was not based on religion. and the religion they mean islam. and what do they mean by bad leadership? because people are corrupt. they are stealing public funds. they're not doing what they're supposed to do. [inaudible] we don't have light. we don't have water. we don't have security. so people felt, yes -- [inaudible] go to school and forget. maybe they learn how to steal, and all they to is just to siphon public funds into their pockets. and when -- [inaudible] about boko haram. it's prohibited. haram is something forbidden in islam.

in those days from saudi arabia to china is very long distance. not just jump into airbus -- [inaudible] show the importance of thirst for knowledge. so what this meant maybe -- i'm not holding brief for them -- was the way leaders decided to run the country. and that's -- people should come and find out what this is all about. how did they become violent. what i'm here to tell you is that more muslims have died. before they were nonviolent for so many years. they were dealing with government at all levels. they are getting what they wanted to get. but when did they become violent and started killing people.

and from that time you'll find that targets have been other district heads or the village heads or the imams or anybody, or pastors, anybody that comes their way. they kill people at will. and now the military also -- [inaudible] now they also become targets. so these are things that have been going on in the last five, six years. but in the last one years, things have worn down gradually. because there's no -- [inaudible] since the new president came in most of the places have been cleared. but, of course, you still have some attacks here and there, some bombings here and there. they don't bomb only churches as is reported by usi, some threes years ago. they bomb mosques, as people say their morning prayers, and people died.

so even our president made the comment that more muslims have died from boko haram than christians. why? [inaudible] because we are all living together. some are christians, some are muslims. nothing we can do about it. and we are living together because you didn't create yourself, god created you. and god didn't ask you do you want to come as a muslim or as a christian? as a nigerian or an american? you just came into the the world. we frown at such comments that is a movement to eliminate christians. it's a fair comment which we have debunked so many times. i know we will keep on debunking until everybody else believe that one.

if you don't believe, we will keep talking about it. i've seen the data of people killed, places destroyed. you will think twice about that so-called notion that -- [inaudible] nobody has an agenda to eliminate christians in nigeria. and i keep asking people who are the leaders of islam who are planning to eliminate christians and make nigerian an islamic state. nobody could give me an answer. i met every time with all muslim leaders, and at no time have i discussed something -- at no time anybody said something even through a joke. now, who are those who are trying to make nigeria a muslim state? how many are a they? so we should not link the action of very, very few, very, very few because they have gone viability. they attack anybody. here in the u.s. you know

they've got only a gun. before anybody goes to your house to attack you, he will think twice because he knows your keeping a gun. that's not so in africa or in nigeria. st i think it's -- i refrain from making such comments because we have never even -- [inaudible] because things we don't joke about. it's not be even possible. we as muslims, we believe if god had wanted to admit all of us -- [inaudible] he would have made all of us chinese or jews or buddhists or muslims. now it's in the holy quran that one credit of -- [inaudible] so that we understand one another in a tribe of nations. tribes of nations.

in holy quran it says this -- [inaudible] so they become totally islamic state. there are a few people who, of course, you know what the target is. and we are -- against what they're doing. and i was -- a letter written to them, one that started this islamic state issue. a all the world wrote a letter to them that what you are doing is not islamic. and we give reasons why what you are doing is not islamic,what's in the holy quran and whatever it is. it's a very big letter. hello, good morning, how are you? [laughter]

if you go through the internet, you just google through, you'll see the letter. and we're trying to make people understand this fight against terrorism must be won collectively. once you have people that have a different view about what you are doing, there's mistrust. you can't win. you cannot win. and you'll continue like this unless you drop that idea of anybody be trying to eliminate christians in order to islamize anywhere. if you drop that, then you find yourself in a free mind. of course, the it's a challenge. because when you see what's happening, you'll feel bad. all of us feel bad, honestly, when we see the carnage. bomb blast victims killing in afghanistan, muslim, killing muslims, killing in syria, muslims killing muslims. so what are we talking about?

it's sunni and shia. people should look beyond their immediate environment. if you do that, you will be better informed, then you'll have a different idea, okay, let me see the if this is true. what can i dosome and we keep on seeing so many videos now that encourage us, some people talking about some of the issues, and we get encouraged. and i was telling them before i came in whyed decided to come thousands of miles away -- why i decided to come thousands of miles away. i was at usip, white house, state department. but this is a place where i'm talking to people and even -- [inaudible] even hundreds of thousands because it's being streamed, i think, live. i think c-span is also covering it which they will now use on their channel. and i think these are the

messages we keep on sending out to people especially in our position as muslim leaders of this world. because we are leading close to 19 million. it's not a small figure. but how you manage all of them, bring them together s an issue that i think is a different -- [inaudible] but i'm delighted we're doing that. we brought everybody together. we speak with one voice. so if we have 85-90% that listen to us, i think that the other 10% who don't even care can -- [inaudible] the majority wins. and a -- also walk with us to help us. because we all need the voice that believe in what we are doing and believe we are doing it right. i've had so many -- [inaudible] commending me, yes, this is the

right time, please. tell him that. and i think that's an issue that we are getting wiser. i call on all of us to be wiser. let's not allow moy developpicty myopic, let's not allow some of these -- [inaudible] very, very few. because in islam just like in christianity, you must love for your neighbor what you love for yourself. i cannot be happy when i see people being killed around world. i can't be happy. a few years back i was at a program in which i addressed all the muslim -- we call them -- [inaudible] that is what's in the christian world is called -- >> [inaudible] >> mission, evangelism.

you know? all the evangelical groups of islam, because they spread the word across the country. i just address them. and be you follow also comments there which i told them that you cannot, you must not claim to use force on anybody. you cannot. it's by your own personal baer, your actions, your utterances. for those who don't know what islam is, i would claim it only when you act positively towards that person, one is down, look after his family is and things like that. do we a favor.

if this is what islam says you should do, then i'm joining you. that's only way we can -- and i said no matter what provocation was offered to, was visited on you by anybody, don't retaliation. in this program -- [inaudible] i think the only time in which i will hit back at anybody is when you stop me as a muslim from performing my religious obligations. that's all. that is what islam says i should do. i have to defend myself. i move somewhere else or if you follow me, i have to defend myself. that's the only time. so that's what we've been doing, we're trying to tell people -- but boko haram is an organization that was formed, funded and whatever by politicians.

but other issues are not for general discussions here. but like i said, it would take a are long time -- a very long time. those who try to use or misuse youth for their false condition. period. not like a joke. [inaudible] taliban of nigeria, nothing was done. they were breaking into armories, stealing weapons. it's funny you see somebody with a doctorate degree -- [inaudible] because when i told him, look, this life is -- [inaudible] but he didn't tell them to tear their certificates. he was preaching to them on the evils of the leaders we we have

that are not doing what islam said they should do. because as muslims, we must take care of everybody. i'm a leader today, i must take care of a christian or a jew or anybody -- [inaudible] it's not his doing, it's not be my doing, but it's god's doing. and i'm going to keep on preaching to people. so boko haram is an issue that i think a lot of people did not understand, and you need to sit down and maybe i challenge usip or wilson center, invite some callers to discuss some of these issues. maybe just the violent issues affecting sub-saharan africa. but the most violent way boko haram. i used to write my report for my

government, afghanistan was at war. i covered iran, i covered iraq, all the wars of iraq. i covered those areas. and i covered saudi arabia. so i literally am in full picture and full knowledge of what transpired in these countries. with a military mind, there are ways that i get information. and i report to my government. i never thought for one second that we'll with one day -- [inaudible] is this person, a muslim, doing that for a muslim? is the mosque for christian or what? those are the issues they -- that we keep on seeing every day.

