of our past programs on line at booktv.org. well earlier this year i read a terrific book. it's about the period after the end of the revolutionary war. it was clear during that period from 1983-87 that confederation was just not working. it survived pretty well for a couple hundred years. i followed that with an interesting book called the kennedys and churchill about the relationships between the

kennedy family and the churchill before churchill become prime minister. joseph kennedy was embassador of the u.k. he didn't think we could win and wanted to keep america out of it. churchill was still alive and kennedy assassinated. tracks the whole period. now i'm going back to my favorite period which is 1850, a book called american debate, the tbreat -- great american debate.

had all the new territory and the big question, is it going to be slave or free. at that point there were 15 slave states and 15 free states. slavery held on as long as it did because of the senate. it was a heck of an effort to hold the country together. in the end it worked for 11 years. 11 years later we had the civil war. tweet us your answer at book tv or you can post it on our facebook page facebook.com slash book tv. this past year included ta vrk

-- smiley. >> in the coming months we'll speak to former secretary and economist walter williams and roberts of mpr and nbc news. this week, our guest and editor of nine books including her new book drone warfare. in depth live on book tv the first sunday of every month. you can participate. all programs are available to watch on our web site booktv.org

. >> sought to recapture something like the ship that sustained them during the crisis years. they launched those who in ink who meet weekly to read and discuss their book. have a pint or two or three. helped find a publisher most importantly it was conversation with lewis on the night of september 19, 1931, they talked till 2:00 in the morning. it was this conversation that lewis described of conversion. he becomes great advocate. as he described his gift was

sheer encouragement over many years to keep on. listen to token. only from him do i get the idea that my stuff can be more than private hobby. i should never have brought the lord of the rings to a conclusion. well, when lewis learns it's an accepted publication, he writes a letter, i look forward to having the book to read and reread. listen to lewis. so much of your whole life, so much of our joint life, so much of the war, so much that seemed to be slipping away into the past is now in a sort made permanent. do you catch what he's saying?

he captured of the essence of their life together in a mister rous way. all of this ladies and gentlemen, the part of your achievement but i think they accomplish something else. we cannot overstate how profoundly counter cultural the works of lewis were and remained in our own. lived mud, slaughter and death. nothing like it had ever occurred in the world. listen to churchill. all the his or horrors were brought together. elliot the postwar wasteland.

i think we're in rat rats alley. instead, instead they face the problem of war and suffering with realism. realism but not resignation. for them there is no shortcut to the land of peace. first come tears and suffering heartless violence and horror and death. their stories insist that we do live in a moral universe, war is a symptom of the ruin and human life. war would sometimes be necessary they concluded to per --

preserve human freedom. war must be he says, while we defend our lives. i love only that which they defend. >> you can watch this and other programs online at book tv.org. >> welcome to agusta located 150 miles east of atlanta around the georgia/south carolina border. during the civil war it's believed the city was spared due to military arsenal and power works. ♪

>> today it has the oldest continuous running capable -- canal around the west. for the next hour we'll learn of the history of the city. we begin with a specialing look with the story of jimmy dyas. >> we are sitting here in the agusta museum of history. permit -- permanent military. the 3500 or so medal of honor recipient. he's the only person ever to get both awards. because it was such a unique

story and this man is my wife's father, i decided to write a book about him. he was born in agusta, georgia in 1909. lived most of his life in north agusta. went to the oldest school in the south. he played football and was also all american. while he was there between first and second year, he was off the coast of south carolina. there was a woman in the process of drowning and the woman was not successful and they were both in serious trouble. he was wandering on the beach. nobody would go in and he saw it and he immediately thought, well he could do it. it was a pretty snap decision.

it was a long swim out. it wasn't real rough situation but it was a pretty long distance. they were actually out of sight for a while beyond the waives. the people ton beach thought they were all going to be gone. they appear swimming them both back to the thing. it was a snap decision. as he came down the beach he realized what was going on and he by himself went in hopes he could save this people. he was then awarded a year lathe -- later with medal. that was his first act of

heroism. he came back to agusta. went to army reserves and then later marine reserves. they paid more. five dollars more. the marines very much known for riffle team. he had been an all american rifle and made the team, he actually coach ited the team and they won all kinds of awards in 1936-1937. he was trained. fourth marine had not been in combat at this time. it was set to combat in 1944 for the first time.

