trust the central government and the issue carries certify iraq is the inclusive government than we can directly arms the sunni tribes and the kurds.

hope is not a strategy. hoping for that inclusive iraq with the sunni to join in the fighting hope it happens but if a dozen have been quick we cannot have vice is to continue to grow i hope we have them grow have five or 7 percent every year with the industrial base could plan on that to be of much better system but on the of their hands we're not in that world right now and if the president chooses to veto those to defense bills to provide exactly as much money as he asks for because to leverage for the irs that will have serious consequences because that is

easier at continuing resolution for the rest of the year so not only to deal with the real world but the president as well can use hope not as a strategy but with the real-world consequences with some of these decision is taken as as we have affirmed is the complex and the background of problems we have to deal with that as we find it not as we hope it to be. you don't need to comment but those are my parting thoughts. >> i will just say because it is my favorite phrase, at as then every other part of the world we need to be

practical to return hope it into reality that is the meaning of that slogan. >> is a great point how you get from hope to reality as the strategy? to from where we hope it will be below psycho huang winding difficult road in the middle east. please remain seated so the chairman can make their way out. we whole deal longer than intended simply stays seated for just a moment while the zero witnesses to part. thank you for being here and relax for word to other engagements. [inaudible conversations]

aho >> the hearing is [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] we are opening a new facility and a different part of iraq we hope there

will be trained and effective in to give them confidence. >> you are sending the ground troops and? >> not necessarily there were some excellent question is especially from combat veterans about tying our hands with the advisers to go into the field and so forth. >> but as i mentioned iraq cannot be an inclusive government if you have that provision in the bill with those other groups as you may have heard click the iraqi government.

>> they said let the government closer to i iran iran, i don't mean at all to do disparage the intentions but yet but i rand seems very much in the driver's seat. >> you can not just separate that out but to take into account what iran is doing and this influences throughout the region i did not think i get any type of cancer and it is our they're

trying to do their best within the constraints but i don't have a lot of great confidence. >> what about the of resolution of the troops? i don't get this. >> you don't get it? is coming to the floor today. if there is a privileged status under the war powers solution we could get into a parliamentary debate the vote up or down. >> what is that provision? >> he has a timeframe to get out. >> 60 days? >> that is when it runs out it is all under the war

powers act if something is not authorized under the war powers act of vote that would be forced within 60 days. and i have the opinion but there are these discussions to be straight up or down. >> is there a debate? >> i understand your question. >> no no-no. i do not think so. it is to withdraw now because of the consequences. so whether you think they

have a strategy or not. >> my opinion is we should have that debate. but the concern is so to determine that authorized you don't think that is to be successful? what does that say to our troops and allies? on the other hand and that is some of the back-and-forth. >> and what happens then?

one step at a time. i am hoping the senate will pass it tomorrow we will have a conference report and the president will sign it and if any of those things don't work out we will take that as it comes. but just to emphasize he will veto a defense bill that provides exactly as much money as you would ask for? how does any of that makes sense? via mcdevitt at 1200 pieces of heavy equipment is that appropriate at all? >> it would be operation and maintenance so there would be some cost to drive a the

transportation cost. >> do you have any thoughts? >> it is a contingency of a dangerous world and as you saw what we have with overseas account for contingency is the fund for what is happening in the far east and eastern europe as well. carter said there were not enough people to air the program to put this fight isil. >> hope is not a strategy. that is the theme of the day. he is not the first person

who has said iraq is easy. i see a little prospect that we can push back in the near term. and i appreciate there will not remove i sold -- isil from syria. they cannot do it on their own.

[inaudible conversations] >> good morning. we'll come to the subcommittee hearing on the renewable fuel standard we had two prior hearings on this topic now we have another important discussion. to improve the nation's

energy security to improve the environment protection has nearly doubled through economy standards has led to lower demand than anticipated increase use of natural gas and improved energy efficiency has or greenhouse gas emissions. statutory the epa is required to release the mandate of the preceding year to plan for the future but the epa has not met this deadline since 2009 we're still waiting for the final version of the 2014 version even though it has been over six months. we did not see a final rule until the calendar is over it cited significant controversy as a reason they cannot finalize volumes. seemingly it is unworkable in its current form and there is controversy around

it with this particular issue. with the court ordered to first the proposed mandates for the 4915 and 16 were released together better late than never go we need to take a look of these delays are avoidable every year under current law but with those proposed numbers including attainable ruffles of removals' with the gasoline supply a and the epa has chosen to was the work from 2014 for the proposed rule of the aspirational goal for increased consumer use of vehicles to handle ethanol fuel is. with the sale of six fuel to re-read by the epa starting next year to increase regulatory uncertainty.

