northwest or the great lakes, they are very intertwined, and it is really the governors and senators of those states that care about making this work. it is an interesting question and complicate a, why we do not see this earlier. but there is so much focus on figuring out how to make this work after 9/11. under the harper government and under the previous government. and now we are looking at the fruits of labor. now we are today this week they were announcing we are expanding preclearance. if you're flying out of canadian airports, taking the train, you can be cleared in one country and across the border and not have to go through customs they didn't. you can be certified as a trusted traveler. we have all these things. outsole post 9/11 and that was really the focus of so much focus and work. so not have these two leaders

come out and say here's the next increment, they really have i think their predecessors to thank for letting the ground. both under the previous liberal government and the conservativet government to even get to the point where we are today. >> host: george w. bush had state dinners for the leaders of china, the philippines, donna, mexico, queen elizabeth ii. poland and italy. his first state dinner was fort president fox of mexico a couple of days before 9/11. david macnaughton, want to ask you about him, the new canadian ambassador. what do you know about him? >> guest: he has one criteria that are think is very, very important in any ambassador and that is he's very close to the prime minister. i think that is what people want to know about the ambassadors. if he's telling me something or i tell him something, is this going to the right person of how close are they?

i think he's got the. he helped to get trudeau elected. >> host: he is not necessarilyau a career -- >> guest: a lot of the ambassadors that the united states sent to canada in recent years have been big fundraisers. these are people who have been huge supporters and as you see the whole, all the ambassadors around the world, these are plum post eq to some who helped toe raise money. david macnaughton was much closer to the? >> guest: than that. is close in terms of crafting his strategy and so on. i think that's what he's got going for you. is not a career politician and that can help you a lot. the outgoing ambassador gary doer who is the premier of manitoba and the really skilled politician benefited from the fact that he could go in and meet with the governor or a senator or congressman and speak their language as a follow elected. so that's not the case here, but on the flipside is very, very

close to the current trying -- current prime minister. i think these are the very close relationship, that's something that should help them along. >> host: we sat down with david macnaughton for an interview at the canadian embassy which is right on pennsylvania avenue halfway between the capitol and the white house. veryni significant. the only embassy on pennsylvania avenue. here's the interview. >> ambassador macnaughton, the newly elected prime minister justin trudeau was making his first official visit to the united states this week. what's happening here at the embassy in preparation for his arrival? >> there's been an awful lot of work done by the staff year. obviously, this kind of trip is intense. there's lot of meetings we have

in addition to the prime minister, we have many ministers, cabinet ministers coming. so the staff has been working overtime to make this aai must successful visit. and i must say that the state department and the white house and everybody has been terrifically cooperative, andic they truly help the staff heres. in terms of the preparation that everybody has been terrific. >> as ambassador what is your role? >> i just take all the credit for the good things with all the staff. i have been here for all of the day so it's been a lot of work for me getting up to speed with all the issues. i've had the good fortune of meeting a lot of people already at the white house. i sat beside secretary kerry at the gridiron dinner. we had a lot of talk -- we have a lot to talk about. i've had a couple of meetings at the white house. i have my family here when i presented my credentials to the

president. so it's been a bit of a whirlwind 10 days but it's been amazing. >> you are new to your post. tell us about the amount of coordination that goes on between the state department, the white house and industry. how do you manage all of that in preparation for an official visit? we ha >> well, you know, we have almost i think total almost 300 people here at the embassy, and so they have counterparts, not just a state but homeland security and all of the various, you know, the ustr, have you wor been working for ever since the visit was announced day in and day out to make this a successful trip. so it's been a lot of work.n all i have been briefed on all the issues. i've been brought up to date in terms of the schedule but most of the hard work is done by the

staff on both sides. >> what do you think the canadian people expect out of this visit? >> well, in some respects it is a re-engagement and a refresh of the relationship. the most important relationshipr we have in the world. americans are not only our closest neighbors, but our best friends at our largest tradingrs partner. there's $2 billion a day worth of bilateral trade that goes on. so it's a critical relationship for us from an economic standpoint but also in today's world it's also important that we work together on security issues.. and a lot of that is being discussed and i think we are certainly at one in terms of our approach to that. we live side-by-side. we need to work together on security matters, as we have in the past. we've been partners in norad for a long time and that's worked out really well. >> what do you think the prime

minister wants to accomplishco when he speaks with the president and he is here for all the different events that will take place? >> we have quite a number of items that have been discussed on and off between canada and the united states. we are hoping that this visit allows us to finalize an agreement certainly on the environment, climate change, some economic issues.an and some security issues. and then there are other items where we are not going to reach agreement while the prime minister is here, but hopefully we can nudge them along and gets into a point where we can hopefully get some agreements between now and the fall. >> where do you want to do some nudging? where does the prime minister want to do some nudging? >> us to our economic issues that are quite important. for the united states and for canada, the whole dispute over softwood lumber, you know, we had a 10 year agreement.

it ran out last fall. it's in both of our interests to reach an agreement on softwood lumber because having to kindsly of trade disputes, the only people that are happy windows takes place are lawyers, and i'm not sure that's in our interest to be making lawyers wealthy. >> described her relationship with the prime minister. how did you get your post i don't often, you've only been there for 10 days but how often are you communicating? >> i first wa was in, i first ws in blair house many years ago with the prime minister's father. i worked with the foreign minister right out ofwi university, and began to washington, i came to washington with his father. and i got to know the prime minister eight or nine years ago when he got into politics. h his chief of staff and hisprin

principal secretary are close personal friends. i worked on the campaign that took place last year, and he and i are very close. i really hadn't anticipated when i was working on the election campaign that i was going to bes thatd to do this job. that wasn't why i was working og the campaign, but when he asked if i would do this i was thrilled. this is obviously a very important job in the canadian diplomatic corps, and so i'm glad to be here and i'm hoping that i can use my experience in terms of business and in politics and in public policy to work with americans to our mutual benefit. because we need to see this not as a zero-sum game but as a way to work together for the benefit of both countries. >> what are your marching orders? >> well, i think obviously this

year is an important you because they're not only as a presidential election but obviously congressional elections.s. i need to develop relationshipsa because, you know, things that, when there are difficulties, and there are always going to bere difficult is, difficulties among friends, there is difficultiesdi in relationships like marriages. the way you get over those difficult it is to be open and honest and not let the little problems get in the way of what is a terrific relationship. >> ambassador macnaughton, thank you for your time. >> thank you very much. >> host: and that was ambassador david macnaughton, canadian ambassador to the u.s. earlier this week. acolyte, luiza savage. how important is the canadian ambassador here? s is there some power behind that position or some influence? >> guest: it's an interesting question.f the role of the canadian