[inaudible] i can't be a muslim if i don't believe in the way he was born, by mary. there was a full chapter in the quran. so we know -- [inaudible] and if you really try to read quran, please. it's in english. you will be better, you will be more informed. honestly, you will will be more informed about what islam is. there are so many similarities. so many similarities in the way we tackle our religious obligations. yes, islam is -- [inaudible] so we hold on to it. tenaciously. and we'll continue that. anybody feels differently, so be it. motto fight you.

not to fight you. and they are talking about i think bow coe haha ram issue -- boko haram issue had been -- [inaudible] was not settled by anybody to islamize any little part of nigeria. of course, they want thatrrhea. sharia. that's nothing new. everything is islamist way of life. everything i need in my life is in the holy quran and also of the doingings and the actions and the deeds of -- [inaudible] nothing more. so -- [inaudible] like our founder of 213 years ago, he didn't create any new

religion. what the quran said for people to understand in a much simpler way. and that's why we publish the books. and we brought some for the iirt which we will leave for you, and i think it's important for us to know some of these issues. and i said earlier as religious leaders, muslim leaders in particular and the tradition alleyeders, we do a lot togethe. being the chairman of the national finish. [inaudible] all muslim, all christian. maybe some of them won't have -- [inaudible]

be we sit together and discuss issues affecting our country and discuss way forward. we don't talk about religion there. we don't talk about ethnic background. we don't. and the one i chair also there are so many christian leaders in the northern part of the country, and we all sit together. and when i came onboard as sultan, we had this very serious problem about polio. we found out so many of our children were killed by pole e owe -- [inaudible] the vaccine is another way by white people to kill our children. or to make them unproductive. and so they refused to take the vaccine. they come out with a report,

this is not true. okay. still people refused. so we picked from each of the 19 northern states, and and our -- [inaudible] on family health care. then we started going if, the first year we recorded 97% drop in polio issues in nigeria. and the world wondering what happened. not about u.n. foundation led by ted turner -- [inaudible] and from that time, from that about seven years ago, from that time we never looked back. so we're getting fundings and in collaboration with the government through the minister of health, this committee

working, we've been work around the globe, around the country to insure people accept this. and for two years now we never had a case of polio in nigeria. and by next year we'll be removed from polio countries. we're already removed from polio-endemic. countries remaining, ask, pakistan and nigeria. and you know why. there are areas in the punjab province in -- [inaudible] afghanistan, too, the same problem. when nigeria, maybe it's refusal to accept discussion. so we welcome that one. and that's what the role of -- [inaudible] and we're all both christians and muslims. so we never decided, we never discussed which don't we propossess or which ethnicity do we belong to. no.

we are all leaders working for our people. and i think -- [inaudible] should be sort of, should open our eyes at what you can do, what you can achieve if you are together. yes, religious is an individual problem. how you pray is -- [inaudible] they'll ask me, you're a leader, what did you do? be i warn him. [laughter] i ask you to pray, i ask you to trust. [inaudible] all i do is broadcast, national broadcast. i have done my job. some of the things that leadership's all about. so that's what this institution

has been doing. and my last meeting was before coming to washington was on -- [inaudible] committee i set up several years ago. and from then, we never looked back. we are dealing with successes, and with pray we'll never have any problem until next year when we are removed from polio countries and leave only pakistan and afghanistan. by support we always have from our government, because we work for government. we are stakeholders. we have governments to stabilize, to develop. we don't have any special funds or whatever. all we have is just the authority to talk to people who believe in us. nothing more. if we talk to people that listen to us and to what -- and do what

we request them to do, doing this is good for you. if you don't, nothing anybody can do about it. so try and go through the internet. you can see some of my speeches. try and get the one i delivered in october 2011 at harvard university in massachusetts. that one covered much of these things. even the way forward what we need to do as a buddy of human beings created by one creator. so some of these problems, some of them are manmade. some of them are made by

maybe -- whether they're deliberate or not some of these issues are deliberate. deliberate in the sense that for anyone to just get up and want to kill somebody -- [inaudible] i think that all of the issues we must face, why is the whole world upside down now? i will keep on saying it because there's a lot of injustice in this world. for example, let me talk about why leaders shy away from telling the truth when it comes to telling the real truth. are they afraid of being labeled anti this or anti that or just that they speak with -- they have this double speak? and in islam, you know, we know

it's very, very bad for you to fear what you don't know. is very bad. we don't allow that. islam does not allow that. therefore, we keep on telling people what we should do and what we should not do. and i think it's important for us, you know, to know whenever we have such an opportunity to talk to one another to mow know what do we really want. was i believe when you have -- because i believe when you have challenges, challenges are meant to strengthen you. nothing that will disturb you. but if you don't have a challenge, you are not fulfilled, you are not pushed by anything-- [inaudible] all of the new government came in one year, two months back.

a lot of people want a miracle to happen. all the economic problems disappear. it's not possible because have a new helmsman on the ground. and so far they are doing well that they are tackling the main problem of the country, which is corruption. people claim -- [inaudible] i'm not speaking about that. but the fight is everybody's fight. and we're totally with the government on this issue. there's no going back. let government not be even think about stopping the fight because corruption has been the main problem of nigeria. where people are supposed to use funds for certain things, you're supposed to use funds to provide infrastructure. in nigeria we don't even have electricity, and billions of dollars have been expended,

documented. in nigeria we're supposed to have equipment for our military. billions of dollars ebbs pended, documented -- expended, documented, no improvement. so what do you do?? so if we feel we are not looking into because we want to make things, we want to the change things, then i believe it's just right for anybody in -- [inaudible] to support. for the last two years, we never had so much amount of money to share because nigeria, you know, every month -- [inaudible] now based on the -- you now share two states. now, last month we had a very, very high amount to share with the state. nobody made any comment about it. nobody made a comment about it because when something good happens, nobody cared.

but you make one error, the whole world shouting -- [inaudible] i think there was one also that said that. he was a young man. the whole world is shouting finish. finish -- so i believe it's for our own good as nigerians to support government -- [inaudible] support them and encourage them. in this most cases when they do wrong, we tell them and say don't do this job. but in this job -- [inaudible] there's nothing you can do about it. so let's see how we can encourage governments to do justice. i'm talking of justice, you see things happen wrongly. now i want to talk about the palestinian issue. palestinian/israeli issue. it's a thorny issue that people don't talk about. maybe in america. but if you see bad things happening, say it.

try to remove it from the way. why is everybody saying what israel is doing to palestinians in the occupied territory? they say occupied territory by a force. and people say it is right. carry out coup -- [inaudible] so justice is something that must be foundation of all our lives as leaders. if there's no justice like i think it was kennedy who said a met to justice -- a threat to justice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. so if there is any justice anywhere, there's a problem everywhere. so we should all be part of that. i think we may be able to say justice should be the foundation of all leadership. without justice you can't go anywhere. and justice that if --

[inaudible] it should be given to anybody. of if it's against your own parents, your brothers, your friends, there must be justice. without good justice, there can't be good leadership. without the sense of society, you can't have a good world. and i think it's important for us to know that, yes, let's not try to go back to those years where people keep on fighting -- [inaudible] of somebody making a caricature, buying piece of bread and call it something, then people start saying, yeah, he's enforcing islam. i keep telling people you cannot fight for god. god is the almighty. and he's not weak. why do you have to come out and fight for god? [laughter]

somebody insulted god, so i want to fight -- no. these are some of the issues that we bring up, you know, to discuss. if you as a christian know that i as a muslim will take exception to you saying negative word -- [inaudible] don't say it. if you do, you'll annoy me. and so whatever happens, you avoid it. that does it. so you must respect my religion, i respect yours. what to you know that will make me feel bad. please don't do it. when you know i won't like it. i've been to so many movies, so many movies made in those years, nobody depicted anybody as profit mohamed. none. because they know that that those moves -- [inaudible]

some years back, what happened? all over nigeria. people got killed over that. they called for the -- [inaudible] so if you know that what you are going to do will not be subject by me, please don't do it. and and you do the same thing. sometimes -- [inaudible] we stopped that. call them by their names. call him peter or call him -- call him whatever you want to call him, but don't call him -- [inaudible] he doesn't like it. and so we are trying gradually to stop this -- there must be wisdom in what we're trying to say.

