it. this is a brand-new technology that's going to change the world there is no question in my mind. but when you think about what it can do fundamentally if you look at the decisions that human beings make, we make decisions with a bias and on incomplete information. ideally that's nearly or perhaps every decision that we will make of any importance in the future will be made with watson by our side. >> that it's giving us option to select from some with more in addition. >> the technology around wikipedia, think about watson where it's ingested all of the world information on drug therapy, cocktails and oncology for cancer. i don't know about you, but if i had cancer or god forbid into the cancer cancer board was meeting to decide what

chemotherapy they were going to give me i would want watson * cancer board to augment the decision and say guess what you may want to rethink that based on the piece of information or here is a new one in the procedure. >> as they get smarter over time will they be more leaders in our lives or are we always going to maintain a secondary status of how we make choices? there will always be said of decisions life and death and those decisions where it will be a joint decision that we as humans will always have the control to position. but more and more will allow the system. think about the internet of things where we need constant milliseconds.

all of our dalia lives in five or ten years. is it a standalone product i would talk to. i predict it's good to be everywhere. it will be powering things that you just take routine in your dalia lives if you are applying something, watson will be behind that enhancing your experience but it will also be visible in many applications where you are being you're being creative or you want information that you just don't have time so i think it is going to be both invisible and highly visible basically ubiquitous in everything we do. watson is already the premier brand in the official intelligence in the cognitive computing. not something we set out to do

that in the demonstration into the jeopardy and whatnot of what we've already applied it to adobe has a very broad grant recognition. sweeney decided to do power by watson or if we already opened up a new division of ibm using the new standard divisions around the internet of things around education so as watson then becomes capable of operating in those domains we will bring watson into those areas. >> before we go come humor me with the last question is very moment in this path to say where you and your team more like that actually works, how did that moment come to me? >> in the journey which was all the way back in 2011, there was a point in time in 2009 when watson made a quantum jump forward in his ability to learn

and answer the domain questions and at that point i remember sitting in my conference room looking at the demonstration and i said we have something that's going to change the world. if people agree at the time that it was a watershed moment? >> they were very much focused on q-and-a machine. for the system couldn't the system could just understand complex language that could reason and learn i said something is going to change the world it's not just another computer system this is a new era of computing. >> begin no apocalypse, no matrix. >> it's only going to help us in the complex decisions. >> thanks. [applause]

you're here to hear the investors talk aren't you? how many entrepreneurs are in the room? listen up then this is a time to even shut your laptop and learn something because these folks are going to give you money. please welcome to the stage cowboy ventures, jeremy lu, like venture partners and dana with our moderator connie. a big round of applause. [applause] >> thank you. i'm so glad to have this great panel here.

i'm just going to roll right into things and ask you hypotheticals. say i am a super smart entrepreneur, i have a great product, a promising team, and i live in austin and everyone keeps telling me i have to move to san francisco is that true >> but if you are raising money for grey croft. i think 82% of our investments have actually been outside of silicon valley so we are finding opportunities everywhere and there are great opportunities in pockets and in austin and new york and la and chicago and seattle over the country and all over the world. i think it depends. >> if you are based in austin or from boston or la and you have a network you have a recruiting advantage and an environment it might make sense but if you don't feel like if you have expertise that doesn't tax

system to market that you're in, it is quantitatively the best place to have the companies. isn't it getting too expensive though? i organized the dinner and your fill of investor have noted about its good at this point and cuts the runway in half. you can get so much more mileage out of your fund raise. does that change things? spirit unless you don't spend all of your money on kind bed, you are okay. [laughter] >> thing is i do think you can find a company anyway. the challenge is scaling the company so you can find great individuals and designers in any country in any city in any town in the world.

but once you start the scale would say you are working and starts to hit 100 now you want to have a vp level not just in the weeds doing the work that may be two of them from, finding the people that have the experience that i've done that before gets more difficult the further you are. it doesn't matter whether that is san francisco, the peninsula or even more if -- north bay. it only exists here and there are certain cities in the world, new york, la and increasingly in europe you start to see some of that second-generation

experience but if you are in tuscaloosa you will have a tough time finding that locally and more importantly a tough time attracting someone that has the experience to move their. if you are in a city that is a global city people are willing to move, and i think that la county and new york counts. austin i think is on the edge and has some stuff that makes it attractive to people but it doesn't have the same ecosystem for what people do next and that's what people care about so that's the key question if you can't attract people who are willing to move to your cities and you do have to consider moving your headquarters to a place people already are. >> but i think that he made a good point which is if you have a network what you are focused on and i would argue that la for example probably has the most

talented people of anyone in the world it's really been that sort of center of the ecosystem and they understand the dynamics of the market better than anyone so i think if you are starting a digital media company you would be recruiting executives from la, so i do think it depends on the industry and the network that you bring and like any great entrepreneur, you have to be a pied piper, and we have seen great companies in both of those places and i think that is a huge part of it is being able to paint the vision and tell a story that attracts people anywhere. >> what about new sectors of technology and maybe i will segue into asking if he were looking at a couple of years ago. i don't know if there is a virtual reality place where you have to have a virtual reality company. you funded --

>> we just announced this morning we led an investment in the virtual reality company along with cnc which is the chinese investment platform and a combination of both the technology and innovation that you find here and the specific expertise related to the content that we find that drives the investments with a combination of the la shanghai media landscape married to the technology innovation here and most of the interesting technology innovation is happening here the product design and all of that where the interesting channels into this tradition channels and

innovation business model is having some it is a combination of both. >> have you funded anything in the last couple of years that you you maybe wouldn't have imagined clark's ng at a couple of things we weren't looking out. we've been starting to look at some healthcare related things because when it takes a lot of capital that of another great reference for the investor but things are becoming increasingly consumer guys on the enterprise into the consumer space than i can make more sense for the state investment and so that's been fine but also to learn about these new things we haven't looked at before likely are.

>> how long does it take to get up to speed in the new sector tax it seems so far from what a lot of you have been doing in the years. >> i can't speak to it but i think that you asked this question which is like what are the big sectors that we see and i'm not sure that is actually how it works out and i think that's the foresee where the opportunities are and then we kind of react to that. it's hard to predict the future and a lot easier to just observe the present and see what's working and then try to suspend judgment like that's a stupid idea where that's just for kids or that isn't going to scale. that's when it gets tricky but seeing the future is very, very difficult and we invested

recently in a company and i couldn't tell you we had a thesis that would be a big driver in the this was the right time because none of that made sense at least since the early '90s. so why now? all we needed to do is recognize it, see who the leaders were coming in to suspend their judgment and say that's not come of it is a meaningful thing and that's where i think that the context matching of being able to say okay this fits into.

and the myspace profile pages we could stop and see that kind of connection that's where i think having the sense of where things are going and connected to their eighth come from is important and it's not saying here is where the opportunity is going to be. we have a slightly different model and attempt tend to find that if we work with the investors like this as partners with the entrepreneurs but we are investing in the industries the industry's order we have a strong history in the track record some healthcare is an example. we are probably the largest healthcare investor in largest healthcare investment without investing the services in and the technology companies and direct companies etc. and it really gives you a different perspective and allows us to be a strategic partner in the company so we tend to find ourselves not competing with venture firms or earlier stations that coming in when we think we can be a partner so when we got involved in uber we

came in because they wanted a partner that is global was global and had a deep industry capability and allow us to help them the skills of your jumping into the boat with them and helping them grow strategically as opposed to being particularly wise and understanding where things are going to unfold at the earlier stage. >> i think it's interesting. a lot of people don't realize that it was a somewhat early investor. i think a lot of people think of it as being one of these firms that comes in and drives the evaluation so i'm going to sort of back into that. in to that. but first of all, what do we do here? it's obviously a problem. are you writing bigger checks were fewer checks, how are you handling that?

