>> this isn't something we've only just started thinking about. have a zero tolerance policy for content in 2008 finally implemented the flag. we hosted our first summit on violent extremism in 2011. .. home office since 2012. we hosted a counter speech event with the home office and then with you fairly soon after that. this is a multiyear commitment. in 2013 -- it's been something we've been doing for years. obviously obviously there's more work to be done. >> how can videos appear to enable them to support terrorism.

>> so we have video uploaded every day and therefore we rely on the community to flake videos that violate our policy. people who violate that policy after multiple violation are one serious violation we will terminate the account and prevent those groups, the person from a creating the account for making another one. >> what is defined as a serious violation? >> i guidelines are clear on the different types of infraction. their different ways that people will abuse a service like youtube. to be clear we strictly prohibit glorification of violence. we ban videos at training camps or direct recruitment. we ban incitement of hatred against people based on the gender, race, race, nationality. those are all serious violation. >> i can understand why the announcement was made, that's not the case.

>> know i said the company was worried about its reputation for reese accepting responsibility. >> we absolutely know that we have responsibility to act in partnership with civil society andplatforms are being used to generate extremism. >> we accept responsibility we have to act on this. we are not responsible for the behavior of people who abuse our platform but we are responsible to insure we have the right products and well trained people that can take react and take action as required. we have a responsibility to how those organizations like connect justice who want to use our platforms. so as well as the atci and a number of other functions we have in this country and elsewhere that are helping organizations who want to puse our platforms for good.

that is something we have taken to for a long time. i stood before this committee two years ago to talk about this and we have learned a lot and continue to invest money. >> our policies prohibit encouraging and promoting terrorism. one of the questions i think we have to ask the companies is sometimes what is is on our platform is a reflection of society and sometimes that uncomfortable. and i think our responsibility is the role of companies is about making sure people can use our platforms to challenge ideas. we can remove all of the content but even if we remove the content the idea remains and a lot of this is our ideology and ideas. if we don't challenge our ideas the issues will remain >> we need to generate conversation to challenge those

ideas. people take no responsibility for whatsoever for people using their platforms to hurt other people. if you had a shop and someone walked in and tried to recruit someone to be involved in a terrorist act i hope you as an individual would try to remove them from the shop and not expect someone else to come in and do that but you are on your platform. you are expecting other people to m monitor and remove. >> we remove them from the shop and don't let them have a voice in the community. i told you about what we have seen working with experts and that is one of the questions we put forth: why didn't facebook step in and say that is not right? the work we did looking at what counter speech works and it shows it isn't the platform or government or elected officials

whose voice matters but it is people like the young people who are being recruited and people who use very eye catching content so it can be a drowning out. >> can you just tell us how many people are in your hit squads? the places where this content is monitored and then reported or taken down? >> more than a hundred. because of a lot of different teams so the number is different. >> how many more accounts worldwide do you have? >> there is 320 million people using twitter and we have a variety of tools. one of issues we have is stopping people from coming back on the platform and that resembled other challenges. it is more than hundred. it varies. >> on facebook? >> we have a community operation team. we don't have a public number

for that. but it does number in the thousands of employees who are part of our operation team. the vast majority do not focus on counter terrorism. we have an expert team that focuses on terrorism specifically. >> how many are in that group? >> it is not a public number we provide. i would be very happy for you to come meet some of them. you are welcome to come to our dublin office where some work and meet the team. >> right. thanks for invitation we will let you know. dr. house? >> much like facebook we don't have a public number in the size of the team. but it is a significant number. >> you have such a squad? >> we do and it is around the world. >> is it based in dublin? >> we have some people in dublin but staffing it 24 hours a day seven days a week so it is global. >> you didn't tell me the number of accounts worldwide?

>> 1.59 billion accounts but we are not monitoring them. we are handing millions of reports every day and most are not about the issue this committee is looking into. >> question about this treaty. until october of last year you had a team on this >> there still is. >> you must accept sitting here as you do representing three of the largest companies on the internet you accept that sadly the internet plays a vital role in extremism and terrorism from your perspective of extremist? >> it is a serious problem. that implies this wouldn't exist though if the internet didn't exist. it is impossible to know because the internet is pervasive and

the problem didn't start with the internet. >> let's try to get closer to the answer. you accept when we look at terrorism historically now that the internet is here it is easier for extremist and terrorist to speak to each other than it was 24 years ago? >> yes. >> and jus to keep an eye on it this is also the case with pedophiles sadly. the internet plays a role in that? >> our companies have been at the forefront of spreading this kind of material and bringing people to justice. >> and serious organized crime? >> yes. >> why did none of your companies chose to attend the joint committee that is scrutinizing the draft investigation power bill in the house at the moment? >> well i think firstly i want

to say there was a joint statement made which was a comprehensive statement made that issues with the bill and the committee put this together secondally and they are working on an -- secondly -- accelerated time scale. so trying to get people across the world together in a few weeks notice was difficult to get everybody in the room. i think our submission is evidence of how comprehensively we have look at these bills. and the fact that five companies came together making a unified statements about our concerns with the bill demonstrates how seriously we are talking it. >> this meeting today was organized at short notice, wasn't it? last week? >> yes. >> and we managed to get all

three of you in the room. the joint committee made significant efforts to sit in with your company's rules so we could see more evidence and yet you still declined. why are you afraid to come before the joint committee to be asked about your view and what is one of the most important pieces of legislation that parliament will deal with? >> i think it is the discussion of the committee. i made several comments about when i was free over a long period of time. i think secondly our joint submission is clear. we are not afraid of engaging on this issue. our joint statement, and i gave evidence to the previous statements and the previous role, and i think the substance you saw from industry on this bill surpasses the discussion we had last time. i think we have taken this very

