for more employees wages go up and middle-income families and poor families do better. it's the only way i know to help middle-income families have wages rise. they don't have a real income increase unless there are more jobs and real competition bidding up the real price of labor, and so that is something i didn't communicate well enough and we have to do particularly with the minority community, our policies are designed to give your kids better education, to get families out of poverty, to create more jobs so there's better wages and conditions for people who are working, that's why we believe in what we believe. i think we can do that. i think we can get minority populations to support our party, i didn't do it as well as

i should have, i wish i could do that properly and i'm going to try and help others in the race to do so. i believe the nominee will have that capacity and make that case. it's been unfortunate that that some of the rhetoric has clouded for the picture that we are antiimmigrant. nothing can be further from the truth. let me -- [laughter] >> my party is proleggal immigration massively. of the top 25 companies in america, high-tech companies in america, top 25, 60% of them, 60% of them were founded or cofounded by first generation or second generation immigrant. we -- one of the things we are -- we have a system that attracts the best and brightest of entrepreneurs around the world. we need that, we want that. it's part of creating the enterprise that create more good

jobs to lift our people and bring better wages. now we want immigration to work so that we bring in the best and the brightest, we don't want illegal immigration to swamp our legal immigration system, but the ret tick -- rhetoric has been that i want source of vitality and culture for our country. it's a big plus. >> all right, thank you very much, governor. >> thank you. >> on tomorrow's washington journal a conversation on last month's unemployment rate which remained at 5.1% as 142,000 jobs were added. and we'll look at trust and auto makers in the aftermath of volkswagon cheating on standards, we are joined by david of the detroit news.

washington journal live on c-span each day at 7:00 a.m. eastern. and then sunday on newsmakers, top democrat on the house foreign committee, he'll answer questions about the iran nuclear deal which he voted against as well as russian military strikes in syria, the house and leadership changes among republicans. news makes with eliot engel at 6:00 p.m. eastern. >> the c-span network, nonfiction books and american history. saturday morning, talk to the experts about the announcement and possibility of life in space. sunday evening at

6:30 policymakers, business leaders and media penalties discuss issues, speaker massachusetts governor mitt romney. c-span2 book tv saturday night at 2:00 eastern, marta discusses book of presidential transitions. and sunday at noon at in-depth, live with talk show host, rebooting the american dream, we take your phone calls, facebook, saturday afternoon at 2:00. author explores events of april

april 1936 murder and the arrest of jewish factory owner leo frank. sunday afternoon at 4:00 on real american, 1975 federal energy administration documentary on the supply and demand of fossil fuels in the u.s. get our complete weekend schedule at c-span.org. >> we are going to show you more from the aspen institute and atlantic magazine washington ideas forum. up next secretary powell as well as billionaire investor david, and former hostage in syria. >> it is part of your domain. the medium income was lower in 2014. it was lower when w bush left.

what -- why have income stagnated for so long and a path -- >> let's get back for a minute. and then about 1973 that stopped being the case. if you step back and say, why is that. it's really reduction in investment in what we call the education, infrastructure, things that can keep america competitive and keep or workforce competitive. so when we step back and think about what are we going to do about that and what is path, we have to think about is how do we

invest in worker product i have so they -- productivity, it was the beginning of when technology advances start to impact productivity, and so we have to continue, so the path to continue investing, which is something that we did not think about our budget, we think about our budget as expenditures, but actually we have to invest, invest in our people, we have to invest in infrastructure, we have to invest in trade agreements, we have to invest in innovation and entrepreneurship, i can go into details -- >> let me ask you one question. you point out the productivity has grown. the way gain in the economy. >> well, i think it's all of the

above. i think what we have to do is -- use politics to prioritize. it's been flat since 1980. that's not going to help us when the rest of the world and other large economist are spending more and more money. that's what puts us in a less competitive situation. the path forward to me involves basic education, what are we teaching kids in school, how are we teaching them. why is connectivity so short so they have access to broadband, it's so we can stay ahead. we have to invest frankly in immigration, we need -- we have a shortage of high-skilled workers. there's an opportunity in terms of immigration reform to deal with that, but also there's an economic opportunity and a moral

obligation. all the data about we we are not investing. i was just efsi, it's a company that allows someone to start business at home and run their business on a marketplace. it's a public company. you know, a fast-growing public company here in the united states and a marketplace for workers to sell things. we have to be able -- 90% which are women. these are micro businesses and

there's a new definition of what business in productivity that we are not connecting. >> in january 2010 the president set the goal of doubling exports. he obviously did not meet the goal. i'm wondering what else you learned about trying a get more u.s. companies to exports and b trying to get those that do expand operations. >> first of all, why is the goal so important? the goal is so important because we can't -- we need an all-of-the-above strategy. our superhero. right. exactly. but the point is is that it's not just about our market. it's also about being able to access the world's market and the fastest growing market.

we had spoken with business leaders, what did they tell us they want, market access, we want to be able to sill our goods where we want. we need data about a specific market and a specific sector, what's the opportunity in india versus brazil for my particular good or services, they want less red tape. we want a single window, we want a simple form, we want expanded access to international financial -- to finance for international trade, so we at the department of commerce take all of this and what have we done about it, we put out report for 19 top markets around the world, what is the demand in different sectors. we've also made more of the data

available. we created screening tools on line for exporters so they can know, better access exporting. it's 105 centers around the united states whose job within your community to help you out which markets your goods and services are -- there's a market for them and where your goods and services are competitive. >> is there a target date that the president talked about? >> i think we focused on the notion that when do we hit doubling. american businesses today need to be born global and think global, we are -- globalization and global competitiveness is what is happening and so what we are trying to do is provide the tools and the services to help a business whether you're a small business like the craft businesses that i met or ge or

bow i -- boeing. >> when he arrived in seattle last week you greeted him with a speech full and frank. we and our companies continue to have serious concerns about legal transparency in protection of intellectual property, cyber policies and more generally lack of level-plain field. so how would you describe the state of our economic relations with china particularly after this visit? >> well, i think that -- let's step back. second -- china is the second largest economy of the world. this is what i said. you took one paragraph what i said. >> notable paragraph. >> any reaction by the president, by the way?