ambassador has changed over the years and a really interesting way i think. if you go back to the 1980s and the negotiation over the free trade agreement, back then when the then ambassador came here to this town, he has written and told me about thosee that he was told your place is to do with the administration, with the state department, with the white house. you do not go to capitol hill because you don't get, don't meddle in the lawmaking process. said during the time when tryi're trying to pass free trade, all the action was on the hill. they needed to persuade people they are. so he was really forceful on saying our goal, our role as an ambassador not just to represent the government but to be ang lobbyist and give meetings on the hill. so now the modern embassy has an

entire secretariat devoted to basically lobbying on capitol hill and getting beatings. they will go into with charts and they will show you your district and they will say here are the jobs that are linked to your specific district with trade with canada enters the full economic content. i think we're at a point now where there has to be the next level of evolution on usher anyone quite as how to do it. we talked about the difficulty in building cross-border infrastructure, for example, to support the kind of trade that has been growing. when you are building real things in the real world on real land, suddenly you are out of state department, you're out ofc the congress. you into local communities, state legislatures, local don't politicians. they don't have diplomatic reception rooms for the ambassador to come in and make the case. this is a whole new realm for foreign government. that to me was the most

fascinating thing about the detroit ridge soccer that's been going on. you saw the consul general in detroit going on essentially political campaign tour of the state with the governor of michigan and making the case for the bridge, because the owner of the bridge at the time had launched a referendum campaign, a ballot initiative, that would've blocked the bridge. and you saw this diplomat from canada doing stump speeches essentially with the governor ahead of an election trying to prevent this ballot initiative. and that's the kind of challenge now of diplomacy but if you want about the pipeline through the state of nebraska at east to exit were basically that's whatr the opposition really got heated, you have to be the on the ground and dealing with communities and even with states, and that is not whatat most foreign diplomacy is our structure to do. so it's a fascinating sort of

evolution of this relationship and the kinds of things that diplomats are now called on to do and how it is changing. >> host: luiza savage is with a political. what did he do at politico? >> guest: i run the content of our live journalism, life events. we do panel discussions, newsmaker interviews, international events. we just did one on canada here in washington on tuesday. we launched politico europe's were working on transatlanticto event. if you're in washington and have a complete "playbook breakfast"a or a panel discussion on one kind of policy or another, w that's what we do and it's a lot of fun. >> host: if the last name sounds familiar and you are rid of the "new york times," her husband is charlie savage provide for the new times and is also an author and has a new book out. karl in hot springs arkansas. thanks for holding. please go ahead callback good evening -- >> caller: good evening.

thanks for an enlightening evening. i would like your comments either dispel or affirm, comments made by americans thatm the health care system in canadr causes people to wait for months or years or health care. good luck, and thank you. >> host: the elephant in the room. >> guest: very interesting question. it's a complicated question. you are weightless for certain procedures but they are for certain kinds of specialized procedures. so what's not health care with large that you have to wait for. if you're sick you can go to the doctor and you don't see paperwork. you don't deal with insurance against its all provided and covered. but there have been issues with particular specialized procedures. there's also the safety valve outlook, if you want to spend the money you could cross the

border and go to the united states and get whatever treatment you want. >> host: is that common? >> guest: i don't know how, it is. i would have to look at the statistics that it is an option for people who want to use it. most people are pretty satisfied with their health care. i think, we secured the third rail is under the politics is social security. i think in canada it's thea health care system. i don't think anybody wants to lose that. it's considered a part of the social contract. >> host: we are talking with luiza savage and it because the obama's are hosting trudeaus at the 11th state or official dinner during president obama's two terms. tonight it's for prime minister trudeau and sophie gregoire-trudeau. the lycos into the preparation that the white house, for a state dinner. there was a press preview done by the social secretary, and we want to show you. this is a yesterday and we want to show this. >> hi, everyone.

welcome to the white house. prid as laura mention i'm the white house secretary. it is my privilege and honor to welcome you here today for thepr press preview for the state dinner happening t tomorrow. but it will be happening in eastern followed by beautiful selections of sara bareilles writer in the state diner. this marks the 11th state or official visit of the obama administration and i'm excited to hear for your preview. in a few moments you will get to hear from some of my an amazing college. starting with the white house florist and she will tell you about the design and the decor of the visit. it is inspired by the scenic of the phoenix labor tony is in canada and also the color of the spring. following that you hear from shelf cris comerford and susie. double album so be served. for the first time we're debuting the individual terrain that will have also from the obama china service. as you can understand this is not an easy feast to put it is

like this together in addition to the social office and the colleagues at uci to say thathi blanket think it also department that help us with a special evening together. without further ado i'm going to introduce my colleague, denison offutt. have a great time and thank you. >> good afternoon. thank you for coming. the president and first lady are very much looking forward to pr welcoming prime minister trudeau and mrs. gregoire-trudeau and the entire canadian delegation to the white house on march 10. this'll be the first official visit by a canadian primer minister the united states in 19 years and is a testament to the importance value the united states and president obama places on the u.s.-canada relationship. this is an opportunity for the two countries to further expand and deepen the very close relationship that we share. this'll be the second meeting

between the president and primes minister. they met in the philippines at apeapex and census poker sometie on the telephone. the united states and candor relationship is one of the strongest in the world. underpinned by our shared history, democratic values, family ties, economy and geography. we show the world's largest common border between joy the largest comprehensive trade and investment relationship. we stand shoulder to shoulder to secure our nation's against threats both domestic andd abroad. invol we provide a leadership that enables multilateral seditions and international institutions to respond to crisis and support communities in need. we are joining to protect environment and combat climate change as well as developing clean energy. of course, when these visits occur, the by battle leading is one aspect of the event. also on the schedule is the

arrival certainly come a press conference and most -- lunch hosted by the second estate. this progression of events sets the tone for the final event, the state dinner. the president and first lady will host a state dinner in honor of prime minister trudeau and mrs. gregoire-trudeau. i will leave the details to my colleagues that would like toll highlight a couple issues about a state dinner. in the united states the modern state dinner dates back to the 1870s and symbolizes the relationship, the importance and value of a relationship that the white house places on the relationship with the foreign country. such an event is reserved for the most important off relationships, and in the case of president obama's time in office this is only the 11th time. in short, we consider ourselves fortunate to call the canadians our allies, partners, neighborsf and friends come and we are looking forward to tomorrow's event. now it is a great pleasure to

introduce the white house florist, hedieh ghaffarian. thank you. >> hello, everyone. i'm the chief florist of the white house hedieh ghaffarian. and we are very excited that the first lady mrs. obama chose this, jade as one of the favorite colors of the first lady of canada. as spring coming up we've incorporated some yellow which is the first color of spring and is the color of friendship. you can see we have enhanced the centerpieces with satellites with each one of them have one type of flower to have a flower stand by itself but in the bigger arrangements with cascading orchids, hydrangea and roses and some hanging -- which gives you a feel of walking through a garden at springtime with all the flowers are starting to bloom.

