this virus really doesn't care. the more you have no location the more virus production the wider spread can occur. but occur. but we need to be thinking about in the way of security and why this is different than what it has been prior this is the first time in north america we have had a high pack virus travel _teefive wild birds to north america, the first time, and it is because it has adapted itself to these dabbling ducks and is moved across the bering strait. it never happened it never happened before. low path may be, not high path. so what is different now is we at least have to consider bio security where was fine and well and good for what we were dealing with prior to this we must not

consider to me after

more importantly the density of farms does facilitate the potential for rapid transmission. we are dealing with a contagious virus. we are dealing with a situation where the ventilation fans that are used to maintain the proper environment of the chickens are turned on.

material dust, other material that is coming out of the air will have virus which will travel to some degree. degree. not miles and miles but in delaware we might have for five farms and each of those might have 60 to 80000 chickens. they are all contract growers and they are with four different integrated operations. so you have a situation as doctor clifford indicated where you may have these very large single farms layer operations. in other areas of the country you have independent facilities that is essentially the same thing. the travel on office different, when birds are taken to market they are

caught, put in cages trucks take them to what we call processing plants or slaughterhouses. they may go by 15 different other farms in the dust and feathers are coming from these live haul trucks. a lot of complexities that we need to think through. that is why and delaware we -- concerned is not the right word thinking about what might happen. >> doctor, a quick clarification. there may be 56 poultry companies but there are a lot of locations all right? >> sure. there are 20 states we would consider to be major poultry producing states. >> were not talking about 56 locations. we are talking about

thousands of locations. >> correct, correct, but there are areas with higher concentration and others. >> got you. senator. >> thank you, mr. chairman. this year's outbreak has had a a deeper impact as i am sure you have talked about. the outbreak has wreaked havoc on farms where producers have faced the devastating reality of sick and dying birds. i am so pleased that we were able to be joined today by mr. schneider of wisconsin to share his story of his farm and his livelihood. the impact, as we discussed is really brought on farmworkers individuals working at processing and packing plants whose jobs depend on those lines running as well as on the broader farm community which depends upon demand for grain, supply, and services.

this avian flu crisis is also a community crisis. wisconsin is proud to play a role as host to research labs that are laser focused on the key questions in front of us questions about how the virus mutates howard is harvard and wild birds as well as diagnostic labs that help us track it spread and track viral strains as they emerge. dr. clifford, producers in my state have relied upon the tireless work that you do and your team has put in lots of time and energy into addressing this crisis over the past many months. i want to thank you for your of research labs responding to this virus spanned several different federal agencies and are supported also by state labs.

madison wisconsin is home to the usgs national wildlife health center and conducts research to determine which wild bird species might carry and spread various viral strains. i want to just note parenthetically that i am quite concerned the labs aging infrastructure is not allowing it to fully perform as needed during this crisis and it is something i have paid great attention to. dr. clifford, as you know, this wildlife health center conducts research that supports the industry focused research and i am wondering if you could share general comments about the importance of interagency collaboration and research investment and coordination on this crisis? >> i think interagency, a cross agency across across state and industry, the

collaboration is extremely important. that was well stated earlier by the testimony of chris curry with regard to the importance of collaboration. we actually collaborate on an ongoing basis with cdc. we work closely with usgs. we work closely with the department of interior as a whole. the money and funding we provide for wild bird surveillance, some of that would get to help support the testing that usgs and others would be doing and collection and testing of samples. we have -- we work with customs and border patrol, dhs fda. a whole host of food safety inspection services. we have an internal mac group within the department of agriculture across all agencies to help address this issue as well as the state agency. it is critically important.

every piece of this is the mine feels there are issues with epa, issues with transportation, issues with a lot of these things. they must be coordinated. there could be issues with availability of water. what we use what we use for depopulation of birds requires water source for farming. you would not think you would want of water, but certainly and small rural areas you very well may not have an effective water source. you cannot take it out of the lake because it has to be filtered water otherwise it shuts down your machines. you have to have carbon sources for composting and things. so so this really is a massive effort that requires coordination. >> thank you. also on the issue of

research the university of wisconsin hosts a large team of researchers studying pathogens that endangers human, animal, and plant health. we have pioneers in developing research efforts that could potentially help us understand or treat avian influenza viruses. however, some of these efforts have been put on hold by a federal pause on gain of function research. this continued research pause is delaying the potential benefits of studying viruses, including research that could protect human, animal, and economic health. when when does the cdc plan to issue final guidance on this research to be able to end the pause? >> i will need to get back with you with the specifics on that. what i would like to say is that the public safety is really important, and public support for research is

important. and we take seriously the need to make sure the scientific experiments being done are done in the safest possible way. influenza virus research is critical to make sure that we have safe treatment and effective vaccine and get ahead of viruses before we get the kind of problem we are seeing right now but the avian outbreak. and i know that across government with nih, cdc, fda, the question of the moratorium is important and we can get back with you with the specifics of timing. >> i would appreciate that. doctor clifford, i understand the state veterinarians are considering restrictions on the movement of birds and poultry separate from guidance by the usda. i know that i know that i have heard from farmers in my state to have contract to deliver birds across state

lines. we all share the common goal of containing and eradicating this viral outbreak. but our but our producers as you have heard, as you know her face a substantial economic strain. these uncertainties, of course, make things even more difficult to conduct business when it is safe to do so. so i am asking doctor clifford, what steps is the usda taking to ensure that quarantine shipping practices are safe and effective while also facilitating these contracts in ongoing commerce? >> thank you sen. so within our approach we have what we call an infected zone and a control zone. the control zone is around an infected flock that goes out