>> we are kind of at the beginning of the supply-chain capital because we do see this and for us, this year we have been slower to invest. partially i think like an hour and analysis, there are years that have lots of great new ideas where there are kind of big swings going to the large industry and regulatory that maybe last year with a year before were better years for new ideas and this year haven't seen as many. and a lot of the ideas are looking for a higher valuations and i think that the entrepreneurs that are looking for the rich valuations they don't realize they could be setting themselves up on the wrong trajectory for the rest of their lives and so we try to balance the fact that like sometimes it doesn't matter if you are on something big you want to be involved in those entrepreneurs that you don't want to set up the company for

failure because it starts off too expensive so i think that it seems that a great company but we haven't been super active this year because i think we are looking for big ideas at the right valuation. >> i would agree. i think that there has been a significant increase in the number being funded but the levels are still constant. when you look at the answer if you look from 2122 today they've essentially doubled and that's just not healthy for the overall ecosystem and that's where we can sit back and when you look at the average valuations that kind of have 20 million or 40 million then you look at the average going back for 30 years and 90 plus% being 10,025,000,000 it gets tough

when you add in the risk. there is the reality factor that plays in. we think about that a lot and i think that in the markets that we are investing more heavily, some geographies tended to have a little more valuation discipline it's just a lower supply of capital. are there any sectors that are also sort of a better deal right out because i wondered if people are interested in synthetic biology that is undiscovered >> it's interesting. we have invested -- we continue to invest in companies at the time that but have been religiously out-of-favor and our feeling about it is that there has never really been a better time to start a new brand and a few sort of look at the market and look at what the millennial's star essentially driving it's a completely different message if they can't change what they've done in the past so you can change the

messaging. it's really on facebook and those are even old now so i think that there is never a better time to start a new brand and so that's what we are really excited about in the e-commerce companies they have great economics and a great value proposition and a great brand. we think there are great opportunities. >> there's never been a better time to be an entrepreneur. >> you and i had talked earlier this year and we were talking about the fact that there are different and you said you sort of thought that there was this private public confidence in it's not going to change. there is a sort of permanent shift. but at the same time i think everybody on the panel once their companies to go public

eventually. have things changed in some permanent way or are we deluding ourselves in these companies? >> that is a big question. you are talking about $50 billion that under the market to invest that wasn't here before so so far this year $7 billion of the capital invested from the historic public investors, 11 billion invested last year all of which is allowing the companies to raise capital at a scale that is unprecedented and the public reckoning if you will. >> if you look at 1999, the 29% of all -- you in the first year, the first day of training. 1% have done that this year so 29% versus 1%.

this isn't a public bubble today. to the extent that there is a bubble in the valuation is largely private which means if the gas gets let out of the bubble it will happen in a slow-motion way. it's not going to be some dramatic correction because it isn't a market that has been participating. does it ever happen, do we see public investors participate, of course at some point liquidity is necessary. you will see a correction which is what we have seen. but it's the uniform just sort of hitting a wall plaques? >> if you are a private company and see this correction happening, it is much worse for the founders and employees for that correction to happen as a private company than as a public company because you have

preferences from all these investors have put in all of this money that are looking to get made whole before any proceeds go to employees and founders. if you are a public and a change is a little bit, all the preferences go away and everybody has the same process to start so if there are fluctuations everybody shares them equally. unlike in the private markets where folks with preferences and who might feel like they overpaid are going to be very unwilling to have those preferences met in the future if there is a requirement for more capital at a lower valuation so now you have better access as a public company and employees and founders if there is some sort of church and so it's interesting that there's been

this reticence -- [inaudible] >> i'm sorry i'm having a little trouble hearing you. okay let's talk -- we have to get him up on the panel. i know. where is that guy? this is the one everybody's talking about in the last couple of weeks. i was at a talk last week where they talked about a few companies whose economics didn't understand. he didn't necessarily say they were doomed. but i'm just curious as 150 companies that offer valued at more than a billion dollars. are there any names but you can maybe offer again a company that you don't know what the state will be but you don't necessary understand the economics. >> i am not going to name a name because that would be indiscreet. and given out you know the interesting exercise we have is we have to try to make investments were 100% of the

investments work in the scale of the central writing. we are not playing out of the $100 million public funds play and ultimately as a basket of investments. if you look back at 1992 and you made 100 investments and it was in the technical sector unit up taking a 20% return on your capital by the time you exited it 20 years later in 2002. but my suspicion is that if you coat and vest off the basket of the unicorn as i leaned in 2013 you would do just fine because he will have a few of the companies that do extraordinarily well that there will be a lot of roadkill in a lot of companies that have survived for exactly logic of the economics don't work and ultimately in the rising markets like we have had other people don't ask the hard questions about the generations and the

economics and balance sheets and leverage of scale they focus on revenue growth and we've all learned this lesson before. ultimately they have to get to replace the generate cash >> i have questions but we have to get going. thank you. [applause] >> and we are going to go to lunch. just kidding. why are you all here, what are you excited about flex are so many people here. i don't really need to do this part of my job i'm going to. please welcome to the stage, snoop dogg. ♪

>> we go way back. while don't go wherever you like actually, you will sit right in the middle. you're here. it's all happening. >> live in the flesh. >> let me just believe for a second. you've been investing for a lie on our. why? >> first of all, it's got to be fun and something that i feel is different and amazing because that's what i like to associate myself with first and foremost that's what i'm looking for when i do something. >> okay. and in terms of what you learned from your investments, were you investing with a plan in mind or? >> in the beginning there was more investing on creativity but

then it became more business and then it was things i like for example the cannabis industry. so i would always look at see things in the field and see that it was things that were missing. so one of the best things i can do is try to develop my own situation if i can get and where i fit in on that side. >> because there have been rumors that have been building something and i think you might want to tell us a little bit about that? >> i've been building something it's called mary jane and i can show you better than i can tell you. can watch a video to help explain so if you don't mind we'd like to show you a little clip. >> the world mainstream in the culture that's modernized we interact, communicate. hundreds of millions of people all around the world use cannabis and even more on a