in 1944, got deep into the central pacific and grabbed an important island that the japanese controlled. they had airplaneses operating out of there. san diego to the islands. the marines and they went after the island, it was a twin island. purpose was to capture the island and we could use the island and japanese could not use the island. it was a big strategic move. it was very successful. it's not well known because it

was so successful. only 300 mill killed and one of them was jimmy dyass. it came on to the island as kind of the second waive. they didn't arrive until around 1:00 to 2:00 in the afternoon. they didn't realize the japanese had been in the spider holes. the japanese came out with their machine guns wounded marines and were going to kill them right before dark. and jimmy dyass who was in a separate unit, knew there was a problem, he got some of his marines together and said, there's got to be a problem kind of the same way he did in the situation somebody has to

do something. he went in there got them, saved their lives and i talked to one of the men he saved. darkness was coming and he saved all the marines that were behind enemy license. the -- lines. the next day he organized marines to take japanese. it was a pretty small island. as they approached the position, he got up to direct fire and his flow marine said, colonel get down, get down. they wanted to make sure they found the right positions. he was observing and that's when he got shot in the head and got killed. the battle was over a couple of hours after that. there were 83,000 people that served in that division during

the war and they were only 12 that earned the medal of honor. he was awarded the medal after six months after he was killed. if an act of heroism takes place it requires witnesses and then it goes through a series committees all the way through the president. if it's approved by the secretary army, navy or air force, then the president makes presentation of the medal. it's very very hard to earn the medal of honor. in all the wars that we fought, there's only eight or nine livinging

-- living recipients. very few people are in the medal. he woulds almost for sure say he did not deserve that. he might have pointed out to somebody else. he was very humble. he never talked about the medal. when i interviewed people who knew him and i did the book a long time ago, tell me, what about when he was 19. they didn't know anything about this. he was very modest. he didn't think he deserved so he never talked about it. he probably threw it. i know a lot of medal of honor recipients most of them will tell you it should have given to somebody else. it's a piece that we can all learn from them and i think he

would have been in that category. >> you're watching book tv on c-span2. we are visiting agusta, georgia. next looks at history of golf and masters tournament which is one of the professional golfers association. >> while the agusta country club fits in, it's really the center piece of gulf in agusta. gulf first started in the area about 20 miles to the east of here. palme the -- gulf course. >> sat in back of the bonair hotel which is across the street

from us. then transitioned into what was a lake course, the hill course being the only surviving course, and that's the course that we are here today here in the agusta country club. in 1888 agusta decides it's going to have an exposition, agusta exposition of 1888. when the folks came to town they fell in love with agusta. they decided this is where they're going to spend their winters. in that time frame, florida is not developed, the west coast is not developed and agusta is where all the real license are leading to and folks from new york city, boston, philadelphia, can get to agusta in one day's

ride in rails. to get away from the winter they would come to agusta. by 1900 it had blossomed. it was the winter home for presidents, the powerful, captains of the industry, president taft came here. he picked his entire cabinet while staying at the bonn air hotel. so for about seven months from november through may agusta was a tourist in town. as gulf came to the united states in the late 1800s it came

here to agusta in 1896 by harrison new york city -- no relation to the president of the united states. harrison introduced agusta to the game of golf. timent -- at this time it's the winter capital of america. they started playing golf. in 1900s three years after the first golf course was put here in agusta, harry the british champ own played. he was playing exhibitition up and down the east coast. if you look at the old pictures from 1900 you'll see that it's still two years before bobby jones is born and golf is being

accepted. there's a big crowd to watch harry play golf. he went to carolina. that seemed to light the fires for the game of golf. soon as golf expanded here at the agusta country club to the lake course and hill course, there was a course 20 miles east. there was a course in -- starting in 1904 just across the river here at the mighty hampton hotel. we were a city of grand hotel and grand golf courses. keep in mind all this time in late 1890s and early 1900s the game is blossoming here in agusta. it happened to be close to atlanta.

bobby jones see this is an area that has the money that maybe could support a golf course later on down the line and he start playing golf here in agusta and is ten degrees warmer in atlanta. all of these things factor in to build a gulf course here. he builds the agusta national in 1931 in 1932 the course the built. he built the course in record time. 76-working days which is absolutely incredible. they were charged with dealing the agusta national. they got 50 cents a day from sunrise until it got bark. 50 cents being twice the going rate of pay for a farmer back in

the day. he built this golf course in 76-working days and in september, august, september of 1932 bobby jones played the first round of golf. bobby jones had a tough time selling the world on agusta gauger -- georgia. they just didn't have the money. the money folks that came down from the northeast, that started to dry up because after he put the course here and after the depression ended florida was developed, the west coast is starting to develop. so people took airplanes and went to florida in the west coast. agusta somewhat fell out with the crowd. agusta struggled. the winning formula happened to

come in 1950 in the -- president eisenhower was a member of the national. not only that, the president of the united states was playing a lot of golf at the agusta national and television came of age and low and behold this generation start today embrace the game of golf. started watching the president play in agusta, georgia. they could see him play golf on the news at night. arnold palmer came along with a self-taught golf swing and he would go win golf tournaments. he was a good-looking guy. between eisenhower as president and television coming to agusta and palmer, the 1950s blossomed.