10 kilometers. products that are negative are tested regularly. nothing can move out of those zones unless we permit the product to move. and there is regular testing requirements for those products within that to be able to be safely moved in and out of those zones. that occurs ongoing. we issued thousands of permits out of those zones to allow safe movement. we share that. we have weekly calls with the industry and state and explain these things to them they know how it is happening. some states have taken additional action because of concern for because of the live bird marketing systems. some of those have caused issues. we intervene on behalf of states such as wisconsin, iowa, minnesota to try to help facilitate the movement of birds and the states and

we do the best that we can. as you know, the states do have often times rights to go above and beyond our requirements. we try to we try to work through that with the industry. >> senator harper. >> thank you. great hearing and appreciate you being here. i want to come back and revisit the issue. we have had a crop insurance program for a long time. it is a shared partnership which helps subsidize. we changed the fund. it would cover as i'm sure mr. clifford remembers fruits and vegetables of farmers want to participate. my colleague from delaware included in the bill the call for maybe trying a demonstration program with respect to insurance for

poultry growers and other livestock growers. that was in the bill. and i don't know if we have had enough time to get it up and running. is this. is that something you are familiar with? >> sen. come i am aware of the discussion, but i am not involved in the specifics. that is outside of my range. >> out just ask you for the record. maybe some of your colleagues can give us an update. >> and our experience with contract growers and boilers if there is an avian influenza outbreak the chickens are owned by the integrators, companies like that. the contractors they are indemnified as far as i know

as mr. snyder said, there is cost to bear. i want to go back to something. i'll bounce it over. you mentioned -- gracious in your comments about the support you gotten from the federal government can't department of agriculture and others. you others. you indicated there is a lot of bureaucracy and red tape that can be frustrating and time-consuming. there is an effort to try to identify one person. is that something you are actually doing? one designated person so that you don't call a call center. do we have that effect? >> it is actually an effect, but not in the way we wanted to be.

that is right now it is one person. because person. because of our rotations of personnel in and out of those areas because most of these people come from different parts of the us command we have them on a three or four week that they can go home clicks it would be great if we could figure out -- >> right now it is a three or four week turnaround. what we are doing is assigning a a single person that will stay with that producer. >> one of my favorite sayings, if it isn't perfect make it better. you have a good idea better. i i would like to ask a question about lessons learned. >> doctor clifford. >> i want to ask, can you take a minute. >> i have been called worse.

>> i'm sure. but the three of you just take a minute and share with us one key lesson that you have learned so far from this outbreak that can better prepare us for further infections should they occur. >> sen., thank you. i have not have not had direct experiences in this current outbreak. we have had some people from experts from the university of delaware travel and participate in depopulation efforts because that happens to be one of our strengths. we help. we helped develop that years ago. i get stories and reports from other individuals. i really feel that bio security is a key issue. that has been repeated several times, an area that -- bio security is not sexy. it is not something that

easily accomplished. it is a challenge and sometimes you don't see results. certainly we know it is not the entire answer as mr. schneider indicated. you can do bio security almost everything right and sometimes maybe it's an act of god. you have the introduction of the virus. i still think i still think bio security is a really key weapon in this process clicks thanks. dr. clifford clicks sen. if i may expand on that, i would that, i would like to hit a few. >> do it quickly. >> first and foremost, the questions foremost, the questions that senator johnson and the chairman was asking earlier about the timeframe of depopulation do to positive testing at our national veterinary services lab we have already implemented plans quite a while ago to base the

depopulation of those birds based on presumptive positives by the non- laboratory. we don't require confirmation anymore. that that is one lesson learned and one action we have taken. in in addition one of the things looking at his clinical signs we already have virus in the area. on the area of disposal made state and local plans in place that we know will work bio security is based upon new bio security for mayor filtration systems, air handling systems have to have some type filtration to reduce the amount of dust and potential for virus particle standard through the ventilation system itself. those are just some. >> just briefly, one briefly, one good take away

the one lesson learned. >> in addition to all of the bio security efforts i suggest that the increase of funding for agricultural research service to identify areas that those specific bio security protocols need to be implemented to help us prevent this happening again would be a wonderful place to start. >> good. my time has expired. clicks thank you. clicks very quickly, i want to get into the insurance, the emergency funding. is there a program in place to indemnify mr. schneider as an operator? >> there is a program in place that pays right now for the owner of the birds. so if mr. schneider is a contract grower will we have been doing is working with the companies to make sure that payments to go to the

contract growers or contract razors. >> that is something you try and do working with the law that does not contemplate indemnifying the operator clicks actually will we did quite a few years ago it is part of our regulation that requires the contract growers to be paid. the problem is with this particular hike path that particular regulation is written in to the aai rules below path not path, not my path. we paid the owner of the birds. >> correct. mr. schneider, you got a problem. we need to work with the ranking member to figure out what we need to do to address that because demonstrating for the operator, humanely agreement between the owner versus the

operator. that is something that needs to be addressed. doctor clifford you talked about personnel rotation. how rotation. how many usda offices do we have around the country? clicks veterinary services offices are usda offices? >> you could have a qualified personnel to respond to this. i am this. i am surprised we're rotating personnel versus just having -- >> we don't have that many trained people to do this. you are talking you are talking about animal health technicians and veterinary medical officers. i've got about 1800 people to serve and veterinary services. i'm not talking about any usda person. >> if you're talking about a.person to manage a case he really needs someone skilled in management not necessarily in the hard science. >> when they're working with them and help them develop a flock plan and the compliance agreement they

not only need to understand the red tape but the science. >> again, that could be an interesting discussion. the the purpose is to coordinate an effort with one point person that an owner or operator is dealing with. >> train and managing and coordinating the different expertise is. let me move on. the virus and potential vaccinations. how robust is the flu virus? how long can it survive? is this virus going to last days, weeks, months? pretty fragile. >> the virus won't last that long. the colder weather and drier weather permits. it's favorable. right now we're in a quiet time.

>> talking days? clicks the issue is to make sure that you have reached everything and it is not going back clicks in terms of the vaccine, concerned about trade, i think swiping genes with other influential viruses. two of the three h5 strains we are dealing with our these reassortment, high pathogenic h5 avian influenza from eurasia that swapped out parts of his jeans with a low pathogenic avian influenza that we had here in the us already.

so the virus is just constantly changing which makes vaccine development difficult. the vaccines the vaccines that we have for humans as well as animals are not as highly effective as the other vaccines, and the virus could mutate away from or escape from the vaccines. there are a lot of balance about the avian vaccines in the human vaccines. we do work to prepare vaccine viruses and have stockpiled vaccine against the original age five strains were major those are really preparing for pandemic readiness rather than what we are using every day. >> i was expecting a miracle. only going to be a certain percentage effected to begin with. plus we have a real real problem with vaccine

production, do we not? we have a hard time producing enough vaccine sometimes for humans. if we start trying to vaccinate 300,000 chickens with 300 million chickens to leave even have even close to capacity? ramp it up quickly enough? >> let me answer about the human vaccine and let doctor clifford respond about avian vaccine. an enormous amount. an 80 percent increase. the plastic as plastic as well as a much stronger infrastructure. but the animal vaccine production works differently >> the human vaccine. this is important. we had a had a

pretty robust vaccine production capability. it just was not an attractive business to be in. drug manufacturers exit of the business. we have government intervention to try and boost production. in case of a pandemic or in reaction outbreaks. >> that's right. there has right. there has been a lot of us government investment in stimulating the vaccine industry both for influenza vaccine and actually for routine vaccine we have a very strong a very strong public-private partnership. vaccine companies are making pretty good profits. >> i want to go back to some of the root causes why we did not have the amount of capacity we needed. needed. it wasn't an attractive business. people being sued and just exited the business. >> it was less the suit on the issue of profitability. when you are producing drugs people take medicines for

their whole life. successful vaccines you need a couple doses of. the market was not that favorable. things have changed a bit and we are in much better shape. >> the manufacturing capacity different? >> we work with the company's year. i am not concerned about capacity. it is more economics with the companies knowing that we would use the vaccine. >> if it is still the same production technique. >> by and large. there are new techniques being used as well that -- >> can speed the production development. more capacity available for animal vaccines. >> why do we have so much more capacity?

