equestration and uncertainty in the fiscal environment, budget environment. that is the greatest thing we can do together is put in place a long-term predictable stream of funding. >> thank you for that. i look at a little more parochial now with my marines in north carolina. i know the commandant of the marine corps has frequently stated the combatant command requirement for amphibious shift in the minimum is 38. we are at 30 operating today and it doesn't look like we will obtain an amphibious fleet of more than dirty for across 30 years of ship and plans. are you concerned with that and what more do we need to do what can congress do to help you overcome the shortfall? >> this is an area where navy marine corps have been

discussing another life together although the requirement is 38 the current fiscal environment will drive us to 34. i appreciate the assistance of congress and getting us to 34 to address the gap between the requirement and what we can resource. we are looking at augmenting our last with other platforms. gray holes are absolutely the requirement for the high-end threat but there may be applications and opportunities >> i want to tell you i look forward to your confirmation. i wholeheartedly support it. i would ask questions about concerns in the arctic may have a feeling my colleague here is going to do a better job of that

than i can because he's got a birds eye view. it is an area we share concern and i would appreciate your support and addressing all of our concerns. thank you, mr. chairman. thank you, mr. chairman. thank you for being here and for your service. i'm grateful for your family service as well. we are pleased to have you in front of this committee. i want to talk about combat integration. i strongly believe we should have appropriate standards that meet the needs of physicians and allowed anyone who meets those standards to do those jobs. according to advance policy questions and maybe will provide everett report to the secretary of defense and 2015 with validation of standards is gender-neutral. 95% are already open to men and women and my understanding is the remaining positions or special operations positions. can you tell me how you were a work to assess if you let me to ask for in a fashion and what if

anything would leave you to ask for an exception particularly with regard to the navy seal. >> ma'am, it is true currently we have more than 95% of the jobs outbid as you said two women already. i was privileged to be commander of the submarine force and that has gone spectacularly. they've really done a terrific job. those discussions must begin with mission effectiveness i'm interested in any plan that would improve our effectiveness in those areas. we have just a special operations forces that remain to be evaluated. i'm not familiar with details of the discussions but it's confirmed i'm looking forward to getting involved to make sure we give everybody a fair opportunity. >> thank you. a related issue of sexual

assault in the military remains quite high and one of the biggest concerns the committee shares as the rate of retaliation that all those who reported 62% were retaliated against the same rate as it was two years ago. retaliation takes many forms. 53% experience social retaliation. appear at 35% with adverse action. 32% experienced professional retaliation and 11% received punishment or an infraction. arguably half of the retaliation is coming from the chain of command or some command structure. i would urge you to look carefully at the issue of retaliation because unfortunately the effect is less survivors come forward and if you have less survivors coming forward have less cases to investigate and you'll come back

less. i want to give you a thumbnail sketch of data with scott from one naval base. the year of 2013 at camp pendleton 15 cases were considered. to court-martial charges, too convicted of sexual assault. two out of 15 went forward. what we know about the crime of rape. and those cases you were on the able to get 10% to move forward. i think we have to do better in terms of doing investigations and assessing viability of witnesses and credibility of witnesses and bring in more cases to trial because two out of 15 is not raise rates. those are challenges you will have with committees they're interested. i hope you make a commitment you will work with me and the rest

of us it does result in people live in the military. they are experiencing assaults in their own ranks. >> ma'am, you have my full commitment i will spare no effort to eliminate. we can't rest until it is eliminated from services. i can't think of anything more toxic due to mark than an insider threat that preys upon the confidence of team members. i'm fully devoted to eliminating us. >> the lower command structures in the last survey by men responded to experiencing some form of sexual harassment and discrimination. 60%. there is an issue with some commanders they really need to trade better to eradicate harassment and discrimination because it creates a negative climate that perhaps is more permissive towards sexual

assault. >> i think that is absolutely the most productive battleground. we will solve this with the officers in the space is and will eliminate not only sexual assault, but precursor behaviors. >> for the record i will submit a question about cyber. my question will be what career path to use the per members at the navy who want to make cybertheir career? >> yes, i look forward to that. >> thank you. great to see your family. my father was also a navy officer, also father six games. and i joined marine corps he reminded on a daily basis the marine corps was the department of the navy. >> at history. >> o. make sure he knows that. >> i do want to touch on the

arctic, the actual numbers are one icebreaker for the united states about 40 are building five or six new ones. some of the nuclear powered. we are completely not even in the game and you know the importance. i must admit i was disappointed by your answer to senator king because what i see happening is the arctic ice breakers are becoming a bureaucratic football. for example, four months ago asked assistant secretary secretary of the navy statically to give me a straight up answer on the art that come on ice breakers. while it's a little bit of the coast guard round. is that in the national interest of the united states to have more than one icebreaker when russians tried on the art day. what your answer? >> the answer is clearly yes.

>> when he did not keep talking about. i've never got an answer. four months ago i never got answer. we need to know do we need it, how many and how to make it there? novartis the coast guard's problem. in the 70s the navy supplied icebreakers to the contrary wasn't it? >> yes i believe so. >> would need to get the bureaucratic red tape. it's clearly in the national interest. everybody stayed to need to move forward and quit doing a football back and forth between the navy and coast guard. would you agree with that? >> i'm not interested in a bureaucratic approach. we need to have a plan of action and i look forward if confirmed to working with partners in the coast guard to address in real terms. >> would be good to hear back from assistant secretary statically. he said he would get back to me and never has. a real quick question, yes or no

answer. we have an amendment supporting the pacific rebalanced aside it was a sense of the congress that services should increase force posture to give credibility to the rebalanced. should services be free to ignore the defense guidance of the congress? yes or no. in the nba. >> no. >> i want to draw your attention and this relates to china's reclamation activities in the south china sea. this is an example of 18 months before and after the fiery cross breeze. i'm sure you are familiar. it is actually 2.7 million square meters, 505 football fields 3000-meter airstrip long enough for any prc military

aircraft. it is just a huge one of their large reclamation projects. we were recently in singapore, a number of bus on the shangri-la dialogue and secretary carter gave a speech that i thought was quite strong on what our policy is. but there seems to be a confusion in the policy. secretary carter's dated we will continue to fly sale and operate whatever international law allows. after turning an underwater rock into an airfield simply does not afford the rights of sovereignty or permit restrictions on international maritime transit. however commander harris stated

it is u.s. policy to afford a 12 minute limit around the islands in the south china sea and a long-standing and not because they're occupied by china but just in general. he later clarified his statement to include islands in formations. first of all that's a very confusing policy. do you think we need to clarify that and do you think admiral harris' statement is just a de facto record nation china's reclamation strategy and visiting your best professional judgment, should we be sailing within 12 nautical miles and not allowing the facts on the ground strategy to be changed by china to essentially recognize fiery cross breeze and other places. it's an important issue and

there's no clarification from the white house state department. secretary carter and admiral harris' statements are very contradict or he. that kind of uncertainty can relate miscalculations. >> i think it is absolutely important the navy continued to be president to provide presidentpresident s and there is the matter of routine in international waters. we do have to respect legitimately claim territorial boundaries. secretary carter and admiral harris would agree with me there. >> does that mean respect demand in terms of the 12 michael mile radius? >> i have to look at exactly which of those claims are legitimate. there's competing claims down there but the bottom line is we

need to understand the truth come and make it clear in the present so we don't get shouldered out of the south china sea. >> i will be submitting questions to make sure the policy of the united states is clarified because right now it's very murky. >> good luck. senator blumenthal. thank you, mr. chairman. i join senator sullivan and hoping this issue is clarified because it is so important to our national security and i biked to work within and seeking additional answers and i recognize the answers will involve more than just your input and contribution. but on your contribution thank you for the great work you've done throughout your career to assure the sub rain forest is unmatched in the world and its power, style and strength and i want to thank you and your family for your service and ask you first of all whether you can

commit to coming back to our subbase there is one of your first official visits after your confirmed as i expect he will be. >> the ohio replacement program come you probably know more about it than most anyone else in the navy and our department of defense and i believe you are committed to it personally and professionally. is that correct? >> absolutely, senator. >> in that regard, as the number one priority in the united states navy the price tag is likely the range of $100 billion which seems staggering and obviously has to be met even though the navy has other programs other modernization effort and shipbuilding