>> our president or president xi. >> you know what, the group that was traveling with with him had concerns about issues. they know it and they keep saying they want to do reform and part of my message is not just americans companies that need intellectual property protection, your companies are telling us, they're having the same problems, and so this is -- and the big message for the chinese was, look, the way you got here over the last 30 years is extraordinary. what they have established 600 million people out of poverty is amazing, and but a lot of it was on the back of selling their goods and services around the world. global demand today is slow, we know that, you read -- pick up

any newspapers. they cannot grow from where they're all today to where they want to be based on exporting their goods around the world. and they need to have a stronger domestic economy, which means they need to develop a greater social safety net for their people and it also means that they need to develop intellectual property, protection or commercial courts of law which they've asked to help with. one of the things we -- they agreed to the is create courts of law, intellectual property court because they recognize they're becoming a mature innovative economy. they need these things. they're not doing it for that reason, they're going to consider doing this or trying to

do this for their own benefit. >> when you know area they talked about was response to allegations of cyber-attacks. the question now is are words followed by actions, so what is the time-frame, thinking whether it works, sanctions still on the table if it doesn't? >> you know, i think -- there's not a precise time-frame but what i would say is the message was clear, actions speak louder than words and what are you doing about this. let's take an area where big progress was made, bilateral investment treaty. that was really struggling to make progress and leading up to this visit, significant progress has made in terms of sectors of the economy, they are talking about opening up. now, is there more work to do, of course, there's more work to

do. that will be the story of our relationship with china throughout our lifetimes, but there was progress made, so we have to acknowledge where progress is made and have to continue to work where there are challenges. they say they're very committed to what -- one of the biggest issues that i've been talking to them about over this year has been intellectual property protection. they want and need technologies from around the world. they have also some of their own world-class technologies. they need this. they want to do it better. they've asked for our help. we've offered our help. now, let's see what happens. >> you're on your way to cuba? >> yes. >> by the end what do you expect in economic relationships. >> i think that we have to step back for a minute. it's almost 55 years without a relationship with cuba.

i think that the first thing that we have to do aside from what's happened is acknowledge is that we have relations now is we have to build trust because economic relationship, first you have to trust each other and part of my trip is really mission and rr does that -- right now there are some -- there's a limit as to how much the president can do by executive order. we are trying to do what we can because we want the cuban -- the cubans want an more open relationship. we want an open relationship with cuba. the pace of that would be somewhat dependent on two factors. their distribution systems are run entirely by the government.

the internet is very limited capability and access at this point. only 2 million of 11 million with cell phones. a lot of infrastructure that needs to happen. we have to put this in perspective. significant -- there's a lot of warming throughout the country. >> we are down in the last minute. china is killing us. méxico is killing us, japan is killing us. we have incompetent people. we are losing money.

i know the smartest guys on wall street. i mean, we have people that are great. >> well, i'm friends with all of them. >> promoted secretary. >> i missed that. >> would we get a better deal? >> you know, i think that -- i think that that is simplifying the situation way too much. let's take tpp, we are literally as we speak trade representative is working on trying to close out the partnership. our teams are down there helping negotiate on the open issues and -- and biologics.

it's hard. you have made a deal with two people, imagine trying to make a deal on 12 countries on 26 different chapters of issues. this is complicated. this is hard. it's not just about one negotiator making the difference. it's all about those industries and all those countries having a point of view about what you're agreeing to and how it's going to affect their equities. that's what you're trying to do, yet, at the same time the president has set a goal that i want a high-standard agreement. we are not just making any agreement to check the box. we are trying -- what we are trying to do with the partnership is create a set of what are the rules to the road for trade in the 21st century. what are the kind of labor standards, environmental standards, intellectual property

standards, what about commerce. so it's a -- you know, this is complicated. i think we have terrific negotiators, very tough and i'll put them up against whoever donald trump -- >> thank you for joining us. [applause] ♪ ♪ ♪ >> next up powell. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> thank you. >> right before the vote, you want the meet the press and say i'm in favor of it, why the timing and why were you in favor of it? >> well t timing was that i studied it very carefully and at

that point the president had enough to, you know, overwrite a veto, i thought we could do more than that, 41 votes to keep it from going to a veto, the reason why it's a pretty good agreement, when i look at it, the problem was to stop the iranian program now, now the one that might exist in 10-15 years, but the one that exists now. the verification system is most aggressive than what i've seen. when you get a country like iran that has 19,000 things running, centrifuges running, me on -- they agree to cut centrifuges by two-thirds and allow to put cement, i thought this was a good deal. >> it wasn't just the better thing to do now that we have gotten in the position.