thank you and i will introduce my colleague cris comerford, the executive chef. >> hi. good afternoon ladies and generally. w my name is cris comerford. i'm the white house executive chef and for the state dinner we want to showcase everything from the pacific north west all the way to the atlantic side of the north americas. for the first course this is the first time ever we will be unveiling this wonderful soup terrine that is a part of theart obama china service come and what we are going to do is doing a little review. it's called the big halibuthaliu casserole which is a comfort t food of the americas, and so i'm going to show you later on that -- you get closer, you can take a close-up picture of this, but it's a wonderful big halibut

that is garnished with asparagus, angel asparagus and some spring onions. so pretty much what we want to show is anticipation of spring. for the style but we are roasting some apricots in white house honey and also some w wonderful cinnamon. the wonderful salad that is garnished with slivers of appellation achieves that is such a wonderful salty and dainty, nation. and then for the main course we are serving baby lamb chops from a small farm in colorado and we will be garnishing it with potatoes and some wonderful, wonderful vegetables in the spring accented by yukon jack sauce. i'm going to turn over now to our pastry chef, susie morrison. thank you. >> good afternoon, everyone. exi

my name is susie morrison and executive pastry chef. i'm here to describe to you the dessert course for tomorrow's dinner. we have a dessert that is a reflection of the memory of winter and the celebration of the arrival of spring. guests will be served this cake with delicate nuances of texas pitons and caramelized maple syrup from new england. a splendor of the rocky mountains is here in this handmade sugar display which the rocky mountains extend from newt mexico to candidate. the variety of pastries with american and canadian influences come view from about on top with handmade sugar sculpture. this display to fix and illustrates the regions beautiful and astonishing scenery. also a long with this is a dramatic landscape surrounded by

stunning wilderness, florist basin and lush valleys with turquoise water. this display also includes a cranberry square, white chocolate snowballs, care mills, parts and a chocolate coconut. thank you very much. had a wonderful afternoon. >> host a dinner will be served in about five minutes or so. the two leaders are still giving their toast as we speak. when they finished we will getay that video back and we will play it for secrecy.te we have a few minutes left with our guest luiza savage talking about u.s.-canada relations. some of the issues.ng we're also talking about theoi dinner. we put the numbers up on the screen if you would like to participate. we set aside a third line the city for canadians. we would like to hear from you whether you're watching in canada or watching in the state.

charles in mobile, alabama, please go ahead with your thoughts call mike thank you, good evening. i've enjoyed it is time. i wanted to reflect back to what you talked about in regards to the prime minister deciding to not -- [inaudible] i would if you could elaborate really does have excellent policy choice or strategic incause canada is known for having superior and excellence in planning what the prime minister felt like the are a lot of other people contributing from the air. could you speak a little bit more towards that and talk about where that may come from? and also if you agree with that. >> guest: you are talking a withdrawing the jets from the coalition, is that right?

[inaudible] postmen did you say military planners, charles tranter i was talking trainers earlier. on the ground in northern iraq to help the forces there and help multiply -- post that in canada is increasing the numbers. >> guest: tripling it according to the official statement.t. we saw a little bit during also the arrival when the liberal government of jean chretien did not want t want to participate y helped the allied effort in other ways by sending ships to relieve other ships and so on. so there are ways the allies can help each other without always doing the front-line work. but i think in this case my understanding from my colleagues who cover the pentagon, the concern was not so much that they would lose these particulat fighter jets but they did want to encourage other allies who are having cold feet to start pulling out. so was more of a symbolic

feeling that the administration had. >> host: would be political suicide for a canadian prime minister not to be bilingual? >> guest: it would be very hard to be elected.. at various levels of government and the country is official bilingual but if you go to a press conference in ottawa as a reporter you hear everyone switching back and forth between the two languages. you will see that in the press conferences, the joint press coverage is between the prime minister and the president.te is always a moment with the prime minister switches toto french and then the u.s. cameras go away and switched to other programming. it gets to be judicious at what point he makes the switch. but it's really a way of saying to the french-speaking part of the country that they are just as important as anyone else. at his prime minister is very bilingual and the last prime minister had to work at his french but he made the effort. i will tell you a funny story. with the ambassador who wasnada

being sent to canada under the bush administration, davidki wilkins, he was in south carolina, a wonderful southern n gentleman.en i went down to interview him for maclean's before he was going to candidate and he was wonderful, wonderful host. we had a great conversation and usage of any advice for me for what i go to ottawa? i said yes, i think would be another thing to do to learn a few words of french that you could sort of use in your publiu moments. so i like to think that he took it apart because every you're in ottawa the u.s. ambassador hosts this big fourth of july party. it's a beautiful house that the ambassador gets, beautiful views of the ottawa river which is q quite majestic and beautiful grounds. .. and food from whatever the home state is and music and one of the coveted tickets in town he you out and said bonjour

all. he said that's the limit of how much french he learned. he was a charming southerner. host: joan is in sag harbor, new york. your comments about the state dinner, u.s.-canada relations. caller: thank you for presenting this program because it's so refreshing to turn the television on and see programs in the middle of all political i have a question for the receptacle i know the prime minister is very concerned about climate change . and about the environment as it is of course our president and they have this discussion, this problem we all face in the world but i just wonder, i also know much of the economy in

canada is based on all production. do you have any idea how he will reconcile his interest in climate change and the environment with the economic needs that he manages to meet in canada itself? >> i think this is the key question and i think you just framed it so well. this is a real challenge for him to the oil in alberta is more energy intensive then traditional conventional oil tanker there are some forms of oil in the united states and california, but this is a heavy creed and it takes a lot of energy to get it out of the ground. there's been studies that say to get the kind of emissions reductions that canada needs to get you would have to have carbon tax in the range of 100 dollars per ton. whereas in the united states,

because it's easier to switch the economy to natural gas you can have a much lower, $15 per ton to get that same reduction so the point is it's much more expensive and more difficult to get those emissions reductions in canada so what you see the prime minister doing now is going to premieres on some of them have taken steps to reduce emissions but it's going to be hard because it is an oil and gas exporting country and this is a big part of the economy and as we were noting earlier all prices are low now so it's a difficult time to impose new costs and taxes on an industry that is suffering and people are losing their jobs and so on so this is really the challenge and it will be interesting to see how he does it he had some announcements today, the prime minister and president announced they will be taking steps to cut methane emissions which is a potentgreenhouse gas