projects. have you given any thought about how that will be possible? >> as you and i have discussed this is a critical program and we are doing everything in the navy to make sure we not only get requirements right in stable but do we treat targets like any other performance parameter and we are driving on a good track to achieve all of the cost targets. having said that it will be a significant investment, when i believe must be done. if we absorb the cost within the navy, double and a tremendous price in terms of other was on its abilities and ships and aircraft. i don't want to leverage that on our sister services so i look forward to working closely together with the department and congress to address this. >> it should be seen as a challenge for entire national

defense, not just the navy because the contributions to our defense range well beyond sea power. >> yes, sir. i would agree. >> let me move to another aspect of the navy's combat capability. they asked 35 according to analysis i've seen would be six times more effect than legacy fighters in air to air combat, five times more effect to six times more effective in reconnaissance and defense is another investment a good word and appropriate one to use in our national defense. i noted the fy 2016 badger request included 16 fewer f-35 aircraft in the last three years

in the defense planned dan were anticipated one year before. can you shed some light on that request and also i would appreciate your assurance that as 35 is still a priority for the navy. >> the neighbor remains committed as an essential part of our future air wings. it is the aircraft designed from the ground up to address the fifth-generation challenges in information warfare. we do remain committed to that. the adjustments in the president's budget request again reflect the extremely difficult choices we are making to balance the best way to address the national security challenges within the resources provided. >> and the ave. 35 like the ohio replacement program --

obviously sharing in the cost and benefits of it and i am hoping the strategy here will be a combined department of defense commitment to the investment required. >> of confirmed i look forward to exploring those options. >> thank you good i look forward to seeing you. thank you very much. thank you to your family as well. thank you, mr. chairman. thank you, mr. chairman. add earl we appreciate the opportunity to have you with us. i believe you have the background and dedication and character to lead on the navy and this congress i am confident will support you. i hope you understand you have to give us the straight facts tell us what you believe in if there are problems bring them forward to us. i believe congress will respond if in any way possible.

as he is committed in your written answers, will you give your best judgment to the president of the united states and to congress about the issues of which you are inquired of? >> yes, sir, i will. be that thank you for that. i see you've had a background as a squatter in another effort, other commands. do you feel that will assist u.s. we deal with the ohio class development? >> yes, sir. i do. >> it is the ideas you bring to bear on development of the ohio class which we all know is important and essential, but also with custom budget constrictions out there that are going to place the program in jeopardy if we don't watch it.

more than a lot of programs, failure on the beginning to get it right in the procurement process could endanger the program. give us your thoughts about what you think needs to be done as we go forward. >> yes, sir. you've got it right there you've got to the requirements that and the navy has done that. we are working towards providing a mature design so you have to have production so you're not doping production and i hope to provide a bill plan that would allow for a stable and predictable funding that allows the navy to work closely with the ship though there is to provide a production line the results and the lowest cost per unit. >> most of us have come to

understand how unpredictability and insurgency in alterations of schedule can drive up cost. sometimes congress, sometimes the department of defense. other times the contractors have to be held to account. will you help us remain committed to maintaining the kind of schedule that keeps costs at the lowest level? >> absolutely. what we have found is we've got tremendous commitment on the part of the ship boulders. they are as committed as we are and there are ample opportunities to deliver high-end war fighting capability at the appropriate price delivers the capability required for the nation and provide

businesses a chance to thrive as well. >> you made reference earlier to the triad nuclear defense triad, aircraft submarines, land-based icbm marines. do you think that remains a critical part of our defense structure? >> yes, i do. >> i guess you are familiar with those concerns. you are correct. congress believes you are correct. i hope you will keep us informed on not because someone suggests otherwise. the idea big mistake at this point in time. you and i have the opportunity to discuss the efficiencies. several of the armed services committee and budget committees feel the tensions there very intensely. the defense department with each service is committed to

maintaining personnel levels. they fear their personnel level drop they will be diminished in influence and power. tell me are you committed to maintaining the defense navy fleet at the level it needs to be on maintaining personnel levels that private businesses have to do lean productive. >> but we deliver his capability and as the environment and technological environment changes there's new opportunities that open up for our people. we want to make sure we keep people employed in the best possible way doing things people do best. i am committed to making sure we do that in the lead and agile

fashion as possible. >> i hope you will keep us informed on how we can help you achieve that goal. thank you mr. chairman. >> admiral we thank you for your testimony this morning and we thank you for responding with your personal opinion when requested. taken on a very difficult task. i am sure you are well-qualified and attempt to to make sure that your nomination is confirmed after we depart for bill deserved august recess. this hearing is adjourned. >> thank you sir. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> we are facing the prospect of smaller scale attacks given how this whole thing is evolving. but we face the prospect of that day today.

in a lot of places in this country. as i think jim pointed out abdul transfer was not on our radar. i would not consider chattanooga to be a high risk area. we are facing small-scale attacks day today. the alarming longer-term phenomenon we have to be concerned about what isil is anytime a terrorist organization with that level of resources in excess of 30,000 fighters with foreign fighters pouring into syria and that level of depravity establishing territory, an attempt to establish a caliphate in iraq and syria so that the large dangerous terrorist organization has a place to base train send

operatives. that is a huge homeland security concern, so that is the longer-term phenomenon that we see and are very concerned about, which is why in addition to the basic homeland security concern we seek day today. >> homeland security secretary jeh johnson in colorado. watch the remarks in their entirety tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span2.

..

>> the republican presidential candidates are in manchester, new hampshire, for the voters first presidential forum on monday at 70 eastern. c-span throw to the white house that provided live coverage on

c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. the "new hampshire union leader" are sponsoring this forum. following the live forum you can provide your input by joining our call-in program or add new comment on facebook and twitter. road to the white house 2016 on c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. >> next, florida senator and republican presidential candidate marco rubio on foreign policy. he spoke earlier at furman university in south carolina for about one hour. >> well, thank you all for being here. i tell you i believe, senator 2016 is about electing a commander-in-chief who is prepared to do what it takes to keep this country safe so we can remain free. you've been a very vocal and outspoken in your criticism of the iran deal. let's say that there is a

president lugo in january 2017. how do you deal with iran -- president rubio. >> i would say how we were versatile to type what we will do instead. it is no deal at all because the first thing about the iran deal that we need to understand as it releases billions of dollars in frozen assets and fans of iran. what will iran do with that money? rebuild roads and bridges and schools and charities? no. they would with a of always done. invested in terrorism, sponsorship of hezbollah sponsorship of shia militias in iraq sponsorship of the 14th of february movement in bahrain, sponsorship of the houthis. they will develop the conventional capability, destroyed an american aircraft carrier by buying chinese technologies to do. and thereby posing the risk of a blockade in the straits of hormuz in the persian gulf. effort to develop a long range rockets and their nuclear weapons program.

why would you build long-range icbms? only one reason. put a nuclear warhead on it. and i can put a man on the mound or send a probe to mars. bill brady the long range rockets is but a nuclear warhead on it and that she does everything we need to know. the u.s. congress impose sanctions on iran and on individuals and banks and other sectors of the economy. those sanctions are in the books today. what this president is going to be is he's going to use and national security waiver in that law to lift those sanctions. what i'm president we will reimpose those sanctions can renew the national security waiver and countries around the world and companies to do business and event will have a choice to make. they can have access to the arena economy or access to the american economy but they will not have access to both. not only will reimpose those sanctions i hope we can add additional tariffs, additional banks and indices to the sanctions list and we will continue to do that until iran

realize they have a simple choice. they can have an economy or a nuclear weapons program but they cannot have both. that's the position you we find ourselves in over the next couple of years. >> the nuclear threat, you talked about the icbm threat from iran. here in greenville, south carolina, and on the east coast we have a land-based missile defense capability. >> i think it begins in your. it's the first opportunity for us to intercept a launch. i think that helps is not just against the threat of an iranian weapons also the existing threat of a russian attack which today as ludicrous as it may sound we are on the verge of a second cold war. by vladimir putin choice not because of arthur i think the ability to protect our allies and the u.s. begins with a missile defense system in europe as the first line definitive. i deeply than east coast sister is important for for our country as well. we're living in an era where the