to waive significant percentages not being as high as 70,007 when it was last modified. congress did that the epa had to manage this because they lost it is not where it is. are the goals of yesterday working? the price of livestock feed is additional cost and everyday america is living with more expensive per share bills. real concerns over injun damage at the pond on the environmental front hiding negative impact on land and air specifically. we have the opportunity to review the management of the program and i anticipate and

i am thankful that janet mccabe career joyous and i am lucky for to revisit this issue is now recognized the senior member. >> first i wish river not having this hearing today at which there is no question over the management of the epa ability to implement of a program as intended that we're in the place where the epa has created uncertainty to the biofuels producer from cellulosic ethanol producers and this lack of predictability is costing us investment environmentally and jobs. i am a strong supporter of all of the above energies upon - - policy along with senator paul lankford we are the leading producer i don't

know where oklahoma is but number two in the production of oil and orange we have a lot of wind resources then certainly a lot of by a resource so this is a huge issue to my state and i do think all of the above policy is part of that. when we look at what it means to my state alone through a - - represents annual economic output in oklahoma the rff help to create 4300 jobs in wisconsin, 4.2 million about what was over 19,000 jobs and and i was a major ethanol and biofuels producer 19.3 billion with 74,000 jobs.

i think i could go on but these numbers are important to highlight because the rff is important to our economy so to be sure it is administered correctly. they finally released the rules for the 2014 year although late nobody could say releasing those for 15 but the 14 rules were not timely no doubt and that has created a great amount of disruption but i do want to praise your support and also janet mccabe for her leadership to make that happen but it continues to ignore congressional intent and congressionally mandated blended volumes for capacity. the statute allows for the inadequate supply waiver for domestic biofuel supply not distribution capacity way

for. in 2005 the house included a waiver provision for a gesture of reaching capacity but the final bill passed by the house did not. i hope when the epa puts out the final rule they will toss out this reasoning to return to the management of the program the way congress intended if they do that the program will work just fine as it did the first years of the rff. certainty needs to be your concern with legislation or anything else we do here in washington can certainly we spend time to talk about predictability as the component to a proper business environment. providing that certainty is absolutely critical so that they can plan long term to grow their business and the congress provided that in 2005 and 2007 when it passed and demanded said rff was

clear volume and guidance when it may be waived but to get back contract to follow the clear congressional mandates. because of uncertainty has real consequences i mentioned earlier that contribution rff has made to this day but when managed out of line you can imagine negative consequences. the a bandstand say allotted biofuel sectors have already lost 13.$7 billion in investment due to the epa delay. for the biofuel 54 plants in 30 states are closed or are idle because of the lack of certainty from the epa. in 2014 nearly 80 percent of biofuel producers scale back production and almost six other than altogether i know this as a certainty because our plans stalled production for the first part of 2015. however i must emphasize

this is not a problem with the rff but the administration of it as one testimony for the record noted the epa failure to issue rff rules in a timely manner consistent should not be misconstrued as a sign that the program is broken through 2013 and worked as intended to spur innovation and growth with the of financed and save audit biofuel go we will hear from >> host: to past successes in have to get back to that past success and i will say that i am particularly interested in the process how that can be amended for presiding here to talk about to repeal or just the rff but what we can do to administer the program in a way to provide certainty so thank you for showing up for this opportunity for the

statement. >> the acting assisted administrator with a principal deputy and thank you for appearing before us today. in front of the subcommittee base where in all witnesses so please stand and raise your right hand. use read the testimony about to give is the true so whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you god? let the record reflect the answer was affirmative. using a timing system to david you are the only witness but stay close to the five minute time period. we do have your statement you can build on that to reinforce that or talk of something totally different and as we have done before the first-round will be set

questions at five minutes then it is open a dialogue with sinn interchange with the more open conversation. >> figure chairman and ranking member and other members of the subcommittee. i appreciate the opportunity to testify on the renewal fuel standard program ran their proposal the clean air act requires epa to have minimal standards for four different categories. these parts to producers and diesel fuel on may 29 the epa issued a proposal to establish a standard that applies 2014 through 2016 the volume of biomass desalt we will finalize the standards by november 30 at which point we will return to the statutory time line that epa recognizes the delay in issuing standards

has led to uncertainty in the marketplace. this proposal establishes a path for responsible growth to help provide the certainty the marketplace needs to further develop carbon fuels those standards increase every year and it also included the waiver provisions for the epa to use in the event it determines the volumes could not be met for recently issued proposal seeks to ensure the growth of renewable fuel production continues consistent with congressional intent to use the waiver authority in a judicious manner to establish an ambitious but achievable standards. the proposal addresses three years worth of standards for cow --. . .