sensed as a kid that she treated me differently thereafter. those are the first experiences realizing that in it isn't being like being an episcopalian or presbyterian. a remark something different in american culture. they have both grown up in utah as well. you know, they had both come from traditional mormon families as well. there's almost something in the latter day saints psyche that kind of mix bags to be misunderstood, expects kind of resistance. that kind of cultural heritage from a very painful past. my folks kind of letting us know you're going to ask. it is. this is part of who we are. this is part of being a part of our people is you're going to have people and.

that was kind of a hard lesson for a kid trying desperately to fit in with new classmates in a news adding that to have religious identity in obstacle be a marker. took some getting used to. some of the standard misconceptions latter day saints experience with non-latter day saints off it really to the mormon practice that was discontinued back in the 1890s historical memory of that part is very strong among non-mormons in the united states. if a non-latter day saints americanus and he named, they probably know that polygamy was once part despite mormons in the past. a lot of latter day saints and time and mainstream latter day

saints bit of experience as latter day saints. that is one. that is another misconception a deep misunderstanding of this communication for disagreement tends to go along the lines of how to define the lds community with respect to traditional christianity. is mormonism christian? is that part of christianity versus no distinctiveness and how is tied and latter day saints come to that sociological definition. i believe in jesus christ and i try to follow the teachings in the testament, therefore i am christian. for some traditional christians, by simply not enough. they tend to find that mark e. illogically today than

sociologically. you subscribe to traditional christian theological position over the generations. they do not subscribe for the important key foundational christian theological position. they don't count in evangelical protestant lines. they spent a lot of time kind of arguing the point. there is no stress historically for latter day saints vis-à-vis non-latter day saints of america. that history is brought with misunderstanding, considerable violence early on. they created considerable at the change of the 20th century. latter-day saints have retained

some of that distress of others wrecked economy. some social commentators creates persecution and there is a complex that it creates that position to hammer out identity. i don't think it's too far to say that latter day saints, specially when they entered to public discourse in this day. i don't think it's too much to say they expect to be misrepresented. we're hardwired for a lot of latter day saints is that they don't take the time to understand this complicated history and most folks don't care enough to get it right. i think that is a perception that his wife spread. what does interest team in the

19th century catholics are undergoing the same kind of scrutiny and resistance within the united states. for very different. not because they were near, the catholics were perceived as foreign and unfit for american institutions into hierarchical into secretive. some of those anxieties protestant got mapped onto mormonism as well. but the 20th century, certainly muslims under an kind of cultural burdens that come with being a distrusted minority. in the united states have a difficult as well. these are interesting questions. when does the minority religious group get to be perceived as

exposure and politics does influence acceptance. there is a relationship there and kind of seeing kennedy's nomination and election as a watershed moment for catholics in the united states and looking back, scholars will see the campaigns as a or culture work. as part of the story. there are other elements, too. for instance, how does it treat a popular medium? political exposure is one thing, but what does it mean culturally when religious minority gets treatment in a satirical play on broadway. that signals something. it felt like more of the same. okay, maybe not in public, here

we go again. scholars have been a little more nuanced. this is a moment of entering public discourse than a particularly satirical profane way. it's culturally significant. it's a moment to kind of jj tradition. in other words, is this tightening the danger or is it he feigning tradition in a way? is that poking fun at someone that is in fact in the club now if that were good these are hard to say. politics is one arena. academics is another agree not. which traditions are worth the of academic attention. popular culture at another. all of these dark ages of how

the nation ways the inclusion for religious group. i called the book a peculiar people, a biblical phrase. the word peculiar has a couple meanings. it can convey a special kind of relationship with god in the original sense. i've kind of chosen this. early mormons thought of themselves in those ways are money that they had a particular mission of the world living out a sacred commission. the killer inside of their meaning as well and so my threatening their outside. the play on that tension both to try and tell a story about how a nation comes to accept a

tradition, but how a religious community comes to accept itself and define its own weirdness. in the early but i used to quotes from latter-day leaders. one says we are a peculiar people and fast-forward, we are kind of peculiar people and a more recent one, we are not reared. i was trying to show the religious insiders kind of contact associate questions of identity and interesting ways. do you want to be peculiar and what you do with the others that you deem peculiar, how do you

interact? this has changed over time and it's had a profound implications for mormonism and for the nation. but the book is trying to do is when it came at the new understanding of the relationship between churches in the state. it did provide opportunities and tremendous cultural anxiety. the other side to the american religious freedom is bigotry, misrepresentation, senior, real conflict and really difficult polemical literary traditions. that is what really grabbed me. americans have sped a lot of ankle and each other about religious groups. this is part of the religious freedom experiment.

