tv BOOK TV CSPAN March 27, 2016 12:00am-2:01am EDT
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>> it did not occur that way, the mercury was different on every passage and einstein explained by relatively had that occur. finally he predicted a shift in the late spectrum, the sun, the light in the sun versus the light that arrived on earth. in 1919, one of those fictions came through. anybody know what happened what you do for living sir. >> retired engineer. >> so others know as well. there was an eclipse on the sun in 1919 and england sent out the royal society parties it to the west coast of africa into brazil.
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they validated einstein's prediction in fact, the did send light from stars adjacent to it and the crowds went riled the newspaper said that everything had been turned on its head. that the physics did not hold and einstein was describing a rising star. so overnight he became famous and lenhard hated this. he was not about to give up on newton and kepler, and copernicus and german stars. here is this man getting more publicity than he should. so he posted instead that he was unworthy of people in science. so plus the fact that he was growing increasing anti-
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somatic. >> continuing the background here, what was the working society of german scientist? >> this was the reaction of lenhard and maybe ten or 12 german scientists. they were going to take down einstein, they are going to show him for fraud and show the theory of relativity. so when are trying to stay in the background talk to the
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. >> the nazis surrounded the hall, they were selling their pamphlets and tins and so forth. einstein attended to. he sat up in the crowd and he listened to this, his step daughter margo beside him and made fun of the whole thing. made very light of it and made jokes about what was going on, on the stage as he began and brought out a man. he was not as amused as he
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appeared. he wrote an article about what he called the corporation and scientist incorporated, he published it in one of the german dailies, the one that happened to be jewish owned. it raised an enormous fuss because not only did he take on the people who publicly participated and were scheduled to participate, he picked on lenhard. he said minard is behind this. with no real proof to that effect. so it raised an enormous ruckus, lenhard basically accused einstein of slander. eventually einstein recanted but only through others' voices. he did did not actually recant to any great extent. what followed here, you would say a big fuss over nothing.
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but within a month and a half of that, the german scientist, the chemist, mathematicians, were all were all to get together for their very first meeting after the first world war. it was an especially important meeting because of the german scientist were banned from all the european meetings. there is enormous hard feelings that dated back that occurred in the first world war. so this meeting was really all they had. einstein threw out a challenge, he said he was willing to debate anyone who felt the theory of relativity was false, of course nobody came forward immediately but there was plotting in the background. minard was the ringleader. they were originally going to meet in frankfurt, it turned out there is a great deal of political unrest in frankfurt so they met in a tiny bath town. the town went on for three or
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four days, the meeting, but on the final day that was when the powers that be scheduled the debate. einstein was to stand at the test of the field of everybody else in the building. there were two guys flanking the gates, the physicist and, were special people that got in first. anybody else from the news and media and paul was there as well. it was supposed to be open discussion but it quickly generated into name-calling between lane hard and einstein. first some science and then to children bickering over a toys how i would describe it. at the end, the end, nothing had been settled of course, einstein chased after lane hard to the cloakroom. minard said it was too late and ran for the train and they never spoke personally again.
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it would've been fine except it would have beeburied under. from that moment on, the anti-semitism that lenhard had been hiding came forward and there is nothing but the two commentary about einstein and feelings of his hypotheses and his theories in until einstein was chased from germany in 1933. >> did. >> did his personal life also factor into the criticism over this? >> einstein was so different from lenhard, lenhard was a very serious man. he treated people poorly einstein on the other end was the next ordinary wit, for instance, the 1919 when the
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solar eclipse showed him to at least be right once on one of his predictions, he was asked by a newspaper, can you explain for people what relativity is all about? the way he answered was, well if you're with a pretty girl in our seems like a second. but if you are sitting on red-hot tender, a second seems like an hour. >> ..