. they've announced they are taking some steps on aviation emissions so they are looking for things theycan do . the other point i think is interesting, president obama has through the epa, he has regulatory power through the state to go here's my energy plan, were going to reduce emissions from oil oil plants and so on and then the state has to comply go we will see how that works out but the canadian prime minister really has to rely on the promises and the premieres to get that done so he has fewer letters to implement this at the federal level. you've identified one of the core challenges, how does he reconcile his great ambitions here with actually implementing it go for the new york times recently did a, took a look at all the president obama's state dinners, state and official dinners.

35 percent of the guests came from wall street, 40 percent from hollywood, 20 for percent from the media. those are some facts and figures in the new york times study. lisa savage has been our guest this evening. she's with politico, formerly with flames in canada. thank you for being with us to preview the state dinner. just a few minutes ago the two leaders there close to each other in the eastern. this is the last piece of video, this is maybe 10 minutes minutes ago.this is the last piece of video they let us shoot before we had to get our cameras out and everybody can enjoy a dinner so here's president obama and prime minister trudeau at the state dinner. >> .

[applause] [laughter] [inaudible ] so tonight, history comes full circle. 44 years ago, president nixon made a visit to ottawa. he was hosted by prime minister p trudeau. [applause] there was a toast. tonight we dispense with the

formalities president nixon said. i'd like to propose a toast to the future prime minister of canada, justin p air trudeau he was four months at the time you however, years later the prediction has come to pass. mister prime minister, today i think it's fair to say that here in america you may well be the most popular canadian injustice. [applause] i said this morning that americans and canadians are family and tonight i want to recognize two people who made so much to me and michelle and our family. first of all, my brother-in-law. originally from burlington ontario.

and so had that not happened we might not have met my sister in which case my lovely nieces might not have been born so this is yet one more debt that we owe to the people of canada. in addition, a true friend and member of my team who has been with me every step of the way, he is from toronto and the torah and also a frequent golf partner, martin nicholson. [applause] as you can see

they've infiltrated all of our ranks. before i ever became president when we celebrated my sister and conrad's marriage, michelle and i took our daughters to canada and we went to burlington and this is hard to pronounce. mrs. i want? and we went to toronto and niagara falls. mrs. i want. i can do that. everywhere we went the canadian people made us feel right at home go tonight, we want our canadian friends to feel at home so this is not a dinner. it's supper. we thought of serving up some putin . i was going to bring tuple and

then we finish off the night with a double double. but i draw the line at getting milk out of the bag . this we americans do not understand your we do however have a little canadian whiskey that we do understand. this visit has been a celebration of the values we share. we as a people are committed to the principles of the quality and opportunity. the idea that if you work hard and play by the rules you can make it if you try, no matter what the circumstance of your birth . in both of our countries. and we see this in our presidential campaign.n.after all, where else could a boy born in calgary grow up to run for president of the united states. [applause] where else could we

see a community like britain and nova scotia welcoming americans if the election does not go there way? and to the great credit of their people, canadians from british columbia to new brunswick have so far rejected the idea of building a wall to keep out your southern neighbors. [laughter] we appreciate that. we can be unruly i know. on a serious note, this visit reminds us of what we love about canada. the solidarity shown by so many canadians after 9/11. they welcomed stranded american travelers into their homes. the courage of your servicemembers standing with us in afghanistan and now in iraq. the compassion of the canadian

people welcoming refugees like the prime minister himself and told those refugees you are safe at home now. justin, we also see canada's spirit in your mother's great advocacy for mental health and i want to give a special welcome to margaret trudeau tonight. [applause] and we see canada's spirit in soapy, champion of women and goals because our daughters deserve the same opportunities that anybody's sons do. the spirit reminds us of why we are all here.

why we serve. justin, sophie, your children are still young. they are adorable and they still letyou hug them . when we first spoke on the phone after your election we talked not only as president and prime minister but also as fathers. when i was first elected, melia was 10 and sasha was just seven. and they grow up too fast. this fall, melia heads off to college. i'm starting to choke up so i'm going to, it was in my remarks. i can't do it. it's hard. but there is a point to this and that is that we are not here for power. we're not here for fame or fortune. we are here for our kids.

we're here for everybody's sak , to give our sons and daughters a better world. to pass to them a world that's a little safer and alittle more equal , a little more just, a little more prosperous so that a young person growing up in chicago or montrcal or on the other side of the world has every opportunity to make of their life what they will no matter who they are or what they look like or how they pray or who they love. justin, i believe there are no better words to guide us in this work then those you once use to describe what your father taught you and your siblings. to believe inyourself , to stand up for ourselves, to know ourselves and accept responsibility for ourselves. to show our genuine and deep respect for each other and for every human being. and so i would like to propose atoast .