>> i've been collect and rare books for the past 30 years. i decided to relocate after selling that book shop in dallas, which also is old new books in the past 10 to 15 years, books have really suffered with the advent of e-books and everything going digital. what i found is the entry is in rare books has increased. in my shop right now, there's about a thousand bucks in my inventory there's about 5000 books. i rotate folks through here and i specialize in four different areas. i specialize in rare bibles,

bible is from the past 500 years. beating utah i specialize in classics and literature and early american history. one of the items i enjoy collecting our bibles or religious sects that belong to well-known historical figures and beaten from utah, one of the more popular items they like to show people is brigham young's copy of the book of mormon. it is housed in the nice protective clamshell. but this is according to family tradition, this is the copy of the book of mormon as i'm brigham young's nightstand when he died in 1977 and if you open it up to the title page, you can see the signature. another one of -- i enjoy early american history and this is one of the most important books

printed and it's an original copy of thomas paine's common sense, which was printed in philadelphia. the printer was robert bell on every street in philadelphia. if you go there today, here's her common common sense is printed january 9th, 1776. this was a little pamphlet on together and it's quite rare printed three times in january 1776. it has an interesting story because thomas p. and went to robert l. to have the splint it and he wanted to proceed to buy the soldiers mittens. mr. went through printings, they had a falling out and so thomas hayden about anybody to lower the price of that anybody can

printed. it is so well known imprinted unto this day has the designation of the high saturation of any book ever print it in america. my favorite sign in the past year is a viable that belong to the man who wrote lord of the rings. i have jr tolkien's copy of the bible and i had a nice protective case made for it, that he had a very simple bible. it was printed in 1947. this is in the middle of rating board of the rings from 1937 to 1954. you can see his beautiful, well-known recognizable signature in the front. what most interests me about this book is the fact that he annotated this vote and made comments in the margin and here on the left page of john, you can see he's making common in

greek, comparing it to seven different versions of the bible, same as is a better translation of the original greek. j.r.r. tolkien's bible. the one he had while he was writing "lord of the rings" is worth over 10 million. there's even a few book worth over a million apiece. that is kind of the starting level for the books that i have. what i enjoy so much about the rare book is behind. it is a treasure hunt. also realizing and his older books they are different. they have a different field, a different look, and added story within this doorway.

this is the perfect place to keep these books because it's fireproof, humidity controlled and there's no uv light. this little book has a story that if you're looking on it, you will see it is

just a stunning finding with working class. the works of shakespeare done in 1685 and i have it open to romeo

and juliet. i will continue to collect books for the rest of my life. i had people ask me, when are you going to retire? what are you going to do? i'm already doing it. i can't think of anything i would rather do than travel around tracking down rare books. i enjoy these books. you greet them? absolutely. you never know one of the earlier inscription that could substantially increase the value of the book or add added entries to the story behind books. i will always do this. i never get tired of it. i love sharing stories with old and young and i look forward to every day. the bookshops have been closing in record numbers. national chains are closing down 15 years ago, a new owners of about 300 bookstores.

250 does have closed in the past 15 years. it's important for these stories to continue to survive. they add character to the local community. it is a meeting place for people and it keeps history alive by these bookshops continuing to be an existing. >> we spoke with earl fry about his vision for the country and the book, "revitalizing governance, restoring prosperity, and reconstructing foreign affairs: the pathway to renaissance america". >> generally, about two thirds of the country is moving in the right direction. their children will not do as well as parents had done in

adulthood. so there is some discouragement out there about the future of the united state. in part because a fair number of households had done too well financially not much in the way of phrases in the way of increased fringe benefit, but at the same time their health care costs are going up, cost of education particularly at the college level going out. the feeling is a lot more money is going out, but not as much coming in. the one service well by our political leaders in washington d.c., what do we need to change in the individual circumstance does one improve significantly. coming out of world war ii and moving particularly through the early 70s, we did very well. keep in mind it was amazing at the end of world war ii we had 14 million people in uniform and