>> i really can't say. we have a lot of companies that are both domestic and international. if they don't have the capacity here they can have approved products. if it cannot be produced here it can be produced somewhere else. the capacities there. >> a quick question. you will have aga allotted on this. how do you think usda will fare? i realize it is unfair. i have had my facility audited. >> i think they will find good things and i think i think they will find areas that we need to improve on. you will oftentimes find the situation. some of the lessons learned while we are probably are taking them and working with

the industry and state. >> do you think you will see improvement? have already learned from lessons? >> i think we know we should report on the potential response to an outbreak like this. a number of recommendations the touched on almost to a t the challenges we are facing i don't know i don't know if any of us expected it to be this big and bad. usda address those recommendations. they are being tested now. in any emergency there will be challenges and lessons learned and things we did not expect that we will have to study. >> there has been a good reaction to prior reports. hopefully -- never perfect always room for improvement. >> thank you so much. we talked about this a couple of times.

how do we mitigate? only have a fund that goes down a lot of times a country around the world will just say there going to take any of our chickens the useful vaccinate defend vaccinations. to what extent is that impair? some countries just don't want to have animals imported in the country. vaccinated. how can we mitigate the impact of vaccine related export bans that are imposed on the us? >> one of the ways to do that is to have the plans available to share with certain countries so that they can see them firsthand

how we would use it. they would have the knowledge that we are not just going to rely on vaccine. there would be an indie game so you don't continue to use vaccine because as already stated the virus mutates. vaccines do not remain effective. so other countries, if you use a lot of vaccine they will see that is a weakness to control or eradicate. eradicate. they have to understand we're using it only as a tool. if we can convince them to do that that would be your first step but if i may expand to senator tester's questions earlier. >> he asked a lot of questions. >> the same thing. we would take no action to put industry of risk. we care

about the mission and about american agriculture would not do that. the fact is there is a lot of concern about the use of vaccine in a country that is free of fmd with vaccination as the same thing with high path ai. we cannot ai. we cannot go around the world and say one thing no one country because of our position and do something different to somebody else. >> thanks clicks thank you, sir. >> this is not our first rodeo. when it when it comes to avian influenza this is not our first rodeo this year. we have seen this a lot more than we want to. one of the things we try to focus on on not dealing with symptoms of problem causes just talk to us about

causes. is there any way to address this challenge by addressing not just the symptoms but by addressing root causes? and clicks. >> you consider the root cause, the introduction we have not seen this. institute the bio security of the farm level. clicks backyard farmers which are increasingly important in numerous as well. place one of the things we have done the earlier avian influenza outbreaks came not from wild birds but lovebird

auctions. clicks yes. they have done a wonderful job. that metropolitan new york area was once very heavily involved with certain types. >> probably not a fair question. >> as i said, we have not evaluated the current response that we are aware of the challenges. there will be new challenges identified. issued a couple of his strategies. how this should be done. a new element that will have to be addressed. >> thank you. >> once or twice. >> twice. >> the wildest pronunciation of your time.

>> the next hearing. >> the step back and generalize we think of this is an emerging infection where global threats are local threats in the human animal interface is very important. we are always we are always worried because the virus is constantly changing and we are very much worried about what is happening in the rest of the world with avian influenza. keen to know what is going on. >> senator, it is important to make one critical. this virus came in 1997 in china. age five in one outbreak in europe and asia and there was concern that we put money around the world into that area.

we did not put enough. if we would have eradicated information this would not have happened. clicks that's a great. i'm going to call you doctor one more time. >> i am going to be rethinking my entire bio security plan. increasing the structural operational protocol. ultimately ultimately it is my problem in my farm in any to do something about it. i will be training my employees better controlling traffic on and off my farm command i will take steps to try to control dust. i would love to include the use of the vaccine in my toolbox my come to bio security efforts on my farm. >> that was a great response i will disclose with this thought.

in terms of nautical terms the navy challenges like all hands on deck. this is all hands on deck. i'm pleased to see that you are focused big-time on this and working collaboratively together and i commend you on that. i appreciate what you said about taking responsibility yourself which is what needs to be done. home depot, home depot in minnesota, and at campaign this is you can do it. we can help. you can do it but we we can help. it is going to come again. different mutations. we just have to learn from our mistakes. figure out what works. that which does not work. great hearing.. great hearing. thank you. >> thank you. one thing we would like to

do is offer the witnesses one last comment. i have to first go to doctor clifford. how would we? >> we talk about one world one health and the global health security. we have got to be able to address these issues and make sure they are done. we address the human pandemic concern, but we basically reduced the funding and support necessary to continue. >> but how have we done it? clicks how? >> how? >> you have to eradicated from the poultry. it was it was in the poultry. it was killing the wild birds. but but what happened because of its allow us to continue when it became an age five in age five and eight it adapted itself to wild waterfowl and killed ducks.