people must listen. if there are problems, listen to them. five more minutes. we will have a five more minutes before the conclude the program. before i conclude my presentation. i would like to conclude, going

and speak next without or so but i would like to thank you for listening and feel free to say anything that you feel i have not said right. i am very free to enter. into very much. [applause] >> thank you so much, your eminence, for the third thoughtful and thought-provoking remarks. and sharing and speaking from the heart. we have a few minutes here so what i would do, and please, please work with me. as you can see the room is full. each one of just 30 seconds. [laughter] >> not one minute? >> one minute. know, because i know they will go to 45 seconds. we will say you have 30 seconds. please quickly identify

yourself, ask your question or make your. i will take three comments and then we will turn the microphone over to his eminence that response that i'll take another quick round up three more questions. so let me start from the back. if that's okay. i will start with a gentleman in the back, the lady in front of him. so let's go. 30 seconds. i'm watching you. >> thank you. i work at amnesty international u.s.a. thank you very much for sharing your thoughts and wisdom with ask him your eminence. i do question about crisis, the jamaican crisis that is linked to the boko haram insurgency but also to other destabilizing violence that have hit other parts of nigeria. that are by some estimates 2 million people who are

displaced who did not have food, need humanitarian assistance, and there's perception of a lack of an adequate response both from the international community and the nigerian government. i'd like to know if your leadership of the council that you refer to has been working to try and push the nigerian government to take more effective action and if you are doing the same thing with your visit here in the united states? >> thank you very much for sharing with us. my question is about girl child education and a journey. i appreciate your comments about your dedication to improving and advocating around girls education. i also acknowledge the structural issues that you pointed out about poverty and the lifestyles that make formal education and convenient. my question is that none of the issues our unique to northern nigeria, particularly historically.

i wonder if you talk more about what some of the other issues that is made the north lacks was never behind in terms of earl education when some of those poverty issues are shared among some of the other regions. it could speak more about what are some of the other issues at how are you addressing them? thanks. >> take one more quick one. the gentleman right there, please. >> good afternoon. i work with intelligence. i want to ask you regarding the conflict in nigeria, what would you recommend that the government does about it and how would you help? thank you. >> one more. >> one more? >> yes. you. i know you. >> thank you very much. i work with the african

immigrant caucus. your highness, you mentioned that one of the things that the boko haram formers reacted to this corrupt leadership. my question then is, why at that particular time, just after the turn of the century, because without denigrating nigeria there has been corruption way before then, so why that particular time? thank you. >> thank you very much. the first issue on the humanitarian crisis i think i talked about it, the idps which were very concerned. remember during president johnson's tenure as president of nigeria, we took part in a very big elaborate fundraising ceremony to raise funds to rebuild the northern us. a lot of money in billions were realized.

a chairman was made of a fun. everybody knows that he might events billions -- might've been spending millions of the money. everyone was happy that was the chairman of the fund. out from that time till now, i think nothing was done about the suffering of these people. of recent we heard that about close to about 1000 or so children died due to malnutrition in the northeast. if you see the picture, the view was terribly bad. so many ngos are going in there including our own. we made cloth for them, thousands and thousands of pairs of clothes to wear. but the whole thing about malnutrition, which must be tackled, was a huge amount of fund. one of the nigerians i think is

in africa, during the last ramadan period, he got over 2 million to feed. this action is not the solution. the government must come in fully and take care of this problem. it's really not, i don't have that funding i don't have the position to do whatever i feel like doing. but in my own capacity with the foundation have come i can reach out to the american government, reach out to anybody a simple, this is a problem. that's what i did with so many printouts, which maybe some of you could be given. you see some of them, with his foundation. we have just brought out the true pictures of boko haram and northeast for people to see. because you're better informed when you see something. we are looking to help us, to come to our aid, at least and

the subject of these people are there hundreds of thousands are displaced, or in a very, very bad shape, let me put it that way. there are over 2 million, just an estimate, more than 2 million. some of them are in very psalms. the families that are well-to-do. this is an issue of course during the democratic crisis which will agree. if the government doesn't move fast the next couple of months things really get out of hand. i may comment in my presentation. i don't know why children are not going to school. you they are fighting against, which had even told you i have the whole report of the similar that we organized and i was a chairman. it was what we agreed to do integrals education. so first mentioned is the poverty level of the parents, and that wrong belief that girls should not go to school.

some get married at a very early page. very, very early page. even if you're married does not mean she should not go to school. the personal conflict, we have been working on this for the last six years. i set up a committee long ago -- sodomite the report was given and i personally look into what had been the cost. just a recent we open the chapter can because there's a new change of governorship, and together some people to me just about two weeks ago to look at how we would open that case up to stabilize the area, stop of his personal conflict. it's purely an economic problem. because the farmer once his food crops to come up, so if you

allow animals to go into the forms they will destroy the forms. if they start fighting, they will fight a muscleman, no. the government must find a way up to the government has started to make the moves. i know the president's tenure confers a document brought to us as religious leaders. all the governors moved to have these ranges and whatever across the areas. they were moved from molly to nigeria across to everywhere. time has changed. with this modern trend of cattle, whatever, i think we have called for conferences, i set up a committee of very highly placed leaders to discuss issues and come up with a paper to network with the government

of nigeria and other stakeholders, how we can develop this. we have said, i'm very, very optimistic. it's an issue, a matter of time but we have the strength to confront these problems. and i think that it personal conflict area is the one if you'll see me later on maybe we can discuss more. i can see madame shaking their the boko haram issue, my brother bought up, why is it not now? this issue started long, long before it even jonathan discovered. started long before even when he was president. like i told to come this voice is an idea. they are getting followers from all over the country, people who believe it and what this young man is called, and he was telling all things and they're coming.

winick of violent is when some of them got killed. nothing was done. they decide to take revenge. that's how the whole problem really started. i think it's about one hour plus to talk about this boko haram which i have so much on my interaction with so many of the key players, on both sides. so that is just the issue about boko haram. i know why you're saying this, because so many people said boko haram -- wrongly. the same jonathan who said more muslims have been killed by boko haram than christians. no, it only ended up killing people in the northeast only, mostly. and some other northern states.

innocent people have lost their lives over this. so it's not any individual. so three more. >> thank you, your eminence. me just check. we are over time and so i think what i would like, if you you want to torture said although there. here's what i might suggest we do. i know there's one question that absolutely must take but what i would like to do perhaps we could work with members of the delegation to get these questions to you, e-mail them to your office and see if you can respond, and we will continue this dialogue online. for instance, here are some of the questions that we've received from people who are not present in this room but who nonetheless would like to ask a question of you and to engage you in a discussion. first question is, could you please speak to what you are doing about violence against

women and girls, and what are you doing to bring the missing girls home? that's one question. a second question that we've received is where would all girl school relocated and wind? i believe this is a medical school you were talking about. do you note any former or current cases -- i can't read that -- leader. second question. is a two-part question for the second question is do we know any former or current leader who has benefited from the boko haram insurgency? >> i don't know. >> thank you. [laughter] >> i offered that when already. >> another question that we have is what is your view on child marriage is, and what is being done in this aspect for women's empowerment? another question that we have

received has to do with what is your perspective is on how to solve is going violence between herders and farmers, particularly in the middle belt? so that when i believe was just tackled, but these are some of the questions. i won't put you on the spot right now. i'm trying hard not to get in trouble. with your permission i will work with your office to try and get some of these questions to you so we can continue this dialogue. but there is one person who is a former u.s. ambassador to nigeria who had one question that i would like for her to ask the question. ambassador sanders? >> i know her. >> i thought you might. >> thank you. wonderful to see.

my question is still in boko haram question but what would you recommend or suggest the government do with the combatants of boko haram? i think that's one of the big challenges. how do you bring them into the conversation and how do you address them in terms of making them feel like they are part of nigeria again? >> it's a program of deradicalization. the committees are working on an others in government are also working on. those who have come out, and there are thousands, literally some of them were released from incarceration by government, by the army. and, of course, we said that the most have gone through some of the deradicalization and training. it's a very difficult thing just to keep someone in cars rated for a very long time. and, finally, -- incarcerated.

so something must have taken place and is still taking place, and we believe where we totally agree with the comment you made, it's a question and a comment depend on what we should do. it's something that yes, we are working on so that before they are released back into civilization, after so many years incarceration, they are well taken care of and they join the various communities so that it would be better citizens. some of them may be or wrongly detained. been wrongly detained gives you that room to also feel better about it. also you could say i wish i was the boko haram member. may be, who knows, if you're not treated well, if you're not dealt with properly, maybe join the boko haram again. even though they are now less, the art any sort of, they are less powerful sort of than they are before.