we had to bring most of them home. what were they going to do? we were able to get young men and women into colleges and these, get them enough jobs as they move from a wartime economy to a civilian economy. we did kerry well. you could come out of school at the high school education and get a good job, particularly in the manufacturing actor. the united states alone accounted for almost half of everything that was being produced in the world. when you combine that with the fact we have the strongest military and monopoly on atomic weapons, i argue in the book the united states may well have been the most powerful superpower ever in terms of its global reach. it makes sense this time ago on, the devastation of europe, parts of asia with go away, those people would get back on their

feet. our share of gross domestic product and other things would go down and they have. we are still a very significant economy in the world although what the economists call purchasing power parity, taking out the differentials in currencies, our share of global gdp, gross gymnastic product today is the lowest it's been in a century or so. most americans think that our influence globally has been going down significantly and that we have to adjust to changing circumstances. we are still a superpower, but not as dominant as they once were. but the world changing, becoming more complex we have to adjust to that and do the best we can both internationally and at home to preserve security of our people and also prosperity. >> physically impaired other nations have grown more rapidly

than we have during the past several years. we also went into a period of slower economic growth and of course we look at the economic miracle, if we can call it in china are literally sent the 19th ave., hundreds of millions of chinese brought out of poverty. the chinese economy growing much more rapidly than our own through much of this. and it's also many of what we call the emerging market, other developing countries as well. our share of ants have gone down, whether it's the share of world exports, gdp, foreign direct investment and stuff like that. they probably were reaching a balance somewhere. there is no reason why this can't be a win-win situation and turned that they can do well, but we can do well, to what we will expand that economic ties

and hopefully take into account environmental conditions

that this is jabs. let me give you an illustration of that. the year 2014 we had a pretty good year for 3 million new jobs in the united states. what really happened was we created 29.1 million jobs, but we lost 26.1 million. so 3 million net new jobs is very good. what if you are among the 26.1 million what if you are

one of the great tragedies we now face in the united states, we have about 20% of our young people dropping out of school before graduating highest goal. they are the ones who are really going to struggle as time goes on and they are going to have jobs which may not pay nearly as much as the average job pays into a laborer than a lot of other people will not have to do and obviously shows we have to put much greater emphasis on our k-12 education. we are midplane in terms of how we can bear with other industrial societies in terms of race and after nine x, reading comprehension. we really do need to put more than a third. we are losing 20% of our new school teachers within three

years. we are the same 50% in five years in nature improvement areas in contrast, for example, in finland where i had the opportunity to teach for a year. all the students who want to be teachers become a graduate degree at a certain discipline and get into the university in terms of being a teacher, teaching k-12 is more difficult than to go to law school or medical school. ..

>> we are here at the crandall historical printing museum in provo, utah. this museum has been here for around 18-20 years. here at the museum we tell the history of printing from the beginning. we do it by telling the history

of the printing of the scriptures, which is appropriate since the first book printed using movable metal type was the bible. so that's where we start. louis crandall is the founder and the owner of this museum. is an old printer. he began printing when he was 14, down in mesa, arizona, and he had been printing his whole life. so he knows printing. we moved to provo he brought all of his old printed material, his old printing presses and the type and everything, and started showing the people and it just sort of expanded from that. the original press is up to what we have here today. first thing they experience is learning about the printing, using movable metal type,

beginning with the printing press in 1850. this is a replicate of the gutenberg printing press, the first printed using movable metal type. this press, basically what this is, is a converted press. guttenberg, he had to figure out a way to press paper against the in tight. he saw the old all the press, the winepress, he said i'll use of that. you have a screw down the middle and a screw. just a winepress. they built this. this is the place to put a tight. this is called a bed of the press and this is where you put the type. if you have the type made, you put the type in your. every letter in your is an

individual piece, but one letter at a time. next thing we need in order to print it inc. -- is inc. scribes have been using it for generation. there's a problem with their ink. very thin. water-based ink, which is fine for the scribes writing with quill pens but it didn't work. it ran all over. he needs a thick, sticky, black ink, stick to the surface. they boiled it down until it became sick and sticky. but even linseed oil is clear. in order to make a black he took like black or so it and copper oxide. made a beautiful thick, sticky,