to the great alliance between the united states and canada. to our friends justin and sophie. the friendship between the americans and canadians andthe spirit that binds us together , a genuine, deep and abiding respect for each and every human being. cheers. [applause] michelle, all of you

gathered here it is an extraordinarily honor for me to be with you here tonight. thank you so much for the warm welcome you shared. it is incredibly touching to be here not just as a couple, sophie and i but to be able to bring our families down as well. so please mom and dad, stella and john, this is looking forward to the future with sophie and of course my own mother margaret who, her last state dinner here was in 1977 so it's wonderful to have you here. it's also touching to me melia

and sasha who are here at the state dinner. and quite frankly the memories for me of being a kid and not being old enough to attend these kind of events with my father almost makes me wish i had spent my teenage years as child of a world leader but not quite. i admire you very much, both of you for your extraordinarily strength and grace through what is a remarkable childhood and a young adulthood that will give you extraordinary strength and wisdom beyond your years for the rest of your life. the one thing you have received from your extraordinary parents is the tools to be able to handle the challenges and opportunities that are given to you. thank you very much for joining us tonight. [applause] in thinking about

what i wanted to say this evening, i came across a quote from president truman who share these words with the canadian parliament nearly 70 years ago. he said that canada's relationship with the united states is not developed on tennis. it did not come about through the happy circumstance of geography but was compounded of one part proximity and nine parts goodwill and common sense. it is that enduring goodwill and common sense that i believe defines our relationship to this day. it's what makes our constructive partnership possible. it's what allows us to respectfully disagree and remain friends and allies on the few occasions we do. for example, i would argue that

it's better to be the leader of a country that consistently wins all the gold medals in hockey. president obama would likely disagree and yet he still invited us over for dinner. because that's what friends do. [laughter] because now that i think ofit , we are actually closer than friends. we are more like siblings really. we have shared parentage, though we took different paths in our later years. we became the stay-at-home type. you grew to be a little more rebellious. and i think the reason that goodwill and common sense come so easily is because we are canadians and americans alike, guided by the same core values. values like cooperation and respect.

cooperation because it keeps us safe and prosperous. and respect because it's the surest path to both safeguarding the world we share and honoring the diverse people with which we share it. when it comes to security for example we agree that our country is our stronger and the world is safer when we work together. for more than half a century we joined forces to protect our continent. we've been the closest of allies overseas for even longer, fighting together on the beaches of france, standing shoulder to shoulder with our european partners in nato and now confronting violent extremism in the middle east. in every instance we realize that our concerns were better addressed together than alone. together we have realized the longest most peaceful and most mutually beneficial relationship of any two countries since the birth of

the nationstate. it's a relationship that doesn't just serve its own interests but serves the entire world. canadians and americans also value economic interdependence because we know that it brings greater prosperity for all of us. over $2.4 billion of goods and services cross the border every day, evidence of one of the largest and most mutually beneficial trading relationships in the world. and one of your most popular exports to the united states and i need you to stop teasing him is another justice. no, that kid has had a great year. and of course leave it to a canadian to reach international fame with a song called hurry. together canada and the us

negotiated trade agreements that have expanded opportunities for our business, created millions of goods, well-paying jobs for our workers and made products more affordable for more canadians and american families. we must never take that partnership for granted. i can promise you my government never will. nor should we forget that our responsibilities extend beyond our own borders but across generations. which means getting rid of that outdated notion that a healthy environment and a strong economy stand in opposition to one another. it means that when we come to issues like climate change we need to acknowledge that we are all in this together. our children and grandchildren will judge us not by the words we said but by the actions we took or failed to take. if we truly wish to leave them a better world than the one we inherited from our own parents,

i know the president, you and the first lady on this as strongly as sophie and i do, we cannot deny the science. we cannot pretend that climate change is still up for debate. [speaking in french] thank you mister president for your leadership, your global leadership on the pressing issue of the environment and climate change. [applause] finally, we believe in canadians and americans in the fundamental truth that diversity can be a source of strength.

can be a thriving and prosperous country not in spite of our differences because of them. canadians know this. it's why communities across the country welcomed more than 25,000 syrian refugees over the past four months. [applause] >> and not as visitors or temporary citizens but as canadians. but of course, americans understand this also. it's why each generation has welcome newcomers taking liberty and the promise of a better life. it's what has made americans great over the past decade. we know that if we seek to be even greater we must do greater things. be more compassionate, be more accepting, be more ocean open to those who dress differently

or eat different foods or speak different languages. our identities as canadians and americans are enriched by these differences. not threatened by then. on our own we make progress. but together our two countries make history. duty-bound, loyal and forever linked, whatever the future holds we will face it together. neighbors, partners , allies an friends. this is our experience and our example to the world.barack, thank you for all you have done these past seven years to preserve the most important relationship. made a special connection between our two countries continue to flourish in the years to come and make my gray hair come in ata much slower rate than yours has . and with that, on the half of

36 million americans, i propose a toast to the president, to the first lady, to the people of the united states of america. cheers. [applause] this weekend on tv, live all day coverage of the tucson festival of books on the university of arizona.he believed begins saturday at noon eastern and sunday at 1 pm eastern. featured authors on saturday include historian douglas brinkley on fdr. author and activist jonathan proposal on education. author and attorney linda hirschman on the supreme court. based featured authors include margaret ragan onimmigration . linda althoff and felipe fernandez ernesto on race in america and politics panel of

ari berman on voting rights and tomorrow on independent voters. throughout our live coverage of the tucson festival of books many authors will join us to take your phone calls and comments. on sunday night at night eastern, it's afterwards with michael eric dyson author of the black presidency. barack obama and the politics of race in america. mister dyson interview by april ryan white house correspondence for the american network once you get elected you want to get reelected. it's one thing to be elected the first black president but to get reelected as the first black president maybe even more remarkable. maybe even more difficult and he had to overcome certain barriers because when he ran the first time he had no record. much in terms ofnational politics , he was a senator for a little while but he was a tabula rasa. he was a clean slate on which people could inspire their, dreams, fantasies and project onto his thin body their ideals

but now when you got a first term you done stuff that people either like or don't like. they are against you or for you. they're supporting you or critical of you. go to book td.work for the complete schedule. >> now more of prime minister trudeau's visit to the us with the town hall earlier today at american university in washington dc. hearing from students, the prime minister answered questions on trade, climate change, energy policy and terrorism. this is 45 minutes. >> . [applause] well, thank you for coming out today. i have to admit that this is

something that really matters to me. as much as i could over the past years i get out to universities, two high schools, colleges and do what i'm about to do here.i'm very aware that this is a place where there's a great tradition of politicians coming forward and giving important speeches, jfk being an extraordinary example. except i'm going to try and turn that around a little bit and instead of focusing on what the leader has to say to all of you i'm very much interested in hearing from all of you and what you have to say to me. because ultimately, the work that i'm doing right now, the work that president obama and i did yesterday wasn't so much focused on the coming month as much as the coming decade.we are focused on your future. and in order to stay focused on your future in the right way