this was something that was good. >> it seemed that was good. the other problem was that we had been working for 90 years with allies, if we had said, no, the allies are going forward anyway. so it made no sense for us to back out. it made lots of sense to go forward. people are complaining, well, it leaves a paid enrichment 15 years from now. centrifuges are going to be in storage at that point. iran would be starting from a lower point. 15 years with economic relations with the rest of the world will change the thinking of whoever is in charge in iran after the it passes away. >> do you think we could have a fundamental relationship with iran in terms of alliance of interest? >> i would never use the word alliance speaking with iran and of iran. i've been burned by iran in the

past. so i have no illusions about the iranian regime and i know that terrorism and causing mischief is operational strategy, but this was the problem that was most important to the world that they were getting closer and closer to being able to have the material needed for nuclear weapons, and that's what i thought we should stop, that's what they worked to stop and frankly that's what we stopped. i think that's a good agreement and worth the support of -- >> why did you become totally partisan? >> why does anything become totally partisan in washington, d.c.? i don't know. it became partisan and then, of course, netanyahu felt strongly about it. the president was able to

succeed in getting the agreement in place and allies are working with us and i think it does open new opportunities, but i'm not saying it reflects a new total relationship with iran. let's just focus on this particular thing, make sure they do what they are expected and promise to do and put a verification regime in there that ensures that we can keep track of it. i talked to the head of intelligence community, aye talked to secretary of energy and they are confident they can verify what's happening. >> and you're confident? >> i can smell 50 years or 5,000 years. >> right. >> a signature that you can't really hide. >> one reason it became partisan is a lot of your republican friends who think very much like you absolutely i would guess would favor this deal but didn't

have that opinion? >> i had that opinion. >> why did they did or did not? [laughter] >> ask them, don't ask me, i don't know. i'm, you know, i am basically still a military officer and not politician. i have been with weapons since i was a young captain when i learned how to use. my first assignment to guard atomic, commander, i was ready to call up nuclear weapons. as chairman of joint chief of staff, i had 28 nuclear weapons under my supervision and i know what nuclear weapons can do. any time we stop a program the way we stopped a program, that's a valuable result of the agreement and i felt i had an obligation from my military as well as political and diplomatic

support to the agreement. >> do we have a conflict with iran in stopping isil? >> both have interest. i would not say that we are in alliance with iran -- with iran over syria. perhaps the most complicated issue i've ever experienced. the problem right now is that we have to decide which is the first priority. in a military we're thought taught which one is priority. there's also phase two operations you might undertake. the main attack, what we have to focus on is defeating, destroying, noot -- i don't like

mr. assad. i've worked with him trying to work with him, i should say. he's a path -- pathalogical liar. what comes after him? do we know what will happen when assad eventually does step down if he steps down voluntarily or he's pushed out. remember he represents not just the government, he represents so we have to be careful before we get too deeply in removal. i want him out but i also want isil defeated as first priority rather than focusing on assad. ..

>> >> you get chaos. not only do you get chaos with lots of people killed the leading and fleeing as we see to get to a place that is safer and they have a better life.

germany, united kingdom. >> senator corker this morning citing the pottery barn rule with all due respect. >> you are responsible for that. [laughter] >> this was a long time ago. >> but if you get yourself involved in and break a government by invading or other means remember now you are the government. the pottery barn company after fessing got a lot of mileage out of that. >> go back to foreign policy to say if you violated that going into syria and iraq in or even afghanistan or libya. first of all, was a dumb

mistake to go without a plan >> there was a plan to go to iraq and afghanistan but they have turned out not to be as successful as they might be. >> i don't do retrospect very well. >> what is the point? [laughter] >> no. [laughter] we went to the un on iraq in hussein had met the standards that they put before him. >> with george to be bush having been satisfied leaving saddam hussein in

power? >> at that time my conversation with the president he made it clear we were satisfied then he would not had the rationale to go and conduct the invasion and may have been ugly but he would have stayed in place but he felt it was necessary based on the intelligence we had that it was in the interest of the of world with that absence of that kind of agreement it was appropriate. i supported him that every tried the when but of great disappointment is we did not do well be made strategic mistakes the president was told for months we would preserve the iraqi army to establish all the positions than suddenly one morning it happened and it was not well coordinated to not consider

all the chaos in their other mistakes that were made either great believer in my own doctor and lawyer dash doctrine that is something i made up. [laughter] that "the washington post" called it that. it must be nice to have a doctor named after you. [laughter] but a when you start off make sure you have been the forces in place to have the decisive outcome. we forgot that the war was not over we did not put a new government in place and there was still total disarray that is when we should have had a surge we finally did 2006 and 2007. >> didn't the secretary of defense say we didn't need that? >> that was his be.

[laughter] >> what lessons do you apply ? >> i know how that will turn out also as an infantry officer it has a role to play it also cause civilian casualties and destroys the infrastructure of the city. if they suddenly start to bomb i will leave the plane as well so you have to understand that air power can be a blunt instrument not just innocent civilians but what it does to the water plants and though oil field destroys a lot of property if you cannot be

too specific like we have bombed the isis stronghold the movement is all over the place after have been in the battle you tend not to make yourself that better be available. you will notice this city that has fallen in afghanistan to the taliban and they're not letting people leave the city. i wonder why? it cannot be balm to. >> go back to syria. putin has said something with that we need to get a coalition and together while the focus on fighting isis' should we have talks? >> apparently secretary kerry is having talks and that is why is. i went to my life always

willing to talk to people with people live like that and did not like because that is the strength of america's system not to brag about ourselves saying that we are indispensable or exceptional. everybody knows that. we don't have to say that with the constraints to talk to everybody in the world you don't have to show off they know what we have got and what we can do. if i was secretary of state i would say let's talk so how can we find some way to make sure we don't run into each other? but second pal can be a fact isil to stop their advance? russia has also said they don't want to put troops on

the ground. >> i suspect we should not be surprised. >> he would walk giveback? >> i didn't say that we should not depend in the position but we should not be surprised those who had an interest in syria with a naval base there and have been supporting from this conflict with assad we should not be surprised he put in airplanes and troops he did not wish to see their regime collapsed. but assad and the regime at some point has to pass on substitutes talk about this to say what they have in mind. >> integration has become the inflamed issue. have you get beyond that? >> the american people have to understand we're in