lacking. -- black ink. quality has never been exceeded in the world. i don't know about that, but that's what he used. this is modern printers ink. they still use boiled linseed oil for the base of their printers ink you. they use a different pigments. they don't use copper oxide for health reasons. they use different pigments. so now i take in smear some ink out on my ink stone and i get them covered with ink. now, i have to work these for just a couple of minutes because i want to get that ink nice and

smooth and even over the whole face of the ball. i don't want any lumps or any bare spot. in order to make these into bowls, he took a wooden bowl, put a wooden handle on it. he stuck it with horsehair. he covered it with goose skin. why use into his skin, we don't know, but it's interesting he did. because gutenberg's birth name was -- german for goose meat. how would you like to go through life with the name like that? why did he pick the name he did? back in those days you had a nice home. they were not a lot of nice homes so they would name their homes. they named his name good mountain home.

he took the name for his family name so we know him as john the gutenberg. so there. recall him good and the lollipops, nice and smooth and even. you don't drag it across, you don't role of because that fills in with big blobs. you come straight down. see how i come straight down? there's a real art to doing this. remember the crew that does this particular job, for some strange reason, is called a beater. now there, i had it ink. the next thing we need is something to print on. gutenberg did not have to invent paper. taper making had been invented in china, and the knowledge of

papermaking was brought to europe by explorers. there's a problem with their paper. it's handmade. it has a hard, slick finish which is fine for the scribes with her oil-based ink, but it did not take a good impression with gutenberg's oil-based been. he had to soften the paper. he printed on slightly moistened paper. this is the brisket. this holds the paper in place. i laid down and lifted up so it doesn't smear or care. so i folded over, roll it under, and i pull the handle. notice that plaque. it's just this wide. our sheet of paper that wide?

we only printed one page. you see the larger the plaque them or press it takes and we can't put enough pressure with his wooden press. so we crank it out and pull the handle again. and there, two pages of the gutenberg bible printed on a gutenberg press using gutenberg type. we have here in -- printers metal, heeded to 600 degrees. at 600 degrees it runs just like water. see that? it runs just like water at

600 degrees. now, i'm going to take a label full of it and pour it in my type castro here. this is a type castro. i take a label full of metal put it in the type caster. i spilled some in there. turn it over, open it up, and there's the medal that i just poured in there. this cold steel has absorbed a lot of the heat. it's already cooled it off enough so that i can handle it. there it is. my mold still on top. you break the mold off, and there i have on the end of it a

letter be. i just cast a letter be. after all, of this type caster it takes hundreds and thousands of pieces to tight. you don't want to dump them in a big pile so we built boxes for a-b-c-d. put his capital letters appear, capital a-b-c-d and the small letters down here, a-b-c-d. he put his capital letters in the upper part of the case and a small letters in the lower part of the case. so even today we call capital letters uppercase letters, small letters lowercase letters. that's for gutenberg put his type and that's what we still call them today. this is the press that printed the deseret news, the first paper in the intermountain west.

the first edition was june 15, and 1850. now, 1850, that's just 400 years after gutenberg invented the printing process. this is state-of-the-art. what i want you to notice is after 400 years, everything is still the same as what gutenberg invented. well, the press is iron, and other than that everything is still the same. the type is still and cast and they still set in place one letter at a time. we still put the paper up there on the tip and brisket. want attachment, after 400 years, now instead of using the ink balls to ink the type, now we use ink rollers, 400 years your this is the line of putt,

one of the first major advancements in printing after gutenberg. a line of type was invented in 1886. now, the way this works come up here in this magazine is the matrix of all the modern alphabet. this was a transit matrix. matrix is a mold. that is a transit matrix. they are up in this magazine. what it is you press a key and that basic type comes out out of here, down here, lines appear in a role. you do it just by typing it in. once you have all lined up, you can push, this is called a space

been echoed in between words and automatically justifies your left and right. once you have them all done you pull the handle here. it moves over here in front of that printers metal. upon moussa, presses into the matrix, at out drops a full line of type. that is the linotype, 1886. this machine was used by all the printers, all newspapers, all the print shops in the world, intel the 1970s. and then the computer took over. without a museum like this, this whole process would be totally lost. in fact, it is being lost right now. this printing process that we use, with a movable metal type, these being lost today. going into the digital phase,