because that's the only way of building the kind of prosperity we need in our country, the kind of future we need to have for coming generations when we look at the big issues, climate change, whether it's opportunity for everyone, whether it's international engagement, development and security issues is to keep in mind the people we are doing it for. and who's going to be the ultimate beneficiaries of the decisions we make, good or negative we are an incredibly short term world when it comes to so many different aspects of our lives, whether it's not being satisfied with the pizza in 30 minutes, we now need it in 30 seconds out of the microwave. when we look as citizens and electors at the political process, there's a real instinct to say what have you done for me lately and what are you going to do for me right now?and the idea of moving

through the next decade, building for the next generation seems implausible. when you look at so much of what politics is all about and it's not because people don't want their leaders to be focused on that. it's because largely there's a degree of cynicism about the capacity of the political system itself to effectively deal with 10 years out, 20 years out. there's a tendency to throw up our hands and say we can't do much about it so let's focus on what's going to help me right now in the immediate and we will hope that eventually things worked out. unfortunately that doesn't quite work anymore. the pressures we are facing our global, broad, deep and we actually need to start thinking responsibly and realistically about the impacts that our actions today in the months and

years will have years from now, 10 years from now, 20 years from now long after the current crop of people in power are actually making decisions. and for me, one of the best ways to make sure that thinking is folded into the political process and the process of governance is regular contact with and empowerment of young folks like all of you. it's not just about, and i talk about this all the time, the need to mobilize all people who are disenchanted with politics to get out and vote. it's more about recognizing

and that means getting involved. it also means understanding that your voices are essential part of the mix that challenge us to think about your future instead of just our short-term future or one that could be seen as

a linear extension of the short-term. for as we know, you will need links much every think an awful lot of things in the coming years. climate change will be a great example go a long way toward selling -- setting the groundwork for understanding that most people have certainly -- that you can not anymore make a choice the kind of future we need will have clean jobs and efficiency. energy sources. no longer makes sense.

a strong and sustainable economy by cherishing ecosystem services. so making strong commitments protecting the arctic particularly following the success of the paris agreement. you talk about the impact it will actually have. we need to do this.this. we need to be part of it. innovators and entrepreneurs. for all the climate change is very real challenge rethink how we function and

to innovate. there are many other big issues we need to deal with. the issue of diversity which is something in a great score like american university in the center for international service, expecting to see a broad range of paces. the reality is we walked down the street in our two great countries and you see a tremendous diversity of perspectives. and we know that globalization, migration, refugee crisis, the challenges that the world is facing will mean a greater flow of people across borders, living here, settling there, working here, working there.

the able the drawn different perspectives. desire to succeed, willingness to work together. passion is to be something that we embrace excited to see the extraordinary mix and american university but no that this is something that this generation gets to a greater degree than previous generations. it is a place we can lean on. more than that, how we continue to engage in big issues around growing our economy, making sure we are creating opportunities for

people to succeed, to follow their own potential, to contribute in ways that are different than used to be in the model of success, depending on how good grades you got in school, did a good job start in the mail them to work your way up to vice president, go watch at the end of your career, make it to the president of company if you marry the bosses daughter, but that's always looking at things. the career path will jump around. a nightclub bouncer conduct the prime minister of canada. but the experiences that we accumulate along the way in multiple career paths and multiple engagements that

define us and shapeless are extremely important and varied which is one of the exciting things for me. but this generation, about how we are engaging with the world. so people have looked a lot about we, how i personally pull together a team that got elected in canada, particular circumstances and surprise to a lot of people, distant 3rd place. spending a lot of time listening to people,people, talking. if you take away all the citizens, just design and invent the kind of society, the kind of world you would like to live in, it can happen. if you could imagine the kind of country would want

to live in what would it look like? when we built the platform and an approach to politics that reflected what people really express that they wanted to see in politics much collaborative, respectful, mindful of each other trying on a positive instincts rather than our fears and divisions which are always effective in politics makes it harder to govern in the long-term. and we presented that. yeah. sometimes. we will try something different. we didn't succeeded. and that leads us to a certainly way now to continue to try to govern in a way that takes real decisions and sometimes are unpopular that engage with a longer-term vision of how a free, open, just society

must be and continue to constantly challenge ourselves to do things better and differently and to improve the way things have been done in the question orthodoxy and i could not have done it if it had not been for the voices in the challenges from runs like this one right across canada and to a certain extent around the world. i thank you for all your questions and look forward to engaging with you. thank you very much. [applause] >> we do have mike's on the right and left. i'm going to try to keep my answer short. i very much appreciate. the more we can get through the better we will be.

i think that is pretty much it. start right here. >> first of all, thank you very much for doing this. my name is lucas olson. an undergraduate. and i've always found it interesting. i know you have been talking about this issue. what have you learned from the experience of indigenous people in the us? >> i mean,, i don't know that i have an awful lot to

teach anyone on how to engage in power and respect. have made attempts over the past years. they always fall short. for a country that prides itself on its reasonableness his defense of human rights, lives positive role modeling , we have not done a very good job. the 1st people have never been up to canada in february. the 1st settlers would not have survived without friendship and guidance and support. an extraordinary place. we have an awful lot of work to do to renew that relationship.

an understanding that we share this land, and knowing as well and as we are grappling as a 21st century society with a respect for the natural world and integration of economy and environment so we could do worse than draw on the cultural teachings historical knowledge that the indigenous communities have about how to create a balance. so we have an awful lot of work to do. i'm serious and quite frankly as attorney general of canada, extraordinary brilliance when stefan that. and as we look to the high arctic and the importance of the arctic climate change it was important to me as well

and indeed our coast guard. my arctic. [applause] >> such a pleasure. i am here to ask you how do you envision. i think it is very great. so climate change is going to have to be included in the re- envisioning of north america. administration tackles that issue. >> i've already had some wonderful conversations about climate change.

there is no question that the con together working on addressing environment concerns, figuring out how to get things right here will make significant dent not just onin global emissions but on the narratives of the engage in public and develop the kinds of solutions the quite frankly developing countries around the world, india, china, caribbean, pacific island states comeau we make tremendous impact. we have to. when i 2 degrees.

done away with, coordinating, collaborating looking at the integration of the manufacturing supply chains in a positive way. i think there's tremendous work to be done. bringing together all to canada this summer for north american leader summit so we can engage. >> thank you. >> you're welcome. [applause] >> thank you, mr. prime minister. >> i have more seats in my cabinet.

