thing i can say all have optimism so he drew a line halfway down the list to say those above have gotten some in those below don't. he was very honest by the way. and he said how arbitrary it was then the line was arbitrary. that statistic of 4.5 out of 10,000 so that is the baseline. i don't believe understanding this doesn't make sense until we have a definition. >> every autistic child grow up to beat him? >> that is a dream.

but we tell this story towards the end of the book to some extent there is a young man with autism and he didn't tag of language he began flipping his fingers in front of his pace -- his face. in the said what is with you? >> he has autism what is wrong with you? what is your problem? get off his back. >> they lined up behind the

kid. >> it is the essence of what we need to do oho as a society. and the bully needs to get off the bus. >> it isn't just a metaphor. >> we will stop our conversation into questions. >> [inaudible]

>> if i would summarize for to put people together who have complementary skills to make a good team. people are beginning to recognize individuals with autism if there at that part of the spectrum that's that spectrum can work there is a man in denmark to we profiled recently called a specialist in started a

company to prove that individuals with autistic traits have economic value. that sounds cold hearted but he started this company where he hires almost exclusively people with autism and uses their talents to understand patterns and a detail and he knows they don't do very well at job interviews. >> he is trying to spread in this country he is all over europe. >> you missed my cue. [laughter] so instead of sitting down where people have eye contact he gives them lego assignments and create a

robot. so with is a room with a big sandbox. that is the job interview. >> [inaudible] >> within the spectrum are severely disabled and struggle from talking to binging their head against the wall to do anything wildly independent. and those with the social skills because they cannot

figure out how to have a job. they keep changing the definition of what to some but within the spectrum we find a different types of people. right now the spectrum is so huge. >> but the positives if you can get that diagnosis to put it on the agenda it has real meaning. >> [inaudible]

>> those that are the two guys traveling around the world in communicate through typing. in those who cannot find ways to communicate there is no question today you can go to schools with revolutionary development for children who cannot

communicate verbally be you can see them working with basic grammar from the system in place for betty years called the picture exchange communication system. in to take things backed that was part of it on its own. if you go back to the '60s all womaned hardest the initiative of walking typewriter. so the attempt to get to people to speak has been there. because suddenly the language that emerges were denied education. suddenly they were producing

incredibly eloquent language there was a scandal for the process called facilitated communication. >> we tell that story in our book. >> it is a shocking story. tel that quickly. >> that teacher who said she was facilitating her father and brother were raping and abusing her. she would sit in front of a of a table with a keyboard is she might wander and was found when the facilitator supported that hand the child independent was steady

and began to tie up coherent language may be roughly in the beginning the better with practice and it was understood that the language was coming from the child and out of it came astounding language and to the media went to nuts. "the new york times", that television show did major stories for these children and adults. and then all of a sudden the messages that began to emerge were my father touched me my father raped me. assertions of sexual abuse were taking place.

the fathers sometimes the mothers are siblings were arrested and held on charges of sexual assaults and abuse. based on the testimony this is when it got a real test because the defense attorneys got involved. >> a lawyer broad inexpert to steadies' communication between people who have bought his them with the simple plan to test the fit was real on one side they would see a picture the decide the facilitator would see a picture. and the person she was

typing for had the same answer that we would know they were communicating in every single instance when a person with optimism saw a photo the facilitator saw something else they did not put the same thing. >> i want to back up just a little bit because i do think the facilitators were not trying to do something awful they believed it was coming through them but they were delusional. claman afraid there is a lot of that but it stopped with the stories got out but 10 years later we would hear stories that people were in jail because they were

accused of rape. >> it cavemen at the same time no -- it was no coincidence. >> a lot of the facilitators were dedicated teachers they wanted to protect them. >> but it is the same theme of parental love and hope and what can we do to help our child? it was about be leaving in your kid and connect with your child. >> we will take a couple more questions.

>> ha. [inaudible] >> can you repeat the question? >> basically what do you if

you have an adult with what is the man who pays for that? and that is the point. and that is part of the point we try to engage people. to have a better future. you cannot imagine if it was so awful. now the next generation of families to change the world.

and people who are here today in trying to change the world to provide services in homes for people that don't have them but we have moved light-years in terms of optimism -- autism. >> [inaudible] >> what about services is a new york city?

>> i can tell you where we have services and we have schools we have charter schools when my son was diagnosed i had to make a whole program, i had to fight to get the services then i couldn't even get the money back from the state. and we have come so far not far enough it is the cycle. how else would they?

>>. >> [inaudible] >> as i have watched her work this through. >> i changed you don't lose

hope. spee the neck with those specific indicators. >> get to play the perfect pitch in with the skills he is developing that is part of the spectrum, does he function in the world? >> it is a great question i am still working on a. my child is 21. i was always on the

five-year plan. and now i am okay. you don't know how much more or how it will change. 12 years old you have fivers six years and it changes everything. i don't think anybody can answer your question. >> better great conversation. and down like to say one thing. [laughter] you missed your queue. [laughter] [applause] >> if you're not aware this is what they call a book fair apportion proceeds

donates a portion of everything to benefit the two organizations that we respect the lot. ever since willowbrook was shut down two-step bid began with a pair of starting an organization for the artistic community. they are our friends and we respect what they do a lot and we encourage them to step up. >> and starting the first charter school and working on adult services

