>> that's where it gets down to the nitty-gritty. we have look at that situation several times in the past, have not felt we have reached regional terms but we are totally open to considering that on a case-by-case basis and will be glad to do that with other products that are brought forward for our consideration. we get it that this is a serious issue. >> let's have further conversations. i have gone over my time. spent next operating on the order of arrival, mr. harris you are recognized. >> thank you. thank you very much. good to see all of you again. it was a great visit just last month to see what's going on. meeting with doctor rosenberg and the patients just reminded me of why i went into medicine. what am i doing in politics? anyway, let me ask a couple questions. first of all with regards to the strategic plan, you know, dr. collins you mention one of the 10 things under predictions

is an hiv vaccine. part of what's address into strategic plan is that nonstatutory set aside for research. when you look at the investment by objective, vaccines or a vaccine accounts for less than 400 million out of a total of what i assume is no almost 3 billion. so my question is specific with the additional $2 billion was appropriated last year, how much of that went into the vaccine development? since there really is, you address the cost if you can bring that down can bring that down to zero but it would to bring that is your relatives you have to develop a vaccine. you are overspending about 15% of the budget in the vaccine on hiv. so the additional money to how much we could vaccines, how much went to non-vaccine hiv programs? >> i appreciate the question and

we talked about this issue and it's been very helpful to have your perspective and that of other members. i'm glad you mentioned the strategic plan. i hope people have seen, there's a copy at your place. something of congress asked us for a we put forward in the way we thought could be very helpful in terms of defining how we set priorities to please have a look if you look at it. with regard to hiv/aids what we've decided is that it is time to statue instead to focus on the most important priorities to in this epidemic. the vaccine is right at the top of that list that there are other things on the list as well. as a result of look at our entire hiv/aids portfolio this year and we've identified project which are going to come back for competing renewal which we no longer think fit into those highest priorities. as a result of dollars that would've gone to renew and those programs is becoming open for competition for things that are high priority. vaccine is very much on that list. we will in the course of public the next couple of weeks

announce how we are moving $66 million out of areas which are good sites but they don't seem to be high priority for hiv/aids into the areas that are. and a substantial fraction is going to go to vaccine preparation. >> i would urge you do that. there's a line, $100 billion figure for basic behavioral and social science research. i need honest i would rather see the dollars go to accelerating the development of an hiv vaccine to i just returned from kenya around lake victoria. look, the solution will have to vaccine people in the end. i'm becoming convinced you have a treat the penetration of only 50%. until we can vaccinate as with other infectious disease we're really not going to cure it. dr. volkow let me ask you a question. you mentioned marijuana. there is, samhsa surveys, a survey by state and you can find

charts that look at the increase use of marijuana. and it's interesting to look at what happened in colorado between the 2002-2003 survey for 18 to 25-year-olds come at the 2013-2014 survey for marijuana use in the past month for 18 to 25 years old. past month is not just use it once. i've used it recently. it went from 21% to 31%. 18-25 by my understand of the potential adverse effect of marijuana on for a function and develop it is probably the worst interval. maybe not. even-numbered years would be bad at 18 to 25 is that interval to a national youth and age group went from 17% to 19%. so pretty clearly, what happened in colorado is you legalize the drug. there's a lot of misinformation about what happens when you

legalize the drug but honestly it change from 21% to 31% use and highly the local population is of concern to be. is it of concern to you? >> how could it not be? i think speed is doctor, i will play the advocates for legalization say we shouldn't be concerned about the just. i'm interested in what you opinion is. >> indeed we are very concerned that we are particularly concerned by the very high rates of use of marijuana not just the 18 to 25 but on teenagers also to 18 years of age. called a house highest rate in the whole country of use of marijuana in that age bracket. we are particularly concerned because marijuana is a have annoyed -- the connection between neurons, how to talk to one another and the process of connections is happening from the moment you were born, before you'ryou were born until you'ren your mid '20s. so can have annoyed -- when you

are smoking marijuana you are interfering with these very orchestra process which ensures our bring those into the most complex organ. so yes, indeed, we are very concerned specifically because of the potential developmental adverse effects of exposure may have been young people. >> thank you very much. i yield back. >> that chair is struggling to enforce the clock even on himself, which i think shows how much interest there is to get some to ask members to trot into the best they can in that regard to what the public go to my good friend the gentleman from pennsylvania for whatever questions he cares to post. >> well, i resemble that remark, mr. chairman. i see you sitting there right before you came to me. let me thank dr. collins and our guests. i offered some language on

neuroscience that nih along with the national science foundation co-chair. simultaneous to this year in the national science foundation and other side of the capitol given a hearing. and these two things are inextricably intertwined that is the science and work that nih together is how they're going to make disruptive progress i'm convinced they would also now have in my other bill ultimately including nih working group on imaging your i know nih is at the very, engaged in this. what i'm interested in now and to see the numbers for this year's budget, dr. collins committed to talk to the committee for a minute about what the 12 year cost is on the brink initiative so that we can see it in its totality. i have spent some time with doctor newsome and some of his people. i think it would be helpful. this is i do we see the administrations initiative to

intrude it is a partnership between the congress and the administration and i think that we need to make sure that we have a good understanding of how the runway is out in front of us in terms of what we want to achieve. >> i appreciate that question because this is an area of great excitement, how do we figure out those circuits i in the brain do with the deepest that's a picture of a recent diffusion mri showing you those which all the wiring works in a normal bring. that's taken on a perfectly healthy individual who is quite a bit at the time this was done. new technologies that we didn't have the ability to do until fairly recently. the brink initiative was, in fact, conceived of -- the brink initiative -- result of a lot of technology developed in order to be able to do these development of real-time in the human brain within moved into applications in the second, fighters big overall budget for this was to wrap up beginning in the first

year fy '14 at $46 million then wrap it up to something like $400 million a year which we hope to get to in the next year or two but the overall budget over 12 years going from fy '14 to fy '20 five is $4.5 billion in the proposal that was put together. this was an effort that was led by rockefeller and stanford, and an amazing drinking of neuroscientists who put together this plan over more than a year and have. that blueprint is out there and very much with study and, of course, will be revisited as technology develops. i but they were ahead of schedule. >> thank you, doctor. let me say that the chairman and our ranking member and members of the committee we are very pleased that there was a $2 billion increase laughter that kind of the chairman made some comments about the administrations proposal and will do all of that.

average with in the chairman to do that that's not acceptable. i want to put this in some context for a good part of the years we've been in afghanistan. we been spending about $2 billion a week on average. so just as a country we think about all of the lives that are affected by diseases and disorders that you are seeking to cure. you know, if you plan to increase the that it's a very significant and it was -- in perspective this is a nation that can do more in terms of research in science and medicine that will make a difference for tens of millions of americans to it's just a matter of political will to obligate make sure we are clear that the 4 billion is where we have to get to to do the work that we want to do. and if you could, i conclude with my last comment which is zika virus, if anything more we need to help you do in that regard? thank you, mr. chairman.

i yield back. on time. >> dr. fauci? >> thank you very much for that question. there is something that congress can do. the president asked for a $1.8 billion supplement to enable us can understand the nih, cdc, fda and others, variety of other agencies, but we really do need that money because right now i've already started a major program in zika be searched, particularly with the develop of a zika vaccine their undoing that with no new funds. that's not going to last very long because in order to prepare for the next phase of studies, the efficacy studies of the vaccine we plan to go into the phase one trials, by the end of the summer, early fall. we could not take it beyond that if we do not have the money. we really do need it both us and the cdc.