>> my question is from yesterday's talk with president obama, there were questions. he is being criticized for the rise of the conservative hard-liners, especially donald trump. his policies that have -- so what are your plans for the right wing are conservative? >> we had an election in the fall that featured a number of different narratives that are repeating themselves around the world. certainly in europe and the challenges they are facing with migrants.

herehere in the states to a certain extent during your primary season. we had a conservative government that was talking about fear and division is a way, talking about next line's preferred cultural practices. they could never quite explain why 911 was not an effective line when using this treatment. there was also division monotone was very compelling and gained a certain amount traction, but i found that canadians in any case find it hard to sustain anger and

fear for very long. we are an optimistic, hopeful people. we know and generally like our neighbors. meant that within canada. and having an approach really emphasizes whenever you grab any disparate group people together to realize that the things that unite us are far greater than the things that divide us and that ultimately is what democracies keep moving steadily toward. i have confidence in the american electorate, however you elect. >> hi. a student at the school communication. i question is a little tinge of humor.

asas was just asked comeau we have a presidential candidate right now he says he would build a border wall with mexico and make them pay for we have a lot of americans who earnestly say i would leave and go to canada if we elected trump as president. my question to you is, how would you deal with an influx of americans? would you open your gates to american immigrants? >> every election season there are people who swear that the candidate they don't like it selected it will moving to canada. if over the past decade that has been the case have more people in canada than the us right now instead of being one 10th the size. it becomes an easy thing to cry out.

every year there canadians andwho moved to the united states, americans who love to canada. that is the nature of our friendship and relationship. to link it to muster politics is humorous and atrophic comes up through election season. but the reality is the integration of our countries , the work we do together, the engagement on so many different issues is there will always be flows back and forth. one must never fret be disappointed with that the same time. >> thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you for being here. your inspiration for many young people like me. i have been actually following canada's economy for personal reasons i'm

interested in. i have two questions for you. struggling, particularly in many people are frustrated. first question, what is your plan to improve the situation? second question, i have two friends who are a big fan. can i have photograph for them? by the way, i am happy to advise you. >> thank you very much. you can stand by the door i leave. the energy sector obviously the drop in oil prices hit energy producing countries very hard. canada is no exception. one of the challenges is to make sure probably diversifying.

our greatest strength is the human resources that we apply. innovation, the science research that we are doing to make sure you are always doing better with that. at the same time it gives us an opportunity to rethink certain sectors and to ensure that when oil prices start to rise again we have taken advantage of the slow to make sure we have innovated in terms of efficiency, environmental responsibility, how we are engaging in cutting-edge, thoughtful ways to get through the years where we will still be dependent on fossil fuels and make sure we end up as quickly as possible into a world where renewable energy actually drives our economy. canada needs to be part of it and our oil sector

companies are investing massively in solar and wind, geothermal and a broad range of solutions which is what we have to do. a lot of families are there. able to support them through this tough time in ways that will continue to contribute to the economy in the coming years. >> my name is bill. my question is my canada recently went through the coalition. however your country is deployed combat advisors and theit take on a greater role in the humanitarian crisis. the shift in the strategy. >> that is a great question.

there are 55 different countries right now and they all have different approaches and areas of expertise and ways of engaging. canada had 6 c f-18 fighter jets involved in the campaign. when we took office we came to office with a pledge to end the combat the direct combat portion and to look at a whole of government approach that would demonstrate that candidate is very much a strong and engaged partner in the war in the fight against isi l but doing so in a way that suits our best capability. there are lots of countries out they're that do very good with airstrikes and having the gulf states participating is a strong

piece of legitimacy for those airstrikes becomes from the experiences libya making sure it is not just western forces trying to fix things difficult areas is quite important. so what we shifted to with something that canada has extraordinary expertise and, burned through ten years in afghanistan. we did enough a lot of work. and now we will be doing that. we are also engaged in more intelligence work. more directly to support the neighboring countries and to a certain extent turkey, receiving influxes of migrants fleeing for their lives.lives. we are engaged more in diplomatic levels, more humanitarian stuff reflecting more whole of

government approach as a chance for greater success or military engagement is a part of it but is not the sum total of it and it also reflects that this is an evolving situation in the coming years different need to come forward. right now making sure that local troops have the capacity to be most effective in taking back their homes motherland, their communities is a very useful way for canada to help both in the immediate but also as we look toward creating a medium and longer-term stability in a very troubled region. >> thank you. >> my name is olivia. a tense time, little bit of

a cynical time. wow, they are feminists command. and we look around us and think, god, what is happening. i wanted to ask about your approach to compassion at an individual level, political level command government level in regards to diversity. you are seeing a spike in a crimes, especially in the last few months. we can agree that rhetoric is a huge part of that. as you welcome 25,000 syrian refugees i would love my country to do the same. what is your approach to addressing the angry people in our country and yours were fearful? >> well, i think a big part of it is understanding that it is easy to stoke anger or

feel angry if you are worried about the next paycheck, being able to pay your rent will worry that your kids are not going to have the kind of future that you would want for them, and always it is easier to point blame and say it's this person swallow that groups won't. everyone on your street is doing better than you will do better. but we get into this closed in protection a stick close

minded approach when things get difficult i think one of the responsibilities of leadership is to drop people out of that. page three strong enough and -based enough people's everyday lives. there is a proposal by one of our problems is a few years ago. they do so without having

religious symbols. a big cross of star of david a christian cross for more specifically a turban or job. because the state is secular we won't have religious symbols at the kiosk you go for parking tickets. that was an idea that was couched in equality. freeing people from the oppressive yoke of religion. they no longer have that dominance. that's a fairly reasonable thing.

until people suddenly realized what that minute reality was a young woman who chose to where a job can be fired from her job working that's not what we minute all. does beyond the knee-jerk reactions. one of the key elements of that the governing conservatives put forward a proposal to strip and actually enacted before the election to remove the citizenship from canadian

citizens convicted of terrorism. quite frankly they saw was a great idea. and they are therefore forfeiting the right to be citizens. someone convicted of terrorism dual citizenship you have a different consequence under law than a canadian homegrown terrorist who has canadian citizenship and therefore can't have the citizenship of all. you devalue the citizenship of everyone but making it conditional on good behavior.