>> thank you, your eminence. i really, really hate to bring this discussion to a close that you have clearly touched on a number of areas are important issues that mean a lot to a lot of people, particularly nigerians, but also others who work and engage with nigeria in a variety of sectors. so please join me in thanking the sultan of sokoto for spending this afternoon with us. [applause] and for really sharing freely and openly and in a very thought-provoking way on many issues about nigeria. your eminence, we invite you back to the wilson center the next time you are in washington so we can continue this dialogue. but i also want to thank all of you for coming. there are clearly a lot of issues that came up during this presentation and in the many of

you want to ask them questions. so we will be reaching out to you, if you could send us your questions we will find a way of working with this delegation to continue this dialogue over my but also the next time that the sultan is in washington. so thank you. thank you very much. i know some of you want to grab them for a few minutes. >> lease feel free to send any question you want and i will answer directly the e-mail. i don't even do some of the documents to help you and maybe know you more. i know that so many people would ask anymore questions. i would like to add 25 more minutes. >> that was me. >> i would've thought had been answered questions. after my presentation, the professor who was there with me said okay, those are going to ask, and it was a very long line. it was much bigger than this. so many people.

i'm sorry, no more time. thank you for the time you have given me. >> thank you so much. if you don't mind, just very quickly i would like to invite our partners from the iipc as well as our partners, u.s. aid, including stephanie and brandon and came to just please. for a quick photo with the sultan. and then we will all proceed, please. so please just remain seated in a little bit because of security concerns we have to get the sultan out. we will get them out very quickly. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> this is the final day of the democratic national convention and w we will bring you a number of live event from philadelphia where it is taking place there

at 12:15 p.m. eastern politico will be hosting an event with members of congress discussing the future of the democratic party and foreign policy under hillary clinton administration. senator chris coons and congressman adam schiff will be joined by senior foreign policy advisor for the clinton campaign jake sullivan for that conversation. that will be live on c-span starting at 12:15 p.m. eastern. later today on c-span2 representatives from the clinton and sanders campaign will take part in a discussion on diversity and the democratic party. and coming up at 3:30 p.m. senator chuck schumer and "washington post" congressional reporter paul kane will talk about the democratic agenda in the 2016 election. that takes place at the city tap house in philadelphia live right here on c-span2 start at 3:30 p.m. eastern. >> tonight hillary clinton becomes the first woman to

accept a major political parties nomination for president of the united states. with c-span yet many config options for watching the entire speech without any interruptions. watch purpose historic acceptance speech live on c-span, listen on the c-span great app, watch live or on-demand on your desktop, tablet or smartphone at c-span.org. hillary clinton's historic acceptance speech tonight on c-span, the c-span great app and c-span.org. >> the deputy homeland security undersecretary for cybersecurity phyllis schneck discuss the federal government's efforts to strengthen the cybersecurity workforce. is to put an event hosted by the center for strategic and international studies. >> good morning. welcome to csis.

we are having probably the last event of the summer so i'm grateful for all come out on a particularly hot day. on the other and would not go to talk at all about the conventions so you can look on the bright side. we are going to talk about workforce and shortage and how to change that. so the schedule for today is that we live deputy undersecretary phyllis schneck who most of you know of course provide opening remarks. we would then all up with remarks from candace worley from intel security. tranfour wasn't the question a bit of a panel discussion with phyllis and others who will be introduced to you later. the study we did is interesting that was a global survey and some of the results were unexpected. you send a survey out you never know what you would get back. one of the things i didn't expect was we asked executives around the world what the things you find it as useful for building cybersecurity skills effort building a workforce.

they said three or four things which the speakers would say about but the one that stood out for me out of going to do a spoiler is they said gaming. gaming experience was useful for building the cybersecurity workforce. so those of you who played pokémon go on the way over, we have an opening for you. let me introduce our speakers. phyllis schneck as the deputy undersecretary for communications in cybersecurity in the national protection and programs directorate of dhs and she's achieve cybersecurity official for the department of homeland security but on that point to read her whole bio because it's longer than the actual report. phyllis has done so much that it's incredible. she was previously at mcafee word she was a ceo for the public global sector. she has been can't work on our commission eight years ago on

the cybersecurity. she was chairman of the board of directors for the national cyberthreat training combines which we denote which was a partnership between law enforcement and corporations. she was the chairman of the fbi episode giunta skating highlights by the way. information security top 25 women leaders in information security. i think repeatedly. and she was longer and the private sector before mcafee and, of course, a doctorate in computer science from georgia tech. nice campus. and comments set of skills. i was kidding, kansas on the way in that she needs to pastor bob l'amour. but candace is also one of the leading experts in security pictures vice president for enterprise solutions and marketing in intel security group at intel corporation.

has been both at intel a prior to that mcafee for 16 years, recognized throughout the industry, well-known speaker to many of you. tremendous abilities in predicting future trends which is one of the things i hope to talk about today. i think i will stop there and you can say more. we have two very powerful speakers to open the event and then we would go over to the panel. i think what we'll do if phyllis this time she will stay and take a few questions. if time permits. with that, phyllis, please. >> thank you. good morning. it really is honored to be a. thank you for all the many years of getting to work with you at all the work you do in this you. thank you to the audience for big i know this is your day job appreciate the fact you get 500 e-mails later to read because you here. i appreciate the effort. important topic.

many thanks to intel security for writing the report. for all thwork the dissemination of the world can see the work, to patrick arnold for many years and pakistan's a lot of work a lot of work for this interest as well as including make sure someone with private partnership meetings at the capitol had gotten set up correctly out west. finally, to candace and many of us look at as a role model. is a pleasure to be at and it's a humble experts to talk but we need so much but what is the sheer is what we have in the department, where we going and cyber and why we need such a strong pipeline going forward. we need to come to this thing with all we've got. many of you o have heard me say before the cyber adversary has no longer. how many lawyers in the room? so no offense. cyber at this rate has no laws to protect to follow nothing have to do right. they have plenty of money and all the to do is execute and

they'll have to be right once. we protect the way of life, because i visited as it intersects our electric grid, railways, water, banks and everything we do. if i can't beat it is probably that o that an elected but that means went to protect a. we have to make sure going forward it's not about blocking everything that is exactly as gibbs attempted skimming it, understood what the risks that we managed. how you can build things and i would make a world more resilient so the cyber of us are onto something and, two things happen. we removed all the so we would notice it and the of the dress and what does come in attitude and try to execute someone else's instruction on your computer make something that happened, your computer will be the event it or notice at the when it notices it it needs to to everybody else. "see something, say something." what we do is look from the cyber perspective is look at how would the technology more enjoyable. how we can keep things like consumer electronics a lot of

fun, how we can look at this explosion in internet of things as a really good thing because going forward w with to protect that technology and encourage the private sector to innovate. and private sector to make a ton of money because then you can innovate more and make better things for us in government and others to consume. my addition to our vision was the self-healing ecosystem. help the cybersecurity and the connected ecosystem work like the routing system. when you send traffic to go from machine to machine and if one machine is unavailable or sick or not working, the our protocols that were everybody of that at last he was replaced machine but nothing stops the data we have to work in cybersecurity. they made jokes at me at my going away party about what a you doing when i announced i was going into government. i was so i walked into the finest team on the planet i have

