it says the iranian regime is she hottest dedicated to revolution that is what the constitution says. . .

to instill terrorism. that's in the motivation and intent of this regime, i think we have to discuss it further. if we look at their behavior that's the ideology. the place i would like to start first of all a ran is something with the oic. this is the largest international organization after the united states itself. oic members sign something

called the cairo declaration. it was a withdrawal from the declaration on human rights. did you know that? they almost withdrew. they said instead that the only human rights that they would observe. imputation, beheading crucifixion, that's all part of islamic law. getting to the nature of the regime.

the first victims of that horrific ideology is imposed inside of a iran. they are executing another iranian every two hours. one iranian gets executed inside the country every two hours. they have executed well over 500 people since january of this year. the beginning of this year.

women are second-class citizens. they are literally unequal to men. they roam the streets looking for people who are not wearing the right apparel or the right clothing. that's inside the country. now for 36 years the iranian regime has been outward with the united states. i don't think there's any other way to put it. six american presidents have shied from confronting iran. from jimmy carter to the current president. death to america that they chant every friday after prayer is a staple of this regime. they also chant death to israel. the former president used to say a world without america was not only desirable, he held a conference on this by the way a

world without america is not only desirable, but achievable. what does that mean in the context of a regime a regime that is driving for a deliverable nuclear weapons capacity question mark. >> over these past 36 years iranians and their proxies have held hostage killed, tortured americans. they are currently holding for american citizens hostage and i want to say their names. pastor alba dini was arrested because he was christian. a former fbi agent christian. a former fbi agent was taken in 2007. a former u.s. marine was arrested in 2011 and the white house tehran bureau chief was arrested about a year ago.

the other part of the ideology and the nature of this regime is jew hatred. june hatred is intrinsic to the koran but the genocidal threats have been nonstop. there is no way that israel can look at this regime and listen to its daily threats of genocide, it's dehumanization of jewish people, calling them bacteria and cockroaches and other insects. that is how they talk about them. talk about cartoons? you've seen the cartoons that appear on a daily basis in the arabic newspapers. jew hatred. just in march, three months ago, the commander of the forces

said, and this is while our negotiations are going on with iran. the annihilation of israel is non- negotiable. that is our number one ally and partner in the middle east standing between the barbarism of regimes and western civilization. why are we talking to these people? state sponsorship of terror. terror. since the beginning of the regime you heard michael talking about this, the regime in chiron and i want to make i'm talking about the regime. they have sponsored a whole host of terrorists organizations. at latest count well over 100 iraqi shiite terror militias.

the ones who tour our troops apart. they are now kind of sort of our eye lies in iraq. the taliban. the regime is running guns and training for the taliban. they have been first quite some time. the alliance between this regime and al qaeda over two decades long. it has gone long. it has gone on since the beginning of the 1990s when the iranian regime and al qaeda formed an alliance. the attacks have been a result the attacks against us american citizens since that point in time have been unceasing. beginning with the 1983 bombing in peru. also the embassy bombing the same year. the kidnapping and murder of

richard higgins and others. 1992 the bombing in argentina. including some of the same figures currently holding senior regime administrative positions to the state. 1990 for the attack on the jewish cultural center. 1998 the east africa embassy bombing carried out by those trained by iran by hezbollah. al qaeda learned how to do big building suicide truck bombings from hezbollah. that's who taught them how to do that. the u.s. call in 2000 the attacks on 911 themselves.

southern district of new york, a ran co- responsible with legally responsibility. iran was co-responsible for co- responsible for the acts of 911. it didn't get much flip listed he did it? that was all prelude to what were doing with and while we are so concerned with a ran going nuclear. iran. if sweden tried this we would say oh no another failure of the npt, it's sweden. i don't lose sleep because britain has nukes or france has nukes. a regime like i just described to you, if they have a livable nuclear weapons, that's worrisome.

alright, so what do you need to get a nuclear a nuclear weapon? you need three things, three components. enriched geranium and you need to know how to make a warhead out of that enriched geranium and you need a a delivery system to send it to your target. as we know, from iaea reporting and the international science and, i always get this wrong because the acronym is isis unfortunately. in any case david albright's fantastic group does reporting on this. according to their reporting as long as eight years ago they had blueprints for a nuclear warhead and was working on the trigger testing to set off an imposing sequence to detonate a bomb. general flynn mentioned that the pentagon had estimated that the iranians would have the range to reach continental u.s. from iran

this year. missiles are not even on the table for discussion in the current negotiations. okay, so those are the things you need to make a deliverable nuclear weapon capability. what are we doing? p5 plus one. britain france russia china and oz plus germany is the plus one part. we are in these negotiations that began in secret in 2013. there is the raleys had a find out about them from the saudi's. the saudi's let them know that they were dealing with the u.s. in secret. the united nations security council has passed six resolutions demanding that a ran

halt all nuclear. they can't have such a high percentage or whatever. they can keep their stockpiles of low enriched geranium. that used to be something there was was to give up and shipped out of the country. while they don't have to anymore. the dilution process has also gotten completely stalled and nobody really says anything about it so it's still in the form that's more quickly turned into a bomb. 20% is the cutoff where you begin to cut talk about high enriched geranium. they have stockpiles of low

enriched uranium and that's not even up to discussion. they get to keep them all. they're supposed to unplug some of the centrifuges and put them into storage but were not sure about that. advanced centrifuge r&d. we can keep talking about what the output might be that assumes you're talking about the first generation, most primitive centrifuges that they have developed. newsflash, they have developed centrifuges up to the eighth generation beyond what were talking about that are superfast by comparison. ten or 20 times as fast in enriching geranium, the kind that were talking about. they get to keep on doing that r&d in those centrifuges. they're not going to be stopped

from doing the r&d. investigation or inspection of military facilities, iranians tell us that's off the table. you're not a allowed to go look at those. where would you go hide your military nuclear program? where did the soviets hide there's question mark who taught the iranians how to do programs and hide them? the kgb did. even some that we know about, off-limits. past bomb work we thought that was a redline to that the iranians were going to have to come clean about their whole past work just as michael said the south africans did and were certified given up their program. while now secretary of state carey says while we don't

