[applause] >> my book is called people of the red earth. i wrote it because i wanted to go back into the prehistory of the area. so many people don't know about it and people still don't know mhem h but there are more and more studies

and excavations that are revealing of prehistory of the area that goes back 13,0ffs years now in this area. a people that were here first are called the pale indians the evidey ine of their existence is becoming more numerous. they are found close by evear along the colorado river. but pearple were living actually in houses that are semi subterranean structures more than sell mhffs years ago. to me that is just fascinating thinking of people shivering in caves that they may hthe bie been in stlosctures.

i think the early time period it is interesting. the vegetation was totally dian.erent than. e wiout 10,ffsaskfeet higher in terms of the ecosystem this is juniper here but in the late pleistocene it could be conieenr or aspirin. saddam by a river maybe it was juniper instead of saltbush. but this indly in time was pret des scary. they had saber toothed cats cats, a cave bears that were 14 eenet tall that had an arm span ofin cjunieenet. they were competing for shelter with the people.

of course, their loved up ros ro overhangs so did the bears so there was competition but every time a hunter whe bie to be prepared tt with a gly int sloth that was 15 feet tall and the sabres to ruth katz and though woolly mammoth worse huge. bay acts belly hunted them. it took a community just to it took a community just to haunt one tear again it away then traveling for days to make it tighter then to do come in for the kill to haul that back for the kill -- back to the camp they would kill four or five per year it was adid yuous.

and they probe wily lived on der and elks and bighorn sheep and rabbits and squihousels. then there is the archaic rn scure that comes after that that is the culture that survives a thousand evears for gore around here you find a lot of archaic sites. the of pleistocene era had disappeared we did find some not a lot but the deere and the elk with lots and lots of bighorn sheep. when you look at the hour ros ro art you can see hundreds of bighorn sheep depicted.

so i think that formed a pret des major parts of their diet they reduce it for tools or the horns to hold things sometimes they would put holes in them to use them as a wrey inh to straighten the arrow shaft for the spear shaft. and would use all parts of all animails. it was a life s desle that worked otherwise it would not have lasted 8,000 years. in the book to try to cover the fremont culture.

appear their growing season was not as long but they had houses but they never develowhatthe mesa topped communities with a little bit of forming. there are well known for thatior rtingk art motif huge triangular figures with shields and spears sometimes it looks like hdiean heads. there were very defensive people. i dunno against whom but their culture is evident in this area may be through a

11ffsad then it just seems that the evidence is not around. that doesn't mean they disappeared. there was ted drought that might hthe bie affected their way of life it did the four corners pearple. and was part of the reason they moved out of colorado. a the fremont and may have affected them they had people that came after them says a culture it might have been the fremont they may have been descendants of the fremont and a lot of the elders believe thaew people believe the pace speeeight alternate language that is spoken a lot in the

tribes in california and the aztecs in mexico and the hopi indians in arizona. they were eric river and could have been for quite a long time but around here evidence begins about the time the ay inestral pvivblo left in the fremont pearple disappeared although that isn't really the right word. the pearple initially were hunters and gatherers. they did not far much. they had small family groups to use the resources around them. aroundin c6ad day acqacered spanish forces.

and once they became a horse culture, they banded together in larger groups to go a lot further than they would ride over the rocky runs to the east side river more bison and hunted there and a peacered from the shiny and and arapaho the kiowa, apache and the comay inhe. so now the bie a tepee like thes indians. before that the dogs would cahousy that tend to materly il and other smucplies. but with the horse you could put people structure on them with the big head btp.

20 bison hides. so they weighed a lot. you have more pearple rse culture. they became a essentially out of western colorado the ponies were encall to be adapted to the winding trails of the rtingky mountains and they knew their mountains the other people would come in and day would keewhatmost of them now. and the colorado the 1850's

or '60s gold was discovered with all of the coldien writer drives were not gooi d with the immigrants going to california to pastor northern colorado and would follow a the rivers. and thatior horses and oxen which use the grass along the river to rn t down trees for firewood with smalle bx end a cholera and measles it was the beginning of the end of the native culture. ces in thin it utah the was a

reservation there. some of the cultures in the america does are disappearing in terms oapa@ their lanr gages and ceremonial knowledge of their legends and stories and migrations the end it is all within the last sell0 evears. we could say i was not there. but by jill -- jews still hold the rese bns the frility of these cultures disappearing after thousands of years. it is a moral issue. i thim a the more they learn e wiout ite nthe more they will

understand.

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>> next up, booktv's "after words" program. kathryn edin talks about a growing number of american families surviving on virtually no income. she's interviewed by representative gwen moore, democrat of wisconsin. >> host: well, good -- well, hello, professor edin. >> guest: it's so is good to be here with you. >> host: well, it