immigration. [applause] it is our history and tradition locale we have been built on the backs of immigrants you always have difficulties with the policy throughout history with the chinese building railroads and eastern european immigrants were looked down upon when they first came to this country. my parents came here in the united fruit votes 1920 and 1924. the school is named now after me and 90 percent of the students are minority and 80 percent say they were born in another country. as you read in the paper the asian influence the top of the hispanic influence we will be of minority majority

immigrant nation but to we are americans so we need a sensible immigration policy and if i was around mr. trump by would say let's see what happens. tell all the immigrants that were bad trump hotels to stay home tomorrow. [laughter] [applause] >> are you kidding me? when they leave to go to lunch guests who was cooking in the back? who was serving you? the next time you walk to the airport beaucoup with cleaning up the place are manning the counters they are first generation american immigrants who will raise children who will do higher things they're not mopping floors so the children can do the same the immigrant tradition gets started the next generation

will be better in the generation after will be even better. [applause] >> you endorsed president obama twice but now it is the republican position on immigration most republicans understand in there are pockets with their republican party that they can figure out how to defeat that. >> are you was sole republican? to make you did mention the fact i voted for five presidents in a row that were republican and i worked for president reagan and howard baker so yes i am

still a republican but in virginia you don't have to declare but i am still a republican because i believe in a strong defense and the entrepreneurial spirit that is so typical of the republican party but i have difficulty with the party now. i think it has shifted much further right and the country and it should be obvious to party leaders they cannot keep saying the things they are saying or doing what they're doing and hope to be successful at and national level election in the future not just 2016 but in the future. ii continue to be a republican because it annoys them. [laughter] [applause] ♪

>> good morning. since they were last on stage together you have become a new father. the child has got into hundred 80 million visitors according to you to. >> you are referring to the baby panda? >> i am. >> it would not be alive without david. >> they did tell me was likely there would be artificial insemination to produce a baby panda because they tend to fight for the four hours where they could mate and reproduce after the first two hours they decided to artificially inseminate they asked if i wanted to watch and i said absolutely not they said you want to see this even extracted i said absolutely not but it worked and now we have a new

baby panda and as a result he weighs about 5 pounds and is very healthy and he sneezed yesterday and is seen at the -- the rules seem to pay attention when the government has shut down the greatest complaints come from the pack up and carry it shut down not the social security checks not coming. [laughter] and on the "60 minutes" profile you talk about patriotic philanthropy and how that plan that fits into that with the semen extraction in particular. and as the our region as they needed some funding to keep them here i decided i

would help them but it is patriotic philanthropy by echoing a phrase if you do any philanthropy to say things that relate to help the u.s. government or to remind people of our heritage and tradition. thus the sunny gets about 60% of its budget from the federal government and 40 percent comes from contributions and philanthropy. >> some of your projects are great success like the panda. how did educate members of congress? >> i thought it would be a good idea to have members come together in a non-partisan way. >> just like the pandas and

no fighting. >> bid was a very common but i have an interest in history and what i try to do is organize a dinner typically a deceased president is not that controversial to have a dinner for the members and before we would have them gathered and to sit with members of the opposite party. and now after a year-and-a-half it is the sad commentary but they bring their wives because it is a rare time to have a

social event and learn something and spent time with members of the opposite party and not be criticized. and ron who'd did the book and next is robber did before volume series. >> getting to how you made your money house do your children feel about giving away their inheritance. [laughter] >> the presumption is the parents have money will go to a their children. that is not necessarily the case there is no evidence of a child inherits 500 million they will do something to win the nobel peace prize you can joke but it is a

burden if people take you have money and didn't do anything people will not respect you as much. so the idea is to make sure they are fully formed before they feel they will get any money from the and probably will not get any anyway. they have a good education with unconditional love and a good start they donate staggering sums of money to be successful. a lot of people come from modest backgrounds and went to save those that inherent money are not great people but generally isn't of bit of a burden there are 40 of us to sign it initially now there is 140 we celebrated the fifth anniversary we will come to washington to mark the fifth anniversary.

>> any of that you would like to have back? >> i have invested some money. [laughter] people to give away money very much on top i tend to be laid back. i don't regret anything i have done. but to go to education medical research but it doesn't get as much attention although people talk about that it was up modest amount of growth.

>> it is high profile and i enjoyed climbing to do the top putting my initial when nobody was looking. [laughter] >> mother is sure it one dash jewish. >> of holy were a doctor. [laughter] >> she did monday to be a dentist. no emergencies no weekends but you could be called a doctor. i talked her out of that she will be 85 years old and most others are pleased with their children i think she is pleased but she would never say i am proud of you building this company but now the maya of giving it away she calls me to say i am more proud now so i call

if the mother test if my mother calls then i did a good thing. >> we don't have much time left. >> it is the mysterious process. for the first 37 years to do a very good job but it was approved on the executive committee. but now we have a new producer with a process people can recommend from all over the country up committee of distinguished artist and the president and the chairman put together a slate.

>> deal had any desire to return to government? >>. >> there has never been an offer for me to go back. [laughter] when ben bernanke was chair he complained about deflationary i said i can come back but he did not invite me back. [laughter] right now you can do as much on the outside as the inside. i am happy where i am. now i am 66 and people look you differently they say you look good today. [laughter] and at the kennedy center though women that this court me they say they are six steps can you take the sword you want to take the elevator?

then you realize you have lived more at 60 you take you have another 50 but at 60 you know, that you do not know i have access to they didn't before i don't want to waste any time so i racing through life and i hope i am luckier they have some of my colleagues. i read the obituaries every day tusis who died in miami so lucky because i am older than of some of those. >> i will escort him to the elevator.