really have to have them explain all that because we already have absolute knowledge of everything they every did. that's his quote his words. we know for a fact that ever since the iranians nuclear weapons program began in the late 1980s, there has been a clandestine dying program. there has never been a year since 1988 when the iranians did not have a clandestine nuclear program. the one they are negotiating in geneva is the overt part of the program. we don't know what we don't know about the covert part. but we are pretty confident there is one. i'll just wrap up here quickly so we can get your questions. i don't want to take up all the rest of the time but let's quote a couple people. former director of the cia said such perfect knowledge about a rounds pass program does not

exist. they said we don't know what they did in the past. the only reason we know about the iranian nuclear program is because the opposition intelligence services, satellite imagery services, satellite imagery and other intelligence work found it out. they never volunteered any of that. they didn't even know they had a program until they blew the lid off it with press conferences and showed pictures of imagery. the iranians have never volunteered anything and the only reason we know about the program at all is from sources that were not iranian. finally, i'll conclude with this the longtime, i call it a joint venture agreement with north korea is not even up for

discussion. north koreans have helped iranians since the beginning of their program with nuclear specifications, with centrifuges assent distance with missile assistance their scientists north korean scientists are in iran all time. they are attending at the launch pads. the north koreans he appeared before congress in 2015 and open testimony and said the north koreans, this is open testimony, the north koreans have the ability to miniaturize warheads and put them on the top of missiles.

the north koreans can do this in the iranians can't? that's not even up for discussion. maybe we can get into electro magnetic pulse capability. north korea has it iran doesn't? let me stop there and open it up for your questions. >> in the interest of time why don't we just take questions from the audience. i'll call on you and you can direct you want. speak to them i can tell us you are. >> hi i'm an independent consultant. one area we haven't discussed consultant. one area we haven't discussed yet and i have two specific questions. assuming that the president does make a deal with iran, what role should the congress play and what will they do?

>> congress has the responsibility when they passed the bill to take about on any ultimate agreement between us and the iranians. i am not 100% confident that we a hundred% confident that we are going to get to that point. i do think it is a tremendous benefit to the regime to spreading things out. they get the sanctions relief as michael said they get all the dessert upfront and they don't have to either spinach. the congress has responsibility and has taken it upon themselves to vote. unfortunately the way they passed a law is that the bill goes before the president and if the congress time turns down the agreement and the president predictably vetoes it, they must then have a two thirds majority

vote to overturn the veto. it will be a very high hurdle they set for themselves but they have the responsibility. this is a bad deal no matter how you look at it. from what you were hearing, it is a bad deal and a bad a bad deal is much worse than no deal. we need to let our congressional representatives know to vote down this deal. [applause]. >> right over here, is the mike still there? to i'm from. >> i'm from the institute of world politics. i was wondering how these sort of concessions on nuclear proliferation's will affect saudi arabia's potential acquisition of nuclear weapons. >> very good basically we have a bad habit of assuming it's just us and a specific adversary or state of concern at any point time.

the second order effects on this are incredible. it's not the issue of concessions it's the fact that this is an incredibly bad deal and if we would listen to any of our allies in the region, israel or any of the arab countries, for whom this is brought up a great deal of unanimity, i'm told look we don't oppose the idea of diplomacy but have enough self confidence to share with us the draft. were draft. were so used to working with the iranians who can point out the loopholes. they don't need to cheat because they can drive a tank through these loopholes. i would point out that in 1994, as framework negotiations were concluded, south korean concluded, south korean president at the time gave an interview to the new york times in which he said this is an incredibly bad deal. you should listen to us because

we have decades of working with the north koreans and the white house, when they read this went ballistic. they got the bb treatment. that only convinces everyone in the region that we need that they need to go it alone. i'm not one to defend saudi arabia, not at all. when we have given them the three am phone call, because of the nature of the alliance they've answered the call. i would expect to be put on permanent call waiting from here on inches the in. the last point i would make is when the president of the united states loses credibility, it's automatically restored to the oval office every four to eight

years when a new president comes in. there is no matter magic wand to restore the credibility that united states is losing. north korea's calculation and throughout the world, we are hemorrhaging our credibility and that's only gonna lead to bloodshed. >> i'm a a member of the acu board and a former member of congress. we have been hearing for what seems like forever that iran is three months, a year away from having a nuclear weapon. we fiddle around with whether we get a deal or don't get a deal. i wonder frankly it matters or if we wake up one morning before or after we got a a deal and we find out iran does in fact have a nuclear weapon. when we get to that point and iran has a nuclear weapon it

feels to me that the obama administration which has a little time left, has already made the decision that will you with it after they have one. what do we do then? what do we do then and what's the balance of how it will look like in the middle east but in the world and what are americans options to defend america in our allies interest? >> if i can jump in on this quickly before turning the floor over. if i could rephrase the question a bit, too often we focus on what will we do when they get a nuclear weapon. we have to wake up to the reality that five years after they have a nuclear weapon, what we can do after they have 100 of them? we treat containment and deterrence as rhetorical strategies rather than military strategies. they are loosely defined containment is all the states in

the region to wage war independently until the caverly can comment. it's a multibillion-dollar strategy and were trying to do it. deterrence, loosely put is the willingness to kill millions of people and that's not a road i want to go down if there are policies which we can apply now to never have to get to that point. >> agreed. i would just add that the united states intelligence community does not have a great record on predicting or knowing ahead of time when a country is going nuclear. i can mention the soviet union and its time china, pakistan et cetera. so given all of the input that iran has had in the regime has had for all of these years from north korea, pakistan, russia china in the technical assistance and all kinds of expert assistance and so forth it's inconceivable to me that

they do not already have at least warheads. again go back to the joint venture with north korea and the exchange in the presence of their officials in each other's country at test sites and so forth. north korea is as far advanced as we do know that it is another failure of deterrence or containment and that iran does not have or is using north korea to test nuclear components or warheads for it. when iran finally decides to demonstrate its nuclear capability, whether it's out in the desert like the pakistanis and the indians did underground just a demonstration of we have this, or a mushroom cloud over tel aviv or something over

kansas, it's a game changer and it's too kansas, it's a game changer and it's too late by that point. michael is absolutely right, we have to be ready now. we have to be ready to take steps that ensure this regime in iran never has the most dangerous weapons. the only way to do that is to change the regime. currently we do not at the senior national leadership, no we do not. >> can i just throw my 2 cents in? if you come to the conclusion that we are where we are when i can stop this deal and iran is getting nukes and other countries are getting nukes, you have to think about it in a different way. i think about economic warfare. we have the ability to conduct economic warfare with these countries especially with energy independence. if you have have, throughout the middle east, all those countries have populations were 75 or 80% is under 30 years old