seriously >> i have nothing to add to the logistic points mr. pickles made but i would say that i reject any submission our companies don't care about the issue and the importance of how they convey the authorities and the issues we particularly addressed in our submission. nor does it mean we don't take our responsibilities seriously. >> i would simply repeat that we are committed to working with the british government in making sure -- >> i should add we heard evidence from a judge in new zealand at five o'clock his time and three o'clock our time. mr. pickles, i want to deal with your phrase about when twitter choses to kick off people that

law enforcement have made inquiries. and you said you tell users they are the subject of law enforcement. have i heard you? >> context specific, yes. >> what is the interpretation of reason for this according to twitter? >> the reason is the same a u.s. court or any court would use. it is useful for me to clarify and indicate counterterrorism investigation and that would be a stance where we would not alert them. >> you said you did tip them off? >> i am not aware of specific cases but in the case of say a case of a counter terrorist request for data and that would forward the counter productive

services. i think that is another example of where we would not give notice because of the ongoing investigation. >> serious overt crimes fits into that? >> yes. >> who makes the decision for this? >> we have a legal team working on the issues. it is worth pointing out in terms of the number of request in a year we see approximately 320 million people globally. more than 15 million in the uk. to put this into context, there is a huge amount of information publically available on twitter. we work with the police also. tomorrow morning -- >> you said help the police? >> i want to get to the bottom of this. one of the balancing acts that the joint commission is having to do is balance the civil

liberties against national security and keeping our county safe from serious organized crime. i want to get a sense of who decides, in your legal team, such a request made by law enforcement that is unreasonable. what right of appeal do folks have against that? >> this is why we have -- as i said tomorrow we are having a conversation with uk law enforcement to discuss these issues and help them understand our policy. it is one of the reasons in our submission, and in the u.s. another jurisdiction, there is a time period for police once requesting data to investigate and at the end of the time period they can allow the investigation to happen or go before a judge and ask for an x extension. we asked if a framework would make the situation clearer for everybody if the judge makes the

decision. >> anything to that you would have to add? >> i don't have anything to add if there is anything else you would like to. >> i find it interesting the tech company should be telling parliament how best to police law enforcement inquiries. i suspect maybe that is why your company didn't want to come before the committee. the final question is the investigation power focuses on the double lock. that is the method by which the section states in long island or wherever judges a warrant to be necessary for proportionate. my question is why twitter thinks your legal team supercedes the secretary? >> if you look at the

submissions our company made one of the questions we have is what happens when a request that has been through that process may be not possible technically or a request for information that might not be in compliance with u.s. law? there is a conflict in law policy and that is why companies encourage the british government and the united states government to work closely on building a legalal -- legal framework. >> i asked you what is your legal team and twitter the right to override the judicial commissioner? >> we are not overriding anybody. we are speculating there are different legal frameworks at play. >> i am talking about the warrant being issued in the united kingdom to stop a terrorist attack and what gives twitter the right to override this? >> in the case of an emergency

threat to life we would provide information and have consistently done so. this is one of the very reasons why an international legal framework is so important. >> i think you made that clear. thank you. >> we just have to move on. before i do, i want to have supplementary on the original questions. >> i want to follow up on the questions you are chair and mr. pickles provided an answer that you all didn't and that was in relation to the number of people working in the teams removing content. now, mr. pickles provided us with a rough figure against a user group of 320 million, i think he said. what i don't understand is why dr. house and mr. millner will not provide those details to the committee. you didn't just say, both of you didn't just say you can't, you said your company won't provide

those figures publically. why? >> i am happy to answer that. the right of the committee but by understanding is this question was asked three years ago and it isn't information we made public but i will ask again. >> dr. house? >> we are in a similar situation. >> and you will write to us on that? my two points. one was all of you and one is specific. i want to check one thing that has been reported and was reported in april of last year. this is in the daily mail which is why i want to check if it is actually correct. is it true that more than 10,000 accounts are linked to isis militants and their supporters were suspended in 20 a 24 hour period in a fresh crackdown on those tweeting violent threats. is that correct? >> today we have definitely

suspended more than tens of thousands of accounts. i am not sure about the specific time period. >> will you write the committee to let us know if that is an accurate report and if that is the case explain why it was done in a 24 hour period. and why 10,000 were done and not suspended beforehand. my question is the questions that the chair and others are approached are based around when you receive a request of information from a law enforcement agency. i want to ask you a question about the threshold for each of your company before you proactively notify law enforcement of their being terrorist material that has been identified by your company or by

users. what the threshold beyond which you decide in each of your companies you want to proactively notify the agency? >> dr. house? >> exactly the same. we don't want to notify because it has been seen already so often and law enforcement has to establish criteria to request information. >> so twitter has no pro-active approach to notifying law enforcement of potential terrorist material on twitter? >> no. and actually one of the things that is important here is this is discussed in congress recently. there were discussions about a legal requirement and the fbi director was asked would he support such a proposal and he doesn't support that proposal. one of the reasons is as i say we are taking down tens of

thou thousands of accounts and we are not in a position to judge credibility of those threats. so you may end up in a situation where you swap the information. >> not withstanding what the fbi thought was appropriate for the united states. with regard to the united kingdom do you think it is right you are the one who should determine the threshold that should apply in those circumstances? or do you believe that actually the better approach would be for there to be a legal framework that others pass judicially and c conify when you should provide the information. >> the one problem in this area is different countries around the world have a different

definition of what is a terrorist and that legal framework is personal and important to very through international lines. >> thank you. you have said that before. >> i will come to the question of the home secretary that was raised by my colleague. first of all, do you accept genuinely, not only in parliament but amongst the public, over the way in which those who wish to engage in terror use social media and continue to do so? do you accept this feeling of satisfaction? >> speaking for google absolutely. we would prefer no one used our platform to abuse individuals and promote terrorism. >> i think in general the problems are extremism and

terrorism and of course people are right to be concerned about wherever it is including online. >> if you take, for example, whether the two merge -- which took place, he talked of facebook saying what he intended to do. i understand facebook is not aware of what occurred. but they discovered facebook shutdown this person's account. they relay such concern for the security service. would that be right?

