our local cable or satellite provider. >> congress returns tomorrow from its fourth of july break. this week house plans to continue and finish up work on a bill to fund the interior department epa and other related agencies. also on the house agenda a bill making changes to no child left behind. among them allowing states to set their own accountability standards. live coverage of the house on c-span starting tuesday at 2 p.m. eastern. the senate's also back tomorrow, they'll take up a separate proposal dealing with no child left behind that would give states more authority to determine how much weight to give standardized test scores. ..

>> ucla released a report earlier this year about challenges facing undocumented undergraduates get into the u.s. it is a survey of 900 undocumented undergraduates in 32 states who migrated from 55 countries. the co-authors joined a panel for a discussion about undocumented college students in the u.s. this is an hour and 45 minutes. >> good morning. it is a pleasure to welcome you and for those of you who live in new york, you know this is a rare example of sunshine in the morning. and it's not even freezing. it's a great pleasure to welcome you to the steinhardt institute for higher education policy. i was thinking about our session this morning and how when i started the institute about 12 years ago. i kept looking up a word policy

in the dictionary and if you ever do that, you discover it is a difficult word. it's hard to get a good definition. that is appropriate because when we think of policy we have an image in our mind with the definition is in the dictionary. in fact one of the misunderstandings as policy rules, regulation and laws than we think of the federal government, state government. policy is what institutions do. that is a misunderstood part of policy. the institutions whether public or private, small or large have a fair amount of latitude about how they behave and what positions they take and what services they offer. one of the things we need to do in the policy will does focus more directly on how should institutions and also other kinds of social organizations think about policy and what

kinds of intervention services corp. and guidelines make sense at every level of our experience. so that is why it is an especially happy moment to welcome the authors of the study you have read about and we'll hear more about this morning which looked at the questions facing undocumented students and those questions from every vantage point including and especially the experience. it's the unique study in that regard and one that we will all find fascinating as we learn more. now when you look at our speakers were today, you may have noticed three of them are from ucla. i would like to remind those of you at nyu that these three people used to be at nyu and their presence here today is a symbol of the fact that once you are at nyu you can never really

leave. it's a magnet coming back. we would like to congratulate them on the numeral and on the study. i should also say to remind you that even though we are now the global network university and a sense we think of ucla sort of like nyu rats. as they congratulate you come away are also proud of your accomplishments. the way we are going to proceed this morning as i will introduce the speakers and they will follow each other without further introductions. our first speaker will be trained to -- marcelo suarez-orozco. we have very distinguished speakers. for those of you not in academia it is important to know when someone is a high-level professor to have this other name they start to use. our speakers have multiple

names. but the name that is not their own name as the name of the person who gave a large gift to endow their -- let me start again. marcelo suarez-orozco is distinguished professor of education at the graduate school of education and information studies at ucla. before joining ucla he served as professor of globalization and education at new york university. he is co-author of the award-winning book supporting results of this landmark study, learning and a new land immigrant students in american society. research focuses on conceptual problems in areas of cultural psychology and psychological anthropology with a focus on the study of mass migration, globalization and education. the following marcelo will be robert who is professor of social science and comparative education and the morgan --

shareholder in asian american studies and codirector of the institute for immigration globalization and education at ucla since 2013. we also think of him as robert. since 2004 he's concurrently served as senior faculty fellow at the steinhardt institute at nyu where many of you know he was associate professor of higher education. his research is focused on race, ethnicity and stratification of college opportunity. following robert will be arose for a perot cost. director of the institute for children and youth at the graduate school of education at ucla. prior to joining ucla she served as professor of globalization and education at new york university. she is co-author of the book learning the new land: immigrant students in america

and editor. her research focuses on mass migration, legalization and education within the cultural psychology and psychological anthropology. now it's a special welcome to steve choi who is bringing today at the voices of network community organizations focused on immigration in new york city. steve choi is the executive director of immigration coalition, an umbrella advocacy coalition nearly 200 member groups representing new york immigrant communities. from 2092 by 2013 is executive director of the main quad center for action which organizes advocates for and educates korean and asian american community members in new york. prior to that he was staff attorney and founding director

of the korean workers project. at the asian american legal defense and education fund the only project on the east coast focused on providing medical services to low-wage korean immigrants. janet perez is a college student and undocumented activists in the immigrant community. she was born in pablo, mexico but raised in the bronx, the bronx new york. jannette is currently attending college for city university in pursuing a double major in political science. she's a core member of the new york state leadership council from a youth leadership council and undocumented youth led organization for the other great community and also coordinator of the mentoring program. hero worship how a one of the complicated titles is a professor of globalization at

nyu and a university professor at nyu. he is a community and developmental psychologist who studies the effects of public policies and programs related to immigration, early childhood poverty reduction and children's development. the conducts research in the united states and low middle income countries. previously served as professor of education is the harvard graduate school and also as academic gains. hope you get speakers a warm welcome mma fellows will proceed to report on his study. [applause] >> thank you so much. thank you for the generous in your warm introduction. it's a marvelous being back at nyu.

the ucla of the east. so we loved and why you and miss it so much that we are going to keep taking pieces of nyu back to the best coast. thank you ann. that is the kind of introduction my father would've liked and my mother would have believed. i am really delighted to be back to nyu. many of the ideas and the architecture of days since so many other research initiatives undertaken in immigration here is steinhardt and more broadly.

and i am delighted to have the opportunity to come back for the institute to report on our work of the report. during the last 20th century in the beginning of the 21st century the undocumented immigrant population of the united states grew substantially from 3.5 million in 1992 a peak of 12.2 million in 2007 as the great recession began. it has been stable now for several years at about 11.2 million according to the most recent estimates by our

colleagues at the pew research center. one inevitable result of having a large undocumented population over a long period of time is a crowd member of mixed status families while some are citizens by birth authorized by law many are unauthorized and all that many many families live in a kind of increase in the intolerable limbo. after five decades of mass migration, the foreign-born population of our country includes millions of individuals who have been living in the united states for a long time and have well-settled household steady employment and deep

community ties. this applies to the undocumented migrant population which also has become more permanent and much more settled than in prior waves of mass migration. never more than a third of the total foreign population now closer to our border they unauthorized workers in our midst worshipers and our churches and also parents of american children. and a population of 11.2 million unauthorized migrants, more than 4 million are adults with u.s. citizen children and as of 2012 those parents have been living in the united states for 15

years on average according to the most recent data by the pew. as our country continues its long interminable pause for immigration reform young people brought here as children without papers perhaps 1.5 million or so are graduating from high schools in growing numbers and attempting to go one with their lives. hundreds of thousands of undocumented college students are struggling to find their way in higher education. we recently surveyed 909 undocumented undergraduates

across 34 states immigrated to america from 55 different countries. the attendant over a two-year public and private colleges that brain in the first and largest study of its kind exclusively focused on youth emerging adults and colleges. this study presents a number of findings the new congress scholars, activists, concerned citizens and mike and above all community members should be wise to wander. undocumented students encompass a range of immigration history, language backgrounds and

religions. they are black. they are white. they are proud, asian and pacific islander. they occupy positions across the full spectrum of socioeconomic status. for them like for many, many other young people in college today college is a real challenge. the students are studying and working hard and they long to be loved. the majority, 68% are first-generation college. not unique to this population but a challenge nevertheless that they have limited guys to navigate and then through

college, especially in the shadows of the law. they're a major choice by far. science technology, engineering and mathematics which constituted 28.5% of the reported majors. and clearly our fields of capable productive workforce the most needed in the globalized 21st century that has given birth to the global network university. yet these hard-working students defendant as of now permanent limbo feeling invisible overwhelmed and stressed.