30 years old and doesn't have jobs. that's a revolution. if you could get those countries to the point where there economies are so stretched that they have to worry more about their own people, keeping their own, though be less worried about the others. if you others. if you look at adversaries in the region, if they are going to get ballistic missiles that could reach the united states we need to have an adequate and central role best defense system. we need intelligence. if this is a world where they're going to be nuclear weapons in the middle east, we need to have a robust intelligence. we need to know who's doing what and who's coming here and we've been so by political corrections in this and we've been scared to do that. regime change does not mean war. the best means when you move

things around when the people in that country decide they've had enough and they change the regime. any other regime change doesn't work. i think there are options that we have but we would have to count on the national leadership to do that and hopefully it happens before summary set something off. >> placing things in a broader historic context, jfk and the joint chiefs of staff staff recommended an attack and he walked out of the room and said and we call ourselves the human race. shouldn't be working toward global nuclear disarmament against everyone. >> were going the other direction. i vote that iran goes first. >> if iran gets weapons but

were going in a different direction. >> first of all i'd like to strongly commend the most beautiful description of what this nation is facing and how little the american public appreciate what she does said and how little the american public really understands the nature of the threat. throughout all of this is one thing just touched upon that should be explored even more and that's the islamic ideology that is motivating what iran is doing. not only the history of iran as a persian nation and some concept to reestablish it, the battle with ices, the attempt to take over a rock and to expand

this ideology regarding the return. i think we make a huge mistake if we really think that once they do get one and it looks like they will, they will not use it. if we think containment will work at that point, forget it. they have said they would welcome death and destruction. yet we don't pay enough attention to the motivating factors of islamic ideology. above all of this we are in tremendous danger because of this. >> i think we all agree. you said it best. thank you. >> very well said. >> are there any women in this group who want to ask questions?

>> i'm john from the retired air force. why do we keep hiding behind the nuclear delivery system as being one of the components of our ability to protect ourselves right now. given the fact that we have tons of illegal drugs coming across the border every day and i can drive them all the way to des moines with no trouble or inspection, why wouldn't i put it in a container. fifty years ago we had gis driving around our country of west germany with a nuke called the davy crockett and they treated it like a hand grenade. the delivery system is not necessarily going to be a missile but containers, cars trucks etc. >> if i may just ask and answer,

i answer, i agree with you. one of the problems we have in counterterrorism at-large's were always trying to defend against the last attack rather than recognizing that new attacks come in different ways that exploit different vulnerabilities. >> i wanted to ask you about cyber warfare. i think that is a primary element of the future. it seems so disparately distributed through our national defense establishment at this point in time. there are pieces all over. what strategies would you recommend with regard to aligning and organizing ourselves more effectively in that regard? you are absolutely right that the cyber threats and cyber warfare is one of the most serious threats facing this country. as you may know, just last year in november 2014, an american

company published a report called operation cleaver. they had been investigation investigating the iranian capability through cyber warfare to access and manipulate and attack critical infrastructure in 16 countries including our own canada, australia western european countries, israel, et cetera. they prematurely publish the report because they were so alarmed by what they found that they thought they couldn't sit on the results any longer and they put out most of the report devoted to the code to show people so they could take defensive measures but the iranians have the capability already to be inside of our critical infrastructure and to manipulate and attack that. it's an extremely serious

threat. i talk about the threat that could take down our electric grid, lack of cyber cystic security is another big part of that. that could also take down our electric grid and send us back overnight to little house on the prairie days minus the farm, the cow the chicken and any idea farm, the cow the chicken and any idea with what to do with what we have. when we think of cyber anything, the iranians were there too. >> if you want to look more in the english iranian news with regard to what they are planning to cyber and how they are exercising the capability, the unit that they guard for which is in charge of this capability is called the passive defense organization. if you google cyber warfare

unit, you won't get it. if you google passive defense organization you will get it and you need to note the obvious there's already a unit within the islamic organization that is dedicated to this. >> the gentleman whose hand is up. >> i'm johnny long. we need to get our relationship back for this country is in for a fall. i believe that with all my heart. i think i've been communicating with you in e-mail. >> the question was about israel and are we abandoning israel and what should we do? >> i would just point out, i agree with you.

when we go back to the korean war, one of the reasons why north korea decided and believed they could get away with invading south korea is within the truman administration there was an outline of what our defense perimeter would be. we excluded south korea from that and that only brought aggression. in the big picture i worry about israel but i also worry around the lope with regards to this. one of the other issues and going to throw out just very briefly, briefly, since i have the floor, when it comes to the snow deal versus bad deal dichotomy with which so often we hear in the news, one of the problems is it seems increasingly that the obama administration is really playing russian roulette with congress. you have to accept this or else it's going to be even worse. the key to successful diplomacy and successful plum policy is

leverage. hillary clinton when she became secretary of state said if you don't talk to you to your enemies, who will you talk to. she pointed out that ronald reagan's sat down with gorbachev but what she admitted to say was that came after five years of leverage so you could get a victory at the diplomatic table. unfortunately we've taken our eyes off the prize with regard to that and ultimately the chickens are coming home to roost. >> the lady with the bangs. >> then i think we have two more questions after that and we need to sum up. >> i'm with the heritage foundation as an intern. i have a question. looking forward at the relation ship, what new threats are we looking at should these nuclear

capabilities be passed along to these types of organizations and how is the u.s. foreign-policy going to have to adapt to those changes? >> the question is would ran past the lawn if it got these weapons to terrorist organizations. iran's preferred method is to operate via proxies, in particular has below which has an extensive network of operation all over the americas, the porter of north central and south. in terms of a nuclear capability, i do not think the iranians would pass that capability to hezbollah. they've passed an awful lot of everything else, missile capabilities and chemical biological capabilities to

hezbollah. i think this is a nationstate capability and rather iran would use it if they didn't launch upon acquisition essentially, if they did not do that, they would use their nuclear capability for blackmail and insurance purposes. in other words to blackmail the region around them into kowtowing to their agenda so they could more aggressively deploy their proxies or their partners, terrorist partners like al qaeda, into activities around the world with the umbrella of the insurance policy of a nuclear capability. a nuclear capability. i see it kind of that way that they would be more aggressive to deploying, feeling free to deploy and send out there terror proxies because they would feel protected by this nuclear umbrella.