>> now come to the gentlelady from alabama for any questions she cares to post. >> thank you, mr. chairman. dr. collins come as a mother of two young children, i'm very interested in the health of the information of this is what it's come to my attention that nih has been decimated 1.5 billion on national children's study since 2000. this effort was halted in 2014 based on your recommendation. nih conducted a shutdown of the children studied in fy '15 and fy '16. last year the omnibus provided 165 million for the children studied full of long. the fy '17 budget justification should mention nih would use these funds on a new program, the environmental influences on child health outcomes, ago i believe this which are calling it.

which is designed to study a wide range of pediatric conditions. the budget justification states it's decided advantage of existing resources left over from the now defunct children's study. so what i want to know is can you begin by describing first the results that we came from the 1.5 billion that we spent on the entirety of the children's study? if you'll start there and then i have some follow-up questions. >> i appreciate you raising the issue because this has been an area of intense interest myself and my colleagues. national children's study originally authorized by the congress 15 years ago over the course of time developed a number of features about its design that begin to look as if they have not kept up with a technology development and other opportunities. it was painful to look at this a couple of years ago and conclude we needed a different approach if we did want to continue to

expand a program that clearly have deficiencies. it was not going to be as successful as we once hoped. that was the reason with much advice from experts and we decided it was time to close down the national children's study and come up with another strategy. the are many samples and data available from the individual who were enrolled in the national children's study, although it's a modest number, it was a pilot program of those are available to researchers. i think at this point we very much turn our attention to how can we achieve the same goals of understand what are the environmental influences on children's health, and how can we get to those? the answer now in 2016 ways we could imagine 15 years ago. >> explained how the 1.5 billion in investment will carry over into a co. specifically, what can we take from all of the investment and know that now with this additional money the weather 65 million that is requested for

fy '17, how can we know that the 1.5 billion is not time and money wasted? >> it's not time an and money wasted in this is are these pilot efforts that have research samples available that people can study which will help us guide whatever decision we want to make with the new program transit in terms of what kind of exposures will be most important. if i can, echo is focused in fact on four areas which seem to be particularly compelling based on what we learned through the study of the national children's study, namely uppe and lower airway, asthma, obesity, postnatal outcomes in your development including autism. that's where we want to go. but into what i think will be more efficient, result in more meaningful data, get there quicker and involved many more data access opportunities for researchers about the country have good ideas about how to learn from how they can do a better job of keeping our children healthy.

>> and the report that was required in the language in the omnibus said that you should submit a spending plan on the next phase of the study no later than 90 days the enactment of this act. where are we on that can you give us some highlights? >> i'd be glad to. we are planning to submit the report a few days late because we are right now at a very formative place for echo to what we're doing with echo is to invite those who have been running cohorts of children with have already collected for amount of data to join this effort and will make it possible for them to have additional laboratory measures added to what they were already doing. and create a whole that is greater than the sum of the parts with perhaps 80,000 individuals, children on his follow-up information we can add further data. that is going to be i think something real to about families and the applications are due on

april 15 for the cohorts to come and save want to be part of the. we hear a lot of noise about that. in the process of recruiting a director for this effort and have a very exciting candidate lined up to two of the a lot to report about how we're spending this money. we are grateful for your confidencconference that this ws something you wanted to continue and provide the resources for. i think although we've gone through a difficult transition, what we are on the path to do is going to be much less successful than i would've thought possible five years ago. >> thank you. i yield back. >> the gentlelady from california, ms. roybal-allard. >> i'd like to follow up on the question of regards to echo to i think you said you are putting together a 10 year plan. and that will include i assume they milestone in funding estimates in that plan. and windy you expect the recommended advisory panel of

outside experts to be established? >> those are highly appropriate questions. at the moment the plan is for a seven-year effort. .. the advisory committee is being put together and it will be formed as a working group about council of councils. that's important because this program involves multiple institutes you might guess particularly the environmental health sciences and the dude and others as well and we therefore need to have this position in the place that we have advice from expertise in different disciplines where the council of councils comes in and that's where we will position the council. >> the justification mentioned

six research activities which the funds were directed in fy 15. are these the existing cohorts that will be used going forward or are you still identifying them to include in the initiative but also one more question because of time, will the cohorts involve measures that are specifically designed for the study to know the national samples such as the national health and nutrition examination survey? >> we decided this was best to handle the competition so we put out a funding opportunity announcement of waiting as i said for april 15 to come to see who comes in comes into applying and we expect many will be interested in taking part because it gets the chance to become more meaningful. we will want to see that happen and take full advantage of the national study that has much

data about environmental exposures and other measures of health and nutrition to do comparisons with what we see. it's wonderful that we have that kind of study to do this with. there is one other aspect that deserves mentioning and that is an effort to step up to the states that do not have a research intensive university setting. a pediatric network there's so many things we could be doing in clinical research in the states but we are not currently set up to do so so this is a proposal to build upon the expertise that is happening in those ideas and other programs to create a pediatric research network and enhance ability to understand the influences that we don't know about yet. >> one final question in this area. the congressional also states that the mcs will be established

in fy 17 and this could drive the future direction significantly. when will that assessment begins and who will be involved in doing it? think we both held on the advisory group that's putting it together and we will have them now funded and assembled together for a coordinating center to be sure all of this is working in the most effective and comprehensive way. so it will be the point that we will have an assessment to see if it is working and produce the data that we believe it should. >> we will next go to the gentleman from tennessee. >> thank you mr. chairman. may i say to the chairman and the ranking member it's a privilege to be on the committee when we see what the nih and the related agencies are doing doing it's tremendously see the cooperation and efforts made in the critical subcommittee.