the data takes a new and alarming picture of what undocumented college students live in their plutonian days. with 61.3% of undocumented students coming from families living on an annual household income of less than 30,000 a year, 72.4% are working while attending college, taxing their ability to succeed academically. more than half 66.7% of students report being extremely concerned about paying for their college education.

among the students who are reporting their studies temporarily 74% of bad indicated financial difficulties as the primary cost. 72% worked in the reported complications from juggling mumpower south work difficult commutes in their studies. as such many felt left out of campus life. if in the 21st century globalization is the macro context for a mass migration the family is today meso context. immigration is above all an

ethical act of and for the family. one family starts the migration cycle and another family now reconstituted sickos socially, complete the cycle over time and across generations. it starts with one family at the end of the process. it is a very, very different family. family separations among best in family separations are normative and 21st century american immigration. the more dysfunctional the more broken our immigration system becomes, the more extended separations and complicated

reunification are the emotional center of immigration in the 21st century. and our sample, 22% of participants do not live with parents in the united states. 93% have at least one undocumented parent. 13%, 6% of them have experienced the deportation of one or both parents and 56% of undocumented siblings. 3% of them had experienced the deportation of his sibling. for them family separations deportations and the trans-nationalism defines family

life. for many, the fundamental psychosocial consequence of our topic immigration system is life for ken to surviving and that guilt attached to remaining in our country when so many loved ones live in fear or have experienced deportation. i'm going to now invite robert timmy she to share the finance and policy perspectives and remind us policy is fundamental to the east coast of how institutions are constituted, how they work, how they don't work and how they need to be transformed. thank you.

[applause] >> good morning. great to be here and you know it's interesting when i was walking over here this morning i said i think this is the earliest i have been on campus. nyu is not a morning campus and neither is the village. so i want to begin by thanking ann for hosting this important event and i want to acknowledge site have the education policy and say why i'm still involved. i think that there is a need for deeper discourse and debate about our policy and it plays a very important role in that type

of public discourse about the importance of higher education policies when it comes to think like college affordability, and equity in higher education how we train the next generation of leaders and our workforce and society. for those reasons i really appreciate the opportunity to stay engaged. i also want to thank our esteemed panel for joining us to talk about this report. as marcelo mentioned, i will focus my comments on the policy issues that emerge from the studies and began by picking up on marcelo's overview of our samples. i think it points to a few important points about what the demography of undocumented students reveals in terms of

policy context. first no college or university should assume these issues are not relevant their campus community. second, the community needs to look beyond false assumptions that often drives the understanding of treatment of the student population. finally this isn't an issue. the issue was undocumented status and acts of higher education. not just an issue that needs attention or is relevant to federal policies. we often think about things like federal dream maxon comprehensive immigration reform as something that will solve the problems for the undocumented student population. while it's relevant policies

exist in multiple places as ann mentioned. we have to think about the roles of institutional policy, state policies and its relationship. what that context in mind we want to explore how policies that da ca may be relevant to undocumented students. it is important to acknowledge daca does nothing explicitly for college students. it is more a a benefit with limitation an opportunity to really push the boundary of what daca can do to extend higher education. all right. so we found a key benefit of daca that afforded undocumented college student work permit.

as a result daca recipients were more likely to have been working on this resulted in greater financial well-being. not only additional help and to offset the cost of college, daca recipients reported jobs are more commensurate. we were also interested in the pack of editorship writers often have residency restrictions. this has been better for documented college student who juiced for regular career paths. we found daca recipients were twice as likely as non-recipients to have an internship experience. over three quarters of the students with internships reported -- ann says i should

explain what daca is. daca as executive action by president obama. the first program rolled out in 2012 had deferred action for children. it is basically temporary status that affords undocumented use to work permits and relief from deportation. so three quarters of the students with internships reported experiences provided skills that prepared them for work. this is important because a number of students reported internships were a prerequisite for careers in their fields of study. we also found more than half of

the students with internships received compensation. this is important for population and a number of barriers when it comes to college affordability. a large proportion of our respondents reported being commuter students. 75%. this may transportation and housing when it comes to their ability to succeed academically. students with daca were more likely to have drivers licenses. they have shorter commute times and they spent more time on campus. we also found daca enables didn't get access to more stable housing and again this is important for students in terms of not just their ability to focus and concentrate on studies but also issues of safety and security.

the data also revealed the greater optimism for college about doctoral recipients. one indicator was this fire in degree. it is important to also acknowledge the negative consequences of the provisional nature of daca. again daca is temporary relief. so we have a number of open-ended questions. students talked about being cautiously optimistic about their future. ..

determine access tuition and financial aid. for example, while some states have established inclusive tuition policies, other states have explicit exclusionary policies. kind of the biggest proportion of states is in the realm of unstimulated tuition policies. the issue of in state versus out of state tuition is important. average out of state tuition is about double the typical

in-state tuition rates. regardless of state tuition policies, they are differences that exist at the levels of institutions. wallace taken have unstimulated policies or have restricted tuition policies, institutions can have their own policies around access to in-state tuition. another thing that plays out, a lot of this is with regard to public institutions. privates also their own way of dealing with undocumented students when it comes to admissions and financial aid. we heard a number of instances where private institution will treat undocumented students as international students, for example. this presents a number of challenges for undocumented students. they are put in this vicarious position of determining who they should talk to to get

information about access to information, whether or not this information is accurate. so you go ask two or three different people in an institution, you might get two or three different answers. two layer another job associate with just access to tuition, in-state tuition come is the issue of access to aid. so aid and tuition our current are two different issues. -- are kind of two different issues. new york is an example of what they have in-state tuition for undocumented students, but they do not have access to state aid. so there's only five states where undocumented students can get access to state eight. new york is not one of them. it is a point of contention are currently because of the recent

budget decisions that were made and i'm hoping we can assess that further throughout the morning. there's also differences now access to aid plays out at different types of institutions. at two-year institutions there's less access to aid than and for your institutions. this is probably because more of aid for undocumented students is determined by institutions and is afforded to students by institutions themselves with a two-year institutions having less forms of institutional aid available for students. but again layering that different levels of policy and how it plays out for undocumented students, the context for all this is that students do not have access to federal aid.