>> get was exploring that he was eager talking about from a radically different set of perspectives with the author and journalist with a ph.d. compared to literature and to take captives to work as a journalist in syria in 2012 and by his mother and cousin who worked with a coalition of people throughout that period. one and their corresponding their correspondingthe new

-- correspond for "the new yorker" for those that told the story of captivity and those of the other four hostages in their respective states. and what i am hoping we can do is to explore the story of what happens and how you managed to get them out and now you have had a more direct experience with this movement and we're hoping to get to those insights.

>> i knew he wanted to ruth get into there a couple of days to say wire you doing this? and to be fluent in the language i did not let myself or arabia he was then the process of buying a wood stove for our house in vermont. every day we had any male conversation. what color? and all of a sudden i did not hear from him. and said i did not hear from you what is going on for cry didn't get an answer and i knew that was it in something terrible had happened. i knew there was a bombing and a conflict.

i didn't know anything but i started to called my cousin and a french who worked in the congressman's office. i didn't know where to begin but that is how it started. >> what happened? >> i had made friends with two young men on the border of syria. i believe them and i got in a car with them like an idiot and i drove to the border and iran across the border we were met by another car and off we went the first night we slept in the abandoned house but the next morning i was interviewing them they put it on video by renewed questions.

i'm done. he stood up and came at me. they tied up 5/8 we're with al qaeda didn't you know, ? and that is how it began with me. >> what was going free your mind? [laughter] >> i had a friendly relationship with these people i thought i could continue i knew something about kidnappings and this environment you don't want them to pass you to another group so i tried to stay with them. but i escaped damage to the free syrian army but the islamic court and the judge gave the back to my kidnappers. >> use of the moderates we're working with the now?

>>. >> a return to me to my cab doors. >> that i belong to them and i deserve to go back to them. >> pick up the thread where nancy left and what is going on on the outside? when did you get a sense they he was still alive? >> she reached out to me and another cousin who was a former journalist. we all started to call everybody we could possibly at the time. but as a free lancer and

they started to find where he had ben with the clues that where we had ben to protect himself. with facebook to get into his mail to see what is happening. but we were incredibly fortunate we a space people and how the world works and we just kept pounding and talking to us everybody and shirley thereafter eliciting next to david bradley i said isn't that interesting we have a missing cousin he said come to washington tomorrow and it started with

david and his incredible team of people who helped us with our search but the truth was these three cousins did not discuss we had no confidence was alive but if he was dead that we did everything we could for her sake at that point to find out what had happened. it took nine months until we had proof of life and it took nine months that the american he was with tried to escape and the state department had not provided much information told us they had proof of life. >> you wrote a very powerful piece about your captivity and you described a period after where you were tortured viciously by your

cap doors but you also describe pretty continuous torture from the moment you were taken. and it wasn't even clear reading the peace what outcome they were after and why they continued to beat you and use a cattle prod on you. didn't seem interested to have you converts so what was the point? >> they want all christians all to confer you're supposed to accept it on your own but not through torture. >> you had lived in yemen two years and had written a book and was fluent in arabic. >> i know how you have to approach the religion they have to introduce you to the doctrine that first of all, for months and months they were just beating me. i would come back to my cell after words can say what was

that about? there would go to the motions and pretend it was an interrogation but i couldn't answer anything are you from the pentagon? cia? i said what is the difference? they were not after specifics. but my feeling in his is the of function of the torture is for them it is the initiation ruse ceremony will raise the children were involved in the alters the psychology of the children. this al qaeda environment with their bombing it brings them down into the basement to give them torture instruments tuesday had asked them.

they say i don't want to but they do eventually. would hold the outsiders the midway muslims they get committed through the violence so the more violence that exist the worse it is for us. >> we have of photo of the hostages that were taken if you can project that up there. can you tell us about each of them and have zero their experience differed or what was similar? >> the main difference the had the main misfortune and to be taken by isis. jim was a reporter that was captured previously in libya and thanks to david bradley who is the hero of this story was freed from the

incarceration then went back into conflict journalism and was taken by isis as another reporter named stephen. there were to a worker's - - aid workers whose started his own service to get medical gerhard with the emergency care and caleb and was an extraordinary person. and had been assisting people all over the world. and touche take on the task

it is the worst place to help people out. and you need information than you need help. often they are criticized to help out but where else you get the information? the idealistic young people like that och that participate and help out. >> the four other hostages were killed and held by isis split those two groups apart and how was it that he was freed? >> isn't so easy to split them it is very fluid the movement from one

organization to another. but actually they had relationships with catarrh and some depended on foreign aid. isis is in a different category it is the richest terror group bin history with oil and banks and taxes and it doesn't depend on aid from foreign countries and is more amenable to the pressure brought to bear on his situation. it came through this group through david and his efforts who made the connection with the head of intelligence and sent his

operatives into syria and was threatened they talked about killing him. but dade did get the word out and it was effected through the agency and david bradley is my boss. can you talk about the relationship during this period? >> early on sunday said go to the red cross international. i met with them she said i probably should not tell you this but there is another family from new greenland who has the sun taken captive.