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relativity compared to moral relativism. the alaska of absolute. that did not sit well with that society's image very germanic. it had nothing to do with the other but the anti-einstein forces ticket vintage of the relativism that was beginning to occur in society with post world war i with that atmosphere was held up during the day but at night it was like the world was going to end a and perhaps it was. it had nothing to do with relativity but they were trying everything to take einstein out. i remember one quotation particularly not exactly but they compared einstein
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meaning of fear is - - theorists to the 20th-century painters to basically say they could not peaked so they made of something they could paint and einstein said they couldn't -- made of something they could live with as well and it was that type of bickering. he tried to stay out of it but what took him down was that constant hammering away by those einstein forces he was also very different the german scientist were very strongly nationalistic even with the good guys they were very nationalistic following the war einstein was the internationalist if he wants
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called nationalism the measles of humanity. he was a pacifist. he was very much against the army in germany. so slowly but surely public opinion began to turn on him >> to be supported at the highest levels of the nazi regime and even meeting with hitler on one or more occasions. why was that so important? period that would mesh so well with the broader philosophy. it matches einstein's idea is of culture, excuse me, i
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and there were differences in the way it people thought about science that this was related to ethnicity and ethnicity. excuse me for one moment. and he went through some of the others. and arabia in physics used to be important and finally of course, he decided not only was a bad for physics but for the culture of germany he was in no
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permission -- position to judge he did not want the mathematical black -- background but more and more but his people were coming over to einstein side the introduction and then was the cursing of the juice in theoretical physics and three other volumes and by all accounts he was a fabulous physicist actually before she married einstein took a semester in heidelberg to do any
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professing visitor ship over the speed of electrons the philosophy they he was touting for years san years became crystallized. >> having thought about this a lot, is there any validity to the different ethnic groups have to those mindsets? we amended is unquestionable like language and culture i like to think of science
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into come with a new experimental finding. but in japan as a japanese or working very hard on something plugging in these new pieces of information than the experiment works we all learn how the universe operates. do think it's possible there are cultural influences? but much less determine mystically and that was quite the opposite. >> so these various
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colleagues came to a position of power that in the general situation with the jews in germany to force them out so that created a shift in the world balance away from germany to its enemies. and he had already advanced to this point and had the foresight to take mauna much younger acolyte. from it as a believer of quantum theory later join and his own career by
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complaining when he lost a job to the candidate and he wrote a long diatribe that insulted the physicist throughout europe. so when others came up he was not getting them. she would apply that they would say no thank you. suddenly with the not see in power he was in because he was hoping all along. he was an apologist and a supporter of his claim. to be an apologist and a supporter and they finally did manage to keep him from returning to germany. so suddenly they were popular with the nazis is empowered into a very powerful positions and they
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had no pretensions they just wanted to vanquish forever. he wanted einstein's work to have those german civil service that loss said basically if you were jewish as it cuts through a lot to get to the bottom line to assure a communist to could not work. he knows where civil servants? all professors at universities. in this situation to cleanse the german university. >> it than 45:00 p.m. the
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driver the most vague as to the german scientist help the dean from the back seat of his car. he stepped onto the curb. despite the cold wind from the harsh winter he would survey his surroundings. and impressive powless serving as the government since 1875. that is a harmonious example of persian architecture. bout was no longer the case. it directed that crass modern south wing that was a staid impossible to ignore for better or worse jeans was inevitable. as president during the most prestigious organization he felt the opportunity to
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speak as the newly appointed chief and made certain to arrive at his offices a few minister lee to settle his nerves and think about the issues since heller had taken office. chief was the new law that mandated and non arian was a euphemism for jewish. it to be classified as civil servants but continuing employment of all jewish professors. in discriminant enforcement would result in the many of the scientists chemist or mathematicians and hindered german science progression for years to come. this is his only chance to reason with heller if he were to have any chance to get through to him.