global scale. in early 2015, cannabis was made and it's growing in the united states reaching $11 billion a year by the air 2019. every relevant place for people to collect. and today mary jane cannabis, 2.0. a crossroads and a new generation to normalize the cannabis culture for all. it's a global expansion so far. culture, news, food, video. mary jane offers something for everyone and is at the center of the cannabis lifestyle. in addition to content, it offers essential tools for the new frontier bringing together

consumers and businesses in a streamlined fashion. to find the locations nearby mary jane represents the cannabis culture. [inaudible] [applause] [cheering] >> was investments have you made in the industry and what kind of partnerships are we going to see or network effect are we going to see? >> i think this is probably the priority on everything we are doing right now in the cannabis

space. obviously, snoop has been at the helm of the movement for a full career globally and the time is just right. we saw as he mentioned a huge arbitrage with the way that the conversation about cannabis and utilities that are provided before the community and for those that are touched by cannabis and just want to learn more about it, it just wasn't available and it wasn't done authentically. it wasn't driven by a certain sophisticated standard of content which is our expertise along with some of the partners that we have in this space like our good buddy that is joining us in the content state. >> you can look for some great content from mr. logan on the site. >> and you've probably seen the ft is that a little bit on the

vma. miley cyrus was part of one of us gets so just sort of gathering of the top-tier influencers and top ten creators in the space and sharing the normalized modern communication. this might sound like an obvious question or dumb question. but why do you like cannabis so much? >> i would be interested in hearing. is that i should take you to the green room. >> i'm fine with that after this. one i enjoy for medical reasons. [laughter] it is a situation with me.

i've always been an advocate for it and i consider it becomes more of a business. if you want to learn about it or get some insight about what we will provide you with all the information and we will be like the encyclopedia to the cannabis world. >> what kind of content can we expect to see i know you said it will be a large network of celebrities and other kinds of editorial workers. >> is a diverse range talking about the cultural content.

to expand other great thing about the industry beyond its medical benefits into and other social benefits of the job creation in the 19 billion-dollar range domestically in a few years ago in dollars of flowers sold in colorado last year alone to 30% of the methodist eight and 20% went to the board of education somewhere else in the place is like the heartland of america are you going to see a cultural and economic revolution. one of them is the floor and we have the other committee to meet with sergeant matt from hiv that

helps veterans reintegrate into the workforce, and our series is very cool one-on-one interview series where the person gets to enjoy cannabis and share about a new life experience that they've had so we can share that one. [inaudible] ..

teach you how medical cannabis coupled with massage therapy, yoga, all that combined to treat stress, treating. it's extremely beneficial. >> for me, marijuana alleviates taking so much medicine, it's overwhelming. this is something that -- >> medical cannabis the only way -- i wouldn't say drug use. it's not a drug. the only medication i've experienced that actually has beneficial results. >> did you feel a sense of empowerment on your own, being able to take control of your open medicine? >> it's america. i should be able to do that.

>> pretty awesome. congrats on that. but i too want to move to slightly lighter note. a wise man once said, got my mind on my money, my money on my mind. media sites don't traditionally make a ton of money. what's the plan in terms of business models? standard advertising sponsored content or more to be expected? >> yeah. i mean, advertising is definitely part of the model content integration. the huge opportunity here beyond and most importantly sharing and opening up the door to the real discussion and there will be serious content in the news, and also have lighter content and humor content, music video exclusive, partners like segue rogan are helping us put it

together, and most important thing is that the business itself, which is in the multibillions, does not have a definite destination to share the -- the brands don't have a place to share what they want to communicate, and the retail locations really don't have a place that has repeat usage, where they can accurately provide information and medical stats and technical stats on the product they offer0. so merry jane will testify fitly be at the hem of that, launching in october. >> in terms of legalization, like the industry and the country is changing pretty rapidly. you guys are behind mall marijuana legalization, i assume. >> i stand very high on legalization of marijuana around america, because it's necessary. it's really doing a good thing. you look at all the medical

studies of the people it's saving, the lives and the kids it's helping with the seizures, just doing a lot of great things out there as opposed to what is not doing. so i stand high on it and want to see it legalized around the whole globe. >> own though the cost is going up for the end user. >> yeah, but the return. colorado is making so much money and putting it back into the schools and the community, jobs, the crime rate is troping. it's like -- dropping. it's like it's really helping out the situation where we need help. staying alive and staying strong as a community. so, i'm looking at what it'sing too for colorado. if it was doing that around the whole globe, what kind of world would we be living in? >> you have channel on youtube, very, very successful. you have been kind of a media mogul for a long time. with the launch of merry jane, what have you learned from being so imbedded in the social media, especially on youtube,

home-grown form of content brought over to merry jane? >> just the communication, a direct connect with the people. like to be able to get feedback right now. the people tell me exactly what they want and don't like and too like. so just to be able to have a hotline, information hotline, with the people, without it being a third party or wall in the way, that's the brilliance of the social media network now days between myself and the people i call my family. i don't call them fans. we're so close and it's such a direct connect. >> some terms of getting user acquisition for merry jane, you're a huge brand and can do your own promotion. too you think the word will spread virally. >> we'll do what we do. we going to connect with some of the top people that know how to do what they do. like we said, a providing the industry with something that is void right now. we are the information hotline

to cannabis, we're what it is to be in that lane. it's me, the grand professor, the face of it, the game, the originator, you dig? >> i dig. i dig snoop. >> by the way, there are -- if you look at the competitive space, there are few companies out there that have attempted to try to enter into the marketplace, and their download apps total and page views total our really numbers that we're going to crush win the first six months. so, even today, if you look at -- you can go to merry jane.com. we're inviting 4 0 people a day into our bet -- beta site. and today off this news alone we have tens of thousands of signups. i think the interest level and the demand is there. it's just about someone coming to the forefront, like snoop and

our other partners and providing the site and media platform that can take cannabis to the next level. >> snoop, you have been smoking feels like forever, and your brand is tied up in marijuana, and it seems like with merry jane, the whole idea is the mainstream version of cannabis, whether it's cooking or music or whatever it might be, but it's tied up in other things. it's not just a stand-alone kind of product. given your history with it and the fact that you seem to be prepping for the future, what does the future look like in five, ten years, with regard to cannabis? >> it gives me proud honor to say that merry jane will be the door to bring people out of the closet. there's so many people in the closet right now that do what we

do, and they really want to come out. so, now we going to give. the an opportunity come out in some form or fashion, whether through the cooking show or watching this or just being down with the site in general itch just feel like we're a better world if everybody comes out the closet and admits they like to smoke. >> just admit it. >> i'm a smoker. my name is snoop dogg and i'm a stoner. >> welcome to those who are part of the community. >> who here enjoys smoking marijuana? be proud. >> there's so many have yet to come out the closet. it's okay. it's okay. we going to make our way to get y'all out of that closet. >> your ideas and thoughts on merry jane. >> turn you into a believer. snoop, you have conquered a number of verticals. you built an empire. why not just set up on an island, and get yourself a nice

treasure chest full of green, and just have a life with your friends. why do anything, right? >> this is challenging for me. first of all, it's an industry that is filled with a bunch of geniuses like yourself so i always felt like i was a genius. i've also wanted to challenge myself, and i'm so far in my career now i feel like this is the right opportunity for me and my team to monopolize on something i have been pushing nor so long and not only make money but help people understand why i like it so much and make it a global interest, 24/7, seven days a week. it's about the challenge of trying to get up and conquer something to see if i'm still great what i do. >> ted, your said the other day when we were chatting, that merry jane will be influential not just to people who smoke or people who consume cannabis, but to everyone, that it touches everyone's lives.

