they're going to the free country. and i had my own experiences when i was secretary of the treasury. the big brouhaha about a bake sale so i got the cia to help me and they did a great job we knew more than they do. and i talk to the aicher cultural people who were appalled because we could track how much juice spent my a wife was a nurse she could hardly get out fast enough.

the operation and stowe antivenin and i had about of interactions and they're very uneasy of the soviet economy. i might say this was not the attitude of the ncaa or dod. but he disagrees at one point in his diary reagin rights bill said i should ask for george does recognition. [laughter] and actually he says that is what i want him to do arabia should ask him for the resignation. [laughter] hero to those things out. but another thing that

happened is i got back from a trip to new chide them aware of what happened we got all lots of so on saturday morning how about coming over for supper? we go over and the four of us sit around and now they're asking me about the chinese leaders and what kind of people are they? to they have a sense of humor? what are they worried about? then they start to ask me about the soviet leader's and i am sitting there saying to myself, this guy has never had an important meeting in -- with the big time communist leader. so i have great difficulty

to have weekly meetings to with the ambassadors the object was no big deal. so i said you talk to him. he said that as a great idea it will just take me 10 minutes i will tell him the new leader so we came but then to spend an hour-and-a-half. but a least one-third of the time reagan focused on the human rights issues and the pentecostal stu said i just want something to happen. remember the pentecostal russian jews the embassy?

just like of big neon sign we should point them out and do something about that. so that is what happened. all above finlay's i think there were 60 or something like that and i said to the president's will lead matter if you don't go? he said all the time i will not say a word. i said to myself that little incident had meaning because

president reagan you could make a deal with these people and the soviets' new how tempting that was to say look at what i did. so they said you can trust us and i think there was something there that helped in the long run that all these things happen before gorbachev came along. so we set the agenda very publicly people have 1500 we had nine in reset our objects to go read o one o ridiculous position but that was the agenda. week audit. so lot happened before gorbachev came along for are not trying to say he wasn't a big figure but when i was the most upset is when we

withdrew from the negotiations that was scary in its way but after giving them credit and gradually over time the soviets settle down a little bit and by the summer of 1984 i was able to go to the president to say mr. president, four or five of the embassy's and i said maybe you want to think this over because jimmy carter canceled those meetings of the with into afghanistan and they are still there. he said get them here. said gorbachev came and what

was done was i had a good relationship with nancy she always would fix me up with a movie star. that was how i got with ginger rogers bed we would work -- the we come to the white house in she likes the idea. as soon as use you as -- and sees nancy it is a big point every night before you go to sleep peace. [laughter] so he is a little taller she said i will whisper it into

your year. that was fun but then we started the negotiations and got that going again. there is an interesting cable to president reagan talked about getting rid of nuclear weapons and all this happened and set the stage for gorbachev. when you talk about the secretary, he is the new foreign minister but the least we should have a human relationship. so for the first time they were in a lot. >> i think that was very important to you wonder what

is the relationship is remiss secretary and gorbachev? >>. >> so we had the very first big summit meeting he put into place a program to make it hard to get vodka. so the dinner was that the soviet place we are sitting around, about 10 of us than the guy comes around with vodka and caviar to fill a shot glasses with care year he says mr. president i had to come all the way from geneva. [laughter] i said they have a pretty good relationship.

[laughter] >> this question is whether you would have done anything differently if you did it again? is there anything on the american side that you might have done differently? >> it was important to build up our strength in the first was to build the military back up. there even wearing their uniforms that the pentagon. so we increase the budget so

that is the beginnings of a remote flint request to. >> bed thickest disappointment as of then president bush.

>> but at the end of the speech he was announcing a the end and we had a reflection and and he was obviously an ec and did not want to be there but then i read that basically says dave made a change and they

gave them a a very cold war of a president at was important to the.

>> do you think things would have been different with the different american president to? i must you think the person of these matters in this so i had some contact in the kennedy and johnson administrations but with those deep values and his ideas if not a he understood

why he had to do this. with the goal is to get the government's hand out of

your pocket and onto your back. but he interested when he was talking about. >> what about gorbachev? what do you make of him? he is a brilliant man. i got to know him reasonably well and i like camelot. when he came here not long after left office he was still the general secretary he came here some want to visit me and he asked for the lights at stanford and

we had a star spangled group i had a rehearsal the day before that we have one hour we will go round the room so think of something to say in your field that has real content in four minutes. we went around the room and gorbachev responded to each of these interventions with content. he had no way of knowing ahead of time and it was brilliant. ready was done to add one was the earthquake expert who said we had an earthquake in san francisco

and. we need people to build things. oh what a penetrating remark? but right now it is the best rahab everett had he is more informed analysts who put you better have a

conversation. and i'll learn where the idea is are that we're moving into the information age. >> i do know according to

the soviet documents that is your information that i have to say when i was going it was a red letter day because photocopiers were thought but the change of the technology was going to threaten the whole system. in a way, of the soviet leader's?

>> will still we the agent of but. >> he did not take a minute and said we like that. he said we come on and the chefs so they're at home they have never seen these 24.