proliferation of long-range missiles is going to move rapidly north korea now possesses them and improving their targeting capability. russia has been, china has been and iran is trying to get the. this will be an era of missile defense. we need to be prepared. >> the russian bear is back with vladimir putin how do you work with are key allies to confront him? >> it's important understand economic russia is not a global power. they are militarily. 90% of the world's nuclear weapons enhance of a trend in russia so that allowed is a reason to be concerned. our chorus that with the russian people. it's with vladimir putin who has decided he's going the way he will reposition russia once again as a global power alleys in his mind is to split europe, undermined europe, tries to undermine nato and challenge the united states. he has made a decision that awaits going to become prominent in the world is by obstructing working against us and were in

the. innocents he's begun to creep problems that only the consultant solve and/or to position himself as a great global leader. leader. he armed and equipped this year machine and then when they conduct these chemical attacks all he is in a position to broker a deal to get and abandoned weapons which they haven't done. they're still using chlorine gas. this is the way he positions himself and his president has fallen into that trap. >> we went out on socially asking people to send their questions in. we received one question from as far away as sweden, so we've gotten some interest on national security here. the question was this. how do we stop the expansion of fisa's? >> personal you stop the expansion waste of expansion of any radical jihadists group and energy deny them a safe haven from which to operate. in order for javascript to grow, prosper, recruit, train companies or to operate from. al-qaeda needed the

sponsorship of the taliban to plan 9/11 and isis did syria, the uncertain stability there in iraq, libya and other places as an operational space. we have to deny them these operations basis. the next place i social focus on his afghanistan. you see within afghanistan and battle between isis and the taliban to become the predominant sunni radical movement on the ground in afghanistan. as america retreats from different parts of afghanistan isis this movie and an approving their capabilities as well. we have to target them in their safe haven. serious and iraq but i think there needs to be expanded to include the areas of libya. i also think where to begin to think about confront them in afghanistan as well. not to mention all these groups around the world of no pledge allegiance to isis. confronted them in confront them on the ground are awfully quick to increase air assaults against him and it's an important

integrating their logistical capabilities, ability to resupply et cetera but in the short term subjected to high profile humiliating defeats so we can reverse this global narrative that isis is unstoppable. that's out there attracting recruits. they put a very well produced video's on social media and the message they're sending young jihadists around the world is join us we are unstoppable. we have to prove that wrong. i think special operations attacks in nation with increased airstrikes is important in the short term. in a long-term isis must be defeated on the ground and i think ideally defeat on the ground by local forces including sunnis themselves. who will confront the militarily with our help. including the help of american special operators. but also with intelligence support and logistical support airstrikes and targeting that will allow a combination of egyptian, jordanian, saudis sunnis of iraq and kurds and others to confront them and

defeat them on the ground and take back the territory they now control. >> talk about social media. how do we find isis on social media? >> part of it is defeating them in the propaganda battle. every war in our history savvy propaganda element to it. if you go back and look at the old news from report to where we are constantly propping up the american people, pointing out the successes we had and, of course, the nazis and others invested heavily in propaganda. vladimir putin invest heavily in propaganda throughout the world. there's a television network you may or may not a thing called russia debate on some cable systems. it is run by the kremlin. it spreads propaganda and to think it's important for for the us to also win the information battle. it does begin by subjecting into human defeats and advertising it to the world. we should target them online. there's a reason why country as a country we should all isis unfettered access to facebook, twitter and all sorts of other

platforms. not just to attract recruits. >> is no report of isis mabus me as 100 youth jihad is training camps. what can we do with regards to young people? what can we do to combat that? >> offer them open his country you need, and the united states around the world? >> both. >> around the world we have some people in the united states better than radicalized online for a lot of different reasons. some of these are just disenchanted quite frankly losers are looking to be part of something bigger than themselves and this movement has attracted others have a weird convergence that they been radicalized and isis into microsoft high profile successful radical jihadists of it on the planet and they seek to join or carry out attacks inspired by. that's why this whole idea that we need to defeat them in the information war is important. globally it's important as well

to deny them the operating for the chance to take root. that's why it's so important sunnis themselves participate in the defeat of isis. isis is a radical sunni movement. it finds its strength from disaffected sunni youth so it's important to work with our sunni allies in the region here people need is the isis in defeated by fellow sunnis that this is not just a western crusade as you western crusade as electric collar against islam. these are sunni muslims themselves who, rally against a radical violence abhorrent system. i think that's a critical part of this. >> we have four dimensions of warfare. now we have a cyber. it's going to come like death by a thousand hacks. how do we win the cyberwar? >> helped improve the quality of our cyber defenses. both government agencies so they do not employ the 21st century best practices. if you compare the cyber defense of a private sector firm to it most federal agencies have we are well behind.

two to three generations down. one of the emerging challenges of the 21st century for the next commander-in-chief is to improve the cyber defense capability of our government agencies but also the past a cyber village i hope we will do in the next couple of weeks in the u.s. senate that will help us put more information sharing with the private sector cyber is evolving and so once you solve one problem five new wind turbine created. by innovative hackers. we need to stay at the cutting edge that will require us to be able to share best practices of information, information between government and the private sector. i think we need to improve our cyber offensive capabilities. mutually assured destruction that existed during the cold war on the nuclear front is something that's important insider as well. that will be effective when it comes to relationship vis-à-vis other nation-states like china and russia. i think it's important not that deterrence and social work but it's important that the cyber

capability to knock out the building of a radical group like isis are transnational criminal group to conduct operations in cyberspace. you talk about some the other areas critical to that is space defense because our potential adversaries realize it doesn't matter how advanced our technology may be if they can destroy a blind our satellite. our guidance systems don't work argumentation systems don't work. we lose the technological high ground that is so dependent on the satellites and on cyberspace cyberspace. >> recent cyber attack on office of personnel management by the senator akaka but for or five months to discover it. how would a rubio administration deal with this? >> i think it's important that we admit it. this initiation has said it was the chinese. that's important. beyond it is important there be a reciprocal response. if we're going to be attacked and cyber by china with to show

a willingness to do the same. i do want to get into a cyberwar but i'm telling you unilateral disarmament, encourages other nations to do more. the chinese believe the cost of cyber warfare are not outweighed, are outweighed by the benefits. they think they gain more their lives and if they can get away with it. it's great we're indicting senior chinese officials are conducting cyber warfare. the truth is will never get our hands on because they will not travel to. we need to go further. for each cyber attack that we can verify and needs to be a reciprocal response that lets others know if you attack america in cyber we were respond. it's an emerging issue, national importance and we improve our ability to defend against these attacks and improve our data. there exist and the private sector mechanism to do that that are superior to our government uses today. >> our top cyber expert at the nsa and cia tell us we need to

put 30,000 cyber experts before the worst kind of attacks and a sketchy. we've only got 1000. how can we have the recruitment campaign we need to get cyber experts speak was this young generation of americans is those cyber tech savvy generation of the tivoli. young people, karen technology their whole lives. they have no notion of what the world looked like before social meet with the building to access instant information. i think we of the building as a country to great a cyber defense force and recruit for much like we've done in the past for the army navy, air force, marines. i think it. i think of the militants could be interest in joining that sort of effort. we cannot hire millions of people but the ability to go out and begin to recruit people to become part of america's cyber defense is something i think will it be of the millions of young americans and thousands of them will find qualified and prepared to fill that role. it would be another way of serving our country the way people serve in the past in

uniform spent king abdullah of jordan came the u.s. congress and complaint of numbers that our state state department was putting a bureaucratic roadblocks, they seemed to take the fight to radical islam and isis. how would you work with king krypto and what kind of role that he played in your foreign policy committee? >> first understand jordan's challenges are significant. jordan doesn't have a well developed economy, not an oil-producing nation. they are largely sustained by foreign aid. they have a significant forging of the population that feels disconnected and disinfected -- disaffected and long-term that's a toxic brew. it could lead to her diet and instability of the country. those are issues we need to help jordan do with. their most immediate threat is to have a refugee camp on the border that today houses has decided a thousand people. just a thousand a radical jihad is. they've got a major problem.