that made me think mitchell mom doesn't have any -- she doesn't have any interaction with cannabis, ever. how does it affect her life? >> well, but she might -- want to ask you about it. right? and as long as you inspire communication in any vertical, then maybe at some point you and your mother can have that conversation, and if she wants to find out more about it, merry jane is the perfect place to be at to enjoy the content there, while learning about it. every portion of the site, whether it's original content, then -- it's flexible and connects over to the product database, which is full breadth. not only flowers or mixed use, whether you're a smoker or not a smoker and want to try a medical, tincture or oil, we provide you a comfortable experience. it's interesting you asked about your mother and if she would be interested. the other part we realized is all the other sites, they're

design el from a standpoint that might be even a little standoffish for a female fan or consumer, and with that in mind, snoop and i started out the entire initial design plan for the site and the look and the feel. the whole design team is women. yesterday i was walking around and saw a bunch of young ladies involve -- what's the name of the program? >> it's "built by girls." >> that's so cool. this is about including everyone who might be sort of left out of the communication or not thought of, especially the female audience and consumers in the cannabis community, bus they're actually growing at the highest rate, and to involve everyone into the discussion so that we can really kind of elevate the presentation and do something cannabis 2.0, that no one has ever done before. >> my last question, snoop,

is -- snoopdog? what are we going with? >> going with -- just going with snoop right now. going to leave the last thing out until i figure this tech thing out. might be snoop tec next. >> like moses, only need one name. merry jane launches in october. >> correct. 420 people we're letting into the beta site. so enjoy, come sign up. >> 4 0 people into -- 420 people. the address of the location is 420. we planned that. >> we planned that, actually. they had him in mind from the beginning. >> the plan that. >> but we launch in october, yes, come check it out. just want to make the-under andens better and better so we're doing that until launch date and will be available online and on mobile. >> awesome. you guys, huge round of applause for ted and snoop. [applause]

[music] >> all right. i'm feeling good. you guys feeling good? absolute silence. you're laughing at everything that snoop said. all right, whatever. our next guest was with us at techcrunch in europe, the first one we did back in then. he was working on the content -- a russian world i can't say now. please welcome to the statement, pablo, and our moderator, mike butcher. >> he low, i'm mike butcher, i'm based out of london.

possible pablo credited telegram after creating -- goes back to the site of russia. but now you have gone on to create telegram, which is to some extent reminds me of what's app, really, and not the same scale. you have over 60 million useres. what are you sending, 5 billion messages a day? >> actually, 10 billion last month, 10 billion messages delivered daily. right now i checked today, it's over 12. 12 billion messages daily. >> amazing. that's breaking news as of today. >> yes. >> 12 billion messages a day from telegram. i think a lot of people would like to ask you, what is the point of telegram? in a world where there are so many other messaging platforms. >> that's a good question. to put it simply, it does matter

how much other messaging apps are out there if all of them suck. right? so, -- >> which ones suck for you. >> for me and for most of my team, what's up suck most. we actually -- you say what's app sucks. >> absolutely. i can elaborate on that. >> please do. >> sure. look, we're living in 2015. we're supposed to have flying cars and everything right now. >> jet packs. >> absolutely, but if you have what's app on your phone and your battery is low and you phone goes dead you can't access your messages. it's over. it doesn't have -- you can't send documents or big media, lots of limitations in group chats, in your communication, and it's not private. so, i'm not sure i was a big fan

of what's app, two or three years ago, and not sure i am now. >> you mentioned privacy. you made a big claim about telegram having the able to be end-to-end encrypted. >> sure. >> that's obviously a laudible claim, especially in the kind of post snowden world, but what does it do for the business in a sense? what does the business proposition in encryption? >> well, look, i had a friend -- back then when i was living in russia i had a friend, and she told me that she was presented with a printout of her what's app messages in the police department so they basically intercept and decrypted her messages, and she told me they tried to use it to blackmail her. so privacy is not something that is relevant only to business users, but business is most affected because they could be

blackmailed. rich people could be blackmailed, and their information is more valuable and could be compromised. >> so, in other words, you're saying you retape user because they trust you because the messages can't be intercepted. >> one of the things that makes telegram different. there are many more, and. >> you're rolling out a box platform. can you describe that to us and why that might be a significant part of what telegram is? >> yeah. a broad platform. >> a third-party attempt. >> jess, june this year, any develop developer can create a user you can communicate with on telegram but at the other end of the communication there's a machine that is dealing with all the messages on that side, and

actually services have appeared using that paradigm of communication, education, productivity, a lot of stuff, and i learned only yesterday that one of most successful bots of the platform got acquisition attempt, eight digit acquisition attempt. it's only like three months old, already eight digital acquisitions attempts. >> someone was trying to acquire one? >> yes. the company that created. >> so in other words, you're saying that after it launched on telephone platforms white be -- >> what has been happening, and i think the news will break out later this fall. >> so, in a sense, the box platform is almost like apps for telegram. >> that's true. >> and you think that eventually

third-party development might make money in this way? >> absolutely. we are thinking about launching a payment -- so all the bot developers, third-party developers can accept money easily from the user in telegram. >> in terms of advertising, the bots might become marketing chat channels for brands. >> that's already happening. some of the bots are being used for sending ads. i'm not a big fan of ads but these are third-party bots and users opted in receiving messages from the bot. it's already happening. i hear there's a third-matter ad agency dealing with this. >> really, so, that might become a real sort of ecosystem that you're developing. >> absolutely.

really, it's hundred three months old but what we're -- it's only three months old but what we're seeing wear happy about. >> one thing you clearly made some compromises on the platform, because, for instance, there's been reports that you've met with the iranian government to allow the fact that you are shutting down some porn bots on telegram inside iran. can you confirm that for us or not? >> well, can confirm the first part. we do blog, foreign blogs, in markets where porn is prohibited, because what happens in that environment is that porn web sites, which are blocked, started to reappear in form of abouts on telegram platform. >> this is happening in iran. >> happening in iran, iraq, saudi arabia, some countries like that. what we saw is that as a result we got all the users we didn't want to, and we are not big fans

of porn. we don't want telegram to be considered for porn, so we do block this kind of stuff. >> in the sense that you make a big play about being -- being a libertarian and having freedom of speech, and on the other side you're cutting off access to some -- at some level. is there any secret behind the scenes negotiations with some of these governments? >> no. so, we do it purely for business decisions. we don't want to -- some market wes don't want to be perceived as something that has to do with bot, we foreign. this is the same reasoning behind apple's decision to block foreign content on a.m. store or stain gram's decision to block foreign or facebook or youtube, you can go on, and we think this is the right thing to do. but if we speak about privacy and freedom of speech, we have

very adamant principles about it, through over two years of our existence, we haven't closed a single byte of data to third parties, including governments and it was nose easy. as for freedom of speech, like i said, there's a bot that has to do with criticizing governments or with some opposition activity, we would block such a bot. >> you probably -- famously created the factor in russia, the facebook of russia, but you controversially effectively told to get out of that by forces aligned with the government. is that the case, right? >> that's roughly try. >> roughly true. >> yes. >> which part is true and which isn't. >> mostly in the sense it is -- it's true and it's rough.