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as the secretary of ushered him into the office one considered how he might address those concerns in a way that hitler would understand. does anybody know about six? the nobel laureate use the position in protest. he was a national hero for producing poisonous gases that without which we would have lost from the start. i have nothing against jews but all jews are communist in the latter is my enemies in dickens them my fight is directed stick there are different types of shoes. the holds families of the highest german culture and
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he suggested a distinction should be made. that's not right. a jew is said to and they all stick together like birds. it should offend the duty themselves to put that dividing line between the various types. that is why i must act equally but that would be cumulate our work in entirely to the benefit of foreign countries civic people say i suffer occasionally. steve if this is linda i have nerve isn't -- nerves of steel said he began to spitting - - beating
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one is about making science interesting. this came yesterday hope i can find it quickly. so i have some hobbies and i used to play in north carolina. one of my playing partners that nobody can live off of. because they keep lending it out. the people that buy a give it to their friends. but one friend rollback, thanks for carrying the einstein book. i will hold:to wit blonder
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beverage church wanted to read about the jews reject any given to those. >> those who would sympathize with theoretical physics spirit the bison and error she although the solution was more one-sided. i have never seen dr. strange love or how bad is the model for the mad scientist. with the parents immigrated his mother had a job. but then her lab instructor later married james many
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will recognize the name from the manhattan project which basically recommended not dropping the atomic bomb. so richard's parents left durham because they're unable to get a military license. that is how the u.s. treated them to emigrate. you think she was perfectly happy but not so sure and let she has seen too much and just wanted to hide away >> add of nowhere this why people write and publish because you don't know who is out there and occasionally he can change
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so many people saw what they expected to seek everybody sees what they expect except the unusual individual who makes the discovery that he did not do that. cell and they did see a and recognize that is and what was making it light up he missed an enormous opportunity. and when he won the nobel prize and he thought they both should have been named but the 1905 when he won he to lecter read karen hard to say again that this is not the man he should be
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credited to discover the x-ray but really it was him. but when read and wrote his last will he ordered all papers to be burned except zero letter they received earlier crediting him with the x-ray. so they photocopied and had many, the spread around germany and japan so it could not be destroyed. that is a great story also. i don't believe in comparisons but i distrust
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the science with the slander of it seems currently in our country there is a real america to help him if their car broke down. >> i have no idea who you're talking about. [laughter] in global warming is a hoax. what can we do now? to help support the intellectual community? >> first will level of literacy in general is very porous and scientific is much worse than that so to
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because he understood the practical aspects but the reason he was a patent turkey cannot get a job at the university. they actually had an girl merinos if she died young or she was born out of wedlock at -- back in serbia where americans went to give birth so nobody even knows except she was mentioned in one of
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this bin you is one of my favorites. this is recorded for broadcast on our own isil and available online. if you have a question during the q and a portion at the end, please raise your hand and wait for the microphone. we have a roving microphone. festival of the book is free of charge but not free of cost. please remember to give back or pick up a giving envelope to support the festival so we can sustain for many, many years. you get your yellow revaluations? please fill these out and give us great marks a
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provides useful in formation to keep the festival free before you leave work complete it on line. and make the point is we don't get enough good military history programs so please cela the great lawn for us. authors will be available for book signings immediately after the program. now we will start. the first gentleman the author of war in in the chesapeake to rector of the u.s. marine corps and quantico please civic the
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keep the sun time and on track. there are few places more affected by warfare than chesapeake bay not counting the civil war obviously. and essentially after most of this time for their own defense. but the issue that got us into the war in the first place but if you would see that moniker it wasn't
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anything about anything else but the fact the united states puts the pressure of the napoleonic wars that the british began to clamp down on the ability with that globalizing war. in to be aboard the man of war you can see his wife for his release and others willingly and others going off to be in the royal navy. it was a virtual death sentence. and they didn't die unnecessarily from combat action.
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and with the boston in tackled in the head and the literary -- literally passed away to be buried at sea. but what is the british view? but you will see the double off to the right and then to be complaining to napoleon. and then to say the devil will help us both. but angel gabriel blowing a horn and it says bad news for you. >> they now want to end a superpower now you have us around the coz the united
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states in 1812 was similar politically they had the federalist and it was seen as mr. madison's war or a republican war. the you can see did seen around in a circle but others plot the downfall at double ted tavern. so this riot sets the stage for the war in then chesapeake. we had several early naval success and u.s.
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>> in from the war of 1812 but from memory the navy cannot remember to reship to ship the engagement. that is submitted significant. but then to decide to come to the chesapeake. they will break into the bay with the amphibious taskforce. we don't turn of a navy per se but unfortunately it is blockaded at the beginning of the campaigns with the british decided to do in a brilliant maneuver wanted the high sea avenue as approach. the second benefit to kill
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off the americans with the hardy in the four. in and thereby having a campaign on the military stores and burn them to the ground. go through the larger towns of ruffled and even baltimore but they couldn't sink uss constellation. this is a modern-day shot. >> it would be conducted in the eighth grade 1813.