i'm privileged to be part of it. thank you and your distinguished panel again. your efforts that face us on the health fund are difficult and again i thank you for your success and continued efforts. i have a three-part question ipo readthrough in the interest of time. i would've liked to take a moment to address the precision medicine initiative. my first question is regarding the direct volunteer portion of the research cohort. as you know vanderbilt university is playing a leading role in the direct volunteer portion of the research cohort. can you elaborate on how that will inform the initiative going forward? the second part of my question is regarding the approach nih is using for recruiting people.

while i'm pleased to see nih adopting novel practices including social media to attract the volunteers i would like for you to address some concerns that have been presented by the scientific community specifically can you address the nih plans to interpret and understand the inherent bias the approach presents given that many people do not use the social media at all. finally, as nih working with nchs or other federal partners that fund or conduct large surveys to understand the million person cohort. >> that's a great trio of questions and let me answer quickly because i know we are in a time constraint. the initiative is getting launched this year. many of us are working 24/7 and are excited about the potential. the goal is to enroll an million americans as full participants

in the study that will collect information including electronic health records of the genome sequences, environmental exposures of their own reports of medical experiences and allow us with a very large-scale longitudinal study understand the factors involved in health and disease. we never had anything like this before as anybody is pretty excited about the kind of influences he can learn from this. you are right vanderbilt is out of the out-of-the-box a major part of the first launch because they received an award in partnership with google to set up the effort to do a pilot effort to direct volunteers. i say pilot intentionally because we need to learn how to do this. your concerns about a social media being a biased way of involving people have certainly been apparent to us and we don't want to depend solely on that. but at the same time as a partner like google and

vanderbilt working together, we should be able to learn more about what is it to the volunteers are interested in and what makes it appealing to them to join this effort. what things are they turned off by hand we want to make that clear before we launch. admittedly, we have two different ways people can come into this. one is a direct volunteer route open to americans starting this summer but also, we are asking the health provider organizations that are already running the cohorts to come in as the partners because they already have lots of access to patients and that will be a very substantial part that will depend on any social media concerns. all of these individuals need to be asked their permission and then they will become participants in this historical undertaking. we are also reaching out to the traditionally underrepresented groups by working through community health centers to try to be sure that those individuals also have the chance to take part. certainly we are also interested in working with the nchs as we

get into this to be sure the data that we collect is going to be generalized through the population. we don't want a set of individuals that are so different than the population at large that we can't do that generalizing and that will be important thing to talk about with those experts which we've already been doing. you can tell i'm pretty excited about this. this is something many of us dreamed about for more than a decade and we appreciate the support of getting you started this year and the appreciation for the consideration of expanding it even further next year as we launch this thing. >> it looks like my time is expired and i will yield back. >> next to my good friend from pennsylvania. >> thank you and good morning to the panel. thanks for having us up a few weeks ago. we enjoyed the opportunity. doctor collins, i've been very involved in working on obviously

the fight against cancer including encouraging screening for colorectal cancer. you will see a lot of those folks on the hill today. the nih cancer institute is pursuing a new cancer research diagnose and treat. what are some promising areas of cancer research in and service we can talk about that? >> i'm going to turn to my colleagues acting colleague's acting director to answer the question. >> thank you very much. as you probably aren't aware, are aware, march is colorectal cancer awareness month. part of the initiative involves screening, which you would also involved in to try to use molecular analysis and fluids for making this more realistic so we can have a higher uptake of cancer screenings. one of the big problems with the

colorado cancer screening is many people don't follow the screening guidelines and it's really important to try to implement. it's important to know what works while we are doing research to develop their chest and more specific tests. i can report that the incidence of cholera golf cancer is going down as a result of the screening that we have today. >> thank you for that answer and also to move to the super bock's what is the information when they nih is working on treating and curing these bacteria and what advancements have been made and to you have any results you can share? >> thank you for the question. the nih is part of the multi-agency approach towards the addressing of the problem of antimicrobial resistance which

comes right from the top actually from the white white house which as you know have an executive order and combating resistance bacterial initiative of which the nih is a major part. the cbc is involved in surveillance and detection and providing the guidelines for the use of antibiotics. the nih component is the research component and in that regard, we are responsible for determining at the molecular level the basis of the emergence of resistance number one. number two, to do early screening for new types of antibiotics for example there's been recently antibiotic that is a soil antibiotic that will open up the door to a whole new class of antibiotics that do not have any resistance to the grand positive microorganisms particularly resistant staph. in addition, we have a clinical

network that get tacked on to the clinical networks we built years ago for hiv aids to test promising compounds and finally, the most important issue about all of this is diagnosis. to circumvent the concept or the issue of the antimicrobial resistance you have to make the diagnosis on the spot and we've been working on very sensitive point of care diagnoses not only to determine if you have a viral infection versus a bacterial infection because those are the other biggest offenders is the prescribing of antibiotics for a disease that isn't even a bacterial disease and that is one of the things we have been working on but also in a particular point of care to be able to determine exactly what the resistance profile is. you put those together with the cbc, and it's a rather comprehensive program. in addition, we have a

20 million-dollar prize they nih is sharing. a 10 million of that with the biomedical research development authority at the department level to develop a sensitive diagnostic to be able to do that i just described. >> finally, i just want to mention in my remaining time, the funding mandatory spending has been raised and we are all concerned, and i am concerned there is a decrease in discretionary funding and an increase in mandatory funding which is obviously going to be problematic. last year we did the increase in discretionary funding and this would create a funding threat to nih. how will they be detected if the authorizers don't act to provide mandatory funding? >> it would be devastating if we were to lose a million dollars.

[laughter] it wasn't just because i was feeling gloomy. it's because we would lose a thousand grants that would otherwise have been spent or what have been would have been supportive. we would have i think don terrible damage to the momentum that has been started here thanks to the congress. it would be a terrible step in the wrong direction only to be sequestered in terms of the harm that it might do. >> that's a very sneaky way because you knew i would like that question. >> what's next go to my good friend from idaho, mr. simpson. >> thank you all for being here today and thanks for hosting us to the nih a couple weeks ago in

the years i've been to congress congress i come back both amazed and inspired to but feel guilty having you come up here. ultimately getting out what you do and what the nih does they took a tour around and visited some patients. you talk to us about the treatment and what you are trying to accomplish. i can't remember which member it was asked a pretty simple question i would like you to respond to for the record. that is what did the government shuts down due to you because we

sit here and most people see it visibly as you didn't get into the national park or something like that. go next week. i know you've traveled a long way etc. but it's not life-threatening. what did the government shuts down for 16 days due to you and what happens if that occurs again regardless of whose fault it is. >> i've been there for 23 years and of the 16 days just about the darkest that i can recall ever going through. the laboratories were graduate students and postdoctoral fellows and scientists working. we had to tell everybody to go home. they were under threat of criminal prosecution and experiments that had been set up that needed to go for several weeks were basically ruined and had to be started over again if they got started at all. but the clinical center, the largest research hospital in the