but, yeah, we found ourselves -- >> i mean some incredible stories at that time, that you were effectively framed for a car accident, that you were put on the political pressure. >> but let's not -- nothing out of the ordinary in russia, believe me. if you get to the country, you get used to it. it happens with other businessmen. i'm not no different from the rest of them. >> now become a resident -- how have roamed the world dress inside black, you live a magic digital lifestyle. how are you going to manage to continue to run a company in this way, moving around the planet, trying to evade authorities? do you feel like you're a target? >> not so much, no. although sometimes i feel

excessive attention. for example, here in the united states, when i go and go out of the country, but while it's a good question, because right now we're very small team. we can afford to rent houses short-term, all over the world. we spend the summer in finland, it's great, spring in paris. >> rented a house in finland and got your team together and carried on building the program. >> it was great, absolutely great. the guys stay at the home. we outsource some of the design and customer support to eastern europe and southern europe, but other than that, we're a small team of 15, and we like to travel, and we want to use this opportunity to see more. >> you had to raise money for telegram,. >> no. >> you took reportedly

$300 million from the sale of your share in -- start. >> i cannot confirm the exact number but i was very lucky to -- ihigher than 300 million or lower. >> i will say this. way i was very lucky to get out at the point before the market crashed. just before the ukrainian events broke out, and extremely fortunate. >> that would have affected the value. >> yes. i do it before that, and then after these events broke out and the global currency went down, and right now the value of the company i sold is probably three or four times lower than it used to be. >> because eventually will take over in russia? >> i'm not sure about facebook. i'm not a big believer in facebook. contact in russia leads with a huge margin but they are struggling to remain relevant because the mobile apps started to attract users.

instagram, what's up, snapchat, apps like that. >> do you think it's likely you would take outside -- any board meeting you had with an outside investor might be a shambles because you can't -- you move around the planet all the time. >> we really like to be independent at this point. we think there's more than market shares and revenue streams. we like the opportunity -- >> do you have enough money to last for a while? >> yes. definitely. >> and you can just continue to build out the platform, as you said. >> yes, we'll continue to do what we think is right. >> what about -- in a way, is this sort of your revenge on putin? secure messaging? >> i'm not sure. i mean, i'm not focused on the

revenge too much. it's ironic a lot of people, including high-profile people in russia, use telegram, and i'm happy about that, but russia is like number seven market for us in terms of size within the telegram ecosystem, and it's not particularly important for us whether, for example, we are big in russia or we are small in russia or blocked in russia, because we have already been there, we have already made a pain -- campaign which owns russian market, and that's not -- >> you ever go back to russia? can you go back to russia? >> i can. i was in russia this spring for my mom's birthday, and -- well, i can go in and out of the country. nobody seems to care these days because obviously they have other things to be worried about.

but -- >> you're not so high profile that they -- >> no. not anymore. i sold the largest social network in russia. they're not worried about me at this point. i try to spend as few time -- as little time as i can in russia. just because i want to see other places. >> you like to travel. does it concern you that isis is using telegram? >> they do. >> does that concern you? >> that's a good question. >> do you sleep well at night knowing terrorist use your platform? >> you know, that's a very good question, but i think that privacy ultimately, and our right for privacy, is more important than our fear of bad things happening like terrorists. and if you look at isis, yes,

there's a war going on in the middle east. it's a series of tragic events, but ultimately, the isis will always find a way to communicate within themselves, and if any means of communication turns out to be not secure for them, they'll just switch to another one. so i don't think we're actually taking part in this activities. i don't think we should be guilty or feel guilty about this. i still think we are doing the right thing, protecting our users' privacy. >> you think if they weren't using telegram, they'd be using something else? >> absolutely. there's open apps you can build with encryption. you can install them and -- it's all available. so the technology is already there and it's up to us how we would use it.

>> kick, the messaging platform kicked raised -- in order to build out an asian style messaging platform, where you can order a car or you can purchase goods, you can order pizza on the ten cents, something like that. is that kind of where you want to go with telegram, becomes not a messaging platform, not just the messaging but also other services as well? >> yes and no. in order to go this eastern model you have to really have high penetration into a market. you have to be socially relevant for everybody. and it's not always the case with apps like telegram or kick, that you mentioned, because although we're pretty big in some of the markets and i think

we're number one in the a couple of them -- in a couple of them, we have to see that dominant that chat has in china or lyon in japan or -- in korea, so we will experiment with the payment system with bot and third-party applications but we don't see us necessarily as going that way in the near future. >> isn't that there the danger you became an also-ran? that company that, sure use,ful, people can use it for messaging, but there's not very much more to it than that. >> the interesting thing we notice is that people who install telegram in massive numbers last year and this year, and started to use telegram as their primary messaging application, and that's why we see this huge increase in user

activity. with used to have one billion messages delivered in february, and now we're over 12. that's an indicator that people really love telegram and switch more of their activities there, and more often than not they start their day from their messaging app, and if their message app turns out to be telegram, they start the day from telegram, and i think that we should be really active about this. messaging is probably the biggest thing going on in social media in this decade, and definitely we're in the right place and time. >> over 60 million users. what are the next big points you want to get to, 100 million? when will you be at 100 million? >> we are gradually getting there. but you know, something that is a bit discouraging about getting 60 or 100 million active users, is that you always get compared in the media with the older

messaging apps. any media covering telegram apps would say, they have 60, 70, 100 million, but this is still a far cry compared tot what ans are 800 or 900 million. they don't take into account we're actually two years old, and those apps over six years old you. start comparing telegram with other companies that appeared two years ago, these are pretty huge numbers, right? so we're not big fans of announcing numbers at this point. >> well, we'll look with interest on your next moment of announcements and thank you very much. >> thank you. [applause] >> all righty. our next panel focuses on something that is hugely important and that's the health sector. beth brings experience from

being a doctor and being in pharma, to her investments at kpcb. please welcome to the stage, baath, and our moderator, sarah. >> you're a medical doctor, trained immunologist, you have been involved in the pharmaceutical industry and have been a vp nor the last ten years. >> yes. >> how did you make that leap from -- i mean, it's not a common thing to be someone with a medical background and then go -- what made you want to get into it. >> when i started in medicine, didn't even know what a venture capitalist was. i had a long way to go. but as i progressed in my career and started to develop new therapies for a lot of diseases