>> we have time for two more questions. the gentleman in the blue shirt. >> robert whelen, is there anything congress can do to either stay or contain the lifting of sanctions,. >> congress ultimately if they're willing to put their next out on the line control the purse strings and that gives them a great deal of leverage. when it comes to the existing sanctions, sanctions, there's two problems. i'm saying this as an analyst, not as an advocate. number one, some of the most biting sanctions going back to the clinton administration in 1995 and 1996 were executive orders. that's number one. executive orders can be changed and can be waived.

number two, it's been traditional in congress to provide waivers to the white house so that the president would be able to waive certain elements of sanctions. i'm not sure they ever expected that they would have a commander-in-chief who would become so disassociated from the national security protection of the united states that he would waive those willy-nilly. ultimately that is willy-nilly. ultimately that is what we are seeing. ultimately the question is what lessons learned will congress have so when new sanctions are put in place at such waivers aren't there. the last quick point i would mate is just the irony that the sanctions which president obama and the statehouse now praise and now seek to take credit for they opposed and the congress had passed 100 to zero over their opposition. >> we have time for one more question. the gentleman the back. >> hi my name is constantin and

i study political science. i think one of the key questions that i'm interested in is what is the iranian state right now? are they had a crossroads? are crossroads? are they republic trying to go onto the world stage and into legitimate talks? connected to that i think both of you said you're open to diplomacy with iran and this deal. what specific criteria would have to be in a a deal for it to be a good deal? >> number one, and this also picked up on what he said, there is a naïve belief in the iranian system. if you wanna analyze the power structure with greater decision, you're not going to have a regime change led by the iranian people until the islamic guard

fractures. one of our big intelligence holds as we do not have good insight into the factional station within the islamic group. 75% of iranians may not care for the rule that was ushered in but again it's the guys with the guns that matter and so that's where our our focus needs to be. any regime change be. any regime change isn't going to be us-led. the way i would put it is instead of the intelligence community spending $20 billion trying to figure out ahead of time who that chinese guy was in the square standing in front of the line of tanks, what's more important is to enable a template so someone feels they can stand up and step in front of the line of tanks. when it comes to what would be in the deal when you teach military strategy, and this is the waves taught in the u.s. military academies they talk

about a diamond paradigm where every strategy should have a diplomatic, and informational military and economic strategy to it. the whole is actually greater than the sum of the parts. after the last five years ago we have started sequencing are strategies where we tried diplomacy first, if that doesn't work then economic stations, stations, if that doesn't work then military strategies which by the way, don't simply mean bombing as a last resort. it's important to go back and see what has worked with regard to leverage and for this we can look at 2003 with qaddafi coming in from the pole or we can look at the ronald reagan era. this is a whole history center if you want to have it and it's a cheap advertisement that we talk a great deal about with american diplomacy going back 60

years of terrorist groups. >> would like to recommend to you a series of nine points drawn up by my colleague at the center for security policy. he drafted a set of nine points that should be our redline absolutely, must be included for any deal to be considered a good deal. no enrichment. all sites open to inspection. i'm not going to remember all on nine of them but let's see how many i can remember. the enrichment must be a halted completely and the stockpiles must be destroyed or verifiably destroyed or taken out of the country's. missiles have to be on the table. american hostages have to be released. iran must give up their support for terrorism. i forgotten at least one but

center for security nine points. >> i like to take the opportunity to make my concluding remarks. i remarks. i think from what everybody said, there are couple of things. when these negotiations started out a a year and a half ago, it sounded pretty good. we would lift sanctions and return they would dismantle or rollback its nuclear program. as a result of that rolling back there nuclear program, nuclear arms race would be averted. this deal doesn't do that. we have not gotten to the point where the president has said no deal is better than a bad a bad deal and he is now to the point where any deal would be fine. the way they presented is this is a a strong argument, it's either this deal or war. one who wants war?

so everyone is then forced into the position of saying okay, not a perfect deal and maybe this okay, not a perfect deal and maybe this isn't okay but it's a deal. what everybody seems to be saying, if i can summarize is that there is another option. it's not no deal or war. there is a third option and that war. there is a third option and that is regime change, after economic pressure and all the other things we have used previously in our history with great effects particularly in the reagan administration. the other point to make is what's being perceived in the region is that the united states is choosing side. there is a growing conflict between the shiite and the sunnis. they said it would burn itself out ultimately but it will be very bloody in between. looks like the between. looks like the united states is playing sides in the cyber choosing is a ron.

the deal with iran, iran is not dismantling its nuclear weapons. as not being asked to stop support for terrorism. it is being rewarded with a signing bonus of a hundred or hundred and $20 billion on day one as assets are unfrozen. it means the islamic economy will boom. it will be like the california gold rush as companies and companies rush to do business in iran. they are getting nuclear weapons, they will have an economic boom in the region and the other countries in the region aren't buying this. they will embark on their own nuclear program. it is program. it is a region where money will be no object. they can buy the programs. when that starts happening which we fill will be in the next several years, you will see nuclear weapons introduced into

the most dangerous and unstable part of the world. a part of the world where people shouldn't even be allowed to play with matches and i'll now have nuclear weapons. it we've also seen in the last 18 months governments long time governments can fall overnight. overnight. what takes their place is not freedom and democracy and human rights. what takes their place is g heidi chaos. we could potentially be looking at the nightmare scenario that people like me have studied and written about and dealt with nuclear weapons my hope career. it's a nightmare of nuclear weapons in the hands of crazy people who want to use them. throughout the cold war, the soviet union did not want to die in nuclear compensation. we are now up against an adversary who has pointed out is happy happy, willing and eager to destroy themselves as long as they can take others with them. our conclusion in all of this and i think this, and i think i can speak for everyone, is we find this agreement to be