it's important that jordan is a willing partner in december. i think it's important for us to allow them to improve their to take capability with unfettered access to the sort of military aid they're asking for, renew our commitment to do. it's important to to do with the crisis they are facing. the truth is the aid has been slow in coming not just from the u.n. but from the u.s. about providing what they need to gain control of the border region that it is being flooded by syrian refugees, most of them go are not radical jihad is but if just a small percentage are infiltrated you have a major, major problem in jordan. >> turkey has been called probably our least dependable nato ally there, and they're bombing cases, the other hand bombing occurred. how do you deal with the turks? >> a real challenge. turkey was admitted to bed at a time when the government was being white different from what it is today. their current leaders have taken them on a more jihadists radical islamists tradition islamic

approach that because my party work with them on a number of issues. it was a long ago that turkey wasn't ally of israel ended its course that's that's the longer the case that once was. it's important to re-examine the relationship and to put to the test. either they allow us to use turkish airspace and turkish bases or not in terms of targeting. i think it's important to express willingness to put the state in an anti-isis coalition that simply goes beyond passionate extend to the needs -- some the comeback and say we are concerned because we don't take any of these challenges of the region resolve until you roll the assad into the mix. i think there's some legitimacy to the. ultimate as long as assad is in power you are going to continue to have the raw elements that made isis possible in the first place to even everyone about isis tomorrow a new group will emerge. it could be al-nusra.

that was the group people thought would be isis. they are gaining strength. i think it's important to understand as long as there's this instability consider you will remain a prime environment for radical jihad is groups to take root and grow. today could be isis tamara to be somebody else. when the turks talk about the need to do with assad that is legitimate point to raise. hopefully if we could put forward an agenda that includes the assad part of this whole situation, we could encourage them to be more active participants in the fight against isis. >> our fbi director says he is open to so 50 states of america look at people with potential connections to isis. of the -- here on our shores. out of do with that and how dodical islam on american soil? >> et cetera we are not wholly prepared for. we have built our anti-terror programs on the notion that someone would come from abroad and conduct an attack.

we worried about americans who travel abroad were radicalized and came back. now the we the people but never leave the united states out of radicalized online at a local mosque summer and as result taking actions and that's the nature of the threat. it's hard because unlike 10 years ago these are not well defined plots that involve longtime planning. this involves potentially an individual that watches a few videos online, is inspired to take action, buys a gun or a bomber goes out and kills 10 people at a mall. these are the things they're planning. that's a much harder challenge. we need to understand as the fbi director said we won't be able to get them all. they will be attacks on american soil by terrorists because of the nature of this but we need a more robust intelligence program that allows us to understand this new threat allows us to monitor them online before they could organize and carry out these attacks. every one of these plots we disrupt is a major success story.

it will involve the defeat of isis do so because that is what's keeping the radicalism today. student his predecessor testified that we have to -- 59,000 people from countries other than mexico, to try to come to this country. somalia, iran, syria pakistan all the usual suspects. how does he reveal administration the with borders to get and how to keep bad people and bad things out of this country? >> the majority of people crossing the mexican border for the first time are not from mexico. they are coming from the northern triangle of latin america, central america honduras waccamaw, el salvador but also all over the world. people have realized if you get to mexico you can get into the united states because you can cross the the border. the mexicans have realized this as well and for the first time

in many years a mexican to become serious about border secured on their side of the border because they recognize these are people come into the country that if they can make it across the border going to stay in mexico. they don't want to deal with that. is now the opportunity to work closely with mexican authorities to increase illicit to those portion of the border remains porous. part of that is create the infrastructure on the ground defense, the camera, and basically mayors down the crossing points to only those authorized place for people across the border. we transact a lot of business across the border guard people who come across the border everyday with millions of dollars of goods for trade and economic homers. we don't want to shut that down but if we can close off the illegitimate corridors of travel then we can focus our attention on the legitimate crossing and improve our capabilities, for example, finding content that is

weapons are smuggled people are radioactive material for that matter. so i think one of the things we have to do is work closely with our partners on the other side of the border in mexico who today have increase the vested interest in securing the border as well because they understand it is acting as a magnet for millions to sneak into mexico before they sneak into america. >> does a border security fence coming to play? >> fencing is success of the recent work in places like san diego weapon number of unauthorized crossings has diminished. would talk about illegal immigration we have to understand that almost half of the people in this country illegally didn't cross the border physically. they came on an airplane with a visa. i think border security also means airports and seaports an entry exit tracking system that allows us to know in real time when people have overstayed their visa. they are sectors of the board of regents secure through fencing

through sensors and cameras and drones and other technology. it will funnel more and more of that traffic to places that are easier to monitor and easier to control. >> we have no -- east coast of the gulf coast but what would you do to improve port and harbor security? >> that's an ongoing challenge. security cost is always a matter of debate because the government creates mandates but it doesn't often funding. we have improved our capabilities in many borders but ultimately we live in era of global commerce and will be every single day millions of tons of material being sent abroad incoming and. as always and our efforts to contain to bring our ability to monitor what's inside of the container of whether there's a weapon being smuggled to something else, to do so that we don't want in this country. it's an ongoing challenge. we will never be 100%. in the history of the world you

have never been able to seal a country off but we can make it harder, improve our capabilities and hopefully deal with the root causes but it can diminish numerically, the things that come in whether they can its weapons or people, or a weapon of mass destruction for that matter. >> electric magnetic poles there's been evidence made the russians have an emp warhead the north koreans. how do you electromagnetic pulse warhead, would you do to do with? >> it's a long-term threat. people thinks it's science fiction but israeli. part of it i think and express elected make it a priority to harden critical infrastructure in the country meaning our electrical grid, chief government operation that over time hope technology will allow us to harden other things like airplanes. we don't want airplanes falling out of the sky because of an electromagnetic pulse attack the whites of the ability of those things to function. this is a real threat that doesn't receive enough attention because it sounds like something

from a horror movie but is, in fact, technology that is available to countries increasing number of doctors around the world and potentially a nonstate actor, a tears workstation that can create havoc. i believe they must become a priority to harden critical infrastructure which we have the technology to do now that would insulate much of it, protect it, sort of attack. >> we cut the u.s. army to pre-world war ii levels but we have more admirals gunships. how does the u.s. military look underunder a ruby administration of how they, army, air force, navy? >> the numbers indicate builds up because and by the threat. so number of years ago a bipartisan group look at our long-term defense needs and came up with was not as a gates commission to think it's funny little bit they set a number this is what it will cost. we are about 40-$50 billion under that this year so basically are underfunding our

military but about that amount. earlier this year i tried in the budget to pass it in the to restore funding for the military back to the gates numbers. it would have just been for one year. as president i make defense fund entered the it's not just for spending more on the military. it's spending it on the right things. by developing the research and technology that we will need to defeat china's anti-access capability. the chinese are building or have developed a $4 million rocket that can destroy $4 billion aircraft carrier. we have to have countermeasures. we have had the ability to defend our space assets satellites and so forth from attack. method it will to keep our critical infrastructure from cyber attacks which could blind our ability to meet you. it's important we stay at the cutting edge. the way i describe it is where the commander-in-chief is 10 years from now when they face a threat and military officials, them with options, what those

options will be are being cited right now by what we are developing. if we did not develop the cutting edge technologies that allow us to keep our promise to our men and women in uniform that will always be the best trained, best equipped and best informed fighting force on the ground or in the air, if we don't invest in that given the we won't be able to keep that promise to them. >> how about the size of milk and the cost involved? how will the national guard fit into your -- >> the national guard is a critical part. they provide a service to our country that extend simply beyond military issues. we see and respond to every natural crisis, natural disaster in florida every time we have a hurricane, we had a number of the last decade, it's a national guard who was there first. what's changed is the number of people in the national guard that had been deployed.