agusta never really looked back. palmer won the masters in 1958, 1960, 1962 and 1964. the folks were watching on tv and then the era of jack in 65 and 66. you had great players as well. the fan based nationwide and worldwide just began to grow with that type of situation in agusta. i came to agusta in 1985 as director and spent my entire career here. during my stay here just fell in love with the history of the golf course. my first year was 1986. the following year larry won.

i ended up and made agusta my career and after i got out of the tv business, just thought it would make a fascinating story of -- of how agusta came to be because that's when i came here, folks asked me first any time on the course, how did agusta -- how did this town become the gulf capital of the world? how does agusta become to be? and raised questions of my own. and all the museums in town i pieced together a story that had up to that point not been told

and i came across all these different gems of information that have been the highlight of my career now. >> we continue our visit to agusta georgia discussing the founding of the city and history and the role in the civil war. >> the book we're talking about today is agusta then and now. it's a book that i wrote with the agusta museum of history so no better place to talk about the book than here in the museum it tells us about how agusta developed and how augusta came to be the augusta it is now.

in 1733 a man who was one of 21 trustees came to sa va na river. we are in the area that talks about colonial area here in augusta. we have a picture of princess augusta. sort of the william and kate of their day. they were married in 1736. after that marriage he said he wanted a fort built in this area where the indian trade was going onto protect the trade and

traders that were here. fort was made for princess augusta the new princess of whales. so the royal marriage was honored in doing that. unfortunately in augusta as in much of the back country of the south, it was civil war, between people who lived here, those who were loyal to the crown and those to force. in augusta that was true. some of that fight has civil war nature about it. behind me a representation of the soldier in uniform. they would come to the area near the end of the war.

what we would see so basically you have two different armies fighting for the patriot cause. you have people fighting for the state as well as people who are joined the forces in the demand ultimately of george washington. washington would have appointed green after 1778. after the american revolution, of course, the indian trade was over as farmers moved in and filled up the back country and increasing number of land sessions from the creeks. the initial farmers that lived in this area were producing tobacco. many of them have come from

virginia and carolinas. in 1780s 90, we see people in the country side producing large numbers of -- of tobacco that was put into what we call hogs hedge. big barrels that were turned on their side. hooked up to a team of horses and then rolled to town. and that was how people made their money roads became tobacco roads. and so tobacco was the center of a lot of augusta trade for years. and then in the 1790s, 1793 to be exact a connecticut inventor

was looking at the plantation of green outside of and came with a engine that would make up cotton that has fiber out. basically people switched from tobacco to cotton. from that period on, cotton was king in this when when are -- area the period before the civil war the country side agusta produced cotton. they brought it here to market, while here they bought the goods

and luxury items and things that they would like to have from the merchants of augusta. augusta become an important part because it was chosen as the side of confederate power works. it was surrendered. and so augusta was very much part of the war but there was no actual fighting here which would make recovery in the postwar period faster and easier. and so in the reconstruction period augustans began to talk. lets use the canal cotton to

the north make the money that will come from that right here. and so after the war, well into the 20 century augusta was a center and would remain until other parts of the south began to move out of the country to other places. local history i think is a key to understanding history on a larger scale because a local community is what happens in a larger world. we can't understand why things are the way they are if we don't understand how they got to be

the way they are. and local history provides that window for us into understanding our path and how it evolved over the years which helps us know who we are as a people and why we are what we are today. >> while in augusta we spoke with robert about his book. >> i start today write this book so i could share the discoveries that i was making after moving from my house. saw the old fireplaces.