unverifiable unenforceable, and probably, to your point, unconstitutional. the argument that no deal is better than a bad deal, a bad deal, we have now gotten to a point where this is a very bad deal. we all would encourage members of congress, members of the international community in the united states intelligence to stand up and stop this. this is a deal were not only iran gets nuclear weapons but other countries in the region gets nuclear weapons. once that starts happening is not a matter of nuclear weapons being in the hands of people who overthrow their government. i've been impressed by the quality of this audience. we've all listen to a lot audience. we've all listen to a lot of congressional hearings and the questions to the congressmen and the aides to the congressman, the questions that you've asked

are really profound. you've gone to all aspects of this issue and i think they speak to the great common sense and intelligence of the american people or at least people who come to the american conservative union conference. we hope to have conference. we hope to have many things like this in the future. thanks so much for joining us. , on the next "washington journal" on the economy and the potential interest rate height by the federal reserve. we'll talk about the center of integrity about political advertising on tv more than a year before election day. also a conversation on country of origin labels for beef and poultry sold in the u.s. "washington journal", live every minute warning on c-span at 7:00 a.m. eastern. >> this weekend the c-span's

partner with comcast to learn about the history and literary life of keep key west florida. ernest hammond hemingway wrote several books in his home. he bought it in 1931 and she converted this hayloft into his first formal writing studio. here he fell in love with fishing, the clarity of his writing, fishing, the clarity of his writing, how fast he was producing the work. in fact he knocked out the first rough draft in just two weeks after arriving in key west. he once had a west. he once had a line that said if you really want to write, start with one true sentence. for a true writer, a true writer, each book should be a new beginning where he tries again for something that is beyond. he should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and failed. >> key west is also where president harry truman sought

refuge from washington. >> it was regarded as the great white jail. he thought he was constantly under everyone's eyes so by coming to key west he could come with his closest app, let down his hair sometimes some of the staff would let their beards grow for a couple days. they certainly, at times used off-color stories and they certainly could have a glass of bourbon and visit back and forth without any scrutiny from the press. a sportswear company sent a case of hawaiian shirts to the president with the thought that if the president is wearing our shirt were going to sell a lot of shirts. so the president truman wore those free shirts at first year and then organized what was called the loud shirt contest. that was the official uniform of key west. >> watch all of our events from

key west, saturday at 5:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2 book tv. sunday afternoon at two on american history tv on cebit span three c-span three. brazilian president will visit the u.s. at the end of the month. his meeting is scheduled at the white house. one of the house. one of the issues on the table whether the u.s. will help brazil launch commercial satellites. the atlanta council and the business council cohosted a discussion today on relation between the two countries including trade, broadband access and climate change. this is one hour 30 minutes. >> good morning to the atlantic council. i am peter the director of the

latin american center here at the latin american center. i want to thank you for joining us today for this important discussion with the upcoming visit of the president to washington on the 30th. this visit is potentially a big inflection point for our relations. the two countries actually need each other's friendship partnership, mutual political help and economic relations. we are honored that assistant secretary roberta jacobson and want to take moment to congratulate you on the president's very decisive decision to nominate you as the ambassador. were also lucky to have a friend of our atlantic council and all of our efforts and steve long from intel corporation has come

up from roselle. when we in washington talk about innovation, steve long briefs innovation innovation, steve long breathes innovation everything all day. i want to extend a warm welcome to my dear friend on the atlantic council fellow on brazil. he is the author of this great report which we are launching today. he is someone who is brazil david letterman is the most optimistic and handsome economists. we are very pleased to be quite operating with the brazil u.s. business council on this event who works to create a constructive dialogue between important and critical stakeholders in the bilateral relationship. thank you for that. she will

give closing remarks at the that. she will give closing remarks at the end of the meeting. because we don't always have this pressure, i particularly want to recognize and i'm particularly delighted to have our founder here. adrian artist is someone who's vision has infected the center and without whom we would have never done what we have done so far. a great word of thanks. our work on brazil at the center has been a priority since we began in 2013. because this is a promising and fantastically important, but yet especially complicated relationship. the dna of brazil in the united states are surprisingly similar. these two profoundly western and atlantic countries both have roots in the pride. were both melting pots of culture, our governments are both built around accounts

constitution and a federal system that distributes power to disperse states and we both have very strong congresses. some will probably say to strong :

>> >> to achieve the success of the term and his key to her ability to move brazil to a more agile position. yes both countries are at a turning point and perhaps we will get beyond modest working groups with lowball

expectations here in latin america we are optimistic about this new debate -- the beginning for three reasons. lead is about trade policy with the u.s. and brazil the minority in both countries there are private sector representatives and civil society groups and political leaders with the certitude of protection but the new technologies that compete and innovate and disrupt they want the opportunity for greater engagement. we also see cooperation with research and development transitioning to services as driver of economic growth did states and brazil are more engaged in issues of international importance of global warming and human rights. that is why we in partnership are launching

this report that includes recommendations of only how to prove that a bilateral relation but how to structure and revitalize the relationships for years to come in the future part of that surrounds one person who is your to speak to us today. secretary early -- years of service have been extraordinary. you are helping to excite us that are far too accustomed to being on the back burner. most recently we watched with admiration how and our losses in mexico city's gain.

with insight into the visit so thank you for coming to speak and is my pleasure to introduce secretary jacobson who will deliver the keynote address. [applause] i am tempted to say what he said. [laughter] thanks to the atlantic council for having me here today and for the year but in particular to echo these remarks. i think the center made its presence felt in washington and around the hemisphere remarkably quickly with a

very high quality events my own presence accepted but what really added to the debate in the presence to put this region on the front burner in a way that is extraordinarily helpful for all of us so thank you for your support to woodgrains this dialogue and policy recommendations. i also want to say a word about the report being launched we have far too little time to read reports that they are essentials because we have so little time to think out beyond 3:00 this afternoon or tomorrow we rely upon the people who can step back from the day-to-day relationships to help stimulate our possibilities in the bigger picture isn't -- vision. there is a world of

wonderful ideas and i hope you will take it and read it as well. for the united states and brazil this is critical but i think of the entire year as the year of the u.s. and brazil. this is the beginning of a new chapter in our relationship. we are a country with so many similarities that in many ways it is much more artificial for us to be intentioned man working together. we do share the democratic values and the commitment to diversity and in the current world whether it is religious or cultural difficulties our boundaries