i continue to believe the national guard is a critical part of the backbone the ability to infect with ourselves in a crisis situation, quickly call up individuals that can provide for national defense. they are part of the overall strategy i outlined. >> over the last few years a biological threat has been consistently link is one of the top threats from the security standpoint. how would you deal with it? >> first of all i think we want to be ahead of the curve in terms of any adversary developing a biological capability. the thing was weird about terrorist organization is able to develop a biological agent they can disperse to the water supply or in the air in a crowded place. is also an of of the fence we talk about the terrorism perspective. beyond that and focus on the biological pandemic threats i do think the centers for disease control but a critical role in

ensuring our country is well-stocked with antiviral and/or anecdotes message to protect destroy chemical biological attack and goes to quickly deliver that to the right place to the ebola crisis really exposed some weaknesses in our system around the country in terms of the ability to rapidly respond to an incident should it occur. part of our overall 21st century strategy rather than quickly respond to a biological and/or chemical attack in leviticus in the country by ensuring that the right medicines for the right anecdotes of the right responses are available particularly in any major committee in the country that expects is something. >> 9/11 was a failure of imagination. we are always respond to the last terrorist attack, rather than think outside the box. how would a rubio administration think outside the box to prevent the next terrorist attack speaks

this is an insider conversation but the national security council plays a critical role in the. this president has turned to nation city council into sort of a hyper state department operational unit as opposed to -- we need people in a government that are thinking ahead about what the next it could be and how it could evolve. around the world and our tears so i think it ways to defeat us. around the world today terrorists are not figure out to get a box cutter on airplanes anymore because they know we're looking for the. their time to develop other things. i think understanding intelligence is critical and our capabilities have eroded for number of reasons. some of them because of snowden some of them self-inflicted but if we know what they're working on it allows us to greater identify. that's part of it. part of it is having people sitting around thinking, a group of experts constantly thinking if i was them this is what i

would do. and thinking of ways to prevent that, staying ahead of the crew. that's why it's important to people in government take in in the national security apparatus who are thinking about future threats and trying to gain out with the other side might do as opposed to just think of how we going to do with a three award in excess or has existed in the past. >> snowden cuba or -- >> the most testing release of information initiative this country. we know for a fact that our enemies of the united states today to change the way they communicate specific based on the information he has released. if they had have concerns that u.s. intelligence programs for multiple proper chance he could have raised them. he didn't have to go to the chinese or the russians and turnover growth of important valuable american information. here's the bottom line. you may agree or disagree but the fact is that today there men and women in american uniform who are in danger in danger because of the information he has released. something since released are

flat-out inaccurate, not too. are flat-out lies. much of the information he is manipulated to turn himself into this heroic figure. he is without a doubt not only a traitor that information has had a devastating impact our intelligence collection. we know less today and we need to know or should have known because of the information he released. is done terrible damage to this country to put the lives of real americans at danger because of it. >> talked about thinking outside the box. boko haram has begun border tags. one of the world's largest reserves of uranium. what does president review do? >> that is a fight that needs to be one locally. we need to continue to assist them in that endeavor. boko haram by the way has pledged a lease and should to isis and to do more to understand their part of the global network that i this is not stylish across a multiple of

country the range from africa to the caucasus and those river. we need to be boko haram within the broader content -- context of the war on terror and the war on i suspect i think that is i think local african governments are doing the best they can to confront and defeat it. we need to provide assistance. in an ideal world these threats of his defeat at the local level. i believe the notion we simply can't and won't invade or be involved on the ground in every single country on the planet where these things are occurring but i think capacity our local partners and get other allies that are impacted by the idea of defeating them military is a portrait we can provide a lot of support. where the world's greatest intelligence even though it's been diminished by things i've just described. we still have the ability to identify things from sunlight industryindustry and intercepts to allow us to go of these country. i also think we need to spend time in testing in the domestic

to build the counterterrorism capabilities of these countries both in training and in the light weapon in strategy they need in order to effectively defeat these insurgencies/terrorist groups, terrorist armies. >> or you will document almost every time we buy energy from overseas some portion goes to finance terrorism. how do you get energy as a national security issue and what would a rubio energy policy look like? >> what i don't want people to pullbelieve this if we produce all this oil that some this country around the world that are not benefiting from the we will produce less of a. every single day hundreds of thousands of people joined the global middle class. they buy cars fuel need to rapidly increasing. i think it has enormous economic benefits. i believe the domestic energy resources at our disposal, i think it lowers the cost to do business in america, a study manufacturing renaissance of

things of this nature but ultimately they will continue to be oil resource of able to other countries and some of it will continue to be siphoned off into by terrorist groups. isis themselves cells oil on the global market because it sees refineries that assad has refused to destroy because he hopes to recapture them and use them once again. is critical. it will allow us to operate some of the stranglehold for example that putin has on your. much of europe relies on natural gas that they get from russia. if the russians threatened to cut that off it makes them vulnerable to pressure from put in and the russian federation. in that realm it helps a lot geopolitically. >> we will be taking questions from the audience. if you have them please give them to them. one question that we have an audience today what is the senate's general opinion of israel's defense capability?

>> what is -- >> general opinion of israel's defense capability? >> israel is a very capable military force. the israelis have never asked america to fight a war for the. they have never asked us to send ground troops to go think to ask is if they run out of bullets run out of rockets that we resupply them. and global forms we stand firmly on the side and deeply committed to their security. i think it's in our national interest. i have a moral connection i believe is in and of itself justifies our relationship israel was a nation that was created in the aftermath of the holocaust to ensure that never again would there not be a homeland for the jewish people to be able to go to and face persecution i think that's a deep moral commitment our country must honor. israel is the only free enterprise pro-american democracy. if more touch and middle east look like israel the world would

be a lot safer and this conversation would be a lot shorter. there is only one country in the middle east that is a pro-american free enterprise democracy and we should ensure not just that is a vibrant that they prosper. part of it is to continue our commitment to supply and resupply them if they come under assault are not like what happened the last time when they came under assault by hezbollah and administration -- supplying defense needs a new their part of it is not turning over billions of dollars to iran who in turn would use it to prove that guidance capability of the rocket currently possess the hezbollah. has put today -- hezbollah today launches a bunch of rockets. these rockets become tactical weapons if they can use to specifically target places within issue. it's important for us to continue our commitment to the iron dome and david's sling but ultimate a pitcher gets in a crisis the world needs to we will help them. we'll help them with money with

weapons, with intelligence, do whatever it takes to israel defend itself. >> what are the odds that a new day with iran is overturned in congress? >> there's no doubt in my mind the majority of the house and senate will vote against it. the real question whether we can get 67 senators to vote against it because that's what will take to override a presidential veto. we need to get at least 13 or 14 democrats to switch and vote with us. that's the battle is can we convince enough of our democratic colleagues in the senate that this is not a good deal for the future of our country for the world. that's where public pressure increase at this important. the month of august will be a critical time. we will have another hearing in the senate and take testimony from experts but it is important engaged in public advocacy that we pressure our senators of the democratic party not to sign onto this. they need to know that in a couple just about israel comes under assault from hezbollah it is without a doubt many if not

all those rockets hitting and killing israelis were funded by the money that this deal loosen up and made at the to the arena government. they need to know that. >> is it true the main deal commits more money to iran and we've given to israel's? >> ivan is a measure that other than to say it doesn't provide a direct u.s. aid -- my microphone was hacked by the iranians apparently last night but it does, what it does do any get all this money, i bring my frozen in bank accounts. that money will now be released under this deal. it provides the administration says 50 billion, between 50-100 50-100 billion in cash. a massive infusion of money that

they would use i believe i know that they would use to do things like sponsor terrorism which they have habitually done throughout the islamic republic's existence. a second thing to understand is that opens the way for companies to do business in iran which will prop up their coffers which can they would use as well. so that all these european companies who are dying, chopping at the bit to get back and i ran into business. this deal makes it possible for them to do the if they did that before they could get any work in years. if you are dutch bank and decide to provide financing for iran previous before this deal you would lose access to u.s. market place. under this deal you're going to go to provide lines of credit and capital and the arrangement used that and use that to rebuild their capabilities. thecapabilities. the administration insist they would use this to rebuild the economy and take of domestic concerns. i bet you that isn't what happens. i guarantee that is what will happen. this money will be used to

develop terrorism capabilities for the proxies around the region. >> what are the three greatest national security threats facing the united states? the person as sense and please don't say climate change. [laughter] >> there are more than three that are worthy of our attention but i think the first that we are confronting is the threat militarily opposed by russia. as i said a few minutes ago it's a real threat because between the united states and russia we can, does the world nuclear arsenal. we have the russian military that is openly now change the military doctrine for the first time since the cold war ended openly contemplating the use of tactical military weapons in the battlefield to defeat a nato assault, this is a dangerous situation. when you see them take an aggressive moves to test negative, you run the risk of miscalculation.