that are now in much better shape, i ended up at amgen, realized that i was on the -- actually the board members were still the venture capitalists and started to teach me about what they did. introduced me too brook buyers, and the rest is history, and i love building companies and helping entrepreneurs. >> you seem like you're here at a perfect time. a lot of? sin the -- synthetic biology. what are you seeing in terms of interest from possible coinvestors in this space now? >> yeah, well in the biotech world it's been a very specialized space to invest in, and there are a lot of people who are traditional biotech investors, people who come out of banking or business development, some with ph.d science degrees. we're now seeing some of the tech firms investing in

traditional biotech as well. i think there was an announcement a week agoing with peter teel, who invinced in a company called stem centrics and there's a tremendous opportunity to really change the way diseases are treated using technology, and site easier to relate to now than it was before when it seemed like a black box. >> you've said before that this is the last industry for technology destruction. what do you mean by that? >> it is. if you look at everything else that we do now lives, whether it is how we pay for things or where we order our goods or how we use transportation, there's been an enormous disruption of industries by technology. health care is really the last, biggest industry to be disrupted. we spent $3 trillion a year as a company on health care, yet when you go to your physician or you think about your medical care,

you're starting to see computers but it's still really behind the times, and so it's really a green field now. >> why do you think now there's such an interest in this space of a little bit more wild science? like, for instance, sniffing out the dna of yeast and incertaining whatever else you want to make anything from pharmaceutical drugs to opiates? spider silk? why ills now the time that this is happening? >> well, it's really about the tools. so, in science and biology, it's always been about what tools do you have to understand either at a cellular level or -- when the human genome was sequenced we understood thousands of diseases we didn't have understanding of before. now we have taken it to the next

level and we actually ed it the genome, and insert different genes that allow them to behavior differently. we're doing that in cancer. you're taking a t-from the patient with cancer, engineering it with a new receptor that hones right to where that cancer and is essentially we're curing patients with diseases like acute him foe sitic leukemia. it's a dream as a physician to have such an impact on disease. i wasn't sure i'd see this in my lifetime. now i'm just imagining what else we're going to see. >> that could actually mean we don't have to have patient goes through chemo therapy and lose their hair? >> yes. >> some of -- almost barbaric ways we have of taking -- getting rid of cancer.

>> yes, the way we have treated cancer is a blunt industry. it's a giant hammer, and you just try your best to kill the disease, but you're killing all the cells around it. >> killing everything. >> now it's very targeted. feels like a tumor type at a time and we're also learning it's not only the origin of where the tumor came from but the genetic profile of the cancer that is allowing to us engineer very specific drugs or cells as therapies to treat these diseases. it's pretty remarkable. >> so, a lot of that is -- that you focus on is maybe specific to certain pharmaceutical drugs or certain therapies that maybe doesn't affect everybody. what are you seeing in the space that has the power to change medicine overall? >> well, so let's take it from two different levels. so, if we look at therapeutics in general, there's one area that people are very interested

in i have no idea if it's going to change medicine but that's the mikeow buyum, it's take can advantage of what we know lives in us as individual organisms and how it affects health and disease, and there are projects and people who are thinking about how do we use big data and analytics to understand how the microbio. , impact disease. it's early days but could be very impactful. the other area is technology. if we think about how medicine is practiced today and how -- and it's evolving very quickly to the future, where you actually get your health care, where you see a doctor, is all changing. we used to think doctor's office, hospitals, emergency rooms. now we think our cell phones, our smartphones, through telemedicine weapon think retail. if you go into target or cvs there's a minute clinic waiting

there. we think about social engagement that allows us to understand diseases. so the entire way we think about even consuming health care is going to be different, and it's changing rapidly. >> that's really interesting. your smartphone becomes the clinic for you. >> yes. >> gadgets you can hook into your smartphone and there's certain things out there that you pee on a stick and upload it to your cell phone and cemented today your dog, oh, you're pregnant. but we're still waiting for fda approval. >> with some it depends. one company i'm excited about that we invest evidence in called kensa and it's basically world's smartest thermometer. thermometer is the most common medical device used in our country, and it is basically an app-enabled technology that allows you to have on demand what you need at the moment you

have fallen ill. for parents it's transformative because they can have an interaction with a physician immediately instead of running their today an emergency room. they can have on-demand their drugs or supplies they need delivered their home from their local cvs or rite aid pharmacy, and they can also understand what is going nonthe community and do crowd sourcing of what diseases. it changes the whole way we think about just dealing with illness in our community. juan small example -- there are many, many more. >> so you see a lot of pitches, we see them before we see them. what are some of the wilder pictures you are starting to see out there? >> um, we're seeing a lot of things related to just using big data to discover things that i'm

not sure is a big data problem, whether it is what drug will work for what disease. it would be nice to think that if you could just analyze a zeta data, you can figure it out. but i don't know if that wild but to me it is because it goes away from the basic biology and assumes it's all a computational problem. >> we have talked about this before. health itch i.t. a huge problem that no one seems to know how to fix in my opinion. i keep getting pitches of passes to the problem but not a solution. what needs to happen for us to actually truly have a health i.t. solution integrated into every hospital, people truly communicating with their doctor, on an on-demand basis, throughout the whole country. >> there's a lot that needs to happen. first is building the pipes, right so you have to have places

for data to flow and have it be upick -- ubiquitous. right enough it's in sigh lowes and the government is going to help with that and they're doing it through the high-tech act, basically saying every hospital, every practitioner has to have an electronic medical record. so the first ills get the dat out there. as soon as possible we do that, then -- as soon as we do that and it's upick question tout and -- ubiquitous and not in silos and then we can have it on our computers and smartphones and analytics in the cloud, that's how we'll see changes. we're seeing hundreds hundreds s from traditional tech entrepreneurs who are completely uneven coupleberred with the old-school nature of health care, hospitals and insurance companies and providers offices, and they're basically just ignoring that in a good way, and coming up with apps or with

different technologies that you can wear or use that allows you to understand your health. and then hopefully haste communicated back to your physician. >> you'll have this opportunity maybe in probably our lifetime where you have people communicating with their doctor about all sorts of things in an instant rather than waiting on a hospital to get back the results in weeks, and determining that maybe this medicine will work, we'll try it and see what happens. meanwhile, people are suffering. we'll see something a little more instant. >> yeah. let's use another example of a company -- again, the cliner investment but we're excited about a company called levongo health, and they're tackling one of the most important and highest price diseases in our nation, diabetes. there's 30 million people in the

country with diabetes. they've developed something that -- you think about on-star for your health. they have -- you have to measure your glucose multiple times a day if you're a diabetic. if you depth, you have airline i taylor consequences, blindness, kidney disease, lose limbs, yet it's a pain to do. so, they've developed a fully integrated system where the data from their glucose meeter goes right up to the cloud instantly, they have diabetessic nurses who basically can call you the moment your glucose is too high and too low and tell you and give you the information you need. so, instead of having lots of information, it's instant where you're immediately connected at the moment that you need it, as opposed to having to wait for an appointment, having to find out, how aim doing, it's on story. we have it in our car, why not have it for diseases. >> we heard about the moonshot