.. built the canal and needed to expand the canal 30 years later but when they expanded the can now 1870's they plugged what used to be and at aqueduct because the canal went over race trees because of a gust of

national. when they did that they created this lake and called it lake olmstead because charles olmstead was chief engineer of the project. the lake was created in 1872 to 1873. a man named colonels dire came to town, and he did a lot and forming what was known as lake view park. hee came and put in a bowling alley, theater, merry-go-round all kinds of amusement for the family and when he did that the lake began -- agusta was the place to be. grand hotels so many things to offer they had the facilities, the hunting, the game preserves call all around us the horses for the hunt, gulf was pretty

big, took off. the city took over the old lake view park in the 20s and started a little bit of a decline, the great depression. before that a gust that was a real-estate market. it was the beginning real-estate market. the great depression behind the property really started to deteriorated little bit. right after the great depression the city made some efforts and put in beach sand from one of the local beaches, created a nice beach. in 1949 swimming was prohibited and it would never be allowed again because of the bacteria. there was sewage and a lot of runoff and they had to close it to swimming and when they did that the leg really started to

change pretty dramatically. the city in 1950, they will looking at ideas on how to clean up the lake. one of their ideas was to put pipes and pumps chlorine. you study that two years before they decided that was going to be cost prohibitive. pretty ironic today when you look at the environment efforts being made the chlorine would have killed everything in the lake. it wasn't cost-efficient number one. number 2, it would have been a disaster. i think a lot of the issues with trying to make lake olmstead better comes down to political issues in the city. a lot of fighting for turf here lake olmstead is kind of caught in that turf battle unfortunately. the thought at one point was to

create a state park and that state park would have included parts of labels that. hopefully with the can now developing under the national heritage status we will see the lake addressed as well but it hasn't happened because it is under different ownership city ownership. one reason i wrote this book was to take everybody through time on a little bit of a journey so they could appreciate the rich heritage suppose that maybe we could build support for making it better and making it a place where you want to go and want to take your family and it would add to the attraction of augusta. >> while in augusta, ga. we talk to turner simkins whose book "possibilities: perseverance, grace, and the story of 1 familiy's life with leukemia" provides an account of his son brennan's fight against a rare form of leukemia and a bone

marrow transplant which resulted in full remission of the disease. >> my wife called on the cellphone and you could hear the oxygen and monitors and everything they've getting ready -- i don't like hearing that. we had been in the mountains the weekend before and central georgia where we don't get a lot of snow and in the north carolina mountains we decided to take all the boys up to play in the snow. complaining of leg pains fired up at that point but that weekend he didn't want to get out of bed and make snowman and we knew something was up and we had suspicions before and that was when this heavy feeling descended upon us. that monday after we got back, i was in my office here in town and was waiting all day and we

had a feeling at the end of the work hours. he said we need to get him to children's medical center. when we walked onto the fifth floor the one thing i saw was a young boy with iv poll with bags of blood and no hair and that is when developing took hold, you knew your life was going to change at that moment. put him in pretty bad apple. hour heads were in the sandy enough we didn't know how bad that basket was at that time. we just hunkered down to do this. we told him and his brothers that he wasn't necessarily sick he had a problem we were going to work through. but huge change for the family. the protocols required three

months of chemotherapy in patient versus going to the clinic, getting kilo or going home. most leukemia treatments eliminate the immune system as close as you can in order to attack the league in leukemia cells so therefore he needed to be in a protected environment. he would come out in a week, lost his hair the first time but being of kid there were other kids on the floor, is refreshing and beautiful attitude about it allowed us to feel the weekend do this. the last leg of the protocol was the bone marrow transplant which was done at emory university his brother, his older brother was a perfect match. a 10% chance, we were curious as

to that type of risk when he was in remission anyway after the chemo cycles but we were told this was an insurance policy and i asked what would happen if he had relapsed, we don't want to go there. that was our doctors. he sailed through transplants, being a perfect match at the time the logic was a perfect match, less risky on the patient. we were going to replace his immune system with his brother's but the match was too perfect. team never even became ill during the process he lost his hair again, didn't lose a lot of weight. he sailed through transplants, we wanted to see friction, the new indian system where there was a rash or fever or outward

symptoms coming in and taking control. 120 days later he had relapsed. we drove to atlanta to determine what the next steps would be and we were told by the head of transplant that there were no curative next steps. they offered treatments that could buy us time and is there anywhere that would offer, the standard of care did not provide a second bone marrow transplant within a year. no one would be willing to do that. i can't describe how that feels

in agusta. so overwhelmed the we found ourselves, and we had a really close friend whose son patrick was -- another parent in the trenches, children's philadelphia, told them what happened. cheese said screwed that. hand we are not going to let that be the final word. we are going to fight. on the phone with people in seattle, hands to find a place.