in the form of grants or loans. i just want to say a little bit about some of the implications. we just came from washington, d.c. where we were sharing some of the same things with policymakers. i just kind of want to touch on some of the implications of our findings for policy. i think there are opportunities for us to push the limits of what trent lott did it specifically in higher education. government agencies can evaluate how doc is relevant to programs that promote internships and access to different forms of aid. higher education association so these are associations with membership memberships that

could be institution or people who work in higher institutions. these associations themselves should be front-line providers of information, of resources for their constituents to better serve undocumented students. we need to resolve some of the challenges to associate with ambiguous information your a lack of consistent information and the need for more advocates in the field are 30 philanthropy should partner with us scholarship providers and the higher education repeatedly more funding opportunities. costs and aid is a major barrier for any college student, but especially for undocumented students that don't have access to a lot of forms of financial aid. would like to see corporations review the recruitment and hiring practices and improve

access to internship, fellowships, and other career opportunities. this is potentially a space suit develop for promote -- private boat partnerships with a government can work with the private sector to create a better academic to grip i play. this is critical for feels like stem we have a shortage of the talent especially among students of color, women and low-income students. this report kind of scratches the surface of some of the policy issues that exist for undocumented students and how people in different spaces need to come together to start to tackle some of these challenges. i'll give you an example. while a student cam now attend a public institution, paid in-state tuition, they might get access to international aid. they can get an internship. they have a work permit.

that doesn't mean you can get a license to practice in certain fields. like so you could say great i'm now going to train to be a teacher, but we are seeing that certification is a barrier in a lot of different fields. so there's so many issues that are emerging. we need the kind of work together to try to tackle these. thank you. [applause] >> good morning everyone. and i want to thank you for organizing this wonderful event and i want to thank my esteemed panelists for joining us as well. i can't tell you how delighted i am to see some of my former colleagues who came out this morning. and i also am honored that

someone who came to have this conversation this morning. it shows i think how important this is to so many of us. it's encouraging that so many of us are taking this so seriously. so today i'm going, i'm going to turn to the psychosocial issues of our study. ours was an interdisciplinary study, and -- let me see. this question, because our panelists can't see what's up on the screen, i'm going to be reading things that i may not have said because i would've assumed you could all see. is going to be an echo effect. so apologies for that but if it's only fair. it's hard for you to comment on things you can't see. there's a question up on the

screen this is what are some of the biggest challenges you face as an undocumented college student? this question was both a qualitative question one of the three qualitative question that was embedded in our study but is also a kind of driving over arching question that was at the bottom of a lot of our quantitative questions. so what are some of the biggest challenges you face as an undocumented college student? what i'm going to do this very quickly reinforce some the points that he made but also kind of show you what the students were saying and then try to talk about creation for practice at the higher end level. so as has been applied early financial concerns was a key issue. we learned of investment or of operatives but for either

extremely concerned or concerned about paying for tuition and fees, even paying for basic books and supplies was a concern for most with 29% being extremely concerned about books and supplies. a quote that you get a sense of this come and go many many. so financing education. you are limited scholarships and financial aid and financial it barely covers tuition costs. another one says i got accepted into uc berkeley which was my dream school but i was not able to attend because i was not able to get enough money for scholarships to go. it was so heartbreaking knowing how hard i worked in high school and still not being able to go. many of our young people said that they had to settle for a lesser level school because of

financial concerns. they would go to a community college when they could've gone to a high rated for your college your -- a higher rated for your college. another issue was feeling left out of campus life. as one says, lack of financial aid which results not be able to live on campus. another said not being able to process but in many college expenses like studying abroad, interning in certain programs, getting academic jobs and be able to travel with certain organizations. they are not able to participate in the very things that so many students who don't face the issues of documentation take for granted. they also spoke about issues of finding allies on campus. one of the biggest challenges is knowing who i can turn to for help to understand my

undocumented status as a college student. not having a safe space where i can express my feelings about being undocumented. another says find the people that i can connect with and people i can trust. two-thirds reporting so there was this recurring theme of being misunderstood or disconnected was really a prevailing issue. two-thirds reported they had experienced this commission because of their legal status. another key and driving issue were fears of deportation. this occurred at the personal level. so, for example and this, going back to what robert was think of the folks at daca begin to talk about the same i don't have to worry about been detained or deported. lunch at daca at a personal

level this kind of alleviated but what we begin to see david ported having ongoing concerns for their loved ones. so they say things like am afraid for my parents and brother doesn't have his daca yet. it never goes away entirely until you know your whole family is protected. we heard over and over and over issues like that. i'm afraid my parents being deported on any random day. we see this in the numbers. i'm sorry you can't see this but the vast majority of respondents indicated ongoing deportation concern both for themselves and for family members. we see there are worries about tensions of deportation within somewhat for those who had daca but they went up for loved ones. so the folks with daca were actually more worried about their family members and want to don't have daca.

so it seems like once folks at daca come as they cross over to safety or at least temporary safety for themselves, they started worrying even more for their loved ones. so one of the things, given all the stresses that folks talk about, and also because there's some good qualitative work that had been done before come with that it would be important to administer a measure of anxiety as part of our survey. so we administered the generalized anxiety disorder, a brief of scale which has seven items. it has been used widely on diverse samples of the people are asked to respond to seven items that goes over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems like not being able to stop worrying or controlling

worrying. so we administer this item and here's what we found. we found that we basically found very, very elevated levels of anxiety for our participants. for all the reasons we've been discussing, right? so female anxiety rates these numbers, the lower bar is what the norm sample is. the elevated bar is what our sample was. so what we found is that the females in our sample had anxiety levels three times higher than the norm group. 9% versus 37%. and for the males it was seven times higher. thumbnails typically have 4% 20% for our sample. that's quite a striking -- 28%. to finish this summer positive

notes, there was a clear longing to belong. sorry, i'm going -- i'm going to actually -- they talked about not having -- i'm actually going to skip this. we asked, we asked of them we asked them about, about what if they had a chance to participate in the nation-state, if they had a right to become a citizen whether they would choose to do so. we found that the vast majority would, in fact, 90% would choose to become citizens. so that i think, there's a narrative and probably not too many in this room, but in some places in the nation that

immigrants don't want to belong to i think this is kind of a clear sign that there is a clear longing to belong. we also asked them about their civic engagement and civic participation. 88% of students reported being in social causes they care about. that ran the gamut from helping others in the community to civic protest. as we know in the last decade, dreamers have been on the forefront of the fight for change because they bravely expose themselves on campus is across the nation. they brought awareness to the issue of this very important topic. at the same time there's huge uncertainty about this issue in the future. our participants talked about it's difficult to know, i'm being held back by something that's outside my control.