ideas in silicon valley, we'll live forever, cure cancer, swallow a will and be beautiful at all times. what is your level of optimism whether or not we'll actually live forever in our lifetime? >> oh, boy. so, i think live forever is a flawed concept, because the human body is going to age over time. so, people talk a lot about aging, and look at what google has done with art levinson and calico and brilliant -- the fella from the national institutes of health who ran the aging division is now over at calico. people are trying to tackle that but the problem with the "live forever" concept is, let's say we can do a better job with alzheimer's or with diabetes or thinkcap -- cancer and cure these things and make them

chronic diseases. you still have your bones, muscles, heart, everything else that is going to age. so, i think we're pretty far off from that, and then i always ask myself a personal question do i really want to live forever? >> that is the question, right? >> i don't know i want to live forever but maybe extend life a little bit, or live comfortably. >> that's the key. you've want to be healthy and be active up until the moment you drop dead. it happens to everybody. >> it dot, at least right now. we might defy mortality at some point. who knows. how close are we to finding the cure for cancer overall? >> well, it's not going to be a single cure. we're curing one cancer at a time, and we're doing a really good job at that. and so i talked about some of the lieu team -- leukemias and diseases like melanoma, breast

cancer, prostate cancer. i don't know if you cure it but you make these chronic diseases where you won't die from the cancer. you may die from something else. >> cliner intends to invest in more behavioral health or database or gad jets that hook up to the cloud, not the moonshot, live forever. why is that? >> i hope we're doing both. if we look at some of the companies we have inest? , we're really in cases like -- we're trying to cure cancer, and it's a step at a time, but there is absolutely the moonshot ideas with digital health we're basically trying to transform the entire way health care is administered. so that we can get our health care on the smartphone and all the data is in the cloud and we're doing investments that

hopefully will allow us to do that. >> you mentioned your portfolio company. what is something that notice your portfolio that it under the radar we should pay attention to, something we should pay attention to. >> oh, well, i think -- talking about disrupting health care, i think the companies that are changing the whole way insurance is administered, so whether it's oscar, clover health, there was a big press on that last week. these are companies that are basically taking the old-fashioned way of thinking that some executives are going to put together a plan that is going to be right for you, sarah, and right for beth, and that not the case. you need technology, you need smart data analytics. we need population insight. the these are companies that are going to transform a lot of what we think about as health care

and who pays for it in the future. >> i want to talk to you a little bit about -- it's on everyone's mind. what i really -- i feel like everybody asks you the allen paul question. i want to know, what is the sentiment right now at cliner about how long do we have to be the bc firm? >> we do get that question, and -- look. we're happy it's over. so, the case is done. i think the way that we'd love to look at it, and we're happy to talk about, is that a lot of good came from this. there's always good that comes from adversity. and if we think about how we have leveled and increased awareness and conversation around diversity by large tech companies in the valley in the nation, in our firms, it's really been incredibly positive.

>> what's different at cliner now after this trial? what is different? >> cliner has had the best track record for hiring women, 30% of our vps are women. we have been probably the most forward-leaning firm. a good reason why i joined a decade ago. so i don't know we're different at cliner. there's more awareness in general, and we're really excited about the patter ins we're hiring. wore focused on a number of initiatives. we heal a fellow's program. 30% of the class this year were women. next year, 2016, where our goal ills 50%, will be women and underrepresented minoritied. so we're more focused on it, which is really good thing for our country amendment great for business, the right thing for society and great for our firm and for all the entrepreneurs. >> last question for you, what health tech company do you

foresee becoming a unicorn in the next five years? >> um, gosh, there are a few unicorns already, and oscar is one. zokcoc is a unicorn. i hope instead of unicorns we have public companies that are billion dollar companies. so, we're really excited bet teledoc. i want to shift the conversation from uniforms -- i was going toilet for biotech but it's final for digital health -- to call them rainbows. if you think about, there's a pot of gold at the end of it. it's not just sitting there and -- >> actually -- >> it's going public, actually has liquidity. call it a rain-a-corn but companies are going public that

are going to be billion dollar companies in the digital health and they're already in the biotech sector. >> thank you so much, belt. >> thank you, sarah, appreciate it. >> tonight on communicators consumer technology associate president gary shapiro on the major technology issue he expect inside 2016 and why are rcta change the new hampshire to consumer technology association. he is joined by tony rom. >> over 3600 exhibiting companies and over 2.4 million net square feet of it and space. so it's going to be spectacular. more innovation, more categories than before. it's a future. the show where solving real-life

problems, not just education and information. it's about health care and transportation, clean food, clean water, greater food production, we're solving big problems with technology. >> tonight on "the communicators" on c-span2. >> up next security versus liberty. one of the speakers, kristan stoddart from the university of wales discusses edward snowden. [inaudible conversations] >> all right. i think we'll go ahead and get starting. having a great first day of the symposium? yes, fantastic, yes. we have some wonderful speakers, beginning this more than and we'll continue with afternoon. it is my pleasure to welcome

dr. kris stoddart, from the university of wales where he is a teacher and researcher in the department of international politics in 2012, he was appointed lecturer in cyber security, and in 2014, he was made senior lecturer. he is also deputy director of the center for intelligence and international security studies. he is a member of the project on nuclear issues run by the center for strategic and international studies out of wnba. a fellow of the higher education academy and a fellow of the royal historical society. he spoke at a wide number of conferences nationally and internationally, and for various forms of media, including the bbc. doctor stoddart is the author or coy author of four books -- over achiever. his current and future research deals with the protection of critical national infrastructure against cyber attack. today's talk addresses and expands on many of the points

made in this morning's session about the civil liberties and historical context of the government data collection, specifically dr. stoddart will talk about edward snowedden and what his revelations of surveillance dadeor you. we grew up 200 yards away from each other in in wales so he has been a good friend of mine for many years. it's my distinct personal pressure pleasure and professional honor to introduce dr. kristan stoddart. we're showing our age. it is hard to find. i would like to thank professor bolt for that wonderful introduction. i'd also lining to think -- --

like to think -- the wonderful organization and the hosting of this event which has been extraordinarily good. and -- it's surprising that -- well, a little built surprise that edward snowden has been mentioned so frequently in the course of these last few days. it is of course a matter of record now that he was the main whistleblower of what is known as the revelations which have been a source of much speculation, controversy, and general thoughtfulness by both the united states and in some other nations that engage in the program, which includes the unite kingdom, but a number of others.

so, let's look at the gentleman himself. i will say before i start, obviously some details on the screen -- that i find -- when i looked into this background, as much as you possibly can, some of the ways he found into the intelligence service -- community -- the ways he was recruited and the thing he did and the level he achieved too be somewhat mysterious, and i would ask you to look up when you've get a chance, an opportunity, how he managed to get into this position of authority and was able to infiltrate the data. i think that in itself is revealing of a number of systemic issues in the intelligence community post 9/11 of when intelligence sharing became very, very important to the intelligence community. the family background of public service of. his grandfather was in the

pentagon on 9/11. when he was interviewed by the guardian, he was pained to point out he didn't very much -- whatever your permanent views, very much didn't see him as traitor. quite the opposite...