there are two things that drove us is fair, it was very much a family oriented environment, people move their entire families there and this boy is so close to his two brothers that we knew the family needed to be together best case or worst case. the second thing they made us feel they had more than one trick hand don't go right. that was the second time with his older brother, college football bowl season, i got a call from the doctor in the grocery store, it was just -- a

new protocol using an unrelated donor even though was around 75% leukemia cells in his bloodstream. and the non related donors fortunately patient enough to give the delays and did a second transplant around the time of his birthday. and the winner of 2010. there was a little friction at that time and we felt it is working and he got really sick but he did survived the transplant and got into remission again. we felt any time you think your g something like this you're going to pop the champagne and high five, but by it this time a lot of people following the story. blog to meet with the coping

mechanism, what has happened today? and allow everything out and apparently it became somewhat viral because when we went to the second transplant we had people from all over the world keeping in tune with it and they were organized prayer vigils at certain times. it was so deep on every possible level is hard to explain. hi think that is one of the reasons i felt i needed to do the book but by that time we had been out of work for a year, still had tolerant employers but were not working much. we had to move the family to memphis, with literally peeled off everything in life you can peel off other than the bare miss the city. he got into remission again and we came home and we were on our

way to memphis for what was to have been at scheduled checkup before school started and on the way there, out of the blue he said do you think i am going to die? we were close to the car when that happened. it took us a lifetime to respond absolutely not. the next day we found out he was already relapsing again. almost like there was something inside that he knew, whether it was physiological or spiritual or whatever. he sensed something. that was the time the third chapter started. we hadn't even thought that far ahead. we thought we won the lottery the second transplant and i got a call from the physician's

assistant that morning in the hotel room that we received brennan's biopsy results and needed to coming and speak to dr. leon and discuss options and that is when you go into the conference room, the same room we went to an emery when they told us -- but he had actually already, dr. leon and the transplant team knowing how aggressive they were already thinking of plans abc but not where they had done that. he had actually created protocol where they were reusing me as that donor, a parent and a parent's immune system is half of a child. the theory was a portion of the

immune system that didn't match what attack and kill. his kidneys and attack it this was they felt they had a new protocol, a new drug to -- out of the indian system these cancer cells and that is what we decided to do. at that point in time if we were to mention a half transplant most institutions at the time thought we were playing dr. frankenstein i think. we said the cancer is that, he

said let's do it. we did the third transplant with me as that donor and he became really really ill. there were cognitive issues, his memory was going crazy. the transplant was shaky, 18 never fully grafted, the tests were showing it was taking root the immune system was fighting against the second, the first, his original cells and ultimately when he -- they had a syndrome where the immune system went totally haywire. and everything started shutting down. pulmonary failure, that was the night he was in the hospital and this is not looking good and his heart rate 170 sitting in the hospital bed, his lungs were working so hard. we took him to i see you --icu

and gave him more oxygen support and we have to put him on a ventilator or there's no way he is going to explain the risks, and one thing we got to ask to we have time to go to school to get his brother so they can come by? they said that would be a good idea. at that point you are in a place where you know you're giving it up to god. at that point you just know there is nothing you can do. they put him on the event and after -- long story short a week later he started coming off of the thing. but the problem was he lost the graft, the transplant had failed. he had developed in that period of time the transplant was teetering, developed another blood disorder, having played

the transfusions day after day, as that never stopped and after christmas of that year the team said we can try out for transplant with his mom as a donor. obviously, wanting to try mine again at that time. the team was split. by that time they said comfort care is what you need to consider. they were not pushing as one direction or the other but let us know clearly we had done more than most anybody had ever done in that period of time but you take some home, led to enjoy have some quality of life in his home room with his friends and family but quality of life at that point in time, the way he is taking him home to die would have happened the lot quicker. there wouldn't have been any quality there. his mom just took upon herself

to ask some the question and explain that that was his choice and he said i will go for it. he was so frail. he hadn't had solid food in months. but he would still managed to get up and do -- read his knock knock jokes or whatever. just you have to chockablock to him. we had a team that wasn't going to quit as long as he wasn't going to quit. i can tell you how much time i spent on my knees. faith is a cute part of this whole thing. sort of reacquainted oneself with the end relearning to for a. how can you sit and ask god to help you with your kid when there are other kids dying? you felt like why do we deserve to be different? is like living on top of mount