2000 of the find scientist i've ever known. i oversee all of the cybersecurity of operations so that incident response, the 21st of operations center, the billy to rip apart malware and no where came from, the work in partnership and outreach and education, and training at all taking vacations on the operation centric we work hand-in-hand with folks that are not inward directed and the law enforcement side. federal law enforcement partners, u.s. secret service, part of the department of homeland security on investigations are just part of immigration and customs enforcement and certainly our brothers and sisters in the fbi and intelligence committee. how do we do this? we need more people. i need to grow that team. part of the challenges been as a look at this, this is a top priority, a priority to my boss and is a priority to her boss. it's a top order to president obama. as you put this in the cyber through national action plan. a lot of the things were doing is looking at what can we do as

the department to make the only attractive folks to our department easier but how do we bring them on? when i first came and we looked at what other things auto team that are amazing and great. i still making that list. incredible crew. when i go out, less often than it used to be but people don't want to know what the department did in cybersecurity. number two, that no data get into government. we are trying to make it easier. one is get out and talk about what we do. we are the folks back on airplanes. airplanes. my team got an appointment with the ukraine when according many people lost their lives writer and christmas. we talked to go with all of the world. many thanks to those who participated. but how do we make sure people know what we do so if they think about working for government that can think about working for the department or other parts of our government. number two, how do we make these you? i gave a keynote to about five

people in silicon valley and somebody raised their hand and said are you trying to steal our people? i kind of that and i said you pay them four times what i can right now so if i do, i'm flattered by that, and cool. but i do want to take people. we will talk about that in a few minutes. we don't want to steal. what to create a new trend where a career and of learning from the millennials is this is the preferred way where's my grandfather worked at one company for figures and got a watch which he returned. the new careers do several different tours of duty is over to the places. we are hoping some of it will be in the government for the skills you will learn and the skills you bring back up to the private sector. we spent a lot of time with the outreach folks, one of our top experts in that we can mitigate with folks, not in cleanup and we work with the press. we want to get that 20% response and mitigation that high-energy, but this is not yesterday's

government that we people that can committee what they do that with people that are the best in the basis that are constantly learning. they go upstairs and see things you would never see anywhere else. how do we attract people with the salary differential? number one come a mission can usually draw i've enhanced answer to this extent i've ever had in my field. you get to see and do things and effect change and do positive things in ways you would never have imagined. one of the first things i realized was asked they start to show me things how much of it does that somebody like me never had to know about it. how do we show that? the department is look at several different things. wednesday streamline the hiring process. the are things we can't control. how long it takes to get a clear and/or how long it takes to go through some of the other guiding processes. there are things we can control or management end of the part of the department of homeland security as is the secret service or the tsa, please but i

think of the job is hard. management runs for us the financials and the way our department runs. many important functions are there. with are doing is saying what of the processes and hiring we can make faster for you? youquick for example, if there's a long queue moving somebody passed somebody that for some reason is not going to advance in the queue quickly, finding ways and automated processes to move those people forward. tracking people. i met a couple key hires when they came in. i believe it or not both of those people were already in government. i called them every couple of weeks to make sure that they knew we're so interested. even though the process takes a long time on some of the clerks side, making sure we get some customer service just like h.r. and the company we do. reaching out. also making it faster, streamline some the processes, automating some of the processes. things like a temporary job offer, today and tomorrow we are

having a big job hard for downtown at the army. will be able to hire people on site. assuming that has all the backgrounds and clearances we can bring in. we are looking at ways to say for your first few weeks on the job when you may not be declared, can we do some concurrent processing, no need for security process to process your insurance forms and figure where the offices. as look at the transformation, that's a word we use for really changing the national protection and programs directed in one key way. making sure our teams focus on the cyber response at our team so focus on the physical response haven't org chart. so combining the cyber economic side, report on this two years ago, but looking at would respond such as the ukraine convenient folks who understand keep 60 gig on both sides of the grid.

you also need the folks understand the ip protocol to pick up what monitoring systems went wrong. make sure we bring our cyber and real-world systems together a more efficient way. as we do that we're hoping to attract people to suggest that something i want to do. i see an application for cybersecurity beyond the purely technical data hear about in the news. icy waters on which today goes into the actual way of life. we are looking at how the finest of this great report i could help us influence how we do hiring, talk to people. the are some great grass in the report. one shows how people focusing care most about promotion and training. as look at how do we show people the career path? wheone of things i did when i ce in i delivered hired executive work for me to our technical. i discovered my top skilled people respected him more. in which we agree that you have to focus no on showing those top

skilled people, the cyber ninjas as a golden. there's a career path for you that does require you to decide i going to management and leadership or i stay tactical. you should never have to make that choice. you should be able to do what you do best and going to leadership so you can lead others. we are looking on focus on areas on cybersecurity spending for education programs to look at the dynamics of are actually by the anything that can eliminate for us and for our employees how to make government metal more attractive place to go but again an easy place to understand how to come into. our federal work force, we have rodney petersen who's running a nice program, looks at training and i'll have rodney talk more about that but you can look at current cyber professionals, people with and ip backgrounds. and we want to bring that in.

helping some of the veterans programs to either target the folks into the cybersecurity part of government as well. there's a great program with an ice unsolicited investigations that teaches wounded veteran cybersecurity. i got to meet some of that a graduate class with her ski skig back in 2013 and these are amazing, smart people to return to bring it more and more of this mind share. we are currently recruiting the you all know u.s.a..gov that jobs but also offer the hiring for is a more direct way of so because you meet our people right on site today. to me a lot of the folks doing the hiring and they can get temporary job offers for folks who coming today. we have a cyber shoot internship program but i've met a lot of high school students, show the our operation center so we found ways to bring students in. you can imagine what it might be like to clear up 30-18 euros into classified operating center. i credit my team without one.

enabling folks that are taken and young women who have taken else some other not nerds to learn how to write computer code. they are cool. they just want to do something that does the things inside technical and they're really smart. how do we show them that world in a way that never seen before but whether secretaries on a program which is very, very competitive for entry-level professionals that coming. we do a lot of work in helping people on career path how would you aim at every different part of your career, what do you want to do, focus on the bounty and towards some with towards executive services. we do a lot of mentoring with employers and employees and how cado we help them get to those right places. one of the first times i realized how much students like it and how much people light up when they go see what's going on the inside and i'll submit it was right after a brief our new secretary back in the winter of 2013. after he got the briefing on

where we're going to go over the next few years, he said where did you go to school? i.c.e. georgia tech. i could realize one of his staffers told me he didn't like powerpoint. we went to the ends of the earth. we didn't have a lot of choices to get markers and paper. i did not at the time that he did like powerpoint a summit was mistaken and he thought it was utterly ridiculous that his highest tech people riding in magic marker. but he said, georgia tech, okay go i want to go down and meet where you came from. he planned a day where he also gave a big speech at morehouse, his alma mater in atlanta. they welcomed a new president and we visited the school. i must've talked about when it students, was able to bring in our cabinet secretary of the department who enjoy every moment of seeing the research project on meeting the students, ask me about the google last one gentleman was worried that another judgment came up and bragged he was a good going upriver. this is fun.

i get a lot of explaining in the car on the way back. but it was good to also to wath the students say this really goes on in government and government came in and these people pretty much given just wanted to talk to us and see what we do and hang out. they are not all stocky instead, he'll. the students had a very good done. at that point we realize we need to find a way to attract these people. all the students i met with were very interested in coming to see how we could be a part of their career path forward or research path forward. at that point i didn't have a good and just that we would bring in. we have a much, much better answer and the support will help us as a society figure out how to build a bridge between government and private sector. the end i am wearing the second to give me last week, two weeks ago when we failed a discussion about hiring the workforce and liking it and why he came to government. it really does remind me and that's why weren't any of his commitment and my bosses

commitment to making sure that we get the absolute best and the brightest. we do some amazing work. there's nothing my team can't do. there's no adversary they can't figure out the team just isn't big enough to i want to get the best of their favorite brightest. will make the job a lot of fun. that goes into a special program that my boss worked on with chris young of into. her thought and his thought was what do we do to do a joint program between private sector and government that enables people to get the financial benefit of working in the private sector, innovate, build and understand imports of building and shaping a market. out of the also let them have this experience in government and see things they had never seen before? being in our shop makes your skills the sharpest trained juvenile don't need to sleep. that's overrated. but you'll constantly run, council of excited and to come out of that shop the sort sharp

shooter been. how can we give you the skills to young students can let them transfer the over to the private sector's we do a tour of duty in government, through good and private sector and go back and forth with a couple really good options. one is we've got a way to pay for the education in return for the service to government. we would figure out a way to help them in a caree career patt would be mentors and guided by both the government and the private sector. we would build on the success of the program that we got a lot of good results from called scholarship for service that we call fund with the national science foundation. there must be 1000 students that come to that vendor. they listen to our talk before the foods i know their interests. but they always come to us and said to want to come to teach us to come back and said i want to come back. we want to build on the success and say can you build programs that let typical between the government and private sector. our management director calls this a passport.