it's not just stressful but it's also depressing for any human being not being able to be motivated to think or dream of plant a future. another sums it up. what happens when daca ends? and i think their concerns are very apropos despite the presidential announcement in december, they have continued reason for concern and uncertainty. their parents and family members remain vulnerable to deportation, as they are not protected by daca. further, the new congress is threatening continuing to undermine the immigration accountability executive action. as such, our national policy

context remains extremely uncertain. i do want to turn to we had a question at the very end of the survey where we asked of them an open-ended question that said what recommendations do you make, would you make for administrators on campus and to improve your experience on campus? the participants really poured their hearts out and gave early concrete and tangible kind of recommendations, which could be a whole lot in and of itself. but i will take that the recommendations built into several buckets, which i will summarize very quickly now because i want to turn it over to my colleagues. somewhat of a buckets of recommendations was around asking members of the campus community to really stop to listen and learn about them.

they are a key constituency on many campuses all over the country. certainly any of the key states, but as we learned all over, right? there was a saying in the lgbt community back in the '70s we are everywhere. and i think that the same stands for this community as well. but also asked that we trained faculty and staff to understand their needs. and as robert was saying everything is changing all the time. so what is true debate is not true tomorrow. and that is part of what we need to be doing is constantly being over and finding out what's new. you can't be complacent about what you think you know. certainly about some the basic psychosocial issues that it would change a lot from one minute to the next but the legal and policy issues are

changing constantly. so related to that providing up-to-date information. providing financial support that's absolutely essential. providing safe zones. this was a recurrent, and by the way, not expensive thing that can be done on every campus. finding ways to provide safe spaces for students. and then leslie because of the mental health issues that we see, providing culturally relevant counseling services is i think essential. in summary, organizations like united dream then you coalition and many others have been on the front lines channeling the voices of unauthorized students over the last few decades with similar messages i think to many of the findings we put our --

i'm sorry. that we put together in this report. i hope that this data provides a real evidence to support answer the community with tested recommendations. take you very much. [applause] >> -- thank you very much. >> great. thank you. good morning. i would like to thank nyu and i like to think my fellow panelists for inviting me to be here today. fortunately,today. unfortunately, i have no other name for sosa with my position on the executive director of the new york immigration coalition. we are a coalition of 165 member agencies all across the state that have a stake on immigration, and believe very strongly and a lot of the

benefits that immigrants bring. so this particular discussion today is very poignant for me because we are coming off the heels and effort, a campaign over the past couple weeks and the past couple months to get the new york state dream d.r.e.a.m. act included in the budget come and, of course that went down to the very crushing failure by not getting into budget. again is not yet done. there's still so much in the legislative session, and i will talk a little bit about that effort to get the new york pre-mac passed a little bit. but it's also thought-provoking not only from our position as the coalition, as an advocacy group fighting for the dream act but also as the coordinator of a major $18 million city council initiative and we've been operating over the past couple of years working with us to the council. that's been effort to try to find the hardest to reach daca potential recipients. not the sir kevin tebbit folks who already know how to get to college and know what their

rights are but the folks who are not necessary the kind of folk you begin give. people who are young day laborers, restaurant workers sometimes with kids but they are potentially eligible for daca in which we think about them as well when we thinking of higher education because they are part part of the mix. i want to emphasize that as well. so the first thing i would say is that it's interesting, and i think, i took some time last night to redo the study which is excellent of course. and it's interesting because my experience with undocumented immigrant youth and culture is not as a subject of study as the agent of their own destiny. and then you want to point out is that undocumented immigrant youth every thrust themselves on the forefront of the immigration movement the past couple years. you see that nationally. you see groups like united we

dream really putting an edge to immigration advocacy. doing things a lot of established organizations like we at the new york immigration coalition of some of our national partners, we want to do before. i think they've made a tremendous change. they have been again change and whether immigration advocacy and our fight in our never ending fight for comprehensive immigration reform. they completely change the rules of the game. so i think when you look at things like the president's announcement of daca in 2012 that was in many ways a direct result of the advocacy of undocumented immigrant youth. but went and took over president obama's's campaign office,'s campaign office, who did sit ins, didn't hesitate to talk about the democrats and republicans. so i think it's a remarkable fact and i think one that we would do well to keep in mind. and even on the state level and onon a local level as well. you see organizations like the

nuke a state youth leadership council. you see organizations like the dreamers the just concluded a multi-day hunger strike for the new state d.r.e.a.m. act. that in many ways are the vanguard of advocacy around immigration and it would give us will not to forget that. i'll keep my remarks short i just want to share a couple of thoughts in look at the state of some of the results that we found. one, and i think that, want to add context to this but one is that daca come in our experienced daca has provided a new lease on life. i respectfully differ from my colleagues here in that i think the impact of daca is not the folks are less concerned about their own deportation or it isn't like that. i think the fact is that for kids and for youth who are able to get daca, it means more than just simply being able to get is also secured a number or protected from deportation.

it means you can conceive of a future in the united states. i remember that one of the students that it worked with closely, i've known him for about four years, a korean undocumented immigrant student. he wasn't a cuny student an honors student but before cuny untrained daca happened i would meet with them and would sit down and i would say i can say is first name because he's okay with that. i blessed peter, what do you think about doing? i know you're a junior right now going into your senior ubiquity going to do? and he said i do know. because without daca without any legal status like that your options postcollege are limited. what are you going to do? there are some opportunities to have a consultancy basis or be an independent contractor or start a co-op but those are limited. the fact is the daca provide you with an opportunity to work legally after college and that makes a tremendous difference

because that allows kids like peter to imagine a future in the united states beyond simply college. i saw that. peter was able to apply for daca. is able to get it. he is gone on to a career actually. he is a budding filmmaker. he just got married and he sees his future in the united states words before going back to korea and really trying to adjust to the country that he left 18 years ago. that in many ways seems to be his only option other than silica into the underground economy. so i would say that the impact of daca at least that we've seen, has been that it provides the postcollege goal provides them with the vision and the ability of having a future in the united states. that in our mind is one of the key things. it's also been been true when the look of our effort was a daca initiative. we work with about 30 organizations that are doing

outreach company people who are hard to reach who may not know that they are eligible for daca, that they are in that age range. they may be day laborers restaurant workers, landscapers. so we we've been trying to get them to say, you have an opportunity to go back to higher education, to get a degree, to be able to provide for your family and to get daca status. one of the things we found is that the canterbury between being a worker and being just a low income low-wage worker ending a college student is a fluid one. but the folks who have been able to go through, that alert about daca and eventually gotten daca it has been an amazing change in their lives as well. so i think that both in terms of potential benefits but also the intangible benefits, importance of daca in our mind cannot be understated. second point i wanted to make. financial aid continues to be a major structure for these

individuals. there's a lot of talk recently about the rise of college costs and other does effectively. buffer undocumented immigrant students, and i'm sure jenna can talk about this in more detail, the rising cost of college is not a bump in the road but it is an impassable barrier. it's a huge barrier even for those kids who are going to cuny orsini, but for the kids are going to nyu regulation and fees are what, more than $60,000? 70 next year wow. nothing that makes you feel old i carry the cost of college. i mean $70,000 per year isn't insurmountable financial barrier, right? i think it is especially for students who are barred by law from taking advantage of pell grants or who are barred by law from taking fish of the state tuition assistance program.