everest with the air so thin, it is beautiful in a certain way because -- all of the -- all of the quirky things, those all go away. we had to be there for him and be strong for him and do this again. the fourth transplant basically was almost like a repeat of the third. total organ failure, organ shutdown, ventilator and at that time the doctors said they were it -- at that point even they were giving it up to god. we got back to memphis and found he had turned the corner. at that time, all of the immune

system, all of those symptoms of the kidney shutting down and deliver shutting down response to the new immune system taking charge. dr. leon, the head of transplant looked at me and said we got it this time. he could tell from his experience that was such an aggressive, quick graft he felt we finally got that friction and the fact that he survived that that was the last transplant almost four years ago. you was in the hospital for a year after is that. he developed a severe case of chronic graft, the symptoms of the disease meaning the graft, meaning the immune system, the host being in the person's body that is the number-1 killer of transplant patients, adult or kids. we had to monitor it that quickly and aggressively and that was basically handled in

memphis. we even came home, the symptoms became so dire we had to airlift into memphis but eventually he started eating again and there reentry part was really hard at that time. you are back, you made it. i can't tell you how hard is you start life over again after that. that thing -- the things that used to inspire me whether it was my guitar or my work or whatever i still have a hard time with it. i am just getting to the point of doing things i used to do with a smile on my face. that is what i communicate. it is not like all of a sudden he is in remission game over, high five and move on about your

lives. physically different. subject to toxic treatment, he is small, cognitive side effects scar tissue at the campus, taking chemotherapy orally until this week and and immune suppressant and they took him off of that. he is back to school. he would have walked in this room thinking there is anything different about it. here is a kid who was manifesting himself as someone we shall be like. everything that he was doing he wasn't regretting that he was

the victim, all my friends back home are in school. never complained about that. whether it was focusing on his joke book and finding true, honest, gratitude and something he was given, in this awful place he was, is that a lesson we could all learn, in a way people ask me about the book and the way i described it it is a combination war diary and man's search for meaning because here we are being talked about finding meaning in awful circumstances and i struggle to think if that had happened to a sibling of mine or a parent,

would it have been any different? that was the most valuable lesson i have never been talked. >> for more information and booktv's visit to augusta and many other cities visited by our local content vehicles go to c-span.org/localcontent. >> after the cuban missile crisis the line between the two cold war camps were clear and what an act of aggression would be. that is not true today and is challenging. if you look at the political psychology work of a colleague of mine in princeton, they show

humans are much more willing to take risks than to pay costs to defend what they believe is rightfully theirs than to get new things. there are exceptions. hitler, thank god he is an exception but most humans in most places are willing to pay higher costs and take bigger risks to defend what they believe is rightfully theirs than to gain new things. when you have clear lines between potential adversaries it is a useful thing because crossing that line is relatively easy to d term because it is delineated what would be an aggression and what would not be. in east asia that is not the case, several claimants in the south china sea including china, claimants in the islands, in the east china sea. it is my strong impression from talking to people in various capitals that they all true the

believe their claims are legitimate. they are all since year. this is the worst possible outcome. they all believe they are defending something rightfully theirs and if they give it up they will lose something bad and lose more things in the future. and conflict crises that arise over those conflicts and a lot of nationalism in china and other parts of east asia including places like malaysia in the south china sea, the philippines, and vietnam for example. how do you deter or dissuade china from selling its disputes? it is not easy china, china develops new capabilities to bring leverage to bear and there is an escalation risk that needs to be recognized and that is that the united states is militarily stronger as in china

in almost all measures of military power bliss and systems china has chosen to develop that the united states hasn't the united states is superior militarily of a lot of ways the united states is superior is the united states has reduced capabilities of adversaries early in the conflict so if we think of the conventional systems china has built and we think of the nuclear assistance it poses a challenge. some of the most potent conventional systems china has created to raise potential cost to adversaries are conventionally tipped ballistic missiles on mobile systems and submarines. china's modernize nuclear force is made up of nuclear-tipped solid fuel mobile missiles and submarines, submarine launched

ballistic missiles. the problem is in of a crisis in order to protect u.s. deployed forces it might be tempting for american commanders and the american commander in chief to try to strike at those conventional capabilities to protect american people enforces from higher costs of operating in the region. that makes sense. the problem is the kinds of attacks particularly attacks on the chinese mainland by submarine ports or command and control facilities or mobile missile sites or command-and-control facilities that control those missiles we never launched such a thing against a nuclear power before and in the case of china there is dangerous overlap in the types of systems china uses for nuclear deterrence and what it uses for conventional coercion. if command-and-control systems and mobile missile sites were struck or command and control systems or submarines were struck and submarines were struck a