>> the committee report didn't name specific companies and i am unable to talk about specific reports but when our company comes across a threat to life we take seriously and have an expert team that deals with terrorism cases. >> a person here yesterday, with a person going to syria with a child and returned, during the course of the proceeding in the court and the judges summing up whether the person was found guilty by the jury, it appeared she had used social media to advertise her intentions.

the whole point and reason you are here is what i espouse in the beginning. the concern that this could be happening in ordinary print teal but happens on social media because of the very nature in which the companies have senior executives. >> i would draw a distinction between the three. facebook has almost 1.6 billion people and billions of thing posted every day and most benign and uplifting. like the uk, however, there are bad people in the population and people that want to use our services for ill intent. >> to say the least, absolutely. we absolutely want to root them out and do everything we can to stop them from doing that.

and believe me we are committing more resources to this month by month and learning as we go. we must prefer that wasn't the case. there were not people trying to radicalize people we wish and we would love to press a button to get rid of them but you can't. it isn't as easy. it takes a lot of resources and intelligence. believe me we are trying our best and continue to do so. we expect to be held accountable for what we are doing. we are very serious about it. >> mr. pickles, you want to answer? >> one of the points to follow up is yes, social media brings out discomfortable things and highlight issues. there was research from northern ireland funded by the north ireland community relation says the challenge is there but there is an opportunity. and the opportunity for using social media to engage across social boundaries, but it didn't

take how people meet people from different faiths. and the person who was formally around the social media for the westboro baptist church talked and she is coming into the office and talked about engaging people on social media was how she rehumanized the person she was taught to hate and that thought -- taught her to leave the westboro baptist church. >> ever effort should be made to avoid social media being used by those who want to carry out terrorism like we saw in paris. but there is not the same view about what the secretary is

intending to seek. do you recognize there is a rather much united opinion among the public especially parliament to approve? >> absolutely we acknowledge that and it isn't a settled decision in the uk. one of the important contectuel things to vote is the surveillance laws haven't been updated since people had access to the internet while walking around. so the laws need to be looked at. >> i couldn't put it better. i would say that the responsibility for facebook in a number of countries including the middle east and israel and

turkey. i hope the uk gets it right because if it does it can set an important bench mark for many other countries. i am asked about what is happening in the uk. and this isn't just about the safety of the people in the uk but it goes to implications around the world. >> i think the international presence is worth keeping in mind and i think we have grateful as an industry to dial up with the home office about spi specifics and we look forward to hearing the committee's work. >> there are people in this world that the chair didn't consider the affects. some are very concerned about the attacks but we are not being bold about the disaster.

there are cynical people. i have seen a report in the newspaper which says in affect the talk over tax affairs affect you and some say several minist ministers is going to be spent. you will come to a deal over what the whole secretary is intending what many of us describe would link the bill in order to minimize the embarrassme embarrassment. indeed the chair of this committee said it would be wise to work with the government on the powers what do you say for the embarrassment and the tax matters you will make a deal

with the government? i would take each policy matter as serious and i bet in my mind and the mind of the team i work with at google there is a think over. we need to have this looked into. >> i think one is a matter of policy and that is legislation that is not set and one is a matter of the application of policy and legislation and different teams deal with that in our company and there is no discussion between the two. >> i think if you read our submission to the joint committee it is clear we have ambitions. >> and i think we have the answer. just on the issue of instant messaging acts. is one of the concerns you have together with microsoft that the legislation that is currently written could ban the use of these instant messaging services

because of their encryption? is that one of the concerns that has been raised? >> well it is certainly an issue around clarity and the provisions that were addressed in the bill and what they entail in respect to the issue of encryption. i would not suggest we are concerned that certain services will be banned. but with all legislation, you know this better than we do, having certainty about what this actually means is very important. >> thank you. >> i want to ask you one question before broadening out into your colleagues. we heard a lot from the press about the islamic state and social media. yet google has been the credited one of the most tech-savvy

organization. how much do you credit the success? >> i am afraid this is beyond my level of expertise. i would say we are eequiffectiv removing videos and accounts created by foreign terrorist groups and we are extremely affective of removing reuploads of the video. >> do you believe that some of the success these terrorist have had is based on their use of your platform? and how much would you say your platform has been used to lead new supporters in the this state? >> it a constant cat and mouse game as is any form of abuse of our services. but it is one we are well-equipped to meet. >> are you working with the government or news organizations to provide an online alternative? >> absolutely.

and that is something we have not really talked about today. we have mentioned several times there are policies and we should get that stuff but it is important people are able to find good information. that when people are feeling isolated they go online and find a community of hope not a community of harm. so we have worked, as i mentioned before, with the home office and this committee and that has been a model for the work on counternarrative around the world. >> can you give examples? >> i think one of the primary examples is a video series we launched together with the european union in 2013 which is a formally radicalized man who appears in cartoon form and uses humor and the types of language that the people of risk of being radicalized connect with to drop away from ideology. >> how many people did that reach? >> i don't have the answers to that. it is worth saying this isn't

done lt we are constantly looking at new ways to make this more effective. this year one of the things we are looking at is running two pilot programs. one is to make sure these types of videos are more discoverable on youtube. the other is to make sure when people put potentially damaging search terms in the search engine they find this counter narrative. >> we went with a number of organizations. in my home city of brussels we took part in a training problem. i want to talk about this isn't just about radicalization of young muslims. we are concerned about extremist speech directed at muslims and did work with the major uk hotline for hate crimes and with the anti semetic crimes.