boundaries, these are things we have not necessarily experience recently or committed to overcoming together but our relationship has been tested over the last 88 months and no doubt because of that we looked you june 30th as a way to relaunch the relationship. but the recent drumbeat allows us to ram things up to prepare for this presidential engaged met without the usual sense of maybe we will not meet expectations we have agreements harmonizing standards with trade facilitation and in april the president met at the seven of the americas to address some of the hemisphere's more pressing problems that i should have

started that with the president -- vice president's attendance i was present at both meetings in january and april reconvened u.s. brazil joint commission meeting on science and technology beginning cooperation on science and technology and innovation this week this deal for brought together private sector leaders for relating recommendations how we strengthen the commercial relationships a you can see there is a steady real engagement which was very clearly set down on january january 1st when she took office again. you alvarado statistics on two-way trade is significant to look what it is made up of within 1500 products and services estimated

$109 billion the figures that we look at with a two-way investment are large that we know there is a lot of head room so we looked at as big ideas as we can to boost this relationship we will sign an agreement in incredibly boring name. we have 22 or 23 agreements and nobody really thinks the title means much but it is important to live in a duel social security coverage or contributions when workers go from one country to another and this is important because more folks are working with other countries because if you have workers from the united states you need to make sure people are made whole when they retire or are not

contributing twice with investment growing we estimate this will save more than $900 million over the first six years. where also working together on the small business network can do both countries despite all the talk about the big companies , small business is a job generator so we are connecting thousands of small business development centers in the two countries one example of a company that provides promotional display boosts for companies at 90 now has 16 employees and serves hundreds of clients. we'll then recognize the panic -- potential to promote community change to

organize the event for the first south american hub so now he facilitates entreprenuership trading to advocate for public policy so he did not stop justic creating his own company but to be an advocate for the public policy. we move onto climate change and sustainable energy that is important with the upcoming visit we have joint field experiments in the amazon with cutting edge technology and working to loom sustain sustainable energy with biofuels we know conservation must me part of the solution so we are promoting industrial energy efficiency so we know is extremely promising with the

economies decide they can cooperate together with clean energy cooperation but as somebody wise recently said we also know when climate agreements have been reached it is always with the u.s. and brazilian government's work together and may not be causality but isn't just coincidence the final thing one to mention is education where the 100,000 strong and the mobility program tens of thousands of seize the opportunity to study in the west to bring their knowledge back to the u.s. and vice versa of one individual was elected to a study through the scientific program and in turn that daughters and was chosen among 128,000 applicants to

travel into space with space expeditions and will be the first brazilian civilian to go into space italy this second ever we are now exploring how we can build on those types of successes to extend cooperation into technical and vocational education it is critical for both countries remove into areas like science and technology and health by education and technical training so we know the estimated 374 million internet users combined rate among the top users of social media and you to plan to we intend to continue forming the next generation of innovators like a young innovator from brazil who participated in the launch

program founded by nasa usaid and the department of state that supports networking for government leaders and is now working to commercialize that innovation using chemical enlarges to clean up oil spills all of those examples are just a few among hundreds that we need to expand to thousands and millions this is about taking those examples to make laverty so the relationship produces those kind of exchanges and human beings every day of the year. this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship and we are very optimistic of the

future of the bilateral relationship. thank you very much. [applause] >>. >> 84 that excellent overview rand for your for word think canework leading efforts with brazil but across the entire hemisphere your remarks showed again why the united states is lucky to have u.s. assistant secretary of state and miami will be sorely missed when you go '02 mexico city i am from the latin american center and we have three other leaders to give a

preview of many anti-strategic issues we are incredibly bullish and the many possibilities this moment brings to a france the bilateral agenda. i have a full bios i'm sure you don't want me to do that but we have the deputy chief at the embassy of brazil's new brings over 20 years of experience working from algiers to plan azeris on that bilateral relations

steve is a vice president and general manager of latin america and has worked across the region and is incredibly foreign the thinking -- for rethinking business leader with a very handsome with the introduction. he is joining us today in his free time when not working with the atlantic council he has to other jobs the managing partner at a consulting firm in brazil as well as a general coordinator and i would say if he could give out a black belt to understand the complexities of the u.s. brazil a relationship and policy overall we would give that to ricardo.

we will begin the conversation by booking at the state of u.s. brazil of relations and what the future may hold for cooperation on a number of issues. from working level cooperation the high will conduct this panel na free range conversation as much as possible in dealing with questions from the audience and it is also broadcast if you want to bring out your phones phot to tweet you can #brazil if you think you're

in the right spot is the couple cabana powless. [laughter] so start of the conversation and there is much talk about the visit to be about relations after the brazilian president in the wake of the snowden affair that there was no coincidence with that but the visits and exchanges that have continued as you move forward mentioning education and science and innovation where would you say that was strongest or has the most opportunity to build on that strength that we already have?

>> people will be surprised by how many areas we can move forward with. may be some of that is because things slowdown although i would make the point they did not ever stop there was a lot of work not just at the highest level the two countries do too much every day to stop but there will be a focus on education and science and technology as areas that both presidents are committed to but there will be movement on defense opera -- operations and a lot of discussion:climate change in how we can work together in that area.

you will see a conversations about regional issues things going on in the hemisphere weather continued cooperation and africa or peacekeeping cooperation where obviously brazil has been so important with its role with haiti. there are a lot of different areas you see cooperation as well as the b prospect for a do cooperation in trade. >> soties areas that we could move forward but from your perspective where do see the relationship is strongest? >> they give for your nice introduction and invitation especially peter and natalie

it is nice to meet the person who brought this and i was reading from here then a title that you mentioned the new era of the less brazil relations i don't think we need a new era but i like the new chapter it isn't an introduction but an additional chapter in a long and exciting book about friendshfriendsh ips starting in the early 19th century with both world

wars. and with the ties of trade investment over the last 30 years. it is very solid. so to be divided into three baskets of economic trade investments with science and technology and innovation the third is about international and coble issues. -- global issues to give you a list right now that we