>> good evening. on behalf of politics & prose in the entire staff, it is the pleasure to have you here. to track the can -- with the new book "pandemic" tracking contagions, from cholera to ebola and beyond" please silence your phones now. we encourage questions after the event is over please place against a bookshelf for the book signing.

her books include crude. the bounty hunters. and the fever. with tonight's book she discusses the pandemic strom many in goals with their personal and civics responsible. and then to contain the next outbreak. >> ag for coming. every time i come so by the

fifth book i will be right on time. end to withdrew a panda back. and that is very are with the zika virus in three at of 9k back to the united states have had at frivolities with their babies. so maybe it isn't just in brazil but it is a good example of what has been building nine generally over the past decades and why i wrote the book and why we have the infectious pathogens to reemerge.

but zika is the latest we had ebola where we have never seen that before. and that avian influenza with that and the virus coming out of the middle east and not including all the pathogens. west nile virus and old lumber. so what i want to look at as a journalist is how does a microbe a tiny little thing with no locomotion how is it could become of pandemic pathogen? paula deen at the history of

epidemics one in particular is cholera. has actually caused said did pandemic it could happen in a matter of hours in the latest is building on right now just off the coast of florida in haiti. and then going to wear new pathogens were either merging. to look at how it could shed light on what would happen to the other new pathogens. the history of cholera is indicative of what is have -- happening globally cholera came out of the

environment like a lot of the new pathogens today although many today are coming out of animals and wildlife. said the cholera is a marine bacteria found in estuaries especially in bangladesh were the of major rivers drain and it is a huge wetland in the water is alkaline and freshly and salty and dylan is in conjunction with his 2.10 -- plankton in that environment. of a giant mangrove swamp garett is crocs the with the

british decided then 90% tavis settled so now they have contact with cholera in their environment that allows that to spill over and what it does in our bodies is different than the environment. so it started in 1817 then spread into russia. we are disrupting wildlife habitats and they're coming into contact into a net happens there microbes can

jump into our bodies to become pathogenic. from that we have ebola in the number of other viruses. from monkeys will most likely got zika end malaria and hiv. this is how they are either merging and then to amplify that started in the 19th century people were walking out of the farms to come in to the factory jobs there wasn't a lot of room to sprawl everyone had to live near work or the possibility of work.

so they were touching each other more with their food and water and in new york there was no rule you had to empty that out. but they would lead is said to decompose that would happen before the waste ran into the streets and into the wells to permeate the ground water. as soon as it enters an environment like that it will just explode so that process of where started is just a few years ago but the

majority live in cities by 2030. there will be city is more like monrovia. pour infrastructure and chaotic. the prediction of all those that live in the slums. so now with this massive urban expansion ebola is a good example of that. but it never had infected with the few hundred thousand inhabitants. so then it new getty -- new guinea it effected a population closer than

3 million so that is why it was huge. and arguably zika is taking advantage of urbanization. maybe since before the '40's mostly in that editorial forest and is carried by a the forest mosquito. but now in the americas is carried by a mosquito that specializes in living in human habitations. with the drop of water in a bottle cap they can live. so this is the perfect environment to breed in the only bite humans as soon as zika virus minute well

expand rapidly. and then we carry these around that also started in an 18th-century with the steam ships across the atlantic all up and down the navigable rivers and then to be connected in all of those waterways. said the erie canal had opened coming in from canada it happened again and again. we're much better today not just a few capital cities but hundreds of airports and

in fact, you can make a map of all cities in the world by a direct flight this looks like a pebble to expand our word pro where and when the epidemic will strake between effective the end unaffected cities. and with the way they expand today. is to drive the pathogens into human populations it is what we do about it. them political defenses and

medical the fences to fight back and to contain these pathogens. spending a lot of time to dissect and coming down into canada from cholera to do reconnaissance will this threaten the city of new york? and that collected data shows a clear picture all alone the erie canal a very clear picture but they turned it if the eric city

to the empire state it is a huge part which would have been the obvious thing to do. son of dr. beck said it is contagious but it is a 2,000 year-old theory that basically it is the bad smell. they believe those on the job and the poor and the immigrants. this wasn't just bad mouthing them in the press.

so i've lost my train of thought. i think they've had a a senior moment. [laughter] oh my god. where was i? the doctors. yes. that is anywhere my mind to quit because this is my favorite part of the story. in fact, there were companies that were distributing water and making money doing that. there is a swamp and the love manhattan.

and the worst parts of the cholera epidemic and that was built on but was once a pont. over the course of centuries it was built on top of a garbage landfill. so it was not stable. the groundwater was easily contaminated. all of the outhouses all sinking into the groundwater.

to deliver the drinking water the river at the time was fresh and clean they thought it would cost too much money so they made the decision like flint michigan they decided not to attack the good water instead we would put the well into the middle of the swamp. distributes that water to one-third of the people this is the repeated cholera epidemic. the good part the person who maneuvered all of this was alexander hamilton's nemesis and a murderer. on top of that it was called the of manhattan company. because they want to start a bank. but that banks still exist to this day.

jpmorgan chase. that is their early history. [laughter] and i tell that story because with those drivers of contagion is a turnaround from the past. we really got rid of it before we had solid biomedical solutions and those that ron the board to make sure. and changing housing practices.

and uplifted people to give them electricity or mechanization. thises will be for we had specific drugs to deal with malaria. added to develop the specific chemical cures penicillin, led ddt it became extremely potent to kill disease effectively and we gave public health over to the biomedical establishment. so now when we have an outbreak we'll look for social and political roots