financial aid in financial assistance in the impossibility of accessing those is a major barrier. and i think one that affects us all. if we are not doing what we can do about undocumented immigrant students come and study showed that the great majority of undocumented immigrant youth are not going to higher college, a great majority because of financial buyers, and we are doing our state and our country, we are doing it a disservice and i think that's something that we as a society have to look at ourselves and think what are we doing along this front? the stories we heard were particularly pointed. the new york state d.r.e.a.m. act would allow access to the state's tuition assistance program, would allow access for the approximately 4000 undocumented immigrant youth they graduate from new york high schools every single year. when you hear the stories of the cuny dreamers who on a hunger strike up they felt was important in the middle of

midterms to engage in this hunger strike because this issue was that important to them because they face on a day in and day out basis just how important tuition axis is, just how important each single dollar is. so if we don't do something about financial aid, if we're thinking about how to break in these financial barriers for higher education, then we need to re-examine what we're doing as a society. the last point i would take is that public and endorsement does make a difference. i know that at nyu last fall they made a public announcement stating that they would be financial aid available for undocumented immigrant students. i believe it was the efforts of the nyu drinking and other advocates to really make that happen to want to encourage them for that but the fact is that a lot of colleges don't mention their support for the undocumented. so the ones that do and you see this with the cuny dreamers and we spent a lot of time working

with cuny and especially some of the leadership there, people like senior vice chancellor, they have front and center and said that the new state d.r.e.a.m. act is one of the top advocacy properties. they have said that they want and need to do everything they can to support undocumented immigrant students can even given the legal barriers that exist. that is make image a major impact in the mindset of these students. they feel welcomed they feel less isolated. they feel supported, and these intangible benefits i think it's a corporate tumor that these to make a difference. and so public support and making sure that the leadership of higher education is coming out clearly and strongly in support of these undocumented immigrant students is something we should be pushing for. finally, as an advocacy organization i do want to say that the fight for the new state d.r.e.a.m. act is not over. i'm sure to be some questions about the public from the

panelist. the fact of the matter is that together put it in his budget and then he took out. i don't think that i'm saying anything until we by saying we didn't have enough support in the assembly nor in the senate voted have enough support from family. all of our elected leaders let us down. and so i would say that we have a couple of months to get something passed to it is going to be a tough road and it's going to require everybody who is engaged around this issue undocumented students at the forefront, organizations such as herself, other progressive organizations, and a lot of other stakeholders business, higher education, we will all need to work together and to fight together to make a new york state dream act a reality. but we can do that issue. i would ask all of you industry to think about what you can do to support the new york state dream act.

whether it is a joint a hunger strike in solidarity with some of these really brave and courageous students, whether it is making contact with your local state senator or status of a person to are signing on to the petition for the governor making sure he lives up to his work. he campaigned on the new state d.r.e.a.m. act this is a campaign promise for him. we have told them we think he has broken it. what you do as an ordinary resident, new york state, there are plenty of things you can do. i encourage you to engage. we have a couple of months to get this done. if we don't get it done where look at probably not getting it done in 2016 it is it's an election year. every single day this happens more than 4000 undocumented immigrant students graduate every year and it breaks my heart they are not able to access it. thank you. [applause]

>> hi, everyone. i'm really short. so i'm very happy to see everyone here and be part of this panel. i've been undocumented student activist who's been involved with immigrant rights movement for quite some time. i'm here to talk about my experience as a direct impact a person. as the report has found and kind of rhetoric, there was a need for close examination of the guidelines for federal and state financial aid for both undocumented students and citizens and local -- [inaudible] as was recorded in the report. as steve mentioned we've been fighting for the new dream act

since 2011. based on 2011 findings 50% only 5% of 4500 undocumented students from high school graduate, and only five to 10% of the students continue for higher education. they had been working endlessly since the first draft of the bill in 2011. up until now new the d.r.e.a.m. act has garnered enough support from organizations in different groups, and has now been turned into what is called a new yorker d.r.e.a.m. act coalition. since 2011 we've been mobilizing organizing and putting our lives on the front line. we have done various actions which include vigils marches, protests, civil disobedience is walk to albany walk from new york to albany where undocumented youth walked,

actually walked 150 miles. but three times it has passed through the legislator and three times it has failed. it is really disappointing to see that in the state of new york the message has become very clear to us, right? that new york state does not support higher education for undocumented students. as steve mentioned, it was recently taken out of the budget budget, and we were told that there was a lot of backdoor deals happening with a dream fund going around it and i just want to say out of there, that's not what we want. we don't want a fun that has to secure funding to it.

so that's just a little bit, kind of like the policies that we are talking about that should be implemented for undocumented youth. in new york that's when the policies were trying to campaign for is to get passed in the state of new york. and something that wasn't mentioned, i'm also part of the lead in the drinking which is one of the first dream teams ever created in the whole state of new york which was good in 2010. i have support group for undocumented students and also like to share safe space to recruit that as a resource group to give each other support resources and information. just a little bit of going off on a bit about the report. something that wasn't really mentioned is that being undocumented that once they find out that your undocumented, right? a lot of people either face to

ways right? for one you've either grow up you're living in this country you think life is good but then all of a sudden you find that your undocumented interface that harsh reality. and a secondly, like in my situation i always knew i was undocumented. my parents always refill that to me. they always told me stay low don't talk to anybody. we could be deported at any moment. but i never really processed what that meant to my life. at such a young age when i came here, six months old, i grew up in this country. at such a young age when they told me the information i did not that would affect my life. my point for bringing that

outcome is a daca has been helpful in providing deportation relief, providing sources getting of us can even thought that is provided that kind of early, it's still something that starts at a very young age and something that within, i'd like to point out is that it's great that would like to the resources, create conscious of faculty on the campuses, create safe spaces for documented youth, had mental health counseling for undocumented youth, but it's also important to note that a lot of our first encounter with higher education comes from high school. it starts from there. so that's very important to point out.

and something else that they were mentioning about creating a safe space. i didn't actually had the opportunity to my counselor where she actually encouraged me, but, unfortunately, that's not the case for many undocumented youth who come the first encounter in high school, you see that the guidance counselor, the teachers but instead of being encouraged their actually being discouraged to you even apply for college or to even think about these possibilities because that's not even, because that is due to the lack of knowledge. sell something else we wanted to point out, we fundamentally believe that the greatest impact for undocumented people comes when undocumented people are part of the process. after all, who better to understand the need for

undocumented people that the undocumented people themselves? as being undocumented as being an undocumented student going to school working, always striving for social change and dealing with incredible fear and anxiety scope we don't expect to have an easy task at hand which is why our experiences and expertise should be validated. a great example comes from our very own institution in which the panel is being hosted in. the nypd team is actually close -- we have a close relationship over the past two years and there's allied space we were before decision which is undocumented youth led. their intentions and then -- and document use input and from our

close relationship even in as an example, nyu has actually gotten the institution to open up financially for its undocumented students. so i think that's very important to share, and also in creating these spaces we are able to have like other spaces such as something else we're also working on immigrant youth empowerment conference registered in california but and brought to new york as a means to provide resources support information to undocumented youth. things like that we should be taking into consideration when we're trying to provide safe space for undocumented youth because it is important to have a voice at the forefront. and throughout the process.

so that's pretty much, pretty much what i wanted to talk about, and i would just like to point out that we would like to continue these spaces in work together to keep implementing change for undocumented youth especially organizations and groups that support undocumented youth, but don't really support them when it comes to the actual work. we should just keep fighting for these changes that we should these seen, and not only institutional, not only institutional spaces but also outside where it was mentioned that not all undocumented youth that have daca go to college. they are part of the workforce and it's important not only to be those kind of people because they are also very deadlines are just as valuable as people who do go to college and we should not be making that distinction.