will have a very good outcome. >> to play into context of a new chapter to focus what has happened over the last two years with the history that is incredibly strong but the paper we are releasing today the u.s. brazil relations a new beginning with a question mark. because of the investment trade innovation with the brief 20 page report i ask you to do with into minutes with those top issues. >> i think she said the key

for the opportunity for that new chapter with the second part of the book with a new chapter but i tried to put this into perspective but the potential for collaboration the way we move with all those elements with the integration. is amazing. we have a structural opportunity for the first part of the government. the second is you have a service potential for cooperation not just

opposition the lack of deep understanding. is strange to say that to have they lack of knowledge but with apolitical issue we don't like that for the agenda. but why are you not moving along? of course, we do have the opportunity to start the next day after the meeting that top-level but sophie follow-up with the agreements next week to

implement and the key element is in terms of continuing to implement those opportunities. >> we will get into these questions what happened july 1st. mentioning innovation, of course, you agreed and we're excited to have you on the panel that how would you express this level of cooperation and innovation with the business and university ties we mentioned a couple of examples but also what is possible. >> first and foremost, thanks for allowing me to be

that private sector view and also i have the smallest tiles a you can tell i am from the private sector. [laughter] so i will be biased azide represent a corporation at history working over 30 years almost in brazil. we believe fakery technology transforms society in the lives. and that makes it even more possible but in brazil specifically, i'd use an analogy we have our toe in the water. because technology transforms lives of policies up until now what he tries to attract investment with activities that they would

have ripple effects across the country. with their more focus to:the private sector than have it solved a problem. but anything that comes out of the visit to use the over what will we do on july 1st? to set a player and and what are the metrics? with information and technology then every one of the sectors they have mentioned technology can transform to make things faster and more efficient but what are the signals to keep your eye out for from the private sector sampling?

it is designed the visit is happening with the stability of the relationship we have a strong message of stability. to be around tangible cooperation in areas with those metrics on what will happen. . .

>> i think there are a couple of things. i do think that presidential business they do two things frankly. they are both public this --

public demonstrations of a relationship and where it stands. in this particular relationship a public demonstration of the relationship being healthy is important. the relationship can be incredibly busy and dynamic underneath, but underneath but if there is not an ask our perception that is healthy at the top that is a problem. unfortunately it has not been that way despite the fact that i think it has been getting better for months now. this visit we will solidify that in the public mind. this is a healthy relationship moving forward. but i also think as bureaucrats no that presidential meetings are action forcing events. you get things you get things done and you move forward on things thereafter

to get at the question had the reflection that we are back. it is certainly a review for the public to what has been happening as we accelerated

a dialogue. the leaders, etc. and i hope a way of stimulating movement in both our political lives to this relationship where it may be stuck. you know, there was a mention mention by peter, i think, the legislative branches which are lively and robust and means that each of us has to take account of what we can do without congressman, and we each have very engaged congresses. which means that we have to be able to go to our legislative branches and explain why this is good for our country and how we're going to be able to solve this.

so presidential politics is incredibly important because they are part of the emotional pitch, if you we will, to our own legislatures as to why this is in the interest of our countries to move ahead on things that may be politically risky. will we talk about ideas or movements i do not think that we should underestimate the importance of the business or the individual agreement on the political statements made as being critical to each leader when they then go to their legislators, interest legislators, interest groups, stakeholders whatever you want to call them to say is time to move forward on something but i realize you may not be 100 percent comfortable because i have a commitment to do x. what we are looking for is an affirmation to move ahead quickly on very important

areas of cooperation and the other thing is an affirmation of the two of us working together on global issues. but with so many difficulties around the world's we need the capabilities that brazil brings to the table and to be working with them. >> the idea i think i still agree with the idea. in terms of to follow up this meeting very important the connection is important but this can't bring those two ideas the foundation that i mentioned should include the bureaucracies.

and the political side. i would say this coalition should involve the business communities the bureaucracy and some areas of the political establishment. i think this challenge for us right now i would say all the stakeholders, how we can connect these dots. the top-level meetings' trying to put together this kind of business community other bureaucracies that are very much engaged with a positive agenda to check if we have a knew chapter. >> one thing that has been lacking's having a coalition amongst multiple

and a lot of other countries that are incredibly important. >> it is important to stress that role. when they get together but if you look at any given moment let's look at the movie and it tells a different story's a complex narrative and chose a relationship that is growing and complexity and as it moves it becomes more important for the leaders of the countries to get together and have a good high-level dialogue's. not only picking up but now we have to make it much more difficult, sometimes it has to do with the legislative branch and civil society if

you want to move forward in advance. already very complex. >> now it is more climbing up the apple tree. it's there has been, the option was presented about coming to washington the option of an official visit for a state visit further down the road. why did she choose to visit washington now? 's and from the brazilian government what are you hoping are the results to come? 's. >> why she came now? as fast as possible. we would not allow. but these visits are special

visits, not just an official visit. lots of elements. the american government is attaching importance to this visit, and we appreciate that very much. you will see when she comes the gestures are included in this visit's. the details of the program itself's. i can tell you it's very much satisfied with the preparations for the visit. >> i was going to interject committing to the next checkpoint.

it presidential visit i used 's they are checkpoints we have to report on what you just did. the amount of time we cannot let that happen again which would be an amazing outcome but the right level of urgency on all parties and all folks involved. >> let's drill down a little bit more on the substance. come up to visit. of course what can and cannot be said. you mentioned a couple of issues talking about science, technology, health, education's defense cooperation, climate change and the collaboration of regional and global issues haiti among the regional issues.

further into depth a lot of talk about climate change being a marquee agreement's. what can you say about what that agreement could potentially look like? is that going to be the bedrock foundation that will come out of this agreement? and also if you could talk more about beyond us brazil, the areas of cooperation and we are looking at brazil. >> a fair question but i am afraid i may disappoint you with the answer. i tend i tend to like to leave some of this to my presidential analysis'. presidents get a little tense not to say we're not talking about the areas of interest. and i would not say

although i think this administration places a very great importance on moving toward the climate conference in paris in the fall and trying to work with brazil's. it is hard to say that that is the centerpiece of this because there is so much diversity and what we will be talking about. i am low to say that there is a particular piece, the barometer of whether we succeed or fail. i i think that is just not the way we measure this visit. in in some respects it is more a question of you know, we have ten's or 15 things, all of them important and in no a way that is the breadth of it

that is the measure of how important. i i also think that the fact that there is a part of this visit we will talk about the economic and trade relationship's which has been a a difficult part of the relationship over the years, a very important part of this visit that there is an ability to talk about that you know, work together on trade facilitation agreements. picking one and saying it is the bedrock is not quite possible. i do think other regional and global issues there are a number a number of things that are clearly going to be under discussion. no doubt that every meeting we have had regionally or with individual countries that are particularly important such as brazil lately have touched on the issues in venezuela.