if you just go and out. how do we build that professional so we have a new way, a new career path that is high impact, highly promotional and enables people to if we do it right, making the most money when kids go to college, so it's not a financial issue but you see the best of industry, the best of government and you can bring the best of both to each world. want other things we're doing inside dhs is we found a way with authorities to use direct hire. if you want a cybersecurity jump into a good we can hire you without you going to the website process. we have folks on the team have put together i would say very quickly with the call cyber pay and incentive pay. the people of the team that meet certain criteria got more money. we've been giving out bonuses to people to make sure they feel that a career path. it's a great way as you know to show appreciation. when we have coffee and cookies

and office that's because somebody off impartially. we have no real way to show appreciation but we can try to do this with our cyber pay, it's a debate. we've had very good results from that. i'm very excited about what they're putting together i think it's a kind of breaking groundbreaking kind of move when you change a computer. you create more people like candace and you get the government experience and private sector experience and let them bring both to each other i think that will create along with more diversity, a very big, if you look at our adversary its global. all of us, all countries have the global adversary. that's the first the if we address that with one demographic of one gender of one kind of person we are at a disadvantage. i like to make my kids as diverse as possible. if we focus on that, we will cause a lot of pain to a very large adversary. so thank you very much to csis,

to jim, to all who wrote this great report. [applause] >> spent so candace is cool but i was talking to her before the event and i'm eager to hear which she has to say. but before phyllis sits down, the average lifespan of a political appointee in the federal government, 18 months. that means half of the lead after 18 months. how long have you been there? >> three years is september. >> so you are doing double the average. it's a tremendous sacrifice especially for someone like phyllis. so let's get for another round of applause. [applause] >> thank you. i work with great people but it is truly enjoyable, so thank you. >> it's a difficult job and is a lot of sacrifice, so thank you. candace, do you want to come up?

>> thank you. as the previous folks said, thank you for coming today. i also want to thank phyllis. she and i worked closely together which is with mcafee, and having known her skills and capabilities i just want to say i'm thrilled to death she i is a public service and she's involved in cybersecurity at a federal level. frankly, i sleep better at night that because i have incredible admiration and respect for capabilities and you should all be thankful she is the conditional and is is helping us keep this country safe. i also want to thank csis for the great work they've done with us. they been a longtime collaboration partner with us. we work with them on a number of reports that we have created and i think this latest went around the talent gap is actually a board and it's very relevant to where we at what you as a market. there's been a lot of talk for the last couple of years around

we have a talent shortage. i think part of why we decided to do that support is due put that question to bed. i think many of the customers that we work with the company of agencies will work with you if there's a talent shortage because the difficult building the roles the open. we decided we wanted to put an exclamation point at the end of that sentence and say that is absolutely a talent shortage. 82% of respondents others report concurred that have actually difficult time filling the roles in their organizations at every cybersecurity talent gap in terms of capabilities and knowledge and being able to get the right folks into their organization. there's through significant implications to that. when you have positions that are not filled in your cybersecurity organization, in all probability of either the people you have on staff are working 24 hours a day which means they're headed for

burnout or they're probably not quite as alert the next what is the might of been good night's sleep. it also means they're probably thinks not getting done. when you have open positions, you're probably going to look at the things that are least critical, not that they're not critical, least critical of those be the things that get traded off. you can't ignore an incident that has occurred you have to do the incident response. you can't ignore potential breach that you suspect may have occurred. but you might delay that patching of the operating system or the application. delay a patch is an incredible gift to the hacking community because it is a private way they used to get into an organization and penetrate the ecosystem or the network. the talent shortage is, in fact, putting or stationed in companies that greater risk. in the sugar with about 71% of

the survey respondents felt that the inability get the right talent and find how to fill the role is, in fact, increasing their security risk as an organization. many of them reported lost update as one of the potential risks o company can secure its t also has a reputation implications i for the agency or the corporation. that gets into the press, gets to the customers that has been abridged and have a lack of trust in that organization from a security perspective. there are significant implications when you're unable to a full staff that's doing that everything from i call the janitorial of security, patching and updating, upgrading the current applications to a later version, all the way to respond to critical incidents, making sure that your network is as impenetrable as possible. there's a serious implications.

i personally thought was the interesting things was 50% of responders require a technical degree. a degree in computer science or mathematics. having been in this for 16 years without a technical degree, i found that a rather interesting statistic because i've had a fairly good and long career in this industry despite the fact i didn't get a computer science degree. i have a management degree with a minor in theatre signed. there's a lot of psychology when it comes to hacking and penetrating organizations. so as i look at that degree i also noted that what companies were saying or survey respondent were staying although they want that technical degree there to a three things that were more important to them than technical degree. one was we'll work experience. the other was professional certifications at the third was things like hacking competitions. so although the required most of

them required a technical degree, it was a third priority for the insurance of looking at a candidate to determine whether not there with the best for the job. things like that professional experience can hacking competition, professionals with tensions they ranked more important. had an interesting dichotomy. i've wanted a technical degree but if you don't have experience or hacking competition, professional certificates, maybe you fall further down by recruitment list. so kind of interesting so specific and out of the survey. i think especially since were in washington any of you are involved with kind of government agencies, respondents felt universal across the globe that governments could be doing more, but they were not doing enough to help build the cybersecurity talent final. that government could play a more active role. intel security is being very

proactive in terms of trying to work in partnership with governments as well as with some of our customers and with other vendors in the industry to try to figure out how do we solve this problem and build the security council i plan. we work with a number of universities, some of the government agencies in putting together programs that will help to try to drive that high point development. i think we are also doing things at a very young age. we have a program where we have a set of materials that our employees can volunteer to use, go out to the local schools and teach online security to elementary students, junior high student at high school students. i have not had the courage to go to hig high school and teach itt because oftentimes those guys aren't educated on security, on computers as most of the folks in our organization. but that elementary school and junior high, and am aware of it

aside as an issue, being online is an issue and they need to be concerned starts to plant that seed in the mind that computers are more than a gaming console, more than social chat. that there are implications to being online. and hopefully planting those seeds when they get to high school and college we can have a discussion about cybersecurity as a career. i spoke with a group of women at new york's polytechnic institute and they were trying to get more women to go into the cybersecurity program. one of the things i told of his this is a group we don't just go to work every day. he did good work and be a hero and a warrior and a caretaker and a teacher. this is a career where you play a number of personas because the industry itself that are able to respond to the hackers may be the. when you make incident happened just a custom on the phone having a meltdown because the reputation of the country and their personal career are at

risk of you turned into a caretaker pretty darn quickly. this is an industry where as we're talking to young folks about entering this space doesn't opportunity to create this persona in the mind to make it feel like it's not just about sitting at a keyboard. so i think we have an incredible opportunity as an industry and partner with government, and partner with our comrades in the security space and with private industry to work on solutions to build the talent pipeline. i'mexcited about working on this program and helping drive this initiative forward. hopefully will enjoy this report can hopefully find it useful. thank you again very much for coming today. [applause] >> is until we have time for a few questions. i think we have microphones in the back. if you have a question, holed up your hands. i will start by saying there's two things combined to questions

actually. the first question is, and is for both of you. you have a mic, you have to come up. how have you seen the workforce change in the time since you have been in cybersecurity? it's different about it now than it was when than it was when they both came in a few years ago? >> i planned to mention this effort. i work with a lot of people who don't have a technical degree or many times a degree at all. i've worked with astronomy majors, geography majors, anthropology majors who were coders, writing code, developing basically secured application. incredibly talented, committed, passionate people who simply had created a hobby of computer programming. they turned that into a career. i think over time, as i think the report kind of indicated

that whole degree in computer science kind of became more important because those are people that i knew very early in my time with mcafee. allies look back just five or 10 years ago, having that degree has become such a critical part of hiring someone. i think maybe it overshadowed a bit all of the great talent that's out there that is gained their skill set through alternate means. i think there's been an evolution of that. there's been an evolution of the attacker. as i think about the attacker when i first started, there were script kiddies, the technical term for them way back in the 18 18-year-olds sitting in the basement trying to get their piece of mouth or on the page of a newspaper somewhere. ..