and our own tci initiative is right across the station and we want to publish that across the spectrums >> i was in bellfast a few weeks ago and i think one of the challenges is not just to focus on one time of extremism but look at the broader issues. we tried to help community organizations, specifically in northern ireland, to help themselves come up with the most pressing issue. i think the important thing is while our companies can help with expertise the people that are the most credible messengers are the leaders there. >> what do you think we can do to work with the community and use the tools and work with businesses to manage these platforms to actually provide

alternatives to young people and make sure they are, perhaps, misguided youth are helped as much as possible? mr. pickle? >> i think the question was raised of using women who return from syria. and i think that is a question. and the role of government communicating in national aid work. i think there is different communities. our hope is we can have more in every environment. and that is why we work all across the world. >> i think one thing that is recognized is perhaps you when you interrogate is not always to be a violator but in terms of the voice of government, the voice of government doesn't work. it just doesn't work when it

comes to counter speech. i think using research about what does work is the talking with isd and then using that and i am sure you have heard of the evidence but use that to investigate terrorist. >> i don't have anything beyond that. >> to make one final request, it was said you provided information on the number of people reached and i just thought that would be great for the examples you talked about. >> before i come to you, on the issue of diversity and organization, one of the key features of trying to deal with the isis narrative is having

arabic speakers in the community. what kind of numbers do you, mr. pickles, in terms of your group of hundred how many would be speakers that understand the community? obviously you and i may not do so. >> that is right. it is more than a hundred. it is not an absolute figure. across the company, we have local specialist. >> how many will be arabic speakers of the hundred? >> the cost of the company there is a whole range on languages in a number of time zones. >> you would be welcome to come meet them. some are based in the dublin office and across the middle east and north africa. we don't publish a number of how many but believe it is an area of active investment. >> we are actively recruiting arabic speakers to increase the

effectiveness of the team. this is the same as hiring experts who understand the types of harm and what kinds of tools are appropriate. >> thank you. >> quick question about how you talked about removing video and you can remove them. are you tracing them back to the ip addresses or just removing them? >> i would rather not go to the technical so people can't figure out to out whit our system but abuse of our systems is something we have familiar with since the inception of the company and getting people who are trying to commit, for example basic financial fraud, and preventing them from creating accounts. it is similar lesson s to the challenges of the system >> do any of you have specifics in talking about terrorism? so for example, on twitter, i

know the amount of time it took me to get one account removed took me days, if not weeks, because of the process you have to go through is just tremendous and having to go back to -- it is not just the potential order you can report something. have you improved that in the last year? in particularly twitter. how long on average does it take you to remove an account? >> this is an area where we are trying to strike a balance and not increasing the number of reports so it slows down our response. we have absolutely invested in how we can make it quicker. we try to focus on the most pressing cases. so we will focus on violent threats and direct threats as well before we will focus on offensive content, for example. we try to get to everything as

fast as we can >> within terrorism do you have something that is specific about this is terrorism and you prioritize it? because to me that would be higher in terms of priorities. >> for law enforcement has a specific form to report that content. for user we don't. and this is an area we keep under review to strike a balance. one challenge we have is people use the controls to get content taken down with that they don't agree with. >> you are going to say this is user account you cannot remove? >> we will take aim to remove them as quickly as possible. >> how do you do that within your organization? >> i am not familiar but i will

get back to you. >> it is that kind of information you expect the public to give your hundreds of people working away? >> that is the benefit of being a public platform with a large user base. >> if it takes too long for twitter to react what are you doing about speeding up that process? >> that is the reason why the public demand increased is because we tripled the size of the team working on things. we continue to invest in technology to help us. and one of our challenges is how to stop people from re-creating accounts when you suspend them so we started asking people for phone numbers to stop accounts with the same number from coming back. so we can use technology to stop them from coming back but it is

just the beginning. >> you are talking about working on the rules and what i seen here is very much like a denial of responsibility and aside from working with people who are always there what are you doing as an initiative you in social media have as a response? you touched on this but what do you do to invest in this area to increase the speed? >> i am sorry you feel like that and i would be happy to follow up with you after if you think there thinks that can help within your constituents. you can flag -- just a second. but in terms of -- because we

recognize from the research others have done, that people don't typically get radicalized online but a combination of in-person and online contact so working with operations so where you can understand the context of what is happening with young people in their communities so they can address the online or facebook fate of what is happening. >> i think we will recommend here that you raised important points and write to us us specifically on the points. we are running out of time. can you talk about the challenge s challenges you face? >> users may not understand how to flag effectively.

our most flag video ever was a justin beiber video because peop people dislike him. so we want to increase the number of high quality flags we and we work with ngo's to give additional tools for flagging. the general public has a one third accuracy rate for flagging but the trusted flaggers have a 90% rate. it is easier to prioritize their flags and act quickly. >> is there a way you could add someone to that? if there are members who made four our five flags that ill fated they could be suspended? one thing i learned talking to the young folk last week is the

frustration they make flags and nothing happens. is that a similar scheme for facebook and twitter the >> we do have arrangements with organizations in other governments to flag things and have relationships with safety organizations who can let us know when they think the normal reporting process hasn't work. they come to the wrong judgment about this. we want people to use our standard reporting features. when you report from facebook, that report will get to the right person with the right language expertise is who is an expert in that area. we can be sure, and the vast majority of the situations, we get it right. not always. we would love to be per fect but

we are not. >> we don't have the decembsign system but we have a challenge of people reporting things they don't like and that requiresa significant amount of invesment to try to bring out the reports from the ones people saying this is offensive and i don't like it. that is where the real val ue o counter speech comes in. the response of something you don't like isn't to take it down but challenge that idea. that is where we tackle the underlying social issues that arise today. >> and one last question. there is a group of ideas generated and you are talking about forcing isis out and given the skill and money and

organization of the group is that realistic what success looks like? forcing them to drive away from the hope? >> this is not where we will expect to rely on others. if you read the reports from the foundation or the human teams they will tell you facebook has become a hostile place for the terrorist groups. it doesn't mean they will not try. they will absolutely try. so we want to share how we made facebook a hostile place. but there are many more platforms. and they are being created all of the time. it is understandable people who want to use these websites for evil don't come to select committees and it is hard to know who they are.