it has to be true given our countries critical roles. the leaders will discuss haiti. again, i think our ability to partner with brazil and other places as the president looks forward to the peacekeeping summit that he will hold in the fall at the un general assembly obviously is a critical role as leader of the mission in haiti another area that will be discussed. >> one of the things you mentioned eliminating trade barriers but specifically talking about a service sector moving beyond goods and one of the areas that we see as ripe for growth,

knowing brazil domestically. but is that -- i no we cannot preview too much, but do you see the phils -- the facilitation? >> you know, i think that we at the us have been in a position of being ready to talk about greater engagement on trade issues for a while. i think that it is something of interest but it is a question of taking that issue at the pace of our brazilian colleagues. i am not sure i can get into it much further than that. >> just to add something how they know the bureaucracy and looking ahead you know that they

have just sent to the sitting congress a defense agreement, a kind of framework agreement that appears not to be that crucial. if you're not someone who has studied the matter but this agreement the last time you had an agreement like this was 1977, an agreement from the 50s during the cold war and 77 a brazilian dictatorship of the time. since then we have not had any agreement and the defense area. now the deals have just been sent to the congress. because we think that's important and take a strong

signal from the brazilian side that we want to improve our relations in defense moving forward to create knew partnerships for the defense industries. the global issue of climate change is also a priority. and this is something that we can work together to move the global agenda forward and this is because brazil and the us have done a lot in this area. it is not that we just announced targets and did not do anything but it is easy to announce targets. the difficult part is to comply. the over complied. of course we have to respect the difference that we are

kind of looking at right into monday the 31st the trade barriers between the two countries. >> minister of development came to me. first visit to a foreign country. and it is really a priority for the united states as a central practice of central trade partner. the 1st destination.

it is important for us. i think there is an emphasis now trade facilitation. if we move fast in this area the trade, 10 percent or even one that if you engage in more comprehensive kind of negotiations that is for long-term. i think that we have to create momentum in the trade facilitation area is a new area another element we are working on and both areas

can have a positive impact. >> you are all about metrics. you have to be. you have to be. i want to ask you the private sector perspective business-to-business engagement is so critical. it is different from the us relationship. a lot of times it's very much about government to government level. in many ways the fruits of collaboration between the two countries happens with the private sector. brazilian companies provide tens of thousands of us jobs and vice versa. what do you see as the obstacles from a us company standpoint that are currently in place for us-based brazilians looking to expand to the brazilian market both as a a result of

us policy and as a result of brazilian policy and what sort of policy changes would need to happen to make companies like multinational corporations and small and medium-sized see greater opportunity for that market. >> good question. first and foremost 200 million people rising middle class, 100 plus million people already in the workforce which generates more activity rising education levels. the levels. the state itself for brazil and the brazilian population, the economy for businesses to do more. i want to start with that and say you have almost 30 years working in the country that said, there are opportunities to go faster. every multinational in a liquor brazil recognize also on the flipside the complexity can't be that

complexities world bank the world bank puts out a measure, is a doing business enable velocity. again, technology can enable some of that some of the localization requirements, there are opportunities for the government for the policymakers to look at measures and metrics of adoption as the way to look at it as opposed to saying

how the ict is produced. that would enable a more thriving ecosystem that would generate hundreds of millions of workers using technology that would self-sustaining. >> a huge amount of us investment, but we are reminded by the chinese premiers visit 53 billion. but there is still many more us and chinese companies investing in brazil, china overtook brazil. imagine if more of this business was going to us that chinese companies. what could be done to really from a business perspective allow us businesses to be able to kind of thrive in the brazilian market and a time when there is

increasing interest from other strong countries. >> that's for you. >> look, i don't think it is an or. one thing we share is hope for what will come. now is the time. the us and brazil need each other. 200 million consumers, great opportunity. there's a lot that they can gain if they provide easier access. i hope it is an and conversation more than just what is china doing. >> you were nodding your head yes. >> far too often is what you

are doing about the chinese incursion. as long as everyone plays by the rules. >> a critical. it's two different negotiations. if you take the discussion in the level of interaction we are a thousand years ahead dealing with china's from a different perspective attracting basic investment. you can see the difference. the challenge right now is trying to number two to -- trying to move the negotiation forward regulatory issues of the key

not anymore's. we're talking about the way that us develop technology how we approach issues, redefine the framework's. this kind of more complicated issues have nothing to do with the relation. we have an opportunity in the sense that we have an avenue for dealing with it in this sense. we just don't have that with china. we cannot avoid that relationship. it is not as strategic. >> to add a few i'd, i agree completely it is not either

china or the us. we see in brazil to international affairs a zero sum game. the addition and multiplication and subtraction's. the complement of foreign relations' to explore new opportunities for development. several companies are investing in research and development. we have knew investments in pnd, -- r&d. several companies that are here today, microsoft ge several others. investing in brazil and this area.

and when you are human resources training to meet the new demand of engineers europe. in this regard this is why cooperation is so important. several universities over 20,000 of them have come to the us and are bringing back this new package not only the knowledge but also learning the system, how it works, how to make things happen command they will be ambassadors of the united states and brazil something that people sometimes do not realize. and the idea she had this vision and is implementing it. is there something more? i don't think so. you're bringing back several brazilians they will become

advocates of the stronger brazil us relationship. >> and it is important. we have been talking about business-to-business from us companies investing. it is incredibly important to.out the number of brazilian companies investing in the united states as well. members are not too well known. >> a new study will be launched next week in preparation for the visit sponsored by brazilian trade investment promotion agency that impact brazil and the brazil industry coalition. the members are here. and it is amazing the findings that they have in this new report. what we find is -- i won't tell everything because it is still confidential but i can tell just one. >> a lot of preview.