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they will reenact the battle in a few weeks. >> he has some political experience but foreign minister to russia. senator we will end this as quickly as we can spinach to make the medicine administration russkies large cities that were available as i found out from my colleagues as i presented the same lectures to make you could see billings on fire and it is
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them was another 61 so the two-year campaign but the stuff that comes out of the fishes and health is joked scissors ball and chain chain, anything you can stick some say was a floating mine to thinking she would float one up powless -- at the time he almost pulled this off he thought it was 74 and he speaks up in this and the love the night and
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major george r. bestead -- armas said. his great nephew will be leading the attack. bush team will do a great job to defend. they have bomb ships that could have a 200-pound carcass without being hit back in return. there is only for casualty's killed when they lose their lives. civic the overall commanding general will do a fantastic job. because he guarded another four to as a 24 year-old colonel so he knows his business.
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in the don't have a bomb crew magazine. and not to mitigate any explosion. if. >> and at the end of the campaign with the bombardment the next morning the flag is still there. to negotiate the release of american prisoners from the washington campaign may have a wonderful national anthem was little changes.
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[applause] >> author of confederating a biography graduating from the u.s. naval academy's serving 20 years as the nerve -- navy surface building on naval history that mitropoulos join me rfid welcome to white shoes. [applause] >> the yankee very much. for capt. introduced his memoirs with the following midship becomes a personification and speaks in moving accents and ship
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can be a central character and thus dss shenandoah heard mission continue destruction to effectively advance by the alabama not the bottom of the english channel of with the fiery encounter june 1964. october 1864 through november 65 shenandoah kerry dash conflict around burger issue was purchased from british turner's and almost.
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nation and keller. but also sell the asian and pacific islander those have never set foot on american soil. in day balance discipline with humanity and succeeded. most served loyally and energetically through their vessels. and then to cause a sensation. and as word spread hundreds of sightseers were on the shore.
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dipped their flags in salute the last recognition and they would receive. and as they proclaimed peace is what the seveners would ask for. death federal's declared there would be no peace the south is engaged in a war of independence will be lead, then then cornwallis. it is ironic that the sympathy for the confederacy is concentrated to the ruling elites to identify with aristocratic senators with the yankee democracy while many subjects into
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with radical politics favor the assault as a champion to the tyrannical central government. there on the wrong side of the war in the right side of history. with 1865 in charleston in south carolina and non that same day to repair and resupply. then to sail into the of vast pacific and on april fool's day to approach the island of pompeii with the aberdeen yankee vessels while richmond went up in flames.
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that was at both ends of the earth. the young officers were fascinated by its people mingling by the people they gave a cool and refreshing appearance. there pilot in trades later was york shier englishman and after escaping from said a as a convict. he claimed to have read by visiting ships to have informed the chiefs. the clash of southern arms in the remote parts of the earth and i the breeze is of
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the isolated barbarians. >> index -- inviting the local chief they shared a pipe that put the chiefs at ease the chief and his party were astonished with the freshwater condenser to comprehend their function meanwhile of fleets of conduce surrounded them with many holding up a large green umbrella the chief departed with a hearty welcome. to receive quantities of cocoanuts in given tobacco. some consider the whole affair ridiculous the leader
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of one of the most powerful of privilege that they did not extend is a significant enhancement of deaths from the captured whalers with confirmation of his authority. from those as well as p.i.g.s. and chickens they amuse themselves to trade tobacco while the guns fell silent. one of the lieutenants was entranced by a young girl. so sweet and innocent heard dark face lit up with joy and words cannot picture her
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sovereign from the independence of character and fearlessness of disposition to have a common duty to righteous people and a just cause and it should be noted the confederacy finally achieve that primary form policy objective recognition of a fall -- a foreign power. with destruction to say once more as a legacy in the faraway place. of those sailors left behind and other pacific islanders were caught up in the island politics anwr. while i struggled to a conclusion shenandoah that invaded the north the
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steeple of the bering sea. and put the land of the midnight sun aglow to capture 24 vessels in one week the unprecedented accomplishment to be greeted with jubilation in the south in those proceedings four years to destroy over 100,000 tons but the major impact was psychological with those insurance rates they soared. only one ad of 100 was taken but another 800,000 turns was sold into foreign ownership with the protection of a neutral flag. this is called the flight