as putin putin is convinced he will test article v, proved to the world that nato is a paper tiger and to continue to push the edge. the argument is trying to make is look if we decide to move on the baltic states, you are not going to go to war with over the. if they can convince them nato becomes a piece of paper. the notion he can this guy could ended up is a tremendous risk and threat of a hot war started between russia and the united states. that's a major risk when you have the two largest nuclear arsenals in the world facing off even in a conventional showdown. that could rapidly escalate and the way we find to be unpredictable because you're dealing with a flat of the putin who is much more unpredictable and much more dangerous than his activities and waste is in some of the former soviet leaders 35 years ago. a second risk we face is the risk of radical islam and it is bread for the world. opposes a new world risk that is not totally like that of a

nation-state. they don't have a capital city although isis claims it has longer-term have an economy that we can target a day to have a conventional military force. they posed threats you understand, not just local fighting forces that take over territory and behead people and do these sorts of things the people they are inspiring around the world who don't carry an ice is never should guard but they go online at the become inspired and they can launch attacks against us. the risk of that continue to spread his real. the third, the longer picture the one to be the dominant one to choose gnome people look back at history the history of this time, the want to look at essay that is what shape the world is the relationship between the united states and china. that won't determine much of what the next central looks like. china is a rising power largest country in the world. they are facing significant headwinds internally but they will continue to grow as a

country. unfortunately if you look throughout history, a rising power and a status quo power of ended up going to war and i don't think that's what could happen with china but it is posing risk already. china has decided begin to act on the claim that own the south china sea. they began to build artificial islands. once they do they can claim territorial rights that extend out 12 miles and you start to put the circles together, relies china claims that own the most important shipping lane in the world. we cannot allow in the 21st century any country to dominate and international shipping link we don't do that. much of the success of the 20th century was because of the freedom of navigation of the seas. it's important to challenge that notion and ensure the chinese understand the cost of doing that are going to be much higher than any benefits they think they're going to generate from it. >> we live in an age where

technology is creasing rapidly but our government is so still fight and lacks the ability to adapt and respond quick enough. it's also safe there's technology increases, the threats are increasing exponentially. how did you with a stove piping in the government to respond quickly to speak with its understand what you first outline. most people running for president have no idea what you said. they have no idea what you just said. look at how much our time has changed. this was rattle off some facts that will blow your mind what you think about the remember the old economy to think about the new economy. the largest hospitality company in the world, airbnb doesn't own a single hotel room. the largest ground transportation, in america huber, doesn't own a single corporate the largest retailer in the world amazon doesn't own a single star. that's a much bigger has change. but we don't have as it is change. it took the telephone 75 years to reach 100 million user to get

the instagram two years to reach 100 million users and that can be crushed the is changing faster than it ever has. there is no way government policy designed for the old economy and the old world could possibly deal with these changes not to mention how fast these changes are moving. one of the most important issues is whether that we are going to invite people to the highest office of the land to understand this, that understands you can't regulate uber like a taxicab and you can't treat isis likes of threats from 20th century. we need a government that can respond to these challenges and thinking it and realizes by the time you're done by giving something it doesn't exist anymore. something and has replaced it. if you try to overregulate it you will end up costing yourself that economic opportunity. when i talk about the need to turn the page on the past this one talking about. we better start electing people who understand the 21st

century with the future will be those behind. >> what is your view of foreign aid? >> ouri support 48 if done properly. is less than 1% over budget. anyone who tells you is if the driver of our debt is not telling you the truth. it's been been successful and is forced to has not been. you want some success stories colombia. columbia was basically a failed state 20 years ago dominated by narco-terrorist and narcotraffickers. today colombia still faces significant challenges but is a staple prosperous country and the strongest american ally in the western come in south america. america. not only that, they capable of military force that more difficult with ours, you look at the special operation forces they were the same uniforms, use the same weapons trained execs same way as our special operations people do. i watch them were. pocket america to work with them and they do we will go into battle anywhere in the work alongside the columbia's because

we kind of them worked with and we trust them. the colombians are offering the use of those forces to defeat narcoterrorism and guatemala honduras, el salvador. they've offered to the mexicans with some of these threats. and here's another one. south korea. 30 years ago the south korean economy was smaller than the north korean economy. 15 years ago south korea was still a recipient of foreign aid. today south korea as a develop economy, one of the 10th largest and one and it is a donor of foreign aid and a strong american ally in the asia-pacific region. made possible by an american assistant. and our challenges. we put millions into habeas and we find out with all the money we put in, enough progress has not been made. we still fund projects in the world, so much is being siphoned

off by corrupt officials. i do think we need to do foreign aid but i will put one more point for. -four and it gives us leverage to change the world. about two weeks ago i passed a bill in the so-called the girls to act. is what it says. it says each receive foreign aid you must give little girls birth certificates but let me tell you why that matters. it's a little girl this book anywhere and to have a birth certificate it makes it a prime target getting traffic, to being enslaved, to not receiving education. half the worlds population in many developing countries, young girls do not exist in the role of government and therefore, it is easy to basically kidnapped in and sell it as a domestic labor or sell them as a sex slave. if you're going to save you're going to receive american fork ag must take concrete steps to change that because girls can't. i'm proud we pass that builder i'm proud the president cited i think it's an example of using existing spending to improve the

world into which enhances our prestige understand and work in the eyes of millions of people. >> looking back on your life experiences were deeply best prepare cheap to be commander in chief? >> it begins with a clear understanding of what america's role in the world should be. we are not just another country. some people, americans have nothing to do with the idea that we must be the most influential country in the world. most of us would rather focus on issues at home. start our businesses, raise our families, go to work everyday, retire with dignity. america has no desire to conquer any more territory. we are not interested in invading any country. that's not what we want and does not what we do. the problem is the reason we don't fully understand america has been charged with the task of being the most influential nation on earth i would say to the world this was going up a more influential country and that influential country will help shape and determine what the world looks like. it is not a coincidence at the end of world war ii democracy and freedom and liberty and

peace has broken out throughout the world. the most powerful country in the world was a free enterprise democracy and peaceful people. that's why the world to that direction. that's why we did not have a third report. we have a choice to either we remain the most powerful country in the world order we will be replaced by another country like china that does not respect human rights that does not respect religious liberties does not allow its people unfettered access to the internet. that tells churches the bishops are, but the cardinals are, who the patches can be. -- pastors can be. if that's the most powerful country in the world, the world will change and every single one of us will feel the impact. i'm guided by the police, the industry that america isn't just indispensable to its exceptional. guided by the reality that yes the world oftentimes grumbles because of the world is done and

what to do or getting involved but here's the truth. when we don't they complain even louder when we don't lead the world says chaos is breaking out because america is not leading. i believe i'm qualified because i believe know for a fact especially over the last five years been engaged on these issues i know what happens when america doesn't lead. what happens is chaos. what happens is violence. happens is war. what would happen this radical jihad us grow and prosper. that is not the world i want to live in. that is not a workable deliver children. whether we like it or not this nation has been tasked with developing the leader of the free world. it is not a role we should give up because the alternative is that the world will return to an age of darkness and of violence and the lack of freedom. that's not the world i want to leave for my children. >> a previous question, north korea and south korea. the missile the kim jong-un has looks alike the missile of iran. he is increasing the distance,

the range of the. how do you deal with the north korean regime? >> north korea already possesses a rocket that could hit california, and they're not very good at aiming. we don't don't know what do to do but to get something and that's the real risk. that's why it's so important that japan has continued to develop its defense capability. japan is a capable, probably the fifth best made in the world. now for the first time in history to be able to provide collective self-defense which means they're not going to have come under for years after world war ii japan don't get engaged in a conflict there directly attacked. .net if an american ship or a missile launched against the united states they couldn't do anything about it. now they're going to be able to do something about it and that is a significant force multiplier for us. what doubled its improve our capability to provide antimissile defense at the front lines of the conflict right there in asia before it even crosses the pacific. if we can figure the way to get

japan and south korea to work in close of some of these issues we will multiply our capabilities even further. that's the first line of defense is to ensure that any rocket launch by north korea would be shot down before strikes japan south korea or the continental united states. >> the president today with the current government in afghanistan and iraq how would you work with him and i would differ from -- >> we would stop the artificial time i get out of afghanistan. i think we need to eventually afghanistan needs to be turned over to the afghan people but if we leave too early or too quickly or irresponsibly we will undo all of the gains have been made and are still significant challenges. we don't know the full brunt of those challenges because when you tell the taliban we are living in a date big certain villages wait until the before the relaunch their tactic is a window. every time we leave the province the taliban had gained influence. i think we'll have to continue to be committed as we want