world also very much impacted by this, we were allowed to continue for the patients that were already there that we were not allowed to admit any new patients during the 16 days. those were people that planned to come for their last chance many of them. we were the house of hope for medical research is needed because there was no answer for what afflicts them and we had to turn them away and i personally had to oversee that the only exception is people who were in imminent danger of death and we were allowed to have a few, one or two or three per day with high approval. people couldn't understand this. i hope that we never go back to the situation again. it was hard to preside over the dark period and feel good about the government. i appreciate that answer and because it is the real effects of what happens if people don't

see out there as i said, they can see the obvious, trashed it didn't get picked up on the way that they don't think about the life threatening implications of some of these decisions. so i appreciate that answer and i can ask about a lot of the other stuff you have going on but i'm not smart enough to ask it. what i would say is encourage members to look at the last page with a few bold predictions for america's future. if you think of the word that is being done as i said many times it's the best-kept secret of america and in washington and that is the good news and the bad news but somehow, we need to get the american people to understand what goes on and how much of the research is done at

universities and what is done and funded by the taxpayers so they know what they are getting in return and quite frankly, we are politicians and respond to the public demands that we invest in india's types of things and that's when it happens. i appreciate you being here today and i'm sorry that i've wasted your time. that is something that needed to be heard broadly and i appreciate you doing that. we can try to get as many people give as many people as possible an opportunity to go to but not before he gets his full five because he finished up a first order. the first order. we will move to three minutes but you can get five. >> i regret that i wasn't able to be here at the start. i was at another hearing. doctor collins and the panel,

thank you for being here. we appreciate the good work that you do. i have a little window into i guess growing old because i've been blessed by two parents are still doing well at 93 and 88 and i speak to them every week and there is a sad part of because they will generally take me through some of my childhood friends parents growing up and they will just kind of walk through. so many of them have alzheimer's and and i knew them growing up and that is just my little window into this profound challenge and we have done a good job i think generally of linking the quality of life. as it relates to alzheimer's, and i don't have all of the qualitative data that i want. we've increased the funding on a bipartisan basis which i think is a win but i wonder, and i

wrestle with this even though we are at a great fiscal stress, and that has my full attention, it seems to me that this particular area of one's once sharply increased funding like this is a major national priority for a host of reasons. some of them in all candor are economic. would you comment on that, please and also how much funding in a perfect world if you could have diminishing returns you just can't put it all to good use, but how much do you think you could absorb and leverage the dollar and get the most out of it and i want to give you time to respond. >> the national institute is the lead to answer the question.

their lives have been touched by loved ones, family members have suffered from alzheimer's disease and was a great success of the enterprise into the increasing lifespan and the protections are unless we've been able to intervene we can do more and more of this. >> in terms of the direct question about whether a given level of funding can be wisely used, it's not enough to have simply an urgent public health and narrative. we have to have confidence as a scientific opportunity behind it and one of the opportunities has actually come with the congressional request requirement to deliver a by death budget each year. last year was the first one that asks us to estimate the increased funding that would be

needed to maximally pursue and efficient spending support of research toward the goal. and we've taken this very seriously when we have proposed a budget that was released last july to the 2017 budget. they tell us what the opportunities were in priorities were and translated that into milestones that are available. this is the estimate of what we could accomplish in the level of funding as an increment we could use in fy 17. we knew when that budget was submitted that there was a possibility of course that accelerated funding could come when we were not sure. but that money allowed us to do is carry out the very thoughtful plan that it could be done with increased funding in 2017.

the. it calls us to do just what you are asking to account for what level of research could be done to accomplish. there is and i think i've got about 20 seconds left, there is i'm sensing a true recognition not to the exclusion of other diseases and other things that are afflicting us that this particular challenge is getting increased recognition as one that needs to be addressed and perhaps you can close it out. hispanics we are not limited by ideas and interventions that might be successful. we are not limited by talent all

the way from basic to clinical mark fired up about tackling this disease. so the resources are much appreciated and we have nowhere near hit the point we don't know what to do with them into the bypass budget is to see if the resources are available. it's economically over $200 billion every year. >> we will move to three minutes to have access to that data into the decision-making so i would encourage you to continue that as you know i have a particular interest in the american issues and just quickly i know you look at particular populations. not everybody is the same obviously there are gender differences and racial differences. can you give us an update on

what they are doing specifically to address native american health issues? >> we are very concerned about all populations in the u.s. and american indians are a special group both in terms of their history, their culture and their tribal sovereignty which is a major effect in participation and research that we need to be very respectful of and we aim to do that in every way. we have just thanks to the leadership to my principal deputy initiated a tribal council advisory committee bringing representations of the community to listen carefully to what they see should be prioritized to have been engaged with them. there are sensitivities for what kind of access to the information will be provided to people outside of the community.

as you know, there've been experiences in the past that the communities have gone through that causes them to be somewhat less than to be completely confident that the researchers are always working in their best interest. so we need to understand that. and in that context i think we do have a number of important programs that have been ongoing for a while. i think of the strong heart effort that's looking at heart disease for instance in the country that's been conducted by the heart, lung and blood institute and the particular project you wrote about what you're aiming to deal with high-risk pregnancies in the native american community and particularly providing resources to women who are about early in their pregnancy about how to maintain a situation that would result in a good outcome with a very impressive outcome of the particular this particular pilot project that has been implemented in many different

tribes across the u.s.. so, we are always looking for ways that we can do research that is acceptable and embraced by the community but to the special nature of those concerns in those communities. >> thanks very much for that and appreciate that in the interest of time i will move directly to my good friend the ranking member in the full committee. >> very quickly, mr. chair. first your seven years of service have left a remark and i hope you will continue your work as we really appreciate you. second even though lab rats have been great at cocktail parties. i hope that will continue because it is unacceptable. third, i appreciated the comments. i don't think the majority of people in the country understand the impact of marijuana on the

train 18 to 25 and i do hope you can be aggressive in getting this message out and i think you. lastly, my friend, the zika vaccine. we know the seriousness come and i wonder if there is any seconds left whether the zika vaccine demand they all come from mosquitoes in the same areas, if they will certainly have an effect. >> we have a vaccine that has been approved in mexico and brazil. it's not as effective as we would like it. the nih started in january in the phase three trial.