[applause] >> good morning. i'm going to be brief because i know we're headed towards 11:00 delete from for q&a from the audience. first i want to thank the members of the panel and daca and robert for inviting me to comment on this study. it's an extraordinary historic study. i was privileged to be able to read an early draft and it's wonderful to see it having an impact in, not just academia, in policy circles with their briefings at the center for the in progress and in washington recently. what's not in your is that i know there are many challenges to conducting this kind of research, online service which i've heard a little bit from

carola. i actually think there's a tremendous amount of work that went into this very, very careful attention to representation. i'm just going to highlight a brief comment on four themes. the first is reframing the undocumented. reframing that is the resource of initiatives critical and i'm glad that both steve and janet truly fit this thing. for this 1.5 billion youth who are unauthorized themselves, first of all, the sheer diversity of the countries of origin that they're coming from all over the world the 50 countries represented in this study, that's very important. i look forward to doing more about their actual experiences. i love that there was qualitative information but i just want to highlight two things which revealed just how strong and as much of a resource the students could be are for the nation.

which is that over 28% are estimatedstillmajor cannabinoid we have a crisis investing killed in this country, around -- 28% stem majors. many are high achievers to 80% gpas over three-point you. i don't think i was mentioned by anyone today but that is quite extraordinary. so when we consider the strength of a population i think the lack of a policy response the scattered policy responses from states from higher education institutions becomes that much more shameful. turning to daca 26 states have sued to prevent implementation of the obama executive action as of this point in time. and what is worrisome beyond that, and building i think also on steve's point from the new

york immigration coalition, is that those who have received daca tend to higher levels of ved daca tend to higher levels of education. they are in the more selective universities. and a nationally those who are least likely of those have not considered a high school education. maybe parents themselves. that's a population i study undocumented parents of young kids. does not involve informal adult education, and to new york city really led integration of $18 million worth of adult education slots and the new state coalition led in his fight with the city council and mayor bloomberg. new york is still the only city in the country that is passed specific adult education slots for the population that are daca eligible but haven't applied or accessed it. there are many barriers like costs, information but some groups are less likely to know that they are eligible. turning to the college experience i think there was

some shocking did in this report i would like to highlight. that is the experience of discrimination on campuses. i was shocked that roughly one-third of the sample reported unfair or negative treatment from professors, from counselors, and from university administrators. that shows that there is a climate above and beyond i think higher education, policies around aid and tuition. i think there's a tremendous amount of work to do at the higher education level around practice. as janet mentioned this reaches down and high school, and what these students may be faring i went to think of the many, many more thousands who don't even make it into college or university's in part because they are hearing these kinds of comments, which are creating isolation and discrimination in what really should be protected and private of learning. we know how harsh the work

conditions of the unauthorized our and we cannot be adding to those kinds of stresses and discrimination and the very settings for learning and education and social mobility that represents the schools and universities of our country. finally of every search directions i think we need more surveys like this. we need them specific to campuses like nyu, like universities in new york city and new york state. nyu students have been collecting these are based in the city across multiple campuses. are you both are? yes. and then broadly, much more broadly on a national level we need to add issues of legal status and the experience of legal status to ongoing national

surveys like the american committee survey, the current population survey. we need to add questions on activism among youth and what portion are engaged in that activism, and to to spread that kind of civic engagement work that really does empower this group. not just youth but parents are starting to enter the picture. we need to understand the wages and work conditions of those who received daca. are the rates of illegally low wages that i found in our study of undocumented parents were size 40%, illegally low. below the minimum wage. are they lower? they should be when you have official permit to work in things like a social security number. but over all i think this is a historic study. i hope it draws a lot of practice and policy change, particularly higher education

across the nation. i think we are at 15 well 12 minutes. instead of my posing questions i think it's best maybe if we open it up for q&a from the larger group of i'm sure you all have a bunch of questions. and you will moderate that? thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much to our panel. we have some time for questions not a whole lot of of time. why don't like it did if you have a question, we have a portable microphone that's going to circulate, is to tell us who you are, where you're from and then you question which you can address to the panel as a whole or to an individual on the panel. so on to any questions? yes, right here in the first table. can you stand up also? thank you. >> hi. i'm bonding from san francisco.

a graduate student here studying higher education at nyu. i can understand how you can generalize it to the entire country being that it is private, includes public institutions two years four years, said about my question directed to those of you who are at ucla seeing that the study is coming out of institution. what do you see as the immediate implication at the university being what you've what you done from the study, ucla being very specialized because california has such a high undocumented population. the los angeles area in particular, and ucla, like the other you see systems have other tears. tuition is nearly times -- three times as instead. you can focus on the social

aspects or whatever. >> so earlier i was talking about states like a state contractor matters. they matter in terms of both access to in-state tuition, more equitable tuition policies, and they also met in terms of state forms of aid. california's one of the more progressive states. they do a better job than most other states. they had a policy. they had a california dream act. institutions, the university of california generally has created funds to specifically target support at the campus level for undocumented students. ucla has over 600 undocumented students. just the fact that they know

that i think is something that speaks to their desired to want to know and understand and support these students. we have staff in an office that supports undocumented students on campus. they work closely with student organizations and also work as a conduit to other offices on campus. and so ucla is a good example. i think they also feel like they could do more and so there's always kind of ongoing dialogue about how to improve services for undocumented students. >> i wanted to add a little bit in response to what you're asking and also hear his comment. after this report we drill down a little bit into comparing the for your public to the for your private, to the community colleges. we looked a little bit at the differences in terms of how it matters.