afghanistan to become the next iraq. iraq is a mess because its president artificially pulled out from the artificial timeline with a working harder on a status of forces that can do a lot of stuff at present there. i think the government would've been much more stable and conditions less conducive. when we pulled out of afghanistan, maliki used his power to go after sunni. what happened is these sunnis felt depressed by baghdad. they felt depressed by the center. when ice is king in they greeted isis as liberators. they don't feel that way anymore but it's too late. they already do. it's important for us to figure out a way to work with our iraqi allies great a country that is inclusive of christians, kurds sunnis and shia. if we don't do that iran will dominate iraq and suddenly they will have gained yet another puppet. >> coming to the in what you think it would have of american

for peace, prosperity and security there, to think you when not busy or. we want to thank you for coming to south and. is the anything we didn't ask today that you want to kill the people of south carolina and? >> you asked a lot of questions i think we covered speed you give a lot of answers. >> i think the most important obligation of the federal government is to provide for our national security. we do a lot of things that we like to do or maybe shouldn't do but the one thing we must do is provide for national security. if a nation is not secure cannot prosper economically the the american dream cannot grow and reach people in this is a nation under threat and under duress. the next president of the united states and quite frankly your leadership elected to congress in sydney to be people that clearly understand this. that clearly understand the world as it is not the way we wish it was and understand america plays an indispensable role in the world that when america fails to lead chaos ensues and the result is the

work is less prosperous, less stable and less peaceful. i hope we can restore our world stage and reinvigorate the role we play to lead the free people of this planet. >> thank you spirit thank you. >> senator rubio and van hipp thanks so much for an enlightening conversation. on behalf of a pps and furman university, thank you very much and thank you and have a good day. >> thank you very much. [applause]

>> last week, and security secretary jeh johnson spoke at the aspen security forum on security issues. like the ongoing threat of isis. here are some of his remarks. >> we are facing the prospects of smaller scale attacks given how this whole thing is evolving but we face the prospect of that day today in a lot of portions in this country. as i think jim pointed out abdulaziz was not on our radar and i would not have considered chattanooga, tennessee, to be at high risk area. and so we are facing smaller scale attacks that are harder to detect day to day to day. the alarming longer-term

phenomenon we have to be concerned about with isil is anytime a terrorist organization with the level of resources in excess of 30000 fighters with foreign fighters pouring into syria, and the level of depravity establishing territory, to establish a caliphate in iraq and syria so that this very large dangerous organization has a place to base, train, sent operatives that is a huge homeland security concern. last..

>> the republican presidential candidates are in manchester new hampshire the first presidential armand deus 7:00 p.m. eastern.

>> max, agriculture researchers on the federal and state level testified in the recent outbreak of avian influenza that killed more than 40 million chickens and turkeys in the united states. they spoke yesterday before a house agriculture subcommittee for about an hour and 45 mendes pierced the mctiernan subcommittee -- >> i would like to thank our witnesses for appearing before the subcommittee this morning. i appreciate the attendance of our colleagues here on the panel.

as we begin our formal review of the recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza or for short, the bird flu. as we will hear from witnesses that this was without a doubt the worst outbreak are countries ever faced. more than 220 firms affect it in 21 states, 40 million chickens and turkeys depopulated in hundreds of millions of dollars spent. the subcommittee has been following events for someone i specifically chose to delay formal oversight until the disease is under control to prevent diversion of the agency's attention in the crisis. as we begin the review, let me state it is not our intent to be a monday morning quarterback in any way shape or form. rather we want to learn from experience. we want to highlight what was done right by identifying areas for improvement was made

opportunities for further improvement excess and most importantly figure out where we need to focus as we prepare for a possible outbreak this fall. heat of the summer is primarily responsible for the interruption in disease transmission but as fall approaches and temperatures in the job we need to be prepared possibly covering a larger geographical area. a number of issues have arisen that need further discussion. for instance approval of an effective vaccine is on the horizon. if we utilize the tool we need to ensure trade is not disrupt it. questions persist regarding efficacy of the bio security plans while many barns have bio security features and mechanisms in place, some have raised questions regarding the degree to which bio security protocols are being followed. we are aware of the resource limitations that delay depopulation disposal early in the help rate ms repopulation

commences, several members have heard questions related to challenges that lay ahead. we recognize preventing further outbreak is a critical priority. that said we are mindful of burdens producers are facing for take toilet they are unable to get back up and running in a timely fashion. after all time is money. will likely hear about concerns related to indemnification, the laws clearly animals destroyed and the fair market value defined and determined obviously a subject to some discretion. we are faced with a set of issues that are complex and we welcome any and all suggestions on how the subcommittee might be helpful as we move forward. in particular, i am aware of the program of the act for disease

management prevention and wonder if it might not be time for a similar mechanism in animal health protection act might have a response of funding mechanism to facilitate a quicker and cheaper more effect differs on spirit i will now yield to the chairman of the full committee if he has any comments you would like to make here thank you, mr. chairman. we have ranking member collin peterson if you have any comments you'd like to make. >> thank you chairman conaway for holding this hearing today. my district was ground zero of the outbreak and as everybody knows avian influenza has an impact not only my district but other places of the country. usda a nice state of minnesota

and i want to especially single out dr. clifford and dr. hartman for the work they've done and dr. hartman from our state of minnesota and the secretary. as i've gone through us i've gone through talking about problems arisen and they really responded -- i don't think you could've done a better job than responding to things that developed. it hasn't been perfect and you're in the middle of the crisis. we develop a better plan if we have this outbreak in the future. there's three areas i would like to address that have been brought forward. one of them is simplifying the

indemnification process that people concerned about the amount of paperwork. one grower had 77 pages of paperwork. we have to do a better job of figuring out how to deal with that. the other thing that comes up is the case manager ratio were in fact just last week i had a grower that i met with on the seventh case manager. in that particular situation they're still rolling them over. somehow or another we have to figure out a way to address that. dr. hartman of minnesota has resources to help with that. i may ask you about that later. i also look forward to a status update on the vaccine. we appreciate the work you do and have done.

having an available vaccine is very much high on the agenda of growers as they repopulated this fall in something they want to have in their toolbox. i want to discuss that with you how that all is going to come forward and when we get into questions. i also want to look at ways to speed up the depopulation after. that is an area we have learned a great deal about and especially in the layer operation it's been a real and it's an area we need to focus on. i think the ranking member for holding today's hearing and look forward to the testimony and the question-and-answer period. i hope that you >> thank you, mr. peters said.

>> as always the ranking member technical timing. mr. costa. thank you, mr. chairman. the time for this hearing is today because the avian flu that has taken over the country of syria and dramatic and devastating when we look at the amount of flocks of poultry that has been impact dead model ms. mccauley, the ranking member of the committee has stated but also in california we have had a number of poultry farmers and processors impacted your thumb in my home district were the

first reported cases of avian influenza took place. unlike the midwest we have been able to contain it. we been able to control it. my heart goes out to those in other parts of the country where it is continue to progress. the cases related to me and actions that were taken by the united states department of agriculture and they were positive. we were lucky bottom line in the out break and it was spread to an accommodation of factors. and how we can -- our program we

think a sophisticated. we think it is strong as it relates to buy a security in one of the reasons are producers were able to control the spread in california. there are other examples of methods that i hope we'll hear about this morning was in the eastern flyweight. it has been in the impacts while state regulations can only do so much, we need to do more to provide a high path avian influenza. there needs to be more research and funds dedicated to that. one thing we've heard a representative say is the need for more investment in the southeast research laboratory and i'm pleased they are here to

testify on that part. by the by plays a critical role we also have research done in his dictation like a fresno state as well as database where we have had a lot of efforts to provide support and assistance and discover more information about the avian influenza. the new national poultry improvement plan will hear about this morning has allowed companies to participate in a surveillance program coupled with 100% indemnity and that is the part of the discussion in terms of how we deal with it. i can't think our response to california was perfect but we certainly didn't face the same skillet outbreaks based in the midwest and i hope through this