in brazil in association and the institute. we have a phase one vaccine that's safe and induces a good response and we have had trouble which i don't think we'll have more trouble in getting pharmaceutical partners to come in with us for the advanced development. i think the zika outbreak shook the cages because we have pharmaceutical partners that are interested in coming in but importantly, for zika, that is the advantage that we have and why i've told you and i said this publicly that although there are always challenges in the development of the vaccine, we desperately need a zika vaccine fundamentally to protect pregnant women because those are the most vulnerable because if you get infected during your pregnancy there is a disturbing percentage of people abnormalities. we will start a trial likely in

september the 2,016th based on the expertise that we have developed literally over a decade or more in working with these vaccines and i really want to thank you and the committee for supporting the work we have been doing on the ability to respond rapidly to the emerging infectious diseases. that is what we have done. we have six candidates in q.. the one that is the purpose that we had a meeting three or four days ago to plot the trial i mentioned. then transitioning to phase two by the beginning of 2017. how fast do we get an answer depends on two things. how effective it is and how much infection there is so paradoxically if there is a big outbreak in 2017 would get an answer which were quickly. when things die down it would be good for the public health and it may take longer to get an

answer that we are very much on top of the vaccine development. >> i just want to say i appreciate your leadership and the ranking member and the whole committee in getting the extra 2 million. and i appreciate this extraordinary panel in all of the work that you are doing. i look forward to working with you so that we can say chairman of the committee doubled once again in a bipartisan way money for the institutes of health. i can't think of a more important investment. and thank you so much for the important work that you do in your leadership. what to do with mr. chair. thank you. >> are you advocating or just pressuring me? >> we will go to a good friend

mr. simpson. >> they already started timing and i just barely got started. quick question. the president announced in the state of the union union, and by the way which i think was great and i supported. republicans don't always criticize everything the president does. i think that this is a good start. the department of energy is going to have a role in this also. they are getting more involved in this stuff and when i ask them they say you know we were originally involved in the biological sciences because of radiation and cancer caused by the radiation from the weapons development and other things over the years and stuff like that. what's the relationship between the nih, the department of energy, what are we looking at and what will be their relationship, do you know?

there was a high-level plaintiff to support this across the government with the vice president's leadership and that that's very much includes the department of energy as well as the fda, the nih and the strong input from a variety of other parts of the governments involved here including the commerce because the ip issues. but he could tell you something about a direct involvement that is already ongoing between the cancer institute. >> when you answer that, can you also talk a little bit about the medical isotopes with the reactor shutting down while we have access to the isotopes when necessary? >> first with regards to the department of energy, we have initiated very recently three pilot projects with them in

cancer research, and they will form a key part of the men shot and we are continuing to have ongoing extended discussions with people from the department of energy including further extending this because largely they have extraordinary computing power and machine learning. and it could be helpful in the cancer research area. given the time, let me get back to you for the record in terms of the issue. >> with that we will go to the members of the subcommittee, my good friend from connecticut. >> i'm going to talk about an antibiotic research i just came from and i will say this to you 70% of the antibiotics are brought into production editors

industry guidance today that is voluntary to the fda. i don't know what collaboration you have with the fda but it's critical. we shouldn't be in silos. you talked about 23,000 if and if we know what's going on lets test your research and see how we can cut that number in half as you said last year that we couldn't do. it truly is unbelievable. we think about guidance and we need to think about how we tell people that in the pharmaceutical companies and a mandatory way in my view. let me move to the procession medicine initiative and i will cut through the chase. i was alarmed by a "new york times" article that raised concerns about the lack of success for breast cancer

patients. what is the clarity on this issue and guidance prior to practicing physicians or patients? >> i think that this area exemplifies the strength and limitations that we have any medical tests. when you do a clinical test, for some people it is enormously helpful and for other people people, the results are ambiguous. the genetic tests that we have can be helpful in appointing people with the treatment but not for all of them. >> is it accurate in terms of a success that has been in other areas other than breast cancer. is breast cancer a specific disease that is not responding or is this article off-base?

>> there have been specific inhibitors, for example, the first targeted inhibitor was specifically for breast cancer and each receptor inhibitors of there are specific inhibitors for breast cancer. the problem is when you get an abnormality, not all of them are clearly actionable and not all of them are going to be responsible. >> i would like to continue this conversation to look at breast cancer particularly and i would ask you to look at "the wall street journal" in the precision medicine i would ask you to take a look at it and ask what they are thinking about or talking about as we are trying to move in this direction. i have four seconds left. all i would say is i want to make sure any vaccine that we deal with for zika is going to

be available and affordable for people and is in reasonable terms issue but second, i would offer my view. i think it is critical to deal with a supplemental emergency resource in order to address this issue and its problem. you are right and i will tell you that we are now sending a to puerto rico in response to a zika outbreak. what happens when we are looking at a blood supply that screen to be difficult or people won't understand with people won't understand the safety of the blood supply and what kind of problem that is going to cause here in the u.s.. and let me just tell you american women are going to be outraged if we are not doing something about them and their ability to be pregnant and bring a child to terms.

so thank you for the work that you are doing in this area. i have another question, but that's okay. [laughter] i'm not sure that was a question >> genetically modified mosquitoes. i want to make sure that the remaining get an opportunity. with that, you are recognized for three minutes. >> it is an issue that comes before the congress and we see that we have in effect for the district of columbia on our appropriations bill and let me just -- you're in the review article new england journal of medicine, very prestigious medical journal and let me just review some of the statistics and just confirmed that these are still true with regards to

addiction although the overall rate is about 9% if you look at the young users are daily users 25 to 50% is that still true that stole the state of the knowledge? marijuana dependence can be much higher because it depends on other factors as well. it could be twice that the just in general use. with regards to the gateway theory because this is continually controversial my best understanding is there is a reason to believe from other studies and models potentially there is a gateway but it's not clear re: understanding the other behavior. >> it provides a means by which it becomes vulnerable and you cannot necessarily direct is

still being investigated. >> but it's not a gateway drug in humans. >> it is a drug that precedes. >> and i understand that. you can't always extrapolate but finally, what was interesting to me when you look at the effect on school age children if you're not careful in how you control the access to children in school it impairs the critical function for days after use which was interesting and that was stated in the article. >> that has been replicated. >> so if we don't write the law carefully and you will children in school to have access to it, this isn't a setting that we want to actually have children go to school and learn.

from the scientist point of view would you urge the jurisdictions that are looking into legalizing to exert extreme caution in taking that position at this point? >> i basically asked people to look at what the data is telling us. we have seen consistently they are from the legal drugs not because they are more dangerous but it makes them more available and more likely to expose many more people explain why we have so many more adverse effects. so i always say do you want to have a third legal drug and can we as a nation afford it? >> now we go to my good friend of the gentle lady from california. >> my colleague and i have recently started a new congressional caucus on maternity care to promote

optimal outcomes for women and to highlight issues like the virus that poses a risk to childbearing women. we've been following with great interest the world health organization finding and counsel regarding this disease. the committee stressed the urgency for the research into the development of the virus which is talked about earlier. but they also recommended both retrospective and prospective studies of the great of other narrow logical disorders and areas known to have had the virus transmission but where such have not been observed so if it is possible whether it has been responsible for cases of microcephaly in the united states over the past three to four decades and has there been any tracking of this to see if there have been clusters were increased incidences in the united states?