>> we have roving microphones and a little bit of time. who will go first my question is regarding the reagan doctrine as it applied to support in afghanistan and the contras and even in cambodia. can you tell us how important that was in the whole scheme of things and if inclined can you tie it to a similar policy in which the present administration is trying ben now working very well? >> we thought the soviet union should be challenged

in places where they wind like angola. we went about it to say we would support the people who were there to present and but then they don't push the envelope too hard. it is a shame we have a little project.

>> rabil just cancel it and see them over there. no problem. [laughter] so now we say it is here after all. [laughter]

>> let me move on. >> a good friend of mine to but beyond his bomb building was a much of a factor in the course of the vince. is there anything you could add to that? >> i think he was the presence we were very well aware of. by the time i took office

then they could see the man who stood up to the regime. and was very clear about it so he stood up to the regime and was banished but when we have a human-rights agenda and gorbachev came to power but i talk to him a couple of times with the neighbors were objecting because --. [laughter] he was very proud of the quality of the cookies. >> i think that is an

important aspect. >> i think the kgb could handle them personally arrest them and give warnings to young people who started to become involved as a dissident movement to warn them off. but is still had to arrest a lot of people. what it could not do was stop the leaching of ideas and to the heads of the soviet people. no matter how many decisions

but it would have gotten him arrested 10 years before. the dissidents didn't threaten the street demonstrations but what it did threaten wusses inside people's. good giant of the 20th. >> he was a key person and it will be an important book >> secretary shultz, when you responded to the

question about the most dangerous period when you were pessimistic about progress you mentioned the aftermath of the deployment of the missiles in germany. and if i recall, president reagan made a speech january january 1984 that was widely seen to reach out to the soviet union. was the speech a results of the perfect ganda but you mentioned the deployment was a key turning point but to deal with the aftermath of the deployment. >> we are trying to deal with the aftermath and

actually it was coordinated to give out a high level speech not long after that there was of meeting somewhere in helsinki or somewhere and i made a more operational version of the president's speech we didn't agree to anything but at least it was the simple meeting. the beginning of something. >> my question is to secretary shultz how do you compare gorbachev?

you praise gorbachev but on the event how was it to deal with any of them? >> i met with both of them lot. they're both extraordinary people and very able. but the king was one of those that they were hard to interpret but not ping. [laughter] i found a relationship with china kind of rocky. so i went to china and was

with ping and by counterpart we said you put on the table anything you want to talk about we will make an agenda out of that then worked our way through i will come to beijing and least once a year you come to finish this season least once a year and we will carve out there for hours and have staff work on the agenda in the library. he supported that approach but i had a meeting with him july 1988 my last meeting and secretary of state the

leroy glad there was a coherent world there. was first class spin again

from the hoover institution. human shen day a little bit your trip to poland and hungary did you suspect of dominoes to fall as they did? i know we were worried about that in asia. >> we are limited on time you only get one question. >>. >> peter wrote the teardown the wall speech. i reflected on that. i didn't happen to be in berlin at the time had to

fight for the affidavit good job. what are reflected on was a metaphor for reagin to say to people this can change even this beautiful looking wall can come down so we sent him a message the president is one thing they can change he'd deliver that consistently he gave a fascinating speech at a university after the moscow summit and was invited to talk to the students there and i sat there and i could hear him talking and could understand cry had a place right to watch the students the first i can see this as

a she is talking about us to say the information as it lung dash age is coming with the effect it will have on your life and they would come to life and start paying attention. reagan had no way ballet. >> where did gorbachev come from? i have heard speculation over the years that as far as i know was only speculation that the bureau was responding to the resurgence of the american economy i even heard it say that although by our standards was an older figure he seemed as a young

vigorous man so after the of poland to bureau goes with gorbachev did you ever get that feeling with the bureau thought it was doing to drop down to generations to leave him general secretary? if we have archive all ought evidence of their deliberations? where did that man come from? >> a thing first we got word from margaret thatcher we can do business with this guy. remember when they were the first leaders.

>> basically i have the first question as peter but is there any evidence what was happening in the united states in terms of the success of the military buildup and the other efforts that have been discussed that this led to ruth the election of a more vital open leader?

but this comes back to peter's question all through the '80s the bureau's secretly debated all whole range of political and economic and cultural and religious and imperial problems if you think of eastern europe as part of the empire and did it endlessly. they showed that they looked at the symptoms of disease on a weekly basis. they could never get around to agree on the need for a cure. they were late a doctor who could talk endlessly about symptoms but was fearful

about framing the cure. and i feel it was american pressure over the years but also they had four or five years where they tried to confront darr problems and nothing had happened that means gorbachev was given a better chance to reform than he would have if elected for five years earlier because it was alleged international and internal difficulty. >> we are out of time. so thank you to use secretary shultz. a very interesting

presentation. [applause]

>> i am thinking of the conversation revolves around the and documented as of the goals beyond a the more the undocumented are contributing across the united states in all walks of life and are poised to make a long-term contribution to society if we allow the status into not allow them to be marginalized.

>> we year in new york city we like to talk with authors to get previews of the bookstores this no -- a book coming all called the riches. -- the witches. we all know about the salem witch trials. >> that is what got me started.

about the accusers and it is those historical moments like the crucible as a work of fiction with history itself we think the witches burned but already without political propaganda that is all the basic facts are wrong. >> this is how the trial occurred where