and this is so important because this is where the modern technology came from. the printer on your computer began and started from the press like this. this is what it's important to know about printing, about writing, about keeping records. >> now on booktv, a literary tour of provo, utah, without of our local cable partner comcast. next we speak with susan sessions rugh whose book "are we there yet?" talks about the rise of family vacations after world war ii. >> the family vacation is an american invention. the way we do here in america is to take a road trip. and while many families, specially well-to-do families, got int in their cars in the 19s

and the 1930s, and many people to railroad vacations in the 19th century, it's really not until after world war ii that the american road trip or the american family vacation as we know it is invented. the family vacation was brought about by an unusual conference of the circumstances. a lot of things happened as a result of having fought world war ii. after world war ii the veterans came home and they wanted to take their families to see america. many of them made the cover much to washington, d.c., or to the white house or to park. that was one impetus for the parks, seeing democracy on the road. under the impetus for the family road trip was the best, again coming home. it was a very young marriage age, and distorted what we know today as the baby boom. and so the baby boom, families were larger, families were being

formed at a rapid rate and the cheapest way to go on vacation is to put everybody in the car. so that sets off from a social aspect to the idea of the family vacation. the government had a part in the family vacation by making road for families to travel on. and in 1956 the interstate federal highway act was signed which provided for highways to be built all across america. it was really a civil defense measure, but it did benefit people in fact there were all these funds available to the states to build roads. not just any vote. this is the kind of road where you don't have to stop. so these were roads that could go across states without turnpike fees. so people could travel pretty far in a day because of the interstate highways. i think veterans wanted to come up and see the american that they had fought for in the war,

and that their buddies have lost their lives for. this big, massive effort of world war ii ended, and people came home and he wanted to see what was america. if you lived in the east you might want to go west. you want to see what kind of a place this was that you had fought for. and initially after the war, it was difficult to get cars. production of cars had been slowed down during the war because all the materials which he defends. but after the war, by 1946 they are producing new models of cars, and detroit begin producing new models every year. so the production of cars is a vital part of the american family vacation, and in creating this consumer economy where you have to have a car, before the days of two cars in the crotch, you had to have a car.

so car ownership rose dramatically, allowing people to go on vacation in their cars. >> [background sounds] >> national parks as they opened in 1946 were completely overwhelmed with all other visitors. people in yellowstone would drive through the park and not find a place to stay. to the national parks became extremely crowded, and they came up with a program in 1956 they expanded all of the parks, and they began, mission and 66 was

complete and 66 of the try to accommodate more people. but i argue that by taking the children to the parks, many children who grew up in cities can. you're trying to instill into some kind of an appreciation for nature. a national parks were wild and they were wild and they were dangerous places for children. many children were hurt at national parks. children were bitten by bears and fell into rivers, and some children even died. so the national parks were a way to take the children back to just raw nature. i think a lot of those children were the ones who, in the 1970s, became these environmental movements and took back the parks. if you think of the assembly and protest in yosemite, these were a way for people to learn about the country but also to learn about their id of nature.

now, i think also for many children and families, it created by going to washington, d.c. and these american places, it created a sense of citizenship, that i am a citizen of this great country. and at the same time people who did not have the full right of citizenship, this created infinite frustration and a desire to change. i argue that the strength of the civil rights movement, the root of it, come from many of these families who, african-american families, many of whom have migrated to the north, to detroit, chicago, had cut back on the road, wanted to see the relatives and they were turned away from restaurants. they were directed to substandard restrooms in gas stations. they couldn't eat at restaurants. even a place like our johnson would not serve them. even in maryland, just close by the capital. so for these people it wasn't so

much a victory lap as it was a way for them to see that things needed to change, that they had given their time to serve in this country but they could be served in a cafeteria. something was wrong. they were entrepreneurs in the black community come in african-american communities all over the country i especially in the south where segregation was legal, who would create businesses. they would create roadside homes, places to stay, motels as motels were invented. and effort enterprising man named victor drinking new york city, he was a military or anti-contacted other mail carriers and compiled a listing of places were african-american families could stay and where they would know that they would be welcomed. and this led to various other guys. this guide was called the green