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from the flag that the merchant surfeit service never recovered. despite these losses with that burgeoning trade, this - - commerce just shifted while the blockade progresses most of better raiders confiscated before they could get under way or decommissioned. to set off howls of protest the union secretary to divert only a few warships from the blockade. only after she completed the most destructive of the war
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to only by the egregious violation of neutrality and shenandoah was not at all. but this was also a deliberate psychological warfare not unlike that strategy of the carolinas. and when shenandoah began to be pessimistic about victory with the government deep in debt with this stalemate of the trenches around petersburg the condemnation to be pressured of peace was intense the what if they had cruz one year earlier on top
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of that new construction in from for sisters. and then from the summer doldrums to contribute to that northern malaise and every election prospects. the confederacy deathbed is close to independence that summer as any time during the war. by spring of 1865 when they reached the bering straits there could be no such help. after destroying the wheeling fleet shenandoah headed south off the coast of california those former confederates became pariahs presumably subject to imprisonment or hanging. and fears to be amplified by
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a great distance destitute and starving dead or executed. shenandoah leaped in to liverpool. and then to abandon his entire vessel. we were sure to reconstitute their lives. a triumph over their enemies. and for myself i have claimed to have done my duty. the ancient maritime heritage and represented a new concept and an old strategy of naval warfare and that is a good example of what we call asymmetric warfare.
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and then to heed the call of their leaders to put the honor on the line. they sought to serve the best traditions that which they took as their model judging by their accomplishments, they succeeded. it was a paradigm for innovation and unmanageable circumstances. the shenandoah deserve to be remembered. this is a biography and a microcosm of the experience. the akio. [applause] >> what is now if you have any questions.
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talk about my favorite guy in how he got there and how they fare in in in that battle. >> after the flotilla was destroyed back to the navy yard it was then known as the eastern branch is really not doing much of anything decided at this point to do on the lower bridges there is a reason why no other place was defeated across. are you could burden the navy yard bridge so it was the most obvious but
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nonetheless they stuck their end when they went one hour north by horseback to where the navy yard is in as a result james madison is writing by a it has to massive force pistoles in some people said he looks like a kid and why don't you allow us to come to be at a battle? he says surer and allows him to do that and it is still bear to this day.
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and survived the burning of washington which is another story but that is one reason they are in the third reich in was literally one hour before the british arrived. >> how did they do? repeal the troop that turned in incredible performance. the navy and marines would go into capitol hill and was estimated they stayed there because they did not believe it was in his purview to give orders to the navy said he is literally left alone to guard the road on his own. and then to be inflicted by the u.s. navy in flotilla.
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>> was taking notes when you were talking in what i found interesting was the crew and you mentioned african-americans and those who were descended from george washington. can you talk about those? >> one of the most vexing concerns to have 120 men and he tried to recruit from his original crow -- crew from the supply ship. he didn't get as many as he wanted. he also recruited from captured vessels. but he would take anybody who would come on board, two
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or three times and also the prize money at the end of the war. betty at least paid as an ordinary see me and and also other nationalities. but to be much more integrated and cosmopolitan and diverse because of the sailor is the sailor it doesn't matter where he comes from if you have the skills. so there was no issue of slavery. although being the sale there was not that far different from the labor
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involved but the authoritarian structure evolves over centuries with the british navy to be picked up by the united states. >> i was struck by the widespread representation into the a nephew of robert e. lee. mason was a grandson and there are other connections there. but actually was a drugstore clerk. i can relate to that as i am
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from i love but he did a report because the war started. but being from the midwest he did rise to that aristocratic duty of the deep southern compatriots. >> interesting. questions? >>. >> a colonial marines was only 30400 from the 1814 campaign. and allow them to be transported to the island or they could go to bermuda or canada.
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the boland an assignment by the captain in the name of the elders at the end of the war they would pay the confederacy the value of ship and cargo. this was legitimate assuming the confederacy had independence which it did not but there were no casualties of the entire crew of the shenandoah excepted to died late of natural causes. they removed them in very fax they were not allowed to
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the iroquois became closest and the cape of good hope was a couple of weeks behind. if they met up but could be a similar engagement all the captain had no real interest to do that if he could avoid that. >> so the weaponry was to scare the merchant. >> notice belligerent the british law but they had to do this to protect their neutrality.
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