hearing we can better understand what practices were vast and learn from successes of each state to minimize negative impact that high path avian influenza has had during the fly season and we know there's an upcoming fall fly season. certainly congressman peterson can testify to that as an avid hunter he is familiar with the various seasons. i very much look forward to the testimony poster in the united states department of agriculture and we can learn from each other. thank you >> thank you: mr. costa. >> i would like to enter this economic impact analysis done by the university of minnesota into the record. >> without objections toward her. the chair would request members submit opening statements for the record so witnesses may be

moaning sure ample time for questions. sure like to remind members of the recognized for questioning for members present at the start of the hearing. after that members recognized in order of arrival. witnesses asked to limit their presentations to five minutes. all written statements will be included in the record. i'd like to welcome our witnesses to the table and please note in the interest of time we have combined the two panels. the usda agriculture research and not things, georgia. thank you for being here. dr. john clifford deputy administrator veteran services usda health inspection service washington d.c. we also have dr. douglas meckes state veterinarian north carolina department of agriculture and consumer services in raleigh north

carolina. and dr. bill hartmann board of animal health st. paul minnesota. begin your ready. >> chairman trina levin, ranking member costa, i am.or david swayne, introduced at the southeast poultry laboratory in athens, georgia. we are part of the u.s. national poultry research center. agricultural research service is committed to eradicating the virus epicenter of the current north american outbreak to provide cutting-edge research and ask epidemiology, pathology. in response to the first detections of hp a.i. and the u.s. refocused its high path research program to the most imminent research needs. within weeks the rapid molecular test was developed to detect the virus which allowed quick differentiation from north american virus. the test was transferred to the

laboratories as the cortes used in diagnostic effort to rapidly identify infected locks. we conduct studies to understand how the early high path virus cause disease in birds and chickens and turkeys the viruses took high exposure to produce infection and vertebra contact transmission is very inefficient. on the affected chickens and turkeys became ill and died. by contrast mallards and wild duck became good with lower doses of the virus and had more efficient contact mission but did not become ill nor did they die. subsequent airmen using viruses from the midwest and minnesota iowa and dakotas on the viruses last to infect chickens that occur more easily and indicate a

later viruses are easily transmissible among chickens and turkeys. extending laboratory aorist researchers have teamed up with epidemiologists as well as field and poultry veterinarian state universities providing genetic analysis in order to focus epidemiologic investigations. the point source introduction from infect the waterfowl to poultry and in the early midwestern cases. the later viruses showed evidence of common source introduction term outbreak supporting from the farms are a good in the united states there is no vaccine approved for in years for high path aei. some nations attempt to utilize vaccine to protect poultry against the age five and one. there uses a primary focus has not led to immediate gratification.

99% of the vaccine has been used in poor countries. china, egypt, vietnam and indonesia where the h5n1 is endemic. assist with the emergence of vaccine resistant and the continued surveillance and periodic change to more closely match those circulating viruses for more effective control. in support of the state development and testing us one of our routine researcher to do these but we do not manufacture vaccines or decide manufacture vaccines or decide when or if vaccine should be used in the field. licensing and use of vaccine is determined by a fist. a new vaccine eastern or use and conduct team final protections that isn't chickens and turkeys. if viable it will be transferred to a commercial vaccine

manufacturer. in addition it is evaluating registered vaccines for protection and chickens and turkeys again the outbreak viruses. vaccination can play a helpful role in disease eradication if it's properly implemented but globally vaccination has had a negative in fact i'm poultry exports, crucial part of the poultry industry. at industry. efforts to mitigate the effects of vaccination on export include identifying poultry with the vaccinated population are reliable and good biological testing. such is outages often called diva testing. development evaluation for a high research priority and we have studies under way. in conclusion the outbreak has unprecedented challenges in the poultry industry with arf collaborators searching to

high-priority areas in poultry and wild birds, rapid diagnostic test development for detecting asian h5n1 virus. molecular genealogical eddies or i'd in development of efficacious vaccines and infect vaccination strategy. thank you for the opportunity to testify and direct congressional support as we continue to fight this. >> dr. clifford. thank you, mr. chairman. members of the committee. thank you again for the opportunity to testify on behalf of the united states department of agriculture. as i figure today it's been almost two full months of her detection of high path aei and minnesota seven weeks into detections in iowa. 60 farms have started restocking new healthy poultry. over 30 have finished the disinfection process and are on their way to restocking.

members will continue to climb in the coming weeks as a positive sign we are recovering from the devastating outbreak, the largest health emergency in our countries history. usda will stand with producers helping them get back into production as quickly as we can. much of our effort in recently has been with an eye towards the future. we've been waiting with bated industry partners to plan for any potential fallout breaks and we learned a lot from what happened in spring take the lessons to identify gaps and revising plans. i assure you we are ready to face any help rates ahead. i just came from a conference in des moines will be along with state and industry partners discuss the outbreak and steps for the fall. conversations they are have identified several key aims. first we all need to improve by a security. it is truly a shared

responsibility. we need to wash equipment limit people on farms and take steps to limit contact with wild birds. part of the effort we need to improve outreach working with the industry and share information so they can be ready to stop disease spread. second, we recognize the importance for rapid depopulation of words. the longer we take to depopulate sick birds the more virus they produce and more virus and the environment the greater chances to overwhelm via security efforts. we work with partners on the logistical challenges and we need to have the right equipment and materials in the right place at an right disposal options to eliminate any unnecessary delays. third we need to continue to have discussions about the vaccine policy. we made the decision to stockpile vaccines that have not

decided whether or not to use it to control disease spread. our discussions with trading partners today suggests many of them would then poultry export and so they could a risk assessment. we will continue to actively engage partners about how to minimize effectual trade should we need to use vaccine in the future. if we want the conversation and attitude of partners to change it is likely all of us will have to change our policies and can earn for high path aei and other foreign diseases. we plan for your first case scenario and will be ready for it. while i don't think it will come to that, it's important to ensure we can handle outbreaks in the fall no matter the size you to that end we had additional staff over 450 positions including 210 and will help technicians and medical

officers. we are working with federal and state partners to increase surveillance of wild birds which brought the disease here initially. close monitoring with this identifying was onto the disease as rapidly as possible. our hearts go out to everyone affected so far. users come employees and communities they live in and support. we are making sure we do everything we can to help those who may be possibly affected in the month ahead. mr. chairman this concludes my testimony and i'd be happy to answer any questions members of the subcommittee may have. >> thank you very much. dr. meckes.

>> -- speak to our efforts to prepare for and respond to highly pathogenic avian influenza should it come away this fall. first and foremost understand north carolina the department's approach the task knowing appropriate response is beyond the scope of any single entity in state government. in the beginning of the endeavor we embraced our colleague in the department and in particular the emergency program division includes emergency was honors and veterinarians uniquely qualified through training and next to to address this disease. in addition we blind ourselves with the department of environmental programs liaison with the division and the department of environment of natural grace versus north carolina photography from the maps to the coast necessitates consideration of the impact of every aspect to experience

unprecedented mass mortality. other partners in the department marketing, forrester in laboratory have been included to varying degrees. outside the department we've engaged with the poultry industry federal partners cooperative extension service in state emergency management and efforts to ensure a unified approach to the potential for disease outbreak. department staffers for preparedness began in earnest at the request for disease management assistant receipt for minnesota in march. we may have responded in employed population tends to support minnesota after his injury in early april. the midwest is here and they blow up and present us effective at avian influenza virus in existing resource is overwhelmed leading to a backlog in disposal efforts. north carolina and assisted the

states was on steamed in depopulation of his active birds. recent reports indicate the presence of the backlog of infected birds contributed to the lateral spread in several areas. by the time our team returns the backlog had been managed. these sublime experiences were the cornerstone and over the past three months have established workgroups to address many lessons learned during deployments. the script and third operations security laboratory capacity, disposal, communications and outreach and permanent. internally the program division of veterinary division of environmental program staff are fully engaged in every aspect of the working groups. our external partners also participating in each of those areas. three particular areas are

deemed critical timely management of disease outbreak. operation depopulation by security in disposal. as previously noted that delay depopulation contributes to spread of the virus in the midwest. we are determined that will not be the case in the airline. the department has long conducted training sessions for staff and others in the use of north carolina filming equipment typically twice a month in the eastern and western parts of the state. more recently the department conduct a training for industry partners on two successive days and held through regional meetings in the eastern, central and western north carolina for industry and agency partners to discuss preparations for a robust rate on for too high path avian influenza. ..