so we found that the for your private key better, no surprise will come in terms of giving more financial aid. but the for your public's are much better at kind of a general climate of, so there was a lot more discrimination going down. like student on student and faculty and student. in the for your privates. a lot of our respondents were coming out of california. i mean, they came from all over but we just happened to have more coming from california and from the you see systems. the ec system is a special ucla happens to be extraordinarily passionate they are in the forefront of the tree movement. so it is a special space. >> soulja boy thing i would add

is -- so the only thing i would add is i think the great tip o'neill who once said ann is the only person into room remember to tip o'neill was -- all politics is local. this is true into two domains we are trying to marry. this is true in higher education policy and this is true in immigration policy. in our country we basically have, we are coming to a new normal where each state has the policy mechanisms for immigration are so varied. if you find yourself in california, if you find yourself in georgia if you find yourself in illinois, you might as well be in three different countries

because they are so disparate. the centrifugal nature of the increasingly disparate a policy mechanism suggests that the trajectories are going to be very very different in what state you find yourself and in what institutions you find yourself in. >> i just wanted to add since the many of you either teach in higher education programs or study and then that we have to remember how internally complex university and college is. ..

i'm the direct route to rural programs@here in this is obviously a safe place for all of us and just as a very receptive audience as well as a wonderful dedicated panel. i have a know your enemy question. what is the mythology of the other side that would result in

some unlike andrew cuomo dropping the budget and what are the myths that we can counter with evidence? >> i can speak to that. just a couple weeks ago we put out an op-ed specifically titled that. myths about the dream act trying to repel those. the number one message we hear and they heard this across the state, particularly around the elections last year and why are you giving taxpayer money to illegals. our nativeborn children are already having a hard enough time with the rising cost of college to be able to afford college anyway. why are we taking taxpayer money and giving it to illegals. i think we really push back when

we said he was at the new york state dream at all about who providing equal footing to everybody. we have a pool in the tuition assistance program boosted by $27 million it should be bigger anyways. it should be very large. we will post we will boosted up by $27 million we will change the regulations that will get rid of the residency and status requirements and allow undocumented immigrants another student of refugees or bit guns can also be able to access data. it allows undocumented immigrant students to be on the same playing field as everybody else. you are not taking a big chunk of money and directed specifically to undocumented

students. not that we would necessarily be against that, but in order to combat that talking point that was the structure. the problem is politics and demagoguery and messaging get in the way of facts. we hear this all the time. reader that's why would to people who can't work anyway. it is simply not true. the politics of this the republican state senators now the majority has got to get offended by them if you want to have something happen. they thought they won last year's elections because they demagogue and put out flyers with people climbing fences to indicate their criminal illegals coming over to the fifth is they thought they won the elections because of that. it is a hard push to figure out

what kind of leverage we have a man to say now you will accept this. it is a political question at that point. >> the only thing i would add is this is the number one law of immigration in our country over the last 100 150 years. we left immigrants looking backwards. in the here and now there's always ambivalent. there's always push back. we are in lower manhattan. 100 years ago there was a near panic about huge numbers of eastern europeans. the irish, the mediterranean's the fundamental structure of the

anti-immigrant impulse had an anti-semantic anti-catholic come anti-radical holy trinity. yeah we left immigrants looking backwards. we hate them in the here and now. if the ucla dean from a former nyu professor 100 years ago in this university would have told you relax. 150 years from now 100% of every single member of the united states supreme court [speaking in spanish] american law, every single member would be jewish or catholic people would've said

dean, you are crazy. today the issue is mobilized around the spinal barrier. the question of who has authorization who doesn't have authorization. the symbolic darius that animates those of the over immigration is fundamentally channeling echoing what has been a story in our country for over 150 years. today it's not the irish. it's not the eastern european jewish. today it is the unauthorized. >> okay, two more questions. middle of the metal table. >> hi, my name is gabby appeared

in the third year philosophy student and i'm on the nyu dream team. the american people the microphone closer? i know why you decided they would begin to offer institutional aid to undocumented students. but all that is is opening up being able to apply to nyu as a u.s. resident rather than an international student. even so it doesn't mean they will receive full financial aid that they are open to you receiving it. my question is how institutions can aid in pushing legislation to provide state aid because the institutional aid provided will be enough to cover a $70000 in tuition for an 80% come from families who make less than $50,000 a year.

we have spoken to nyu administrators and they are pushing having a programming being a permanent program. even so nyu hasn't pushed for the dream i because they're afraid of the backlash they receive from it. it is not something they are publicly advocating for. it is something they are putting forward. how other higher institutions can push for legislation. >> i can answer a little bit for nyu. institutional aid is limited for everybody. we can talk later. there is a lobbying arm in all but name and a vice presidential governmental relations. the logic is an entirely clear because opening up the state for

is certainly something and why you should favor and allow us to increase those funds. robert or steve, do you want to answer that in terms of an itchy shins? generally in terms of institutions. >> sure. it speaks to the points we are trying to drive home and that is the issue around a document status undocumented students know i'm trimmed. to have stakeholders involved in the discussion. it is something where we need greater political bill when it comes to institutional leaders and i know united we dream is trying to work with a number of who shall to sign-on to

undocumented student. she unmentioned bumbershoot organizations. we have a number of organizations like ash en masse and a cpa. they should also work with membership to educate them but also to garner support around these issues. >> can you comment on the lobbying in albany. are the higher association lobbyist in albany helping you helping groups on the issue? >> i don't know about the higher education associations. the dream act coalition is a whole another story in the south about the coalition politics and the different forces both for the dream act and against the dream act and presumably for it but are actually against their.

what i would say it's important to have institutions way it in for the catholic church to weigh it. it is important for the business community to weigh in. i absolutely think so. it is hard -- it's important for them to weigh in and thinking through what leverage we have whether they are the governor or the senate or the assembly. in this case all of the above. it is important for major institutions like nyu to weigh in. >> one more question over at this table. >> hi, thank you for your presentation.

i'm becky schachter of income on a income on the staff state senator liz krueger was kind enough to send me here today because she's been working in albany to get these things pass. i appreciate your reporting camera to share with their staffing needs in the legislature. i'm curious how reflective it is that the situation in new york particular respondents from new york and the way new york looks as it is reflected in your report. >> we are consulting the numbers. >> where the fifth-largest number from new york. i can tell you that right off the top. >> i think the questions are the findings you presented typical of new york as well as others dates? >> i would say that finding the

realities as they are unfolding. immigration into our country is everywhere now yes five states really lead the way. california illinois, florida new york texas, new jersey comes in sixth as the state that have by far the greatest concentration of immigrants and also very large constant tradition of a relatively large concentrations of the unauthorized. if you look at the universe of folks that went through the daca process and the universal folks have responded to our survey we

are pretty comfortable to sample really represents the story of young people that have undergone at the student level that have undergone the process. >> in state-level policies make a difference and campus level practices make a difference. >> okay. i think we should adjourn because otherwise people will start to flood out. i would like on behalf of the audience to thank our panel. [applause] if you have questions we didn't get to you could rush us. we will be here a few minutes. if you'd like to be on the institute permit anonymous, give me her card or fill out one of the papers as you leave. thank you. [applause]

[inaudible conversations] >> in may of two day symposium for minority students. the panel focused on federal financial aid for grams. it's about an hour long.