that is how i got in touch with diana foley. they had allotting common both helping the disadvantaged we knew there would be best friends when they got out. and i did not meet the other families are even know of their existence until the bread they brought all families together for a meeting in may 2014 and we spend all day to talk about our situation and then taken around capitol hill and a fbi to meet the various congressmen and senators to meet david bradley and his team but we have already

known one another we remain close but david bradley brought us all together it is hard to recognize that he survived and the others did not that is something for us jews struggle with but the and their families with a great generosity of part recognize something that their child survived with them and their welcome him with open arms. >> and would like to return and tour the question that what could be extracted and maybe what we should be doing as a country now it is

astonishing to hear you say you were being used as an instrument to desensitize the kids to prepare them to be members of this extraordinarily violent movement. what you think? what drives your captors to this? >> desensitization is not the right words it is up hyper experience a spiritual experience for them to participate in these rituals menu cause another human being to suffer. there could be somebody hanging from the ceiling hanging at the top of his lungs and the torture room. to punish the enemies of god.

as you all are if you are american but they believe that christianity is destined to coming to an end of time conflict with islamic and it will try lamp with christianity they are approaching godliness. sorry, what was your question? [laughter] >> you answered a much better question and then what i asked but this is the debate we keep having in the u.s. >> but is what every

conventional muslim does. don't be late for your prayers dave meticulously maintained their fast. so you get mayor appoints if you read the acheron who are we to tell them they have misinterpreted their religion? you feel as though you're surrounded by islam. that you guys don't know what you are talking about. >> you are still in touch with your captors? >> yes i would like to be useful to get the people

that they have about and i do think the relationship with these people. >> the next question is based on what you have learned what do we do about this movement? >> we should send them chocolates and blankets and i really believe the situation we could keep killing them but if you have 10 and killed two then you get 20 not age. i think the bombs spread the hatred. but they create more and people come from chechen and

turkey and the entire region but to leave us solution as peacekeepers is a powerful force replenish those that refuse. >> you think we should work with assad? >> that is what i think. >> buddies assad regime doesn't threaten american interests but isis does it is a dangerous entity however most of them create a problem that is threatening the west and our allies in the region.

one added for people in in lebanon is syrian sobel palestinian exodus the 700,000 and now we have 5 million syrians away from the country and half that population is in a refugee state and this is politically destabilizing so the focus should be how do we stem that tide of refugees? to give a sanctuary that is probably helpful although the allies in the region is

that they want assad gone. to be somewhat strained in the attempt to help us contain isis and eliminating that ambivalence is very helpful in jordan when the pilot was burned alive in the cage that may have fled to other death. this is the middle east. it is like gay rubric skew without a solution. you can keep moving the pieces around. >> but just in closing, a lot like to hear your answer to how is he doing? >> i think it is self-evident. he is doing fine. he has endured a horrific

experience but i think it was hopeful he was a mature man. he was able to withdraw into himself and he has come al weis and deeper and whole. >> thanks mom. [laughter] >> we will leave it there. [applause] ♪ they accuse so much for joining us it is an honor to talk to you. all lot more than we can cover a and 15 minutes but we will cover as much as we can.

what is black lives matter? any informed person is aware of it is omnipresent sense ferguson and there are protests in every major american city. is it an actual organization? and organizing strategy? and advocacy concept or social media phenomenon? >> thanks for is this conversation. it is all of those things that is so beautiful #black lives matter began two years ago and but we knew about his life and what he experienced and the

subsequent of george zimmerman but also began as a political project we created has #black lives matter to use the social media presence for what is taking place and black communities not just because of police violence but a number of other social issues and the disparate impact that race and those outcomes and what we are experiencing every realm of our life. it is a racial justice project knowing if we were to create a project in the platform with a new way of thinking we would have an opportunity to reclaim that conversation to create a world where black lives would actually matter it was

a #and a platform and now we see is a network of 30 chapters all across the country and other countries and ghana and canada. >> is there a hierarchy or structure? there is no funding for this it is all grass roots spontaneous? >> we're still raising funds people act on their own it is a decentralized network to make their own campaign they are engaging with elected officials to have their own committee town halls for those that make sense however we are strategic to coordinate

ourselves that the national level so not only black lives matter with its own network but a consolation as social justice across the country truly a movement of community organizations. >> interesting so to come back to that philosophy but i want to tell that story how it came to be founded how euratom movie and you can now to learn by social me get the of verdict that george zimmerman was created -- acquitted how did that lead to this national movement? >> in 2013 we were watching

very closely the trial of a george zimmerman and we were concerned of trayvon martin that we were identifying with the recognized this could have spent one of our own. and i know i had just walked out to watch the film ' was killed from the police department and watching that film walking out of the movie theater i was with one of my closest girlfriends i remember sitting on the street corner to get a slew of text messages and tweets people were frantic letting us know. did you hear? george is a rich man was acquitted and what are we going to do about this?

so beginning to strategizing and rallies were planned but i remember in that moment that everybody knew what took place and despite all the knowledge and testimony he was put on trial for his own death his family has to be put on trial going through a collective trauma so i was struck by the fact my younger brother who was the youngest 14 at the time could have been trayvon martin this boy that i've loved so dearly could have his own life under threat and my cousins and so on. i knew something had to change i wanted to construct

a political project to say never again. >> said two other founders had a facebook post to galvanize this? >> it was well written of people saying we should not sit by a court take this for granted and we can do something about this but to say all lives matter and black lives matter and our dear sister put a #on it to post it it went to little viral but i called them and i said we needed to have grown social media platform i created a tumblr and a

twitter just beyond our walls this needs to be public to of other people interact with the message to understand what does this mean to them? and as a collective two major we are coordinated that all black lives matter. >> with a tactic sandblasts up -- philosophy dual-use year seoul says say revolutionary movement working alice sighed the system that tries to work with political structures?