book published from 1936 until the mid 1960s. these guys would help direct african-american businessmen and african-american families to places where they would not be humiliated in front of the children. because it was a humiliating experience for them. i got the story in the civil rights hearings, and i also found a version of this story in the trade journal for owners of hotels. basically the trade journal was saying the civil rights movement as something that you need to take notice of and you need to do with it, with your customers. because for years, for instance, if a rich family, white fang had been on the road with servants, they would have to stay in other accommodations. they would not put them up. this is true until the early 1960s in las vegas. so this is a man named ralph

sims, and he owned and appliance store and his appliance business was worth half a million dollars and he and his family traveled to saint petersburg, florida. this was in the early 60s. and when he asked the price of the room, the motel owner quoted the outrageous price of $50,000. he said he would pay double the rate is the proprietor charged others because committee said, i've got two kids out of there, they haven't had a good meal all day. we are all exhausted and we can't find any place to sleep. the motel manager refused. that night the family, who were negroes, the word at the time, curled up inside a parked car, counting the minutes until sunrise when they would begin hunting a colored restaurant for business. so you can see in this story that they wanted, they were

wealthy enough. they wanted to eat what they wanted to be. they didn't want to just eat at a restaurant for colored people. so they had enough money to go anywhere, but they weren't being allowed to exercise the rights of citizenship. the story of ralph sims and his family was read into the congressional record by senator javits in the civil rights bill. and why wilkins, secretary of the naacp got up and said, imagine yourself, he said to the senators, imagine yourself right now in july in this country getting in a station wagon and going on a vacation with your family. imagine being turned away. imagine not being able to get a place to eat or a place to stay. and he uses the image of the family of ralph sims to convince this committee that something had to change. that public accommodations have to be open to all citizens in

america. as i was thinking about family vacations and getting started on this book, i wanted to tell the story of the real family vacation, the history of the family vacation. not the family vacation of television shows. on ozzie and harriet will leave it to beaver because those are not real depictions of reality. i had spent 15 years living on the south side of chicago. i raised my children and an integrated, racially integrated community on the south side, and i do of the civil rights struggle. and so i was aware of this, but most, i read the history, with almost all the history talked about the buses, trains, and something had not been done on the individual family experiences, and i wanted to

tell the family story. what was it like for family getting in a car, what would their experience be? i think a family vacation had its heyday in the 50s and '60s disneyland opened in 1955 your people rushed to go to disneyland. by the time those children grow up and become teenagers in the late '60s and early '70s, the enthusiasm for family vacations waned. and part of it is that the children are growing up, the baby boomers, people in my generation are growing up. but part of it is society is changing, and it's not cool to get in the car with your family. there was a lot more sexual freedom. there was a lot of protest, the vietnam war. we wouldn't want to overestimate that but there were certain the arising of a counterculture. the idea that a vacation really was for couples instead of for

families. you couple that with the deregulation of airfares, makes it cheaper to fly, and then they gas prices in 1973, the arab oil embargo, people are waiting in long lines for gasoline. gasoline becomes expensive. when gasoline becomes expensive, the vacation becomes expensive. i think it's important to know about the family vacation because it tells us a lot about how families have changed in history. we talk about the codification that is lampooned in these movies your we always have this view nuclear family. in fact, most of the pictures show a mom, a dad and a boy and a girl. and maybe a dog your so is the ideal view of the family vacation. families are not like that anymore.

identification now might be three generations. it might be having grandma along it as a grandma i really hope that's true. it might be a married couple, a same-sex couple. not have places they can go and not be turned away. it might be an interracial couple. it might be a single mom with a bunch of kids. i think is our idea of the family have become more flexible. i hope and it seems to me the places are opening up. if you go on a vacation with your one child, to me that's a family vacation to you are creating family time. you don't have to look like ozzie and harriet to have a good family vacation. >> for more information on tvs recent visit to provo and to many other destinations on our cities to work go to c-span.org/cities tour. >> what do you do for a living?

>> i'm the ceo of -- i work with a lot of really talented publishers and editors and marketers, salespeople, finance people. everything that's involved in money, modern publishing company that is involved in bringing books to all the readers in america and around the world. >> what makes it of? >> is made up of some publishers that been around for a very long time. in this division thistle company called little, brown and company founded in 1837 in boston. another division called grand central publishing which is a publisher of commercial and mention fiction and nonfiction that's been around 35, 45 years that starred at warner books. with a children's book division. we have a christian division called faith. reverend nonfiction called hachette books. we have a region cal