[inaudible conversations] >> okay it is 2:45 and we will bring back on the record are briefing for the fourth and final panel of not only the day that the briefing. before i swear you in for the purposes of identification that will introduce you all. most of you were here earlier but just in case you've each have seven ministers beat. the system of warning lights will guide you. green go yellow to menace wrapped up and read we will begin to ask you questions. our first panelist this afternoon is ms. megan mcclean with the financial aid administrators. i second panelist is richard vedder with the college affordability and productivity. a third panelist is elizabeth baylor with the center for american progress. mr. good if not here yet so we will continue when he arrives and introduced him. i want to ask the panel is to

raise your right hand and swear and affirm to the best of your knowledge and belief the information you provide is true and accurate. is that correct? you have the floor. >> an afternoon to the members of the commission. >> you need to press the button. >> try again. good afternoon thank you for inviting me to speak on behalf of the national association of financial aid administrators. nasa represents public and private universities and trade gold across the nation. collectively nafa members serve all student aid recipients. focusing on the title for financial aid programs a central tenet of their mission is to advocate for public policies and increase access and success in postsecondary education particularly the one students.

we know financially it has an impact in under 75% of pell grant recipients of the 2012-13 year had a family income of less than $30,000 per year if we know we need to do a better job of enrolling underrepresented students as they represent a small portion of enrollment compared to white students in bachelor and institutions. knowing the context we should consider improvement with an eye towards how they best serve the students most at risk. in the short time today i will share some policy concerns and recommendations related to two areas of the federal student aid program. the federal pell grant program in the second is the camp of the space program. the pell grant is known is the cornerstone of the federally program. today there's a need to examine the program with the matter is making sure the program is its original intended role.

for example according to the pell institute 1976 77 it was $1400 which had 72% of the four-year public institution. the pell grant s. $5730 representing the cost of attendance at a public institution. although the program has seen increases over the past several years for which we're grateful, covering 36% of the cost of a tenant that if republicans did to shame no longer provides access to a postsecondary education for lowest income students. while the program provides adequate funding for community college we should focus how to make direct access to four-year institutions and options for qualified incomes. we are his is an art competitiveness.

in addition to more funding we also recommend making a more flexible or nontraditional learners alleges they should govern in the pell grant program are geared toward 18 years of age and therefore your brick-and-mortar school and program. some don't start right after high school. then again the return as adult learners and some are not able to enroll continuously due to financial or family obligations. nafa has recommendations to make a more flexible and increase access and success for low-income students and i will briefly outline two of them. the first pot of thousands of as a powwow to draw down as needed until the student completes the academic program or runs out of funds. rather than a certain amount of dollars for each award year. for example under the structure

they lead to the fall to ron nodded a certain point because there are too many dollars allowed and the so-called cap semester for students face twisted months attempting to work and attend school simultaneous or perhaps step out. the powwow would mitigate negative consequences. the second proposal provides a federal pell promise of a commitment for the pell grant program. the pell promise to teach students about pell grants by notifying how much fun in tokyo but to receive in the future and guaranteed the amount if they complete high school successfully. we believe strongly making the program flexible and advocate for increased funding will help the country moved the needle on access for actress students.

i will not talk about the campus-based programs which are a critical piece of student financial aid and up of the federal supplemental educational opportunity grant and the federal perkins loan program. i'll need raise the program 13 campus is because even though they are federal funds, the funds are allocated to participate in the tissues on a formula and the institutions determine the state and federal guidelines which students receive funds as well as the amount. the formula where many believe the inequity exists is based on two principles. the fair share portion of the formula primarily calculate the funds in his tuitions based on the relative native student and a base guarantee that ensures participating institutions receive as much as received in prior years. as a result of the latter a portion of the funding is dedicated to maintaining a novel site-specific institution in the not necessarily reflect the national need.

this has the effect of institutions receiving higher allocations because then the program longer. the funding pattern does not reflect gross across institutions created a situation where underresourced institutions have access to dollars and institutions that have more resources. consequently they've made the recommendation to change the way the program is allocated said they will become more targeted to low income schools and dividends. the proposed elimination of the gary t. than rely solely on a fair share funding model that would eliminate the current model based in part on historical allocation and introduced more fairness by basing the allocation on institutional need instead. in closing thank you for the opportunity to discuss programs and challenges for low-income students.

happy to provide information to work with the commission in the future. thank you. speed mr. vedder. >> thank you. i'm technologically inept. i only have a phd. presentation is expanded into a written statement. it is conventional wisdom that greater participation in higher education is necessary for economic achievement of the american dream and it's true on average americans with four-year degrees going to magically more than a high school education and the differential is a good deal larger today than i was at the time the civil rights act of made teen 64 pass. that said my message today is higher education is no panacea for eliminating disparities between individuals and group characteristics such as race and gender.

a further drive to increase educational attainment among minority groups will likely lead to disappointment as in some sense. let us look at in 1970 for every hundred white and american colleges as 11 blacks. by 2013 there were 25 a dramatic growth and educational access by african-americans. the narrowing of income differentials between blacks and whites has been very modest. black household income rose by 2% to five percentage points from 19822013 depending on statistic is for maybe 65%. eliminate 10% or 12% of differentials. the fact remains increased educational attainment in eradicating a small portion of income differentials and future

prospects did not appear to be particularly good. the question is why is this though. the evidence is clear the proportion of import minority groups that african-americans and hispanics entering college that actually graduate within six years is below the authority of a small national average of 60%. schools under pressure to admit minorities often accept statements for extra success. special remediation programs have relatively low success rates. many urban universities with high minority participation were far more students drop out and graduate in six years. a contributing your no doubt has the quality of the inner-city public secondary education leading the students admitted to

college who are at best marginally qualified. colleges brag about enrollment that are often guilty of luring students with low realistic probabilities of success. they can drag and rising tuition revenues will be student deep in debt with no degree or high-paying job. second come in really graduating college provides no assurance of a good future income. growing evidence shows a large proportion of recent graduates are unemployed performing jobs were jobholders have high school diplomas. they found that one for the college graduate live at their parents two years after graduation should in the majority receive support from their parents. moreover as americans have bachelor's degrees approaches one third the receipt of a

degrees no longer indicates a person with above-average skills and abilities. employers become more ridiculous. the high college earning still applies to the elite mostly private schools with good managerial jobs but those earning premiums are far less to reputation. i minority representation in your pipe. college graduates vary considerably with the major field of study. some minorities disproportionately measured fields whose graduates have low postgraduate earnings. demands are unaware of the risk this is the edited with college attend a hearing the law of this is operated as a public policies. for example duke power supranuclear haze in the civil

rights that unintentionally increase diplomas by reducing the ability to use alternative ways of certified worker competence t. thereby allowing colleges to raise fees aggressively as did financial programs under the higher education act of 1965. the hated fast the form to disperse financial aid has disproportionately turned off minority group numbers bewildered by the forms complexity. i worry we are unburdening african-americans and hispanics by overselling to gain an understanding of risk associated with going to college. colleges should have skin in the game sharing any adverse financial consequences associated with college dropouts following two large amount of college