>> [inaudible] with regards to the rich row active studies but there hasn't been a virus in the united states and we know that from when we do the scanning of what has been in the united states there has been no virus in the united states until it has arrived in the south america and the caribbean. what we have now in the united states is over 190 cases that have been imported mostly people who've been in the caribbean and south america who were infected and came back home to the united states. but we what we haven't had his local outbreaks similar to what we did see a few years ago in florida and texas so there is a very important surveillance capability which will tell us the negative answer to the question we haven't had zika in

the united states but will also tell us. but it will tell us as the summer comes if we see many outbreaks particularly in the southeastern part of the gulf coast dates, texas, florida, etc. because the major transmitter is in that area of the country similar to puerto rico and south america and finally, what we do have and south america are studies to take a look at what the fundamental baseline level is and the relationship. two studies came out. one came out a week ago showing if you look at zika infected women who were pregnant and women who were not infected in brazil it was a very disturbing 29% of the infected women have

ultrasound doppler is indicating abnormalities of the fetus which is very disturbing and the reason why we feel very compelled to be able to get a vaccine to protect not only the people in south america and the caribbean but it's necessary if it comes to that in the united states. >> to give you a personal reason and my interest in this particular area, my grandson was born with microcephaly. this has to be probably over about 12 years ago and as a result of that, both my daughter-in-law and my son took every test imaginable to find out what the cause was especially since they planned on having other children. and they could find nothing. none of that research. so when you are trying to figure out what possibly could have been the cause -- >> that is a very important question because people

sometimes get the misimpression dot microcephaly is only associated with zika apropos of the question you asked because the publicity we are getting the microcephaly has been around forever and it's associated with something that happens usually in the first trimester. that could be a viral infection, it could be any number of infections. it could be fetal alcohol syndrome or a variety of things that interfere in the developmental process. it usually takes place in the first 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy although we do know now from the study that even women who get infected at the second and early trimester can also have abnormalities and may not necessarily be full-blown microcephaly but the range or disturbing which again gives us fuel to the fire of having to get that vaccine >> another dimension is

genetics. in the days passed of as hard to nail down the technology wasn't good enough and now that we have the ability to look at the complete situation like that many centers are now doing that and we are on uncovering the changes that we previously didn't know about. and that is wonderful. >> thank you very much. let me begin by thanking you and your colleagues for not only your appearance here today but obviously your accessibility to all of us when we have questions. we appreciate the wonderful work that you do. this may be -- you will have plenty of opportunities opportunities but this may be your last appearance before the committee. now the decision i suspect of a new president of the united states at some point but we hope it's not your last quite frankly speaking for myself personally and again i want to thank you for the exceptional leadership that you have shown for a

lifetime and dedicate to all of you quite frankly including the health and security of our people it is quite a workable achievement and you've are url very distinguished in your own field into to see the manner in which you collaborate together and work across disciplinary lines and institutional lines is very inspiring and so again we just appreciate the values that you show for the basic entities and humanities that each of you exhibit. it's no surprise to me that it puts aside differences, ideological differences and really does try to work to advance and support the work that you're doing and i'm sure that will continue into there will be other things that we fight about. but this isn't going to be one of them.

this isn't going to be one of the areas where we work together and frankly where we protect our discretionary funding you got last year and when we try to build on that and frankly we can go to the question i asked in the first round and that is perhaps to do better than the president proposed as a generous increase but if we can go beyond that and put additional means in your hand i don't want -- i know on a bipartisan basis we will want to do that. >> thank you.

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[inaudible conversations] president obama became the first president to visit cuba in 88 years and spoke about the u.s. cuba relationship and also this morning's terrorist attacks in brussels. >> before i begin, please indulge me. i want to comment on the attacks that have taken place, the

thoughts and prayers of the american people are with the people and we stand in solidarity with them in condemning these outrageous attacks against innocent people. we will do whatever is necessary to support our friends and allies in bringing to justice those that are responsible and this is yet another reminder that the world must unite. we must be together regardless of nationality or race or faith in fighting against the scourge of terrorism. we can and we will defeat those that threaten the security of people all around the world. >> you can see the entire speech from cuba tonight on c-span starting at eight eastern. after that, results from the presidential nominating contest in three states. today they have their primary in idaho and utah.

they began to decline radically in the 1930s theater wasn't until the 1930s they figured out how to make a rubber tire big enough to become a tractor starting in 1930s and 40s you had an almost complete replacement of horses as the work animals on farms. i do believe that my books i read in the decade after world war ii we had something like a horse holocaust that they were no longer needed and we didn't get rid of them and a very pretty way.

>> >> stick interfirst guest of a the morning is marsha blackburn from the energy commerce committee good morning to you. we will talk about the

select committee but i want your initial thoughts of thehe brussels colleagues.lies and for >> first of all, the heart breaks for the victims agentel their families and those who have family and friends that are in brussels and cannot get in touch with them.he ameria and aunt el also drives it t forward with the public it is the top issue people are very concerned about what is happening as they watch as isis and al qaeda metastasize after the horde of africa.concerned an if they have watched them come in to fill the adelaide and their concerns continue to grow. if you look at the arrests

that took place at the end of last week and then you with e wonder what will be found in the aftermath of all of the bombs and had degraded thatmendo network is with the utilization of technology to carry out these attacks. it is a tremendous concern. >> especially after the paris attacks. h >> did exercise sub vigilance and if the president should come along to be the commander-in-chief.

for those military men and women are deployed and will be safe and from the past few days you have to have a review of the national security plans and also theto military security with those commanders on the ground with firsthand knowledge of what is taking place in europe. the other thing going forward is the issue of the borders the u.k. is facing the debate about whether or not to withdraw and exercise their sovereignty but if you look at the ability to move freely.

is it wise to have that piece of waiver program? with ucb individuals coming across the border and you were on the ground working with border control the for those individuals taken into sestody. they are not all mexican and but the other nationalities in one of the reasons security the border is such a principal issue. the other point is the arrival of syrian refugees with the resettlement and what they're doing and notot quadrants of the issues. , be here to this serious

refugee program now that they want to infiltrate through the program. joining i take a careful and watch whole approach is where we need to be. aside from those issues that you chair reminded the audience. >> this was established last fall by a house resolution the house panel to take the deep dive. click the abortion industry in the business practices and the procurement industry.