that is the problem. we have the rid of it. so you stop the exchange of virus back and forth. >> the protocols and other countries not as rigorous? they don't destroy flocks. >> it depends upon the country. and the -- and asia, parts of asia people will actually sleep with the birds and have pigs outside. it is a whole different world. but if we do not help those cases many of those kind of diseases may come back to this country. >> that's my. you are saying we did not spread out the money to eradicated. i am not sure that we could. >> we could could have tried. >> i understand. >> again, thank you. i think you know we have learned lessons. we want this process to be faster. is critical we get in there, kill birds quickly, and get command if

the producers back on their feet faster. that is something that needs to be taken a heart clicks thank you. >> one of the reasons senator carper talked about the phonetic pronunciation. we don't pronunciation. we don't have a real good track record ourselves. if there if there is a bad pronunciation it probably came from this committee. >> influenza has been around for a long time and continues to be a major challenge. the big picture is continued investment and improved vaccines including the so-called universal influenza vaccine really important to get ahead of this problem for the future. >> mr. curry. >> yes. i talked in my opening opening statement about how important coordination and plans are. it is easy to sit here and talk, but it is difficult to adjust a real-life situation. this is somewhat unique in that we have had an outbreak, but we expect and are worried about the next. we can actually learn lessons now and figure out

what our capabilities need to be in other parts of the country so that we can potentially learn quickly and be ready for what we think might be coming. >> professor. >> thank you, senator. i think that we need to help and protect mr. snyders of our country. we have seen a number of people involved directly in our culture fall for many years. we have these large highly efficient means of producing food and poultry but i think really the producers and the farmers, the family farmers -- this is a wake-up call for us, i think. we have enjoyed the best quality safest food supply in the world. now world. now we are importing shell eggs from other countries. what is wrong with that picture? and we sometimes get into problems only when we import

food not to mention other kinds of materials drugs etc. thank you. >> first of all, you took the words out of my mouth. my own background, parents were raised on small dairy farms. the tradition of the family farmers dwindling. we cannot allow people to remain exposed. i have learned that it is exposed. i had coverage. i thought he was having a hard time obtaining the coverage. coverage. i am afraid he is completely exposed. we will work together to see what we can do to help those in mr. snyders position and not just mr. schneider, but everyone affected. that is the real commitment of this committee. it is not in our jurisdiction, but our ability to hold an oversight hearing, to expose the particular problem. this is about getting people to admit we have a problem. i believe this is a problem

that must be addressed urgently. >> one of the things i i think that might be able to help people like me is just the indemnity payment formula. one of those things is specific to egg laying farms. indemnification could be based upon future value. that that is where the egg industry is just a little bit different. over weeks those animals are raised and sent to market. the egg industry, those animals are in my facility for over a a year, sometimes two. the value of those eggs that is where if there is indemnity payment based upon future value, that would help me an awful lot. >> as we discussed, there has to be something like -- in my business' if you have a catastrophic loss to

destroy your flock. i was a catastrophic loss. we have to do something. there has to be some indemnification shum assurance that will keep you in business business interruption insurance. i am shocked we do not have that either as a a government program or in the private insurance. again, that is a take away. i i just want to thank the witnesses for your testimony this committee really does have a great deal of sympathy for your loss and we are dedicated to doing what we can do help you out. his hearing record will remain open until july 23. this hearing is adjourned. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> coming up congressman bobby scott on education policy and the new child left behind act.

home science committee hearing on supply in maintaining the international space station and the congressional internet caucus, the use of defamation lawsuits. >> here are some of our featured programs this weekend. upcoming relief c-span2 book tv focuses on the pulitzer prize-winning novelist serving saturday night at 745 eastern we talk about the impact of lee's book her life since publication, and the events that led to the discovery and publication of her new novel and re-air programs sunday evening beginning at 630 eastern. also sunday night radio talkshow host hugh hewitt on hillary clinton's second run for president.

teetwelve saturday night starting at 8:00 eastern congressional commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the vietnam war with readings and remarks by members of congress and sunday evening at 630 gop 630 gop presidential candidate carly fiorino visits with new hampshire voters. saturday at eight pm 8:00 p.m. eastern on lectures in history for flagler college professor on the factors that led to the great depression and pres. roosevelt's president roosevelt's actions to help the american people and the economy and sunday evening at 630 best-selling historical novelist jeff share on gen. william tecumseh sherman the burning of atlanta georgia command columbia south carolina and vice chairman is not the villain a popular legend. complete weekend schedule at c-span.org. >> this week on first ladies influence and damage, lucretia garfield and mary arthur mcelroy. an educated woman and a believer in woman's rights when her husband president james garfield was assassinated she returned to ohio and insured his legacy.

chester arthur a widower becomes pres. and his sister mary arthur mcelroy fills the role of first lady and establishes white house social etiquette used by future first ladies for decades. this sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span original series first ladies influence and damage examining the women who fill the position of first lady and their influence on the presidency from martha washington to michelle obama sundays at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv. >> congressman bobby scott is the democrat on the house education committee. we talked about the effort to revise the no child behind law and other education issues. issues. this is a half hour. >> joining us now representative bobby scott

and ranking member of the educational workforce committee. >> thank you for coming by. we start on the future your thoughts not only on the decision but the place in the house as far as the display of the flag and what went back and forth. >> the amendment the night before, the same day south carolina was debating in deciding to take the flag down, some of them with sponsor would sponsor the amendment subsequently backed off the. it had the effect of reinstating sales of the confederate flag in national parks. it was just a bizarre distraction. important business to do. resurrecting the confederate flag should not be part of the business. >> on public land the flag should not be displayed. >> reenactments.

sometimes you have to see it i don't think people need to revisit the civil war. it is behind us. the flag history is clear. it is a symbol that people rightfully conclude is hateful command we just donated. >> how has this play out? >> we have not had much discussion. we have not been waving the flag. the freedom of speech people have confederate flags. it is not anything that we lose a lot of sleep over or try to celebrate. it is generally viewed in virginia and its historical context. kind of dormant until 1954 when brown the board of education was decided and then was resurrected in that context.

so i think the history is fairly clear. i think we're trying to move on. >> being a ranking a ranking member, there is an effort to make significant changes. what do what do you think has been the total effect of that? >> start off with the purpose of the elementary and secondary education act the early to thousands with no child left behind behind, but it started in 1965. the court decided not only educational is important what reasonably expected to reasonably expected to succeed in life if denied the opportunity of education and 7f kennedy 7f kennedy must be made available on equal terms. we don't have equal education. we funded with the real estate tax that guarantees the wealthy have more resources.