>> thank you. >> daesh is using your platforms to spread their words and against the efforts by daesh your company has some of the top tech brains in the world. and you are some of the most profitable companies in the world. i know google today has been the most valuable company in the world. are you seriously telling us that with all of the expertise and the talent your companies have you cannot do more in the fight against daesh? >> it is always possible to do more. our discussions with the hole office and this committee are good ways to understand what more can be done. we already are doing a lot. this isn't new to us.

we have been working on this topic for years. we, and i will repeat from what i said earlier, we do want to be humble about what we are forced to do. we cannot solve all of the world's problems but if we can make this a hostile place for extremism we are committed to doing so and working with other platforms that are not here >> are you suggesting that daesh is successful because of our platform and that is not the case. we worked hard to disrupt them along with other partners. we will continue to do so. of course we can always do more. but i reject the objection we don't care about the issue. that is far from the truth. >> that wasn't the suggestion.

the question is i am sure you could do more but there might be reasons of principle for why you are not. you have technology that bans pictures of women breast feeding but yet terrorist content remains there. >> that is not true. we do allow pictures of breast feeding and we allow people to post pictures of vasectomy scars. we rely on human reviews of reports. there is no technology that stops breast feeding >> mr. pickles? >> let me tell you about this scenario. it reaches the point and numerous academics looked at the question of making an algorithm to find this content particularly with text and

language. it is incredibly difficult to do more. george washington universities has a program on extremism and these people consolidate our efforts and people said last month the support of social network on twitter has been constrained by the suspension campaign. we are not the people to be the orders if you like. it is for academics to talk about this. and social media is just one part of the ecosystem. there is the question of face to face interaction and territory that has to be recognized as an important part of its propaganda. >> all three of your companies make a huge amount of money and generate more advertising and that is very successful in the services you provide. can you give the committee an

idea how high up your list of priorities in combatting isis from using your platforms? >> you covered this early so a word is fine. >> we don't want our platform to be an unsafe place and our ongoing success is critical in this. >> keeping people safe is our number one priority. >> i would like to pick up with what james asked you and that is ultimately if you dedicated more resources to taking action and doing more as mr. berry has just described you would probably need to take twitter's example more than a 100 people on to

your team to keep a check on what is happening in relation to 320 million users. as part of your challenge would you not accept that, i don't know the extent to when you sit on the company boards is that your directors and your strategic management have a legal obligation to maximize profitability. ... management at have a legal obligation to maximize profitability, but you also have obligations with respect to public safety. will you except you don't always get that write? >> mr. milner a quick answer. >> we started the proceedings with comments about ms. sandberg and the speech in berlin recently that demonstrates the commitment from the absolute top of our presentation to doing everything we can to make, can

to continue to make facebook a hostile place place for extremist and anybody wanted to >> of the numbers above which? >> being part of our company for a few yo years because afor working on the committed the operations team. as i do and my colleagues across the world wouldoss require there is cross functional working. >> when she talked about the work we're doing in this space perhaps there are more

details similar sharedre previously.ar >> my a final question is between the forgotten my is.her -- the allies to combat those issues objectively. we have to ask to be part of a civil liberties campaign what confidence can people have that you can approach these issues? >> we have people that used to work with the fbi. with these challenges issues.hbu and with the campaign's withes

those issues of the day. >> that was very sad about making a profit. day think the threshold ofsu what people can post on your webqu site but of course, that means more than 100 people monetary and and talk about freedom of expression.e and i followed my colleagues concerns or to make sureome your platform is a safe mak space. >> so what the streets of the g u.k.n't

>> but without long-term profitability and to refine the policies to give some clarity that we face. >> thanks for coming. the field that you understand why that the generic companies are not doing etf and to deal with those? deals understand our real concern about this? >> we are doing a lot and there is more that we could be doing that is airborne

conversation. >> and to combat extremist on the platform had very much welcome the opportunity to introduce you to my colleagues because of the work that they do. so if you still feel that way the we need to work harder to convince you. >> this is an important policy debate. it is the committee asking questions. or it will help you do your work. ordeal understand why we do this? >> it is an opportunity to hear you is available.

>> we should take the lead? united states? united can adapt? you? something completely different from other jurisdictions? >> because the secretary and the colleagues of global head of public policy to a holding a joint forum at the united arab emirates. so it is all about sharing. after different forms of the organization that is why we were again the same

direction. >> u.k. government has showed a significant amount of leadership in this topic. >> if that coalition meeting that is excellent example to bring everybody together to focus on strategic communications with surveillance. >> touche should take the lead? of legal framework sometimes it is cooperation and an amateur league best practice i have been attending many meetings on this issue. >> could we provide follow-up the formation? >>

[inaudible conversations] apologies for keeping your rating -- waiting we are simply grateful for you to come here we have a

declaration. >> for the record a counselor in my constituency i am proud of her. >> as a result of the evidence what do you see is the tipping point of british moslems in particular? that certainly seems to be the vast majority from law-abiding citizens with everything that is good with this country has to offer an first-generation immigrants.

but those that want to leave to fight and give everything at? >> i am not expert it is also education and gender equality. if i can answer that question, not too long. [laughter] for what is necessary with the professor of ph.d. >> it is not just a tipping point. and one of the things that i find as what is seen as a health issue and with the

work we have been doing you cannot doesn't take gold those elements. it is one that is more truthful. aicher there is an ecosystem and that is something that we have lost. >> so to do very effective work with the families that tries to cope with what has happened or the sister of someone who went to fight with daesh. is there a particular reason eight-point that people across that has ben

unleashed? or is that something that simply does not exist? >> we have some evidence but up until now with his foreign policy. but with the lack of communication and the with the older end the yoghurt generation and they can and have yelled people want to

be the heroes. for people to look up to them. is not up power as well as all of this comes into existence so they really don't understand is law that much. -- is -- much. but with islam they don't have a clue. >> one of the points that was made is the parents should be doing much more.