to leave of protest he said burn everything down and then the following month bernie sanders said is to the progressive side was struck in seattle and the "minneapolis star tribune" reports that there is a marathon in minneapolis this week and. organizers say to disrupt a the marathon. but when they said we are sympathetic to the goals the please love us run the race

as the great stumbling block to freedom and who constantly say i agree with direct action in crystallizes the debate if you work within the system or without. >> so where we're at is opened to a marietta strategies and tactics. we will not condemn them and everybody the matter your economic so she knows that is you have to believe this moment in history to take action to stand on the

people that have been oppressed for generations. whenever means you need to take people should do that. >> what is the more natural part of the party? >>. >> the two-party system is not working. and the reality is these types of actions with the disruption with non-violent civil disobedience is an effort to call attention to the very real crisis that is happening in our communities.

with all sorts of different interaction is they are having. with the education system. these actions are in order to be very visible so to illustrate the of ways in which our communities are undermined time and time again to make sure the public and those in power choose to stand with us. so what is brilliant and beautiful with the elections to redefine the political process. this is civic engagement with our democratic duty. that is what we sought and

ferguson. to say that our lives and on nattering you want to make sure people know about this. and then those taking action all across the country. >> with a completely predictable response to say that black lives matter is a hate group and the planet -- police benevolent association to save lives matter is there a danger that standard politics is the are reactionary right reacting to the laughter is there a danger that this becomes escalated conflict?

>> when we say black lives matter, i know we don't say any other does not matter. that has never been our message but it is a place of love even society of brothers and sisters we know if we are to insurer the quality of life for black people than every other community will have an uplifted quality of life as well. buffeted truly understand the reality too not be so scared to speak authentically about what is taking place.

>> led the eric garner and trayvon martin but this is more than criminal-justice but the structural problems in the of black community. you wouldn't we doing this but my colleague is progressively more darkly pessimistic to be with a utopia but to get past these and beyond that is never the suffering with the struggles of previous generations of african americans. you don't believe that? or you are more hopeful?

>> the reality is we see people of conscience from every walk of life. with the multiracial movement. from south africana and germany and venezuela. people everywhere who will not set by so with racial justice organizing over the years i believe and we take action things can change. those that teach us lessons and the fact there are people from all walks of life to lae part of this. >> and then to see that.

>> with that cultural shift. >> thank you very much. [applause] ♪ >>. >> go least known coup this person. with the director of the advanced research project. and to ask if you are really responsible for the internet.

[laughter] >> we tried to take credit for all good things but that would be a stretch. >> to be on the british side but imagine exploding pence and technology in the home base of america the cool gadgets and computers and technology. >> that is what comes out of their research. to grey a technological surprise sometimes that means working on the next generation to have the unparalleled advantage in the battlefield or in the core technologies. for example, like the internet. >> did al gore really had any role in that? >> asked him because he played an incredibly

important role tracing back to the '60s when there was the idea to connect computers together remember they were a massive piece -- a beast. >> but the first idea is with that part of that story those that had the first protocols to play an incredibly important role with the national science foundation from the research community. >> you generously gave walter isaacson and great deal of credit he wrote the book the innovators and you send somebody finally got the story right. >> i got the book for christmas it is a wonderful book.

and i started to read out loud to my husband and and i started to read out loud to my husband and it was wonderful to see that. >> to have the cool gadgets but he has not visited that facility. >> now while i have been there. >>. >> we are a miniscule part of the research and development we could get our mission to get the amazing things with my chain of command to give us room to do that. >> define your mission and.

and in the national security rolm but to hit above its weight for budget darpa is one of the most known and respected institutions of advanced technology how do define your mission? >> the trigger events of 1967 when they first bill the first artificial satellite. so that was of very unpleasant surprise. that is the range of smart things and one was to create darpa. so our job from the very beginning then they realize

the way prevent surprise is create surprises of your own. so these are decades of investment with the transformation through a strike. we also invest in the core technologies that led to the internet and great advances that are the foundation would happens in the semiconductor industry. we did that for national security but other people got into the game to drive those for word to change how we live and work. >> and the marshall that people would call yoda. >> that chinese assessment of affairs to see what darpa

was doing to synthesize information and communication. . . we were going up against air defense systems that were

based on that soviet model. and until that moment i don't think that we really knew if our investments were going to pay off. that could have been a very lawyer campaign going into baghdad in the long drawn out war of attrition command instead we flew hundreds of sorties and took out their defense systems very efficiently and really just demonstrated this overwhelming advantage based on these core technologies that have been developed every few years for many of us that is so the picture but we had. being able to do what we need to do. it's important to say that was awesome, really good, it was an accident.

now it's 20 years later20 years later and everyone around the world the scene exactly what we do that. opportunities for that kind of offset. a decade and a half a ground war, thinking about this issue of how we deal with where advanced military capability is now, not where it was in 1991. adversaries have access to amazing global technology. what is our next move? >> any chance you could share with us some supersecret next thing that you have a shared with anyone else? >> no. >> just to get that out of the way. >> classified obviously we can't talk about it, but there are really powerful ideas brewing about what this next offset strategy should be. the core ideas, not going to

turn the clock back to examine the us is all the secret sauce. >> the question is the gap. and ii think the question is is beholden iphone here, when you look at what is happening with technology globally and what has happened with innovators in the united states i assume the gap between the supersecret stuff your doing and what can be done outside your shop is narrowed over the years. the effect of globalization technology and the fact that we used to be two thirds of

the country's research and development investment used to come from the government and one 3rd from the private sectors. as a transitive very important. most of the implications are great. it's a better world one technologies alleviating poverty around the world becoming this much more intensive economy. the secret to success is to not try to build a wall, not try to create not obtaining them. the secret tothe secret to success is going to be to harness the commercial technology. >> one of the interesting things, when i knew you you

were the head of the nationalist to for national technology which dealt with the private sector should we be worried about the ecosystem for technology as we've always known it. should we just be relying on google? a broader thing that you have. maybe not worry, but we should never take it for granted. that committee that creates technology is what drives our economy. it's an ecosystem that keeps changing. i think it's great to see

google and others who have the foresight and resources to invest in research. as it is been without history that are public and private roles. >> he said talk to our think about cyber. recently, form with mike rogers says this is something we really need to double down on. we need to think, and those and those adversaries that are out there challenging us my two-part question is, is there a way to go from the offense and how do you think about cold war analogies coming in? >> me tell you about my role.