1965 they dealt with that of the problems of low income areas trying to provide equal education opportunity. a formula puts money in the low income areas. one one of the good things is updated the purpose to deal with ascertaining and doing something about achievement gaps over the country, low income, minority disabled students. achievement gaps all over the country. do something about it. restricted as to what you had to do. the tests the federal tests combined with protests ascertaining whether there is an achievement gap we

don't want to go backwards. go forward but you have to have effort. that is the discussion. people are so mad and try to get rid of all the tests. that's one way to get rid of the achievement gap, don't determine you have one. back where we were before. someone to ascertain there is an achievement gap but not do anything about it. how are you going to look immaculate knowledge some people are getting a ninth grade education and everyone else is getting a 12 grade education.

and so we expect some meaningful strategy to try to close the achievement gaps. clicks that strategy clicks the house bill goes backwards. it changes the formula for every said the money goes to low income areas. they change the funding formula. it it literally takes money and gives it to wealthy areas. los angeles is 70 percent poverty. it moves about a quarter of the funding. funding. beverly hills is virtually no poverty. >> that is the republican bill. then they scale back the ability to ascertain whether or not there is an achievement gap. and they don't require anything meaningful to be done. they block grant money which means bilingual education, stem command of the things will get through the focus.

when you cut the funding will change the formula will make it harder to find achievement gaps and then don't do anything about it when you find them that is not going the right direction. the senate bill makes improvements on that. the focus where it is supposed to be. it require an assessment. the senate bill needs more work. very interested. what do you do? your future trajectory is pretty much decided by your level of education. your socioeconomic status education, and if you deny that this is not fair.

>> we will have to guess. democrat of virginia and ranking member. go ahead. clicks good morning. i just wanted to mention two things. my daughter is a fifth-grade teacher the two real big factors. the school board and that sort of thing with no federal interference. it is not necessarily a good thing. a good thing. it is good to have a

national standard. sometimes too concentrated on the individual child. federal control and standards is absolutely necessary. the second thing is that the biggest problem is that children after the third grade that are out on their reading level it is almost impossible to get them to catch up. the amount of effort to bring up to speed is incredible. a good basis and reading and concentrate preschool and first and second grade. >> representative. >> thank you.

excellent points. we like local control. control. as you pointed out local control is before 1954. .. you need some standards. the national standards that people referred to, common core, are actually state standards. we asked states to develop meaningful standards. we want -- someone who graduates from high school on to be able to qualify for state college admissions without remediation. or to the job ready. we asked states to provide their own standards. there is no national standard in terms -- and in terms of what to do about achievement gaps in schools not performing, we asked states -- we asked states to come up with a response. one of the problems of no child left behind was you had to do exactly that are a b, c and

that sometimes did not make sense. we ask states to come up with their own assessment. there is still local control but they are guideposts that you have to -- minimum standards you have to, up to. but the standards are set up by the states. third grade, that is an excellent point. you learn to read up to the third grade. after that, you read to learn. if you cannot read third grade you will not learn to read after. and once you get behind and cannot read, catching up is problematic. if goods you on a trajectory to dropping out of school, which has all kinds of complications. employment, criminal justice teen pregnancy. a lot of personages -- percentages of going off track increase intricately. host: charles on the republican

line. good morning. caller: good morning. i was listening to what mr. scott said. it was interesting he mentioned the events of 1954. i was in high school in 1955. people always looked at segregated schools and black schools as being inferior. we were given schoolbooks from thomas dale, who i'm certain mr. scott knows about. they were old books. we did not have new books. but we had the best group of teachers. they were segregated schools, but it was local control. when you have local control, you always have people who know what is happening in the area.

i guess you would say, federal government knows best. but the federal government knows what is going on in maine and l.a. in florida, but we live in virginia. i always believe that with enough money and enough educated people, good teachers, do not forget that we had segregated schools. they were coming out of segregated colleges. you know what i'm talking about. the only way you can deal with educated people -- people don't dwell on that. the teachers were sent there and run the meeting. the parents just had to sit there and listen. you know what i'm talking about. host: we will let our guest respond.

guest: teachers in the community are more likely to know the students and more likely to have parental involvement. the problem enrichment in my hometown of newport news and throughout the south and some northern areas was that the schools are racially segregated the suffering court -- were racially segregated the supreme court decided that it would establish that as the official policy. it inflicts upon schoolchildren a feeling of inferiority for the rest of their life. i do not think charles wants to go back to segregated schools that we had before 1954. we need to take advantage of all the advantages of local.

some localities are not going to do right. we need some standards, some assistance. some localities do not have the resources. that is what this is all about. he makes some good points, but i think we have to work within an integrated framework. we live in an integrated society. you're not going to be able to function as well unless you have an education from the integrated situation. host: doug is our next call. doug, go ahead. caller: hello, mr. scott, it is a pleasure to talk to you. i'm very curious to hear you talk about the funding for schools now, no child left behind, and also the current administration's school programs. they basically fine you for being impoverished.

if your's will district -- school district has a lot of poverty, and a lot of schools will be closed. to address that, there has to be another way of funding schools beside real state property taxes. they may be a hybrid way. the has to be some other way to even up the school system -- there has to be some other way to even up the school system where you can have a good side and other schools like in hampton. there has to be a way to equalize those schools based on funding so things can be more equal. also, overall reform of the schools and education itself -- i personally think that kids stay in school too long in terms of years for i was 18 and a half years old when i graduated. that is kind of old. i think it 16th, -- at 16, when

you start to lose kids anyway the last two years should be college prep for those who want to go to college and vocational school for those who want to do bricklaying or machine and mechanic work. overall reforms of the good, to -- would be good, too, but there's got to be a way to address inequality in the school system. host: thanks, doug. guest: after the 10th grade, you still need of additional education. studies show to get a decent job in american society that you need an education pass the high school level. 12 is not enough. you need additional training past that level. that is why we are proposing to years of free community college so you can get either vocational education or the academic all the way to a four year degree. that ought to be available to everyone.

one of the problems with going to a vocational track in the fifth grade is that you may not get all the academic training you may need. i think all the experts are saying that if you're going to go into the masonry or something like that that you ought to get the basic education whether it be communication skills or the stem education. you can get that in a vocational seven, but you still need that if you're going to function. whatever vocation you're going to, it shows that you're not going to get one job like he used to 50 years ago. no, you're going to have many jobs. if you lose that job, you need the basic educational background to learn the next job. a fundamental basic education is extremely important. 12 years frankly, according to most studies is not enough.

you need education and training after the 12th grade. you mentioned the funding. when you find schools look real state taxes, you're guaranteed to have unequal funding. you will have very wealthy areas to put more money in education that lower income areas. -- then lower income areas. it is much higher in nearby suppers. they still do not have the amount of money. they do not have the resources needed. more equitable funding mechanisms are necessary. you may have statewide rather than local real estate taxes. maybe if you had a state income tax funding the schools, that would give better treatment. host: harrisburg, pennsylvania. rob, you're up next. caller: good morning. i have several comments.