why are the parents not controlling their children? evidence is there the last people to go. >> added 90 percent of the payments they had no clue. and this is public knowledge now also like to say this, this son of the family told his father he would go to a seminar in syria. a few days later he text his mother to say i assyria. please pray for be i am not come back. he is still there.

they say what have we done wrong? why did it happen to us? there were no signs at all. >> mr. muhammed, do you get much support from the homophonous? you we're doing valuable work with respect to your community organization. >> we look for that support its worth having that government support and with

a lack of trust as well. we found it more efficient to get it produced added to commit that through the system. as a small organization getting caught up thrift large government departments to enable us to do our work. >> to give to funding? >> we did have regular funding three years but now we don't so we work closely with all of this and it is

called families matter. we show families who are going to syria and one was killed and one was still there another one has just come back. so the dvd is that we produce and their millions of hits. that some of us a jihad groups so that is our achievement. >> i should have said with a

good counselor that you are you should've had a chance to comment. [laughter] but we will leave that for another day. [laughter] >> as the chairman says to show that is the case. so did a show there are behavioral changes? >> yes ed what we look for in this matter.

when they are radicalized they start challenging their parents for their practice of islam. >> and then they don't come to us anymore. >> these are some of the science we hope to look for for felt and what more can be done?

>> that is with teenage behavior. but is it not quite drastic? >> that is what they said. >> but fate q.. what more could be done?

>> but now this is to have communications. to have communications with their children. that is straight forward to read. they have to be different dobie so judgmental. >> but how do we make sure? >> put the question is to change the behavior. how do we make sure parents see the signs? >> and to go to families matter. >> the trouble that i am having she says if she would turn to for help to say i

don't doubt the good work we are doing we still have a problem that they don't know where to go to find out what to do. so from your work what is the problem? >> publicity. we don't have the resources to publicize ourselves so much. is headed is publicize there. and with all love of mosques in the country please contact us. >> is there something more

the mosques could do? >> you came to ours three times. and with with those duties are. sa which factors do you believe are vulnerable? to talk about science? -- the signs? >> that is what she said.

then she was coming through domestic violence. this is the islamic states as well. >> what makes them foldable? >> and more education, poor housing, of lack of support. >> is a number of different factors. and we also have and indeed from 2001 a constant need for representation.

to be seated in a particular way. and then to look at the psychological effects. said it would not be around otherwise. but the young people pick up on these things. >> in the population of this country because of the

profiles of those that are involved are in some respects through gambling and and and so on and so forth. but they rediscover their religion. >> and to look somewhere they belong to. and then to come here. because nobody has said

they're becoming radicalized. and no answers have been found yet. >> tech out -- sometimes how it is seen as stigmatizing. end if they conspire it is a sad state of affairs is a very well meaning project. >> in the community to build

up its society the danger to rely and government funding is a policy change with the good organizations that have taken in government money. >> but with of diapers a vacation is the challenge but they're hoping that project. >> is associated with something as a blunt instrument and what it is

doing is stigmatizing whole communities. is us social change on the ground. and quite openly. but that is the question that is asked. said as part of reincarnation. >> this far as the schools are concerned to try to detect if there is a possibility to engage with isis? is that a possibility?

>> there needs to be a positive curriculum responds right now with the vulnerability and from what i've understand what does it teach next week on a windy morning? -- monday morning? there are organizations that are doing work around this. so let's work with it. and i think that is missing.

>> and with those questions to you but it is a fact for those who were responsible. >> yes. they certainly have implied with those students of deprivation. and the justification with the iraq war committee people were opposed to the board as we go. so which is more complex than that. >> with their mental-health issues or that constant

media to trail for any one person to do what they did. >> he did say he was employed by their colleagues that he did not employ in his community spirit could you respond to the question? >> this is asking teachers, yes. they have the training to detect it is not just when teachers responsibility but it has to be done properly

and the team passed to extend it. if they say want little sentence then to be radicalized to look at why they have done that. it is too quickly done and not enough behind that. >> one of the things is where do they get trusted information and advice?

also there was scienter generational break down along certain communities and the generational links. >> it is coming from their peer groups better brainwashing these young people. the good news is they take it from the schools and the teachers. >> and why do they seem to be more susceptible?

>> in those comments that i heard in nine years ago and no date has changed that much. . .

>> you know, seven years ago there may have been a news in society that might have felt and now it feels like it's over the middle-class family, who is actually doing the same thing and they have to think about where they go in holiday. what that means and i think that's the worry. we had an event and discussed

quite openly and we had teachers and students. the thing i was struck by was the fear from the audience. a couple of people said, please, don't quote. i mean, that's quite frightening, i think. >> thank you. significance in the prevalence of extremist propaganda on the internet and young people were speaking about it last week. they would all have to either ignore or report that. how do we ensure that our young people have those skills because we are not going to get and make sure that young people are able to deal with seeing such material? >> i think --