>> my husband and my brother and my children. gaming takes massive deductive reasoning and the ability to see multiple things going on at the same time and determine which are most important for them to take action on. we joke about gaming, but yet when you think about it takes to play some of those games, it's incredibly difficult, multi- taxi-- testing, reasoning, have to be quick at making decisions and when you think about what you have to do in a cyber security field, a lot of the skill sets apply and i think it's an untapped talent pool

that we have to encourage those kids who love to game to consider the field. >> may be the next study should be on gaming. [inaudible] >> when i started this, griffin technology and my father was a technologist from nasa. i grew up around computers and to me this is where the cool factor was, but i soon realized i was probably the only girl that can write computer code and i recall my college kasei roommate who to this day is my best friend, she came to see me writing code at some ungodly hour in the night at the lab, but it's not about writing thousands of lines of code in managing firewall. is beyond that. the spectrum of what you need to be in this field. first and foremost, you want to look out how this bill has

changed, our deputy secretary went to death, ended the keynote last year. i watched him assuming it would be awesome or a career moving event and he was incredible and stole the stage because he said we need to work with you and i'm here to partner and we are bringing a hacker resident and that doesn't mean someone that we think will hurt government, but someone from that crowd of that team with those amazing skills opening the doors to what has been previously perceived as government same this is another team comic team of people that have a different mission in different access to this things, but we want to work with you and there's a whole spectrum of skills we need. i did a speech at john hopkins recently and i tell people you have highly technical skills and could cannot build the next great widget. please learn to communicate. i learned a lot of this from tom --

[inaudible] >> you have to learn to speak non- klingon. you may understand how the malware works in all of the cool words, but no one else among the decision makers who you have pics when this to does, so-- [inaudible] >> or you find yourself in a meeting or you are at the table and you are the person and you have to convey what happens in a normal language. the second skill i think you need is to understand how to build teams. you can be the smartest person in the room, but if you can't work with everyone around you and if you can't work together in some way it won't work, so the gaming skills, i think, and people skills need to come together with the hard-core tech and that's a lot of how it's changed. >> a footnote, australia's survey form has a space bar you can fill in your ethnic group

and allows you to fill in what you want, so .5000 australians on the last survey filled in that they were klingon, so there is a market, not the us, but maybe building on something that says i was thinking about-- i was on a panel in the naval academy and had to admirals and a general. they were all women. i got to talk to the head of a navy-- navy cyber command, a three-star admiral and when you think about dhs, the two top leaders are phyllis and suzanne and when you think about the workplace looks really different, but you can tell us from sort of a long-term perspective what is it like for women now, how is it changed and how do we get more women in this workforce? >> my philosophy on that is that i went to be hired because i'm the best person for the job and

i want to hire people that are the best people for the job and i don't care if they are female or klingon. the fact that this industry has afforded me an incredible career , i'm very grateful for that. it has been an amazing company to work for. i started as a product manager for the antivirus product and in-depth running the largest businesses in security, so high tech in general specifically has been incredibly good to me. i don't together is good to because i was a woman. was good to me because i was capable and because i met my commitment. when i talk to young women i say like focus on doing the best job that you can. be excellent and whatever you aspire to be and you will move us forward in your career and if you work for an organization or a company where that does not happen, leave. there are thousands of other companies out there who would be

thrilled to have you if you are excellent at what you do. now, still to this day i am often may be the only woman in a room or the only one of two women in a room. who cares? like imagm in the room. i made vp of marketing in the room, a product manager in the room and i went in to see me in that role, just like i see them in that role that they have, regardless. so, i think being a women in this industry is a great industry because often times i work for companies who didn't see that as an issue let alone kind of cnet and very okay with that. i want to be seen as what i want how good i am at it and i think as long as you focus on the-- that i think there are few places in the world that you want to do well. >> thank you.

>> once again i agree with candace. you talk to high school girls and is sometimes hard because for them to get across that catalyst if you will of okay will i pursue this as a field because it's not what my friends are doing, but i think society is changing somewhat as traditions are changing and for me i have a little niece-- a couple nieces, but one is to have and she has not gotten to cyber quite yet, but the other one was to be a fireman when dan a doctor the next and she has no limits in a culture is changing on its own. and they don't see-- >> the other parties that we need to talk to young women, unlike if you are the only women in the room then you are definitely the best women in the room and often times you can be the best in the room regardless of how many women or men because you are generally more motivated to prove your ability as a result of being the only women

there like you often feel like you have to work harder and be better, so that people recognize that you are outstanding in your job. i think for a young woman to go like wow, i can be the best and i can stand out because i may be the only one like me, that's a great selling two will. in high school you want to be like everyone else and that's always a challenge, but as you get past that and into college and in your career, that can be pretty awesome. >> just like sports. many years ago there was not a girls volleyball team are girls softball. i will say i saw the industry change a few years ago-- [inaudible] >> we want the best and the brightest and i don't care if that's a fit. we went to see what you can do or how you build into the team, which you can bring, how you can use your skills.

i think the focus on women is that obvious culturally and when i have gone overseas it's difficult government to government discussion and in many cases the women are in the back taking notes and it would be my boss and me at the table and people would look at you like what are you doing here. it you get over it. i think it's fun and you stare them and i and you proceed and you work your meeting and you produce. that's the key. >> i have to ask one more that kind of built that this discussion, so both of you have been in the geek world for a while and when you think of the key world as lessee in the '90s and your image of a geek, it was usually a guy, how has the increase in women in the workforce changed geek culture

and this has implications for improvement, but what is different about being a geek now than say 20 years ago? >> absolutely nothing. absolutely nothing. we decided to let our cybernet just wear jeans to work. the pictures government is everyone is wearing a suit. no, we won our folks to be comfortable and feel like they are in a technical team, so we decided we would let them wear jeans and i remember it ended up requiring a memo. i was new to government and i went to the under secretary and said, it's the process. we will do the process and follow the right way and i think it will all work out. and i were ripped jeans to the meeting to discuss it because my point to someone else in the room that opposed it is will you respect me in this room any less because i'm dressed like a geek today than you would if i was wearing something very nice because the guys that-- and ladies that we focus on that we

meet in a time of crisis, everything you see on the news large has been handled before comes on the news and that's by that team and others across government and private sectors and i don't think they need to wear three-piece suits to do it. we want them to be comfortable and have the skills and i'm not allergic to pizza. i walk upstairs to get candy and a big crises. being a geek is no different, but i just think it's cool now. >> i think the other difference is there is one difference and that is so many of the incidents are high-profile. like when i first started you had read and a few attacks that were pretty high-profile, but now when an attack occurs the people who understand the attack need to be able to communicate and i had engineers who were brilliant that i worked with that i probably wouldn't put them in from a customer because they just say what they think and although, it's accurate

technically it may not be the best thing to say to a person under extreme stress in crisis. because they are a little sensitive during those times and so i think one of the things we have seen is that the more technical people that we have in the organization that have a probability of meeting in from the press any part of our customers, building a communication skill set i think is much more important today than it was in the early 2000's because it is more often as someone who is highly technical may have to go in front of the board. you are not going to put someone without communication skills in front of the board, generally. you won't put them in front of the press, so i think in addition to the geek technical skills and big geek speak, which i agree, you can still find candy wrappers and coke cans of a garbage can the end of the day, but the skill that i have seen changes many of those