first of all, you talk about funding schools. he slipped two charts up -- put two charts up in the last 40 years ago. the united states for years ago, the students were number one or two or three in the world in math and science. now they are 20 and 35th. now you toss all this money into the black called education. our kids are declining. the reason is discipline. first off, he made the comment a while ago -- you don't get an education. you get a haircut. you sit in the barber's chair, you can fall asleep and get a haircut. you don't get an education. you earn it. do homework, research in the library. you have to pay attention in school and do your homework.

you don't get an education. you earn it. you have to pay attention in school. guest: when you talk about getting an education, and some schools where virtually all the students are a low grade level other schools are in much better grade level. if you are talking about an individual student, sure. they have responsibilities. nobody is achieving that it is the school system's problems. we need to improve education for everybody. host: if the senate bill passes could it be reconciled with the house bill? and is it something the president can sign? guest: i think there are some improvements. they have to get the funding straight in the assessment straight. we need to tighten up what they do after they determine there is an achievement gap. i think we may have to reconcile that in conference.

but there is no reason why we should not be able to get a decent bill. host: there is a story in "the washington post" about changes to states under the proposed title i amendment about where people can use the money. is that how it works? guest: depending on what is ultimately accepted, it is a block grant and you can use it how you want. some versions can use it for vouchers, which gets it out of the public school system. the whole point of title i is to put money in public schools where it is most needed. if you diverge it to block grants, it will be spent the way it has been spent. that is what we are trying to get away from. we are tried to focus money because low income areas have traditionally been underfunded. we recognize this. it takes more effort to get them

up to the 12th grade level. when you diverge money out of title i, you're taking money from where it's really needed. host: in pennsylvania on the independent line for our guest bobby scott. go ahead. caller: thank you for taking my call. for the representative, my comments are -- as you are a ranking member of the workforce committee, if you are call and look back at history as the great depression, fdr along with cooperation with congress created what is known as the wpa, the works project administration. and also the ccc. those two programs, which my grandfather was participating in prior to world war ii, or programs designed to get the unemployed and the struggling

with the help of the nation and congress to rebuild, to build roads, infrastructure whether it be turning a dirt road along 6/11 in pennsylvania or the poconos from a wagon trail to a wider transportation route. they built parks. they rebuilt the park system. they built national parks. there were all different programs in the country that these people would go to these basically work camps. not a work camp as we know them today, but camps where these men and women would go out and be paid and they would send the money home to their families. now with the way this country is today, with our infrastructure crumbling, with people losing their jobs, having to be returned and with the younger generation coming out of high

school with no hope for college why can't we as a country and you in congress have a little imagination and actually work to get to this problem with infrastructure? i've in pennsylvania in our roads are worse than some farm roads. -- i'm in pennsylvania and our roads are worse than some farm roads. you train these people and the department of transportation. you have a workforce. if someone is on unemployment for extended time, that person should be forced to join and serve on the wpa or the ccc where they are learning a trade, whether it be brick building a road resurfacing. host: we have to move on because we are running short of time. guest: frankly, you do not need much imagination. the experts have ascertained that we have three dolly -- $3

trillion unfortunately dollars -- or $4 trillion. you do not need to separate programs. you need to fund transportation. where are you going to get the money? that number in identified needs is almost exactly what we passed the tax cut extensions three years ago. we had the money but if you spent it all on tax cuts, you don't have it for transportation. you do not need much imagination to put people back to work. we had trillions of dollars in needs. we can invest more in research and education. education not only gives us a better educated workforce and more productivity, but in the meanwhile, you have to hire teachers to provide the education. the professors that the community colleges need and things like that. to invest in infrastructure, you can put a lot of people back to

work, but not if you are spending it all on tax cuts. give or take, there are around 10 million people on unemployment today, looking for jobs and can't find jobs. one half of $1 trillion to hire everybody at $50,000 -- half $1 trillion. that is a tenure figure. it is $3.9 trillion in tax cut expenditures. we have the money. but if you spend it all in tax cuts, you will not have it for infrastructure. there's no imagination needed. its allocation of the resources we have. host: we will have one more call and that is thomas in louisiana. caller: congressman bobby scott what i was looking that is that if you have kids that are in

school and are starting at the 11th grade level, and companies would hire them during the summer to give them an idea as to where they want to go, do you understand what i'm saying? guest: i know exactly what you mean and summer jobs are an important component of a person's life cycle. when the have summer jobs in the summer growing up, they are more likely to have jobs later on. they learn the job skills. some of the job skills are things like knowing how to take orders and how to show up and how to work in a team. these are skills that you learned that serve you for the rest of your life. as opposed to sitting around and doing nothing all summer. that is what experts call a summer slide. many students when they are doing nothing during the summer forget what they learn. they leave in june and come back

sometimes as much as two months behind what they were to begin with. some activity can go a long way. -- summer activity can go a long way in keeping people acted. if you are not losing time during the summer, you'll be better off after 12 years. host: when does the reactivation of take place -- have to take place? guest: about three years ago. we passed it in late 2001 and early 2002. it should have been reauthorized in 2006 or 2007. it's about eight years overdue. host: and it will not happen anytime soon in your mind? guest: what has happened is that we have gone along. if problems have occurred, states have been given waivers. funding has continued.

functionally, it is working not well. we need to upgrade and get rid of the mistakes and we need to get the funding straight. in terms of what it

>> >> look at where their eyeballs are going. but the technology has changed maliki walking tour room of 60 year olds olds, they're looking at

their phone so for those who want to reach the next generation or into the future to see political advertising would ever the latest team is key in the crash may be fading but there's always something new. finding ways to get your message in front to people where they pay attention is important [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> the committee on space will come to order without objection the shares authorized to declare a recess at any time. good morning. welcomed touche today's hearing titled the international space station in front of your packets containing the written testimony biography in trip truth and testimony disclosure for today's witnesses for recognize myself for five minutes for an opening statement. of life to welcome everyone to t and thank our menaces to take time to appear before our committee. since 2013 the eyases program has experienced a number of challenges.

as a can-do nation america has been committed to identifying challenges and addressing them to reach out our goal and destiny. we have the same commitment with the iss astronauts have experienced water leaks in their suits three times with one occurring during a spacewalk. on april 26, the unmanned russian vehicle damage the radar detector while docking with the iss. j ray 14, a false alarm of the ammonia leak caused the crew to retreat into the russian segment. october 28, the orbital cargo launch failed just after launch. april 28, a separate russian cargo vehicle failed to reach the iss.