>> sorry. i think it comes back to school again. history to explore what the propaganda mean and look at historical examples, you're then developing, you're developing children who can be critical rather than just accepting and then that way it's a far more approach and the benefits are wide ranging and don't just effect extremist be information and be affected by that. there's an interesting article by an council director and he was writing about what was the common factor among jihadist in the middle east in north africa and he put forward the

hypothesis that there was less critical thinking and whether or not studying the art might have had an effect. it shouldn't just be focused on extremist. 15-20 years it'll be something else. it's a generation that can be critical. >> and so young people should be given the opportunity to not only discuss what is prevent, what is the difference. now people are so frighten they don't even want to discuss the issue. they should be some debate. let the young people discuss that ultimately and advises around them so that they understand properly than just listening to someone and

believing it. they need to have the opportunity to understand and know what it's like. they're not giving that opportunity to young people anymore. >> thank you. >> no, i was talking about -- >> yeah. >> okay. you talked about your concerns and lack of depth and actually recommendation would be the same as both as previous year postparis and could you just expand on that? >> yeah, again, i would say so, if i take work in criminal justice, for instance, we -- now, there's no word that

translate and there isn't a word that transfers from depression and with the work that we do around the criminal justice system we know speaking to young people that there's probably quite a large number of young people who are have indiagnosed mental health issues in the system. the mental health issues might be ignored. all the issues around that led them down a path that might have ended up in prison. if you look at -- the mayor of new york appointed and they're looking at 2013-2014, 55,000 students per suspended for public school and they are looking at that with a few what

might that mean to the criminal justice system. i think that happen -- that's what i meant. if that makes sense. >> yes, thank you. could you just highlight and explain to the committee what you mean by schools not being prepared and not training schools to implement the duty? >> again, speaking to teachers, they've been given and focus to them on an hour but on monday morning, what does that mean, but also the whole school environment. what happens during break time and lunchtime and there isn't enough training given to that so i would argue i don't know if it's a prevention program, it's

more of an intervention. a prevention program, okay, if we are worried about young children not being able to decide terrorist information, can we run a project in english in history that looks at propaganda, that would be -- that would make sense, but just saying these are the lists of vulnerabilities that we have to watch out for, we are just swamping teachers and don't feel comfortable about it. it's not one incident -- that response for our communities.

>> just two -- well, three quick questions. one was just in relation not directly on the evidence that we have taken from the social media companies, you were not here but do you believe that the social media companies and we've just heard from twitter, facebook and google, but, of course, there are others, do you believe that they are doing enough to help counter the radicalization of our young people? you don't have to give a long answer. >> to my knowledge, they radicalized because of internet. that's where they got the information. that says a lot. if these social media people are responsible and they were taking into consideration their duty towards communities, they would have done something. that's all i want to say.

>> and when we work on a project, we work with a number of different actors. it would be doctors, patients, artists. it's not just their responsible. they're part of aen -- an ecosystem and i'm surprised they don't know, it's not what they do every day. >> do you think they could do more? >> they could do more with a group of people. >> okay. now i want to ask you secondly about evidence that we took, she gave a piece in sunday's time where she said she felt a sense of guilt of what happened to her

brother and alleged to have gotten involved and then when she gave evidence to us, she wasn't in a place that she could concede, if you like, that's probably the wrong word, but you get my jest, was the fact that many of the families involved here simply don't see or weren't awe are of what was happening. i suppose my question to both of you, and this is not my view. i want this to be taken as a question. do you think in part why families find it so hard to deal with because it's difficult to accept what means to see what is happening? for her to say actually -- you know, what we have seen happened was actually happening under her nose. it's a very hard thing to

accept. >> if it's denial, really, yes. there is some denial. but people are coming to accept that and i'm working with families that are accepting that but if he's as you said difficult to start with, to accept what is going to happen and they don't think that they can do this -- her three sons have been killed now. they still say, how come they did this, they haven't accepted that they have been killed, they have done all that. she still doesn't accept that. >> i think we saw the husband of this particular woman on television saying some of those things. >> i saw some of the evidence actually and she's obviously --

it's a very difficult thing to watch. >> yeah, and i -- i can't imagine what -- what she has gone through either and i think you said that she needs some sort of support. >> indeed. >> there was some recent that show 90 to 95% of people what have been radicalized have been radicalized by friends. so we do we need to get them much earlier on at school and at the same time evidence to say that school isn't the right place to look out for these signs which contradicts the fact that you also mentioned that having good role models in school is a good thing. i would argue does a teacher have to be looking out, child exploitation, whatever, asking them to look out and make sure the kids have been groomed, it's

not a big ask even though you believe it's much deeper, more than one hour, for example. >> yes. i do agrees that schools can play a very vital part in this stopping people from becoming radicalized but they need correct training. >> more training? >> more training. they have to be equipped with the tools. >> i think it's a good work that the government is doing it. it's going to do it better. >> they have to do it better. >> even to help teachers out -- >> it's not helping teachers. i don't think what's happening in school right now would help a teacher to spot signs of extremist and radicalization. it's placing an atmosphere of

fear. the longer-term strategy would be to develop more positive-school environment. it's kind of constricting. >> but that is what you hope teachers would be doing in school, having open discussions about what it means to be living in a particular community, what aspirations young boys and girls should have. it alludes back to your conversation parents not being able to communicate the faith, it's a much more conservative form. >> it's not just -- every aspect of life. in any of the society as well. because of the problem of

language barriers as well, now young people in other communities appear they only speak english and parents may not know english and they don't communicate with each other, so there is a gap of that as well. when i go into families, they say, mom, you don't know much about these things. >> all teenage students say that. >> they all say that. thank you for that. following that the secretary asking special support provided to families like the dah family and there are specialist offices involved in st who are trained to do this kind of work. it would be better, would it not, for organizations like yourselves to be asked to go and see families to counsel them and make sure that they are dealing with this incredibly difficult

situation, would you be willing to do that if you were asked to do that? you don't accept money from the government. if you were called upon -- [laughter] >> if you were called upon to be part of that process where it's community train people rather than ct offices going to help families, do you think very quickly, do you think that's something that you will be up for? >> we created a resource that's being used across the country but it was made with the service provider and the community organizations so could we do it, yes. >> i do agree that we are the ones who can go talk to people because if city officers go, they won't open up at all. they won't tell them anything. they speak to us. they open up. we know their issues, we can help them out and we are doing a

lot of work with so many families. we are working with them and it helps because we have islamic. she's a woman and she can sit down with them and say where does it say jihad killing them. >> the line that people have to ring, the telephone is the antiterrorism hotline. we suggested that this should be renamed. >> renamed. >> what do you think? >> no, no, please rename that. >> no. i don't think that's going to work. >> this could be a resource run by the company with trained people who could help people through this situation that is not part -- >> i would say you just need to have a range of different --