to look out what transpired with the videos and people are very concerned where you have the market with fetal tissue and body parts. so that the losses of gulf fifth to look at the business practices and that is what we are doing. we're organized and had our first hearing. >> host: that is the topic? re >> we would ask for subpoenas for organizations we have done over 40 document request. not all of the integration received was complete so we

issued subpoenas to the university of new mexico and also to abortion provider year that university and is down express for the procurement organizations period process of abating further integration and it was on fetal tissue research and docility of not of a great big, big from democrat and republicans in your viewers tuned to listeners with the select panel listened to read for themselves. >> b&l of medical students to be concerned for their safety? >> everyone is always

concerned but bear in mind we recommended the appropriate reaction to for rationed and the protections to sit -- to certain every sean.complete our w canada order to complete its work and report back in the effective the end efficient manner 57 talking about this information i want to get your response. >> instead the chair has embarked on a partisan and dangerous witchhunt putting the privacy and safety of americans at risk for over the repeated objections of the panel the chair has sent dozens of document requests to academic institutions in medical schools and health care providers across the

country and has issued three unilateral statements to be in the names of individuals graduate students medical students doctors the clinic personnel and is threatening to issue more. there are rules in place to protect the the stains from disclosure in fact, did make it clear indeed been turned over would be made to the public there is no reason to create such a database if in an effort to compel this information is reminiscent of senator john mccarthy's tactics. we live in a world where researchers can far compared to not see war criminalscare living world where women have faced the gauntlet against the health care when they have threatening websites to identify reproductive health care providers to their familiesre

with maps of the location and to their families and homes. to lead to a planned parenthood clinic they killed three people injured died others and terrorize doctors and patients is twitter arrested he uttered the words "robe or babyol parts'' defrayed by colleagues have invoked before and after the murders in connection with this panel investigation. so with that harvesting of baby body parts of the abortion providers to to put people in danger.rs going publi stick to say there were no

rules in place talk about those workers is that true? but there are rules in place we function under the rules of the energy and commercemm committee. there are rules in place we need to get to the bottom of what is going on.ey also every person the key before rest agreed it is illegal to sell a human body parts of the united states alsoth agreed it is illegal for a profit to be made and they also agree it is unethical for someone to get pregnant and having an abortion for the purpose of selling those body parts and they all agreed for many of these of these abortion service providers could even be the

legal document. i don't know of anybody that thinks it is appropriate for the fetuses to be sold or marketed and there is tremendous concern that has somehow grown up with a tremendous amount of profits every year. one of the documents that we had is a document that shows what they are paid her simple. perhaps some better pro-life or pro-choice it doesn't matter they say it is so

barbaric they say how could this happen in our country in the 21st century? >> the first call is from the democratic line you're on with the republican from tennessee marshall blackbirds. >> caller: i just want to say as an american citizen and a longtime soldier from 71 through 91 i am tired of the republicans call against cowbirds that we are afraid to die for our old country i am so sick of it. sit back first of all, thank you for your service and a 20 year military career but is commendable i also have to say i don't know who is calling you a coward that you exercise gear because itr

is not be. i have tremendous respectt for the bed and we did in a uniform and veterans. i have any artist veterans contingent in my district and i spend a good bit of time for them as well with a tremendous amount of time for those that are headquartered in my district in fort campbell we have thece d 101st for all those that are there but more importantly taking for your service id your vigilance and for carrying. >> host: the republican in line in california. >> caller: thanks for taking my call. i want to talk about what transpired today with the

talks with israel. i was really undecided at the time and do i was going to vote for but listening to everybody hillary came now ate politician. she was weak. it turns me completely away from her. >> you have national security as the top issue.eoplee with with did ian ottman israel is our primary ally. i can fully understand and appreciate that. i have families telling me

they're watching the debates together their id o communication the public servants and that is a veryor good thing. i did not have the opportunity for some constituents that were from them yust like the caller that would take pay attention to what the candidates were saying. >> with the seventh district of tennessee -- tennesseend the next caller go-ahead. >> caller: thanks for c-span i appreciate you both very much. i would like to talk about

health care. paid 50 percent less than we are and living longer than day lower birth rate and a t daughter-in-law that has been trying to get an operation for the last three months he did you talk about waiting she has been trying to get insurance to approve a back operation.t was op with the doctors in canada there was a boy that was operated on the wrong leg.e rigt they charge him $2,000 it was the right leg and it should have spent his last.

so i was like for you to explain to be one more time by the united states cannot i thinhe same programs? >> to a good question and.he unt i think the rest of the world would like to have that quality of care that the united states has. you have a lot of people, looking at the specialties with access to care this is where they come. talk to friends and neighbors and our there on the northern border and theywe will tell you there is a good bit of travel. some areas of the country and even have that medical tourism that come into have h access to the health care

system i will speak specifically to a couple of the bleeds that he makes. when you look at it its mortality the metrics that used so you will seek a little different. the insurance approval issuebef. after the obamacare policies cable board of course, there were problems and everyone agrees with that and it costs too much.on with the accelerated cost with the additional ca's for insurance premiums.

with that narrowed network to take that product that is sold on the exchanges it does take longer to get the care that you want to., as you have a centralized compa care put more people into the pool with fewer insurance and fewer physicians figure wait times increase and that is what happens with the federal government gets involved. that is one of the reasonsare wi they have repeatedly asked disastecretary of hhs hhs, kathleen sebelius to look at the test case with hillary care which was a disaster.off those and it was a democraticecause tc

governor with 300,000 people but he did it because that escalation rate of cost went through the roof in the five-year period of time. it had quadruple the cost. it was activated she reversed, 1995 then be getting at 2005 that program cos was 35 percent of the state budget you cannot afford it -- for that.eat looking at what they have to say this is a great example of why you need to insert the free market concept. to put some options in their.

and there are some things that can be done to open up the marketplace. whenever they want at whatever price they canf afford it is part of the republican plan for replacement for obamacare to allow you to take the insurance product with you wherever you want to go but that the cost 2530 percent comes under liability but some medical malpractice reforms and allowed thosee wande for the tort reform necessary to bring down the marketplace cost.