june 7th 2015 a real boost of the iss of a doctor vehicle failed but eventually was successful after troubleshooting. on june 10, a visiting vehicle fired ended june without being commanded. most recently june 28, t6 an unmanned cargo launch failed as well. all of these highly the challenges of operating in space. they remind us that the nasa contractors and engineers and astronauts must be vigilant they have challenged operations but the fact that the program could effectively respond to the setbacks is a testament to nasa, the iss partners and contractors. we do not know the root cause the ones we have more

reformation we are better suited to review those events. in the meantime this allows us to evaluate the status of the iss cover review efforts of the the cassettes to assess the prospects for future operations. it is one of the most complex and expensive man-made objects ever built the taxpayers invest approximately $3 billion per year in his laboratory. we must insure every dollar is spent effectively and efficiently. of the iss offers a unique microgravity environment for scientists and engineers to utilize. nasa released benefits to humanity this week detailing the benefits it provides to our lives here on earth with understanding of human health and performance the

use of new material of robotics and satellites the benefits we received are many and diverse in remarkable. in addition to the benefits here under that offers the condition necessary to prepare and develop critical technology for deep space and long duration human spaceflight mission. successive to utilize the iss for this purpose that human research program advanced exploration system program is on the cutting edge to develop the systems that we need to send humans ever deeper into the solar system than before. right now captain kelly is on day 104 of the yearlong mission to study the effects of long duration human spaceflight. in addition to the research program, the authorization

act of 2005 designated part of the iss as a national lab traneighteen the administration to sign a cooperative agreement with a nonprofit to manage debt. with the vincent of science and space are cases to lead the effort. the gao noted there was great strides to fulfill the mandate under the law but more work needed to be done to ensure measurable progress was made in a quantifiable manner. i hope to hear from nasa today the agency is making progress to your answering the recommendation from gao. if we keep an eye on the present operation utilization, we must also look to the future last year the administration now

support for the program from 2020 through 2020 for. at present, a federal law limits of life of the iss through 2020 and action from congress to extend it comedy administration would be required but the bipartisan house passed the authorization act to require the administration to provide a report to congress on efforts by the administration to utilize the iss to quantify benefits for the required investment for this extension. it also requires a administration to develop a government wide utilization to insure that every minute the facility is in orbit we're doing what we can to get the most out of it.

these reports are critical for congress to understand the issues whether to extend the iss. the committee has a responsibility to ensure the american taxpayers are getting all they can from every dollar they sent to the federal government. i believe this investment is worth while and the benefits far outweigh the cost. support for the iss and its operations is not a partisan issue it is an american issue afford to working with my friends on either side of the aisle with our partners to understand how we can all meet the operational challenges facing the eyases program. i now recognize the ranking member from maryland for an opening statement. >> good morning welcome to the panel.

i appreciate holding this hearing to address the operational challenges beyond the iss and i am reminded that the challenges that to operate that international space station i am more concerned if we could not overcome some of those challenges and it is a credit to the crew and the partners. one year-ago i sat in this room to look on the screen to have the opportunity to communicate with the crew on board the iss including the astronauts from maryland for promised him crag -- crabcakes and unfortunately one of those accidents destroyed my crab cake delivery by he visited with me a couple weeks ago and we

made a bouquet of that. but what happens when you connect realtime is the but to be above every 90 minutes is an inspiration so some of those schoolchildren have had the opportunity to ask questions to learn about human space flight. but yet within the throes of the laboratory we can forget just how difficult and demanding and risky it is to operate the iss because sometimes rethink it is ordinary beverly it is extraordinary. with the malfunctions to those key systems with human

health hazards pose a significant risk to the facility and the crew. the unfortunate loss of the cargo resupply mission along with the earlier loss of russian progressivity cargo mission are stark reminders of the risks and challenges that nasa and a and its partners have to face. the success of management for more than 50 years is the testament to our international partners i am confident spacex in collaboration with the faa and nestle identified and resolve the problem that led to the launch failure so they can resume supplies as soon and as mr. chairman we don't have time to spare. it is a temporary relief facility having given that

the and that the cost is projected to increase we need to insure that our vision is clear in goals and objectives are aligned with the viciousness. i am we were her consent but now with their researchers but he has struck a new commercial and put that international space station and cargo as well as the

crew time what can be accomplished at the station and in every kurd. but there is critical work to be done and technology development that needs to be carried as an if we make promised to send humans to mars the promise to extend operations through 2024. finished -- there is three extensions to support but those of which we see here to give but the cargo and

crew allows them to focus on exploration of deep space. so mr. jury have a lot to discuss in thank you for being here and with that i yield back. >> and now recognize the ranking member of the full committee for a statement, the gentlelady from texas stemming thank you for holding this hearing on the international space station and a really is an important topic of afford to the testimony of our fellow witnesses. no boarder that and is to be

an incredible engineering achievement. but these will have impact of the program. we need to understand those as well as a plan to deal with them going for word and we need to know if there are lessons learned that need to be applied to the challenging crew transportation program. it is a commodity and we need to be clear on what nasa needs to accomplish while it is still operational.

but there is a significant opportunity cost we need to assure the iss is used in a way to maximize the productivity and in addition a flurry of our to insure their research and technology we must make the necessary investments that we are serious about supporting. >> we have a lot to discuss today i'll look forward to a productive hearing. i yield back.

>> if members wish to submit opening statements they would be added to the record at this point. at this time never bite to introduce our witnesses. mr. gerstenmaier the associate administrator for human exploration in mission director at nasa. second is mr. elbon general manager of space exploration testifying third is the honorable but our third witness the acting director of requisition says time the we witnessed an and the writ

written statement will be part of the record for cry now recognizes mr. gerstenmaier. >> thinking for the opportunity to testify am behalf of myself and the men and women that work on the international space station this is one of the most talented -- talented and dedicated team in the world is an amazing research facility today there are 329 research investigations in progress they span topics of human research how the human body performs them basic biology and technology physical science certain space and technology development and education there has never been this group of research performed on this basis and we are in the midst of a one-year crew expedition that will give is

detailed information with the human adaptation into the space environment matches equal to approximately the transit time to mars to see how the human genome exposed to microgravity we have up. >> ken novak private companies those that have used the iss. there was a user's conference in boston as this is an exciting time as many researchers are seeing the advantage. the growth is exciting and shows there is an interesting use those unique properties of space to have basic research opportunities. it provides a unique window and further the human body