under constant attack come as is pretty much all the defense department. that has always been. in the dark the question is the threat is going at the pace of information technology.

foundational approaches. faster than hiring more cyber warriors. a programs are along those lines. the internet of things. the defense department is chock-full this is a big problem for us. taking some really beautiful fundamental math and scalia so that you can build embedded processes, manageable amount of code. it cannot be hacked for specified security properties.

that's much less attractive place for you to spend your time. we can start spending a safer environment where it's really critical. >> did any of you see the movie transcendence? they are sitting on the audience, just like you were with a cameo of elon musk. tesla and he's been out they're worried as the movie worries about the advances in artificial intelligence and robotics and the kind of turbocharged internet of things were people become less and less a part of the equation. other things that we should be worried about?

things that we should be thinking about as we propel ourselves in the this new world of very different association by nonhuman stuff. >> f every one of those advances comes the opportunity for great new possibilities and capabilities and the potential for misuse. i just want to be very clear at about that. i think it's essential that we asked the stanza questions. i'm not really sure those questions are being asked in a way that's going to give us the insight we need.

and yes, machines will be able to do more and more whether it's on the battlefield in our work life, personal life, and we are going to face some very human questions about how much autonomy will we give them under which circumstances so that we still accomplish our human objectives. >> you are one of the great technology leaders of the us and seem a lot less dangerous to me in person than on paper. thank you. [applause] >> and now a conversation with one of our underwriters. >> how are you? >> good to see you. >> good to see you. >> internet essentials is

comcast broadband adoption program, the most comprehensive program in the country, 995 month foliage in a capable and microsoft office computer grinder hundred $50. most importantly of all they purchase it on it. print online and in person delivered through thousands of nonprofit partners around the country. >> the classic program, any family in the country you as a child eligible to participate in the national school lunch program eligible to participate in the program. for years we have been able to sign-up 500,000 families

more than 2 million low income americans to the internet. >> and we always here a great program. the digital divide. what exactly is it, andit, and how big of a digital divide at we living in? >> simply this disparity between people on one of the spectrum the tend to be mostly low income, mostly living in urban america who do not have access to the internet at home and the population of mostly wealthier people, most of them in suburban america and him wealthy areas of cities who do have access to the internet. you can put numbers on it, broadband adoption in low income every communities can be as low as 15 or 20. broadband adoption of those wealthier communities is 85 to 90 percent or even higher kind that is the divide. >> many of our communities,

70 percent of the people living in many of our communities don't have access internet. >> at least not to the internet at home. >> that means they don't get access to the richness of the internet. my bet is everyone in this audience and their families enjoy, access to educational tools, access to health care , access to vocational opportunities and access to news, information, and entertainment that we all take for granted and yet a wide swath of our population is being left behind. >> if you're living without internet access in this day and age and living in one of our cities you are literally surrounded by a moat of silence they don't have access to the basic research understanding the many other children do. >> i traveled the country and met with teachers who are excited about new

educational software and has been provided to them, they are conflicted as to whether to use that software because they know that half the kids are more in their class we don't have access to the internet at home and will just be left for the behind because they can't do the homework that they need to do as a result of the use of this education. >> of 4th grade daughter. through the internet. >> the largest internet service provider in the country. all of our employees, technicians and technicians and call center employees to our most senior executives recognize how essential the internet is. that is why we call it internet essentials and is why as a company we have a passion for this program. i have said this before. i don't understand how any country that is the richest nation on earth, the most technologically advanced

nation on earth a can tolerate is a public policy matter weeding, leaving millions of our low income children and families behind and denying them access to the internet. >> and when you have access it is generationally changing in that family. >> one of the things we have learned, if we can get in internet, computer and internet access into a home it's not just the 8th grader or the fourth-grader the 11th grader who benefits from it. all of a sudden you have the parents. ..

>> is the sense of isolation seniors have and the internet is a great way for them to maintain connectedness to their families, community, and resources they need. so we have a couple pilot programs expanding the eligibility to low-income seniors as a way to attribute attacking that population that is different than the school age children. >> and there is another program on community colleges. >> we have couple pilots in the state of colorado, the state of illinois, where we extended eligibility for internet essentials to low income community college students and that is just the extension of

the program. imagine access to the internet in high school, graduate, get a job and enroll in community college but don't have access to the internet. we have to make sure that path to educational success continues and you need a computer at home just as much for community college as you do for high school or middle school. >> coming into your fifth year, what is next? >> we continue to try to make the program easier to enroll in, we are continuing to look at other populations like veterans, people with disabilities, but the key learning is it is not just the cost of the service or the equipment. the real issue is digital literacy and relevance. we are bound and determined to increase literacy programs and training programs when by the way we offer in multiply

langua languages. our literature is available in 14 different languages. the website is english and spanish. expanding digital awareness and driving broadbrand adoption. >> 70% of the communities live in the remote of silence. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> tonight on c-span2, a preview of the upcoming supreme court term. and then utah governor gary herbert on how states interact with the federal government. and democratic state legislatures take part part in the annual innovation conference. the supreme court begins its new term on monday. the pacific legal