>> it very much is a matter of opinion, i think, whether you see him as a whistle blower, trader, or patriot of some color. he was only 29 when all of this happened. he was a very bright guy and good speaker. but this is only 10 or 11 years. it is not a long period of time. some of you go into security services. the world you go into may well have been changed by the snowden revelations and the resulting debates that occurred through what happened.

he was apparently, only a system administrator. but the system administrator role in computer security gives you almost unprecedented access because it is where the people trying to steal the highest levels of classification, beyond those with top security clearance, might necessarily see. it is a computer system, an intelligence gathering system. but what i found interesting is how he interacted. i found secure sites. many of you work in secure sites. you cannot walk in and out care carrying a data stick. you cannot gain external internet access. they are sealed off from the

internet to prevent exactly what happened from happening. false secure sites and the exploitation of data. 1.7 million documents is the estimated number that were in filtrated. that is not a small number. given the fact, they were text only documents, very limited pictures, jpeg, etc, probably almost no video, you could do that on usb sticks and this is how he passed it to and from the journalist he was speaking to when he flew from hong kong to hawaii. this was a big story for the guardian, and "washington post" and other newspapers. all of them hold this data now. he himself when he ended up in

russia and the united states seized his passport before he boarded the flight, didn't have in possession those documents. that is what he claims. the counterclaim is the russian government would be very interested in what he had in his possession. similarly with the chinese. the two may be previous destinations. america's two biggest advisaries. not at war. big trading partners but retreated to a different island. to illustrate some of the

context part of what the national security agency does is analyze all sorts of intelligence on foreign threats. it signals intelligence agencies. they didn't just target foreign entities but domestic some of which was routed to and from the united states. the argument being that it intrudes into your private life, it scoops up everything in its path. so everything you say and do on the internet carries the additional footprint. y y your browsing history, content, records. depending on the usage and utan

technology, you have a set of digital footprints or a giant digital footprint and this produces data known as meta data. snowden didn't work directly for the national securigs letional . he was a subcontractor for del who is responsible for installing the systems and maintaining and running them in a classified environment.

it is a very important job to keep the systems running. in addition, he works a group in which he decided to flee to hawaii. he did that to get more data to extradi extradiet -- extradited. one of the issues you might want to consider yourself is that of encryption. since the beginning of time,

there is a group that has grown through the navy but grow as a result of the snowden revelation because it was revealed the data was trolled up. in addition, our communications are global. they may be local in the terms of a package of information to someone who sits next to you in the other room but that information can be transferred to the random world. the internet takes the shortest possible group from one destination to another. when you think local think of the same thing as global.

the data that is harvested and analyzed can produce highly accurate pictures of individuals, social, economic, medical and political tyrants. this is call analytics. if you want to look on youtube or google and do your own version you can. you can find out about your friends, family, their associations, their backgrounds, their work pattons, their life pattons. it is a phenomenal and a trend that will only grow particularly as small technologies continue to come on system. say they control the power in

your house, it tells individuals who may or may not be monitoring you, with you are leaving, coming home, on vacation, when you leave for work, what is in the fridge, whether you are married, children or no children, this is an example of what can be done with analytics and you can produce a huge amount of detail information about each and every one of now. -- you -- how many of you read the conditions when you sign up for the social media services? one person? really? all right. two or three of you. 30 pages. all right. i saw your hand. that is fine. you are very honest.

one things we see is we claim possession of your first born child. i kid you not. there is no legal enforcement. but it gives you an idea of what you signing up when you put services and pictures and chats and etc on the internet or into the cloud you don't know the ownership of it. you lose the ownership. it passes to google, facebook, skype, yahoo and so on. it is not private. think of every time you step on to a computer or log on it is public information. if we think it is public rather than private maybe that will change your mindset. maybe you are a generation that it doesn't affect you.

i would be interested in finding out. maybe it is a generation issue. if this is intelligence related, weapon related, snowden related, and flags up the key words that go into the search engines which are analyzed by algorithms and go into the doors of an analys. i would be concerned.

and more concerned if i got a knock on the door or e-mail saying would you like to have a chat about what you have been doing. i would worry less about the united states and my own country but about my sewn state. it allows people in repressive regimes to talk openly. there are good reasons to think about the data collection programs carefully.

partf of the releases or disclosures was back in 2012 which i would invite you to look at. it layed out operations dceo among other things. the military governments business, people in general, love acronyms. it is an alphabet soup. it is easy to get lost.

from a legal and political standpoint that is probably the debate we should be having and we have been noticing the big providers we use an a daily bases. some cooperated and some are reservations because of what it entailed. this debate has been happening back and forth whether international service providers

to be part of the policing of the internet. do you want to internet to be controlled by users or state involvement? if state involvement, what is the level of involvement and the role of private companies? to what extent should it be unregulated? to utextent should it be policed? would you allow trade in guns and handguns and child

pornography and things we deep to be illegal? it is a matter of communication as well which is a way of targeting individuals involved in terrorist activities. this is where the balance lies. protecting yourself from the bad guys and what you are prepared to do. give up your privacy and civil liberty? if so, how much? where are the intersections? where are the boundaries? we need to discuss this. this needs to be thought about.

if it is a piece of legislation as we have seen in the last couple days with time limits because technology changes, our attitudes change, we need to think more carefully about where this is all going. and this, where we are right now, where this technology will head in the next even five years, is very hard to predict. artificial intelligence will increase. this is being used in the private and public sector. it is partly universities, partly in the hands of individuals. biometrics, small technologies, will combine to do something

different and change again. but each and every one of us will be remarkable. we have the option of turning off the internet and lights. this is produced by the uk ministry of defense and its own partnersh

partnership. if you are going after someone, you will find them. and in some cases you will have to kill them or place them on trial.

how many of you have a cellphone? i am assuming most, if not everyone of us. the cell phones we produce can produce data that tells us our locations and makes us very vulnerable in some senses to being found. how we go about that is various method of tracking, trailing and tracing. social media, e-mail records enabled by your phone, laptop, checkbooks. all of this is used to build up certain pictures. we know the nsa has other

agencies through partnership agreemen agreements. these are the background of the internet and the global technology and connection we take for granted. everyone i talk to and every expression of love and friendship is recorded. by using meta data using the vast resources that generated the internet.

this one has piles of data every day. that is entirely responsible. everything they do can be recorded, played back, understood, analyzed, produce such a picture of your life it is incredible. from cradle to grave. there are examples of people that are now putting pictures of their unborn child on facebook. then you find baby photos. then first birthday and second and third and fourth birthday. the age of facebook is 60 but certainly people i know have children who are much younger on there. it is the thing to do. what happens over time? a detailed picture of someone's life. it is something a future

employer, whether it be a government department or mainstream business, can analyze. they may not like certain things they see. like i said earlier, no one reaches this decision of being able to take it down because sometimes you can't. whether you want the employer to see the pictures of you dancing, or maybe doing something you should not do. maybe it is something benine. that is because you did something four or fiver