reacts with many conditions that mimic conditions facing the elderly like beaumont's or immune system degradation their unique insights with treatments for the elderly can be developed based on space station research. in the past nine months three cargo vehicles were lost the shows the difficulties of operating in space they have different designs heritage and manufacturing to utilize different aspect trajectories and the failure of the systems shows the difficulty of launching and operating in space we think it is only to under 2 miles away and it is easy but that is not true we are operating on the edge of the engineering capability and often think if we provided

more insight we could lower the cost of cargo delivery. in a manner, each but the inside but to make sure we could end up with better designs. >> pretty then after words but they are implementing the hard lessons from the columbia tragedy where it had to operate for several years. that rand management process learned they're proving their worth from whom some

of the agency forint - - performance goals but then to have the iss operate with the crew for three weeks longer them planned with research hours the impact also has implications to those who lost cargo on the fly only to lose the replacement in return to flight hardware again on the spacex flight. though loss of the docking adaptor could be accommodated without impacting the true ted to

conserve as private put in future years to operate under a french year is not easy for russia but others need to understand the benefits of how it can be used to provide robustness said it will take launder to realize with the benefits will exceed the expectations of all involved. are like to think the committee for their support to human spaceflight especially with the commercial curve and and look forward to your

questions. thank you. thank you. >> now i recognize teeeighteen for five minutes >> chairman and ranking member and members of the subcommittee they queue florida day opportunity to ruth justified to provide an update on the international space station and with boeing. congratulations in your selection going is prior to support nasa in the assembly of the iss. the prime contractor delivering pediments of the iss to provide integration for the assembly of all international elements. we continue with rabil today. on november 2nd to the rules will celebrate 15 years of continuous presence in space with international

cruz living and working aboard the i assess when many would cry a gap in the space program as we transition me know that america and the partner nations are making advances every day. the international space station is recognized as the largest most complex scientific engineering project in history with the largest endeavor in space. ongoing improvements make it better for the station brought together hardware and software from 16 countries around the globe in 37 states with 37 suppliers. the size of an american football field is larger than a six bedroom house to have the internal pressurized volume of the 747 from a shining example of what could be achieved for the unity of purpose.

as the contractor boeing is responsible to insure the of full availability for the international partners and private companies and to perform this role we work with nasa over the past 10 years we have reduced the cost has enabled the improvement with the docking system with the commercial vehicles. with the peak efficiency with performance well into the future. with the major card where components the study indicates and long-term

viability is the important factor for researchers at have considerable time invested for operations in pro in with their research capabilities is the utilization to enable continuing kim is space exploration in the quality of life here on earth. iss continues to be used to support deep space exploration and to address needs for future exploration and did a test bed for how the body reacts to weightlessness to develop countermeasures.

all these things are important before we explore further into the solar system for research has led to improvements from the medical field to observations to provide clean water an underdeveloped countries to how we diagnosed injury patients in remote areas. i have had opportunities for those who did not have the space program and without exception in nearly every one of these conversations these leaders expressed a strong desire to be involved in space and to inspire the youth with high technology and a significant source of national pride to recognize the tremendous vallejo to

all who are charged with said national asset. we must ever take what we have for granted to be sure the iss is well founded and operated in fully utilized. i look forward to your questions. >> i now recognize mr. martin for five minutes. >> thanks for inviting us to be part of us a discussion to maximize research on day iss as time for a topic over the past eight months the office of inspector general related to the topic of today's hearing including reviews that examine nasa's plans to extend operations through 2024 and those of

the crew with five more reviews to manage health for extended exploration and the challenges to cooperation in space. the audience laugh september to extend the iss reported the agency had identified the zero major obstacles through 2024 but we found there must address technical challenges with adequate power generation in light of degradation as well as a limited ability to transport replacement parts. while officials estimate the annual budget of three and $4 billion through 2024 we anticipate the cost to be higher. first much is attributable

to higher transportation costs. we found nasa's estimates for cargo optimistic. second, most agency international partners have yet to commit to operations beyond 2020 and a decision by one or more not to participate will the jump of the cost for nasa the number one operational risk for the program is to ensure the availability to deliver supplies. while nasa is working with providers for redundancy flights are now on hold pending the outcome of fax an investigation but this failed cargo flights is in three ways but i never went to reduce crew time due to a temporary delay and read

turning the crew complement. by increasing cost to replace the lost research and number three to relate the return of experiments to to a suspension of flights by 86 the only a company capable to bring curve go back to earth because it is a research platform through long-term habitation is the important part to send him is beyond the low corporate. utilization of the iss for research has increased over the years but several factors limit the full potential. as an astra is brought aboard nationals -- nasa is in position to use of crude time to devote to research and also a tour reconfigure

the iss tarot figure those commercial vehicles that will transport astronauts beginning 2017. last year nestle hoarded 6.$8 billion in contracts to the wing and spacex to complete development of their systems but it faces significant hurdles including and stable funding , the need to provide timely requirements in certification documents thank coordination issues of other agencies. given the importance it initiated a follow-up audit to review the status of the commercial program. that concludes my prepared remarks. >> i now recognize ms. oakley. >> good morning chairman, a ranking member and members of the subcommittee. they give for inviting me here today to discuss the

work on asset management of the international space station. as you build united states has spent tens of billions of dollars to develop and assemble the space station over the last two decades. we could spend billions more to further capitalize on the investment given the potential extension of operation through 2024. today i will look at the three areas and finally the the steps to better document progress in this regard. nasa continues to make a significant investment each year that is projected to increase over the next five years mainly because the iss program will begin to fund commercial curve flights. in 2020 transportation cost will be over 55 percent of

of $4 billion budget. on my transportation costs costs, cost to operate and conduct research are projected to remain relatively stable through in 2020 per officials have indicated the funding priority is cruz safety a transportation, and maintaining facilities and research and as a result any increases to transportation cost could diminish available funding for research. furthermore the potential increases to the iss budget as a result of 2024 are unknown. nasa faces several challenges to negatively affect efforts to increase use of iss for science including failures and delays some limited progress to raise additional funding for research increase crude time and facilities they

have had a direct impact on the effort to increase research on iss. delays have already resulted in a loss of sponsored research and increased cost of beverages thousand dollars and do not forget your crabcakes. additional increases are likely as a result of the most recent failure to absorb these increases has san continue to of the challenging to raise additional funds for science from the external forces. for example those that receive contributions but to face an increase of commitment specifically in 2014 received commitments of over $12 million.