>> host: chattanooga you our next. >> caller: good morning. if they only knew some of the laws before they came to the united states like it chooses to be on birth control than they save the person's bother and that is problematic and it causes the parent to go to jail and then charged $50 a day to be in jail and 35 that the system is charging to the parent to cannot pay that back.try togeth

so for other republicansnnessee, believe they can get their own country together because this along with tennessee is going to the ruins. >> guest: i appreciate you calling. don't take our country is to lead to the ruins. -- perhaps only believe in america and i have to tell you with people that say the best-- are behind us i disagree. i see they are in front oft us. but if we have hit an obstacle the american people rally. voted we you have the new voters that have never voted in

millions of people that come out it is exciting people love their country son said they are showing up. people is hiding she does bring them something that you hear which is a prison reform and that is the very valid point they say just make this as over the counter and that is another worthy discussion is ouu and takes her colleague. >> host: caller good morning. >> caller: a couple ofof points you are using have been disproven already.

they have proven to beat the wrong but look at those who made the video you have a first person in proven wayw with the body part collection and you have already done that.nny's maybe you can you answer that. >> guest: you were talking about the indictment in texas he did of video and now was fraudulent. and as i have talked to sell the reporters that do undercover investigationsose th

that you could have a very chilling effect of those said do undercover investigations like 2020 or "60 minutes" for investigative journalism. that is the only thing there was the indictment. we look at the issue of the fetal tissue that fails. and then in 1984 in two parts in 88 the hearing that we did was the i bioethics

with a congressional hearing allo was broad based agreement between the democrat in the republicans of what should or should not be allowed looking at fetal tissue. >> host: looking getting case where the profit had been made? >> we will continue looking yet those procurement organizations to look at that. we're just looking at a bioethics been turning to components with medical practices and we will continue with that work. >> host: what about the question of the videos themselves are the way they were edited?

>> i in encourage people to go on line. buchanan looked at those two cds are comments that they were making themselves the individuals that were interviewed. but those that are naysayers dash a'' we realized that there is this industry and we're already starting to see some change take place in the way some of these practices are carried out a. >> caller: good morning. i would like to say i have a great deal of respect for representatives blackburn i have been following her for quite some time and i try to take an interest, in western

north carolina that sort of represents us in a local area of but i worked in health care for almost 35 years i was on the first transport team with one of the highest mortality birthrate in north carolina bare really transfer the babies to the regional medical center at the time in the late '80s. if you have ever been involved in a state like that you will know that it is very emotional it is profound the effect it has on everyone. q if you do look at the films

you will see that there was questionable things goingcountre space it if you go to other countries we have a higher abortion rates in almost every country in europe we let the pregnancies' golan valerian due later abortions than almost any country by five weeks. around 15 weeks on the average. >> host: is there a specific question? >> i'm sorry i am rambling. what do you seek if the government gets involved with total health care it

will be providing abortions abortions, what is your thoughts if that will come to pass in the next decade? were the chances of something like that happening?als kinnealey this started with the third parties coming in with hospitals and billing insurance. in obamacare is destroying this. >> guest: i appreciate the work within neonatology units. those that have had family members that were premature birth and in those units have worked with them. a many of us volunteer to raise money and purchase for vanderbilt initiative is

emotionally in the very difficult time what the specialists can do to save those babies in their lives. i hear from individuals all the time.ssage so for taxpayer dollars to be paid for abortionsnute in without passage in confusion at the last minute with the pro-life democrats to save no money is used very concerned about keeping babble all off and doesn't require members of congress to say you cannot do that then the be the time has

come where you say for women's health services to provide more services with those services and also provide abortion. >> host: you recently wrote the op-ed with what is going on with history but what is the point you're trying to make? >> the larger issue is talk about the impact that would have. however they choose to participate in the public or private sector but the ground reagan in said it very well at the funeral without nancy reagan there would not have been of ronald reagan.

to be there has said teammate and to encourage is an important tool for the first lady and the anti-reagan vigorously embraced that role andnd sheared for america's justicia cheered for her husband so i thought in light of women's history month it was appropriate to recognize that contribution she made to the nation. >> host: also the use of steps cells with her husband's use of alzheimer's to share those beliefs? >> to do little stem cell research as a matter of fact i think "the washington post" article with that utilization research it is not single tissue and blood dash tissue they have usedhost:

that to show them how the virus affects the brain of the unborn children they are cells that they work with in the lab that come from the adults stem cells then they utilize these cells to give back certain conditions. >> host: the democratic line. >> caller: thank you for your service talk about those embryos stem cells that included dnc reagan added has been proven. >> guest: this is one of the things that came out of our hearings on bioethics and i would encourage you to poland up there is no need

to do harvesting your selling of body parts or tissues from abortions.there ar miscarriages, umbilical cord blood, there are plenty of lines that our available. even with the of virus -- [in ika virus but it does excite figures that are copied from the adult lines in the amount of research that is being done there.vailable. you need to worry about hardesty up body parts there is plenty of material available. >> good morning. thank you for taking my call.

i would like to ask thealso, the representative will the committee get to the bottom of a gauzy and also that he deals? it just amazes me that general petraeus was fined and reducing a big break that this lady that is ready for the presidency but this administration is so to faced a stonewall everything lik i want answers about the emails but then put general petraeus as the trader in my book now we have hillary clinton running for the presidency but she didn't like? the american public needs an

answer. i am so sick of democratsther talk about trying to t bankrupt social security endeavor could hurt one democrat talk about welfare and. thank you. >> he brought up the point of general petraeus and of course, we had him again in command at fort campbell to r different times during his service said he is highly regarded and respected and well remembered in that community.e the benghazi committees is continuing their work they will move forward some point soon be mailed investigation is continuing dido the fbi

is to read their part and they have been extensive team that is working on the end you can be expecting to hear something from the fbi you do hear a tremendouss amount of concern with social security the disability fund runs out of t money into the general fund i hear this all the time but we do need to stabilize the trust fund and i have had legislation several yearsaycheck that would force the money to be held that is coming out of your paycheck and into the fund to be held and

then to vote what it is used for because right now it is just a stack of ious in a federal cabinet in the federal building in western judea and they are coming due. i would encourage all of yours go to the report for the trustees for medicare is social security and read saying that the warning that they put in to their trustees report congress needs to do something about this the caller is right it is running a lot of money and the fact that the funds are being spent we do need to pull that off and pass my bill to put the funds were they need to be into a trust fund and treated as a trust fund. >> host: the independent life. >> caller: why don't we t

have a draft anymore? half of the country doesn't serve any more. >> i thought it was interesting there isn't anybody on the stage for president that has military service i think this is the first time that has occurred so that is a good question and. look at how people whom remember the military services of the first caller i state to offer that 20 year career in the military and when you have to fight for the freedom and defend the flag in the nation's sovereignty and of the front-line dicey that every time with from fort campbell