so i found myself in the situation on stage against the former prime minister arguing that yes man who he had just trip the citizenship of her being convicted of a terrorist act should have his canadian citizenship restored even though he had literally, figuratively but perhaps literally ripped up his canadian passport. and i stand here is prime minister of canada. people are reasonable. they need to understand the rights and freedoms they keep us free and democratic are not always easy or knee-jerk adapted to how we

would like the world to be. they are essential in terms of being a country we are. whether it's on issues of rights like feminism, women's right to choose a respect for diversity committees are, these are things that are always easy to have conversations about that on the people have a big job convincing your parents in the previous generations as much is everything else. every step of the way. i have tremendous hope as long as we can keep conversations about her future based on reasonable,

respectful discussions. and ultimately that is rodrigo every time. >> thank you so much. >> absolutely. i girls education did a big thing, they certainly are great examples of the strong feminist forward. women standing up women's rights but ii need more men to do that, too. [applause] may need to be comfortable.

that's about fighting for rights and fighting for equality for the basic respect that we are all owed it is 2016. >> we have time for one last question. >> how is it going. kind of a tough act to follow. i just wanted to -- nasa astronauts scott kelly just came back to earth after studying the photography for the. canada has a very long tradition of cooperation, the least of which being the kandahar. and chris hatfield stunned audiences worldwide command performance comeau what do you see in terms of the

policy vessel, the value of space exploration. >> the slipping in the final frontier. the fact is, science in general is essential. how we innovate kamal we figure things out, understand the universe command acommended again to the fundamentals of pure science, lingo plan, develop the kinds of solutions, commercialization's communications that will make our lives better in the short term and surprises in the long-term with changes we did not see coming, these are things that really matter. this long history of cooperation. a physics professor of mine had worked on a couple no space programs.

we are really good at building redundancies and two things that get sent out because of the winter. it really has to be built solidly. there's an expectation that winter is coming. nevermind. coming. nevermind. i did not make a game of thrones reference. how we engage in pushing the limits of human knowledge challenging ourselves to understanding our responsibilities as the only place we know as sentient life in the universe comeau we have got to make this work. what we have is a ball of entropy right here. how we bring more to the world, to the chaos that is the universe, ii think we

have a responsibility to keep engaging. i personally been inspired by a number of extraordinary astronauts. minister of transport is canada's 1st astronaut. who better to keep the trains running on time that aa man who circle the earth faster than anyone else. this idea of respect for science and engagement, space is an extraordinary example of collaboration between the countries around the world to ensure they go up regularly. there is an engagement that reminds us that all of us down here ultimately extremely interlinked. i want to thank you all for the questions.

thank you for your interest and engagement. thank you very much. [applause] >> so grateful to the prime minister being here. i just asked people to stay seated until the delegation has departed. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> former 1st lady nancy

reagan was laid to rest today at the ronald reagan presidential library. there funeral service was attended by family, former reagan administration officials, journalists and celebrities. also paying there respects was former president george w. bush for first lady michelle obama and former first lady's1st lady laura bush command we clinton command rosalyn carter. watch tonight at 8:00 o'clock eastern. >> american history tv this weekend saturday at 6:00 p.m. eastern historian edward ayres was at the end of the civil war in the dawn of the reconstruction. >> the 1st convergence of the roads that will become reconstruction in the summer of 1864. that's a strangely specific date i realize.

at the beginning of the summer of 1864 no president of the united states had won a 2nd term. >> the congressional gold medal ceremony to recognize the contribution of the soldiers. >> over 50 years ago a preacher and educator as pres.president of the dallas county voters league invited reverend martin luther king reverend ralph method and the members of the southern christian leadership conference to help lead the voting rights protest.

the 1965 voting rights movement. >> sunday morning at ten in the 1988 presidential campaign of new york republican congressman as he answered questions from the editorial board. >> while i have conservative values and then conservative on fiscal policy and defense policy i am progressive with regard to my belief in the republican party being a lincoln party of black and white, white color and of all people; progressive conservative in order to differentiate myself from the idea that i am appear standing in defending the status quo place for the 50th anniversary of a gemini space mission we show the film gemini eight. >> expert said down and analyze. they know it is a three-day mission primary purposes

include undergoing space and a two hour spacewalk. >> for the complete american history tv weekend schedule go to c-span.org. >> state-level officials responsible for environmental protection and air water quality recently on capitol hill to testify about federal regulations. some claim federal intervention was disruptive.

[inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] is. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> the meeting will come to order. i am happy to have the five witnesses that are here today. we always like to hear from the states. i would like to have any of our members who want to introduce those from the state. >> yes, thank you. i like to welcome randy huffman, cabinet secretary and has been for many years. randy has served for three years as a deputy but has worked in all variety of areas including abandon my lens program, graduate of west virginia check. they see him around town all the time. welcome and thank you for your testimony in service. >> thank you mr. chairman. i would like to thank all of our witnesses for coming here today to testify in

front of this committee. i would particularly like to welcome our committee secretary of the south dakota department of environment and natural resources or dirt and water. served as the dnr secretary for three south dakota governor's but has also been in various positions since 1979. more than three decades of experience with epa regulations and is truly an expert in the field. an impressive breadth of experience in every type of environmental regulation command extensive experience in rules. these an agency with approximately 180 full-time employees. responsible for administering nearly all of the federal environmental laws such as clean water, air and safe drinking water.

also for administering state and environmental laws. secretary knows all too well that a small state agency with limited budgets that they face when attempting to administer the increasing multitude of regulations, every day he is confronted with the challenge of managing his agency's resources in a way that will allow them to fulfill there state and federal duties as the environmental regulatory agency and it should be noted that over 30 percent of the operating budget relies on federal funds. his euros to make sure they enjoy the cleanest air water possible. i can tell you during the time i worked as governor steve secretary of this department. because of the wealth of knowledge and interest in seeing things get done and get done correctly.

thank you. >> it is nice to have you here. >> before introduce, i want to say welcome. it's great to have you guys. you have the name that will be most pronounced of any. just to make it easy, easy recall o'malley. zarqawi. when i was governor, aa servant for the people for close to 30 years. used to work for the guy sitting right behind me. secretary of the department of resources.

the department of natural resources and environmental control. thirty years of experience. bs in engineering environmental management from johns hopkins university. i had ai had a breakfast this morning. i told him to do that. welcome you along with the rest of the witnesses.

we will hear. i would like to have you try to comply. today's hearing is critical to our understanding of the success and lack thereof of the environmental groups across the country and an appreciation of our unique system of federalism congress in particular this committee must check in with states to ensure this is fully functioning when it comes to actions initiated by the united states environmental protection agency, epa. ..