>> yes. >> can i say one more thing, sorry? it'll be interesting to do a review. i think that would be an efficient use. >> that's very interesting suggestion that we would look at. mr. mohamed, ms. jaffer thank you very much for coming today. >> that concludes the session. >> book tv has 48 hours, panel discussion on the life and career of the recently retired librarian of congress to serve from 1987-2015. and then at 10:00 on after

words, the origin of the conservative movement and the republican party needs to return to its roots. >> basically you have to pretend that you're something you're not. you have to adopt a persona and a style that would actually hurt you when it comes to winning over millennials or cosmopolitan american who is should be voting conservative but are turned off by the cultural baggage. >> on sunday at noon, live three-hour discussion eric burns. join the conversation with phone calls, emails, facebook comments. watch book tv all weekend every weekend on c-span2.

television for serious readers. later today c-span's road to the white house coverage continues with remarks from hillary clinton and bernie sanders tat new hampshire democratic dinner in manchester. they'll be joined by congresswoman and governor mage hanson. more from the campaign trail, on saturday hillary clinton greets supporters in port smith, on sunday at 10:45 marco rubio holds a town hall meeting in bedford. see all of those events on c-span. c-span's campaign 2016 is taking

you on the road to the white house. >> let's two win the nomination. >> thank you and god bless you. >> in iowa c-span brought you candidate speeches. >> thank you all very much. >> meet and greets, town halls and live caucus coverage. this week c-span is on the ground in new hampshire. live election coverage starts tuesday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, c-span, c-span radio and c-span .org. >> tomorrow on washington journal radio talk show host discussing the new hampshire primary and what's important to that state's voters. after that another radio talk show host. plus your phone calls, facebook comments and tweets. washington journal live saturday at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span.

at the start of today's white house briefing president obama announced that the unemployment fell to 4.9% t first time the rate has dropped in the last eight years, he said, quote, americans are working, wages are up and gas prices are down. here is more now. h. >> after reaching 10% in 2009 unemployment rate has fallen to 4.9% even as more americans join the job market last month. this is the first time that the unemployment has dipped below 5% in almost eight years. americans are working. all told over the past six years our business has added

14 million new jobs. 71 straight months of private sector job growth, over the past two years 2014 and 2015 our businesses added more jobs since the 1990's. most importantly this progress is start to go translate into bigger paychecks. over the past six months wages have groan at the fastest rate and the policies that i will push this year are design today give workers more leverage to raise wages, gas prices are all down, jobs, wages and the rate of insured are up. i should mention by the way, that since i signed obamacare nearly 18 million americans have gained coverage and our businesses have created jobs every month since.

on that, all of them full-time jobs. as i said many my state of the union address, the united states of america right now has the strongest most durable economy in the world. i know that's still inconvenient for republican speeches as their doom plays in new hampshire, i guess you cannot please everybody. that does not mean that we don't have more work to do and there's softness in the global economy. china is going through a transition. europe's economy is still slow. a lot of the emerging markets are challenged so that's all creating head wins for a lot of u.s. companies who do business overseas, it makes it for difficult for us to sell exports so we have to pay attention and take smart steps this year to continue progress. and we also have to do more to

make sure that the progress that we do make is broadly based and impacting folks up and down the income scales. the budget that i send to congress on tuesday is going to make sure that we can continue that progress. talking down the american economy by the way does not make that progress. >> that was just part of what the president had to say earlier today on the release of job numbers for january. you can see his entire remarks tonight at 8:00 eastern here on c-span2. >> this weekend the c-span city tour hosted by communications cable partners explores the history and literary culture of santa barbara locateed approximately 90 northwest of los angeles in the california

coast. on book tv, we will learn about the history of endangered species and the threat they pose to coastal cities. >> three and a half million people in california live within three and a half foot of muddy sea level. and that's a lot of people to move. >> ben will visit the old mission santa barbara to tour archives and see items that tell the story of the mission and the surrounding area, on american history tv will travel back to the silent-movie era and learn about the role that santa barbara placed in the industry also known as the flying a studios which produced silent films here from 1912-1921.

next we will visit the old mission santa barbara outdoor museum and discover how the spanish introduced plants to the indians who cultivated many of these and changed the landscape of california. finally, we will hear about one of santa barbara's and long lasting industries due to mild climate, the city was promoted as health resort destination for travelers in other parts of the u.s. in early as 1870. tourism remains big part of the u.s. economy today. >> the south-facing coast gave them all day sunshine, the fresh ocean air and that was recommended in various visitors brew curious, doctors would say come to santa barbara, mineral hot springs, fresh mountain air and so that was sign as the cure for so many people in 1870's, 1880's when we really boomed not as a tourist city but a health boom.

c-span city's tour working with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. >> earlier this week obama spoke at the national prayer breakfast in washington, he was joined by paul ryan and derrick henry. husband and wife producers mark burnett delivered the keynote address and talked about the challenges of making christian-themed movies in hollywood. this is two hours. >> we want to get started this morning. we have a great lineup at our head table and we are excited again that everybody is here and i just -- as i mentioned before i'm representative robert from

the state of alabama and privileged to be here with my cochair for this event. my new best friend juan vargas from the state of california. [cheers and applause] >> just so you know, over the past 13 months we've been praying and we've been working and praying some more about what happens over the next 75 minutes. we pray this head table together. we pray for you that are here in this ballroom, for those that are in the auxiliary room which are enjoying a better breakfast than we are having. some of you are out there watching it on a computer screen, monitor, some are watching it by television. we pray for everyone that's listening or in our presence because we believe that jesus and power of prayer is so desperately is needed these days. so thank you for showing up and