highly technical individuals have had to up their communication game because they are called upon to do outbound discussions much more often now given the high-profile nature of the attacks. >> do we have questions in the audience? we have one in the front and one in the back. >> i'm with the council of scientific society president. we face a lot of the same issues in terms of getting in recruiting for good people. there are two things that i'm interested in. one is, if you're going to be training people for a job you will be shortchanging them because if you educate them for you, it's together area of knowledge and they learn all of the thinking skills as they go along for a long. of time they can then amplify and go forward more easily. so, i'm worried about any of these programs that look to be

shortchanging in that sense. secondly, you keep saying you have to be an interpreter to the people in the room. why can't those people be like you instead of you having to interpret to them? why can't they be like the head of the department of energy? >> i could spend an hour, but i will spend a minute and thank you. two canvases-- candace's point, i think on the comedic haitian-- it's very important to get the point out as some people are very good at that some people are highly technical and there are some people that have absolutely no interest in speaking publicly orcs many things and you don't want to force a skill set. i believe people are most productive when they do they love doing, so if you have the scientists that have no desire to go and speak to the general public, we need other people

that can speak and i have learned that this both in corporate and government in terms of breathing styles. you to sometimes have 30 seconds to convey what happened overnight and it could be a widescale attack to a secretary or a deputy secretary that's going to have a microphone in their face minutes and have to and they are smart and they will get it, but you have to give it to them anyway that has depth and impact and i think that only comes with practice and there are certain people that just don't enjoy that, so we don't force it. there are plenty of people that are like candace and me and jim and others in here that can do both and there are others that prefer to stay with the media side into a next line job of its many things and they have to know what's going on to translate it and there is the other end of the spectrum that would prefer to not have to deal with this. it's what you like. that's my opinion that's how we run and i like people to focus

on what they enjoy most and that in which they will excel the most. to your other question and i concern-- i understand it's a real point, so if you're not going to spend a long time in one place i think what you are asking is how do you get the skill set that can help you grow. i think as the program was designed they will look at that. a lot of the hard-core technical skills-- and having been in both , you would need in the department or a hard-core security company the skills are the same. the understanding of how marketing engines and research and development engines and budgets and quarters and revenues and shareholders drive one side and the other side, the one side is doing it for the money so they can innovate more into it for the money and keep people happy with the money, but often thinks come out. on the other side we do a mission and the money for my site right now is fuel. i go to the hill and asked for money so we can do our mission, the hard-core you are generating

as a scientific level is not so different, but the skills of understanding how to drive a company or how to help a government and its citizens and global partners, those are the very different skills and i think you need both scenic i probably would not say anything different. i agree. problem-solving, understanding financials, communication skills are transferable regardless of the security industry, financial specter or government agency, whatever. those four sets of skills translate. computer science skills, writing code translates whether you are working for a secured company or working for a banking company writing applications for their internal systems. i think many of the skills that you need in this industry does translate. even if we look at say the hacking competition or wargames skills that you might develop as part of a program, you are going

to develop reasoning capability. you are going to create a better set of problem-solving skills. i can't think of a single job where better problem-solving and inductive reasoning would it be an incredibly great set of assets to have, so i think that we say there are cyber security programs because we will look at those training programs through that lens. 85, 90% of what you get out of those programs would be translatable to a different industry. >> we had one in the back. >> i don't need that one. >> you do to get it recorded. >> okay. i apologize to the people in front of me. reported years ago had a recommendation in there that curriculum needed to be modified especially and engineering disciplines where that is where the next generation of industrial control systems are coming out and you have more cyber security knowledge in their. in this study when you're

looking at the gaps or technology's better out there and looking at ways of how do we get to the people with the skills, did you guys see a lot of increaser progress made in getting cyber security knowledge incorporated into the various disciplines and curriculum out there so that the devices that we buy for the infrastructure are embedded with cyber security rather than what is now basically a bolt on add-on? >> i think writing secure code, there's been an increased focus on that and curriculum because i think you can't very well covered without secure code nowadays. in the past we worked with universities around a piloted curriculum for cyber security. that was a pilot we did a couple of years ago with a couple universities on the west coast and it was interesting, those classes filled up in 15 minutes.

in talking to the dean of one of the schools he said it was like a rock concert. literally there was a lot a line around the block with kids wanting that curriculum. so, there is demand in universities for that curriculum in the content by students. i think it's incumbent upon security industry and government to work more closer with education to build that out, so i think there is been baby steps in the direction. i don't think we are as far as we need to be and so i think that's a lot of some of the discussion that we have been having and those at the corporate level as well as with those organizations to try to accelerate out of it. in terms of like building for industry and that kind of stuff i think that will be accommodation both getting that into curriculum, getting the mindset of students coming out of computer science degrees to think about how do i design with security, but it's also incumbent on corporations that are building those devices to

make a priority to develop the architecture with security in mind and manufacture some level of security capability into the industrial control or whatever that device is from the get-go. adding it after 30 shipped is very difficult. building it in upfront, so can be managed by system after the fact, much much better. so, it will be accommodation industry and education work. >> mike, i will embarrass you by pointing out that i have known you for how many years and thank you for that question. there is a whole side of the systems that is not typical cyber security and not the protocol, so how do we bring those teams together to look at the light flashes often on? how to we bring those teams together with the guys that are running ip protocol and standard internet speak to monitor this stuff and one of the areas you look at a lot is our control

system. i will do a seamless plug for this team. 's ics industrial control system, the systems that run your electric grid or your water or your lights or your energy or natural gas. looking at those systems that are controlled by electronic signals where they control mechanical functions and it's this area is a lot of the reason we're reorganizing our field response to natural perspectives and trying to rename or so-- [inaudible] >> that shows the real mission and takes what mike is saying in these devices that are dictating and running and enabling our world and shows their connection to cyber, but brings it together and so some of the talent in that industrial control system response team, that talent is where we have to build, i think. again, that's part of where we want to add those rock stars that we are focusing because

those systems are pre-uniform across the different structures, water, gas, oil, electric etc., but the teat-- key is working with manufacturers to make a more secure and working with the operators to please not use the passwords that came on the package when you monitor them over the internet. we monitor this toy four/seven. there are tens thousands exposed we have gone out in campaigns saying if you own or operate one of these systems your own, so let's look at that from a risk management consequence. at what level will we put what level security, not a five-- was how we assess although this from the technical to the cyber actual ip protocol side and in many ways for the risk management corporate side.

>> well, both candace and phyllis have day jobs. you may have suspected that and we're fortunate that candace will stay for the panel discussion. her comments have been great, but phyllis for some reason feels she needs to get back to work please join me in thanking our two speakers. ,. [applause]. >> can asked the panelists to come up.

.. we are going to dig a bit deeper into these dimensions and examined international approaches to cybersecurity workforce development. so without further ado let me introduce the panel. we've already met candace in her opening remarks and have heard how cool she is. the next we have rodney peters

petersen, director of the national initiative for cybersecurity education at the national institute for standards and technology. koosman strecker and senior government relations officer or a found and directed the cybersecurity initiative. next we have a nine, chief cybersecurity officer at cybervista where she lived product development and education and training curricula as well as workforce initiative for executives, cyber practitioners and continuing education. praises issues a senior associate at booz hamilton. last we have tried one, director of cyber cooperation at the embassy of israel. in this capacity mr. becker joint reserves the israeli national cyber bureau in the office of the prime minister. mr. becker leads the bilateral engagement between israel and the u.s. in the cyber realm.

so to jump right in one of the findings from the survey was only 23% of respondents said traditional bachelor's degrees or preparing students for a career in the cybersecurity. our traditional degrees no longer the best investment for people wanting to enter this field? how can we improve the quality of our cybersecurity? >> thank you. it's an excellent question. first wanted to csis for the study and report. one of the things that strikes me in the introduction is the shortfall leading to critical for builders to companies and nations. that vulnerability really implies it's a part we don't talk enough about. we talk about technical medication, processes and other software designed, system vulnerabilities but the human element is a critical part of risk management. later in the report you said 97%