so to jump right in one of the findings from the survey was only 23% of respondents said traditional bachelor's degrees or preparing students for a career in the cybersecurity. our traditional degrees no longer the best investment for people wanting to enter this field? how can we improve the quality of our cybersecurity? >> thank you. it's an excellent question. first wanted to csis for the study and report. one of the things that strikes me in the introduction is the shortfall leading to critical for builders to companies and nations. that vulnerability really implies it's a part we don't talk enough about. we talk about technical medication, processes and other software designed, system vulnerabilities but the human element is a critical part of risk management. later in the report you said 97% of boards are aware of

cybersecurity as an issue so i hope this report and the work we are doing at the national initiative for cybersecurity education will raise awareness urgency run workforce as part of risk management. specifically to your question about the quantity and quality of what education is producing for cybersecurity workforce, we recognize that as a concern, a challenge and an opportunity that the nice program is built a strategic plan that identifies a few goals but one is focused on nurturing a diverse learning community. the first thing i would say if they traditional pipeline most of us are familiar with students going through k-12 schools and universities have been to the employer is not the only pathway to give you any cybersecurity. it's an important pathway and a long-term pathway that we want to invest in and improve upon but there are other pathways including the fact a lot of cybersecurity professionals could change jobs midcareer and

already have a bachelors degree in the field like psychology and want to get some skills and training whether it's through a training certification program or through a community college degree nondegree program. are of the goal in our strategy is not only nurture this diverse workforce but to accelerate learning and skills development. the final pathway is to recognize that the training and education and skills development happening in our high schools and community colleges, training certification providers are as much fun as what happens in a traditional university setting. i think we need to think more broadly about that diverse learning community and not focus on the traditional pipeline that would be an important long-term solution but not the only solution. three things i would say about improving the quality is to make sure it simpler driven. the way to close the gap between employers and satisfaction and what education and training providers are producing is more conversation, more alignment

between the two so that educational institutions, training providers are producing what employers need. the second thing is what the report references is to more hands-on learning, more actual learning through doing as opposed to just the knowledge or lectures if you will. the combination i think we'll increase the close that gap as a third thing, the way to bring employers and education providers together. if you're not familiar there's a national cybersecurity workforce framework referred to as a nice workforce framework that creates that standard, the way to get employers and training provided to think toward come. if we can focus on what we have in common, common vision and goals we can make progress both in quantity as well as quality. >> and so these three initiatives in talk about cybersecurity, the skills and education, is this a unique field in terms of how challenging it is to train and develop the workforce?

>> i do think it's unique in some perspectives and there's a number of reasons for that. like rodney said one of the interesting points i found in the report was about 9% of top universities currently offer in the u.s. a cybersecurity major or minor program. with in the grand scheme of university programs is a small number. the question is not only where is that pipeline coming from but how long can we wait to get them to the point they would be ready and willing and capable participants in the workforce it is a significant amount of time. for that reason you need to look to alternative methods whether through continuing education, certification programs. one of the reasons among many that's a difficult is cybersecurity in many ways is a very hard to plan to i to put your finger on what does that skills that require. it's a multidisciplinary field. the are a number of disciplines

that you can specialize in what you like to go into cybersecurity. that's one of the things that makes the field so wonderful. you can have an analytic or psychology degree and apply that in cybersecurity but you can be in forensics or malware analysis and provide technical skills. it makes it difficult to create a pipeline or programs that can address all of those different disciplines and. another reason it's been challenging is that the field relatively speaking is new. i don't mean new end of the since it hasn't been around or hasn't been an issue that's been addressed since the advent of our more connected world but as far as the profiles received and tthe amount of people that you explore this as a career field is really fairly recent. to be able to develop programs to catch up to that we are playing catch-up. that's one of the reasons that at cybervista i say we are kind

of like the unsexy side of cyber because we are the education folks. we want to help people retool those skill sets. if universities are not going to programs and failed in a period of that will address that need, and we need to have some gap fillers. we need to address the workforce where you can transition people from one career field that in an adjacent area into the cybersecurity field. as an example there's a 9% premium on salaries for i.t. professionals going into cybersecurity. to be able to take additional skill set and give people enough credentials or certifications whether it's some of the skill set, to be able to get a clear, clearance, those are the types of things we need to look at now in addition to higher education. >> i want to touch in your point about creating different programs to address all the different disciplines and may be as good israel's experience. could you speak but israel's approach to leveraging, to

leveraging nontraditional sources of education and training with military service and how israel is going to cybersecurity workforce? >> sure. we are taking cyber very socially. we understand this is something that will change even in the future of our state. about five years ago we had a big shift in the way the government is dealing with cyber in israel, building the organization, within the government but part of it is understand how important is the phase in high school students decision. and what their thinking about this and how they are missing for the first time, not through just gave me as we spoke earlier which is very important that also three different programs. currently we have a five year plan and the government is

currently funding $100 billion which in israeli terms is a lot of money -- billion. million. part of the curriculum in high school and towards the end of the high school, including in the curriculum exams. part of it is to take very interesting challenge, to ask students to participate in afterschool programs, not part of their official curriculums, and different areas of israel and we found there is a big demand for the. we promote this program about two years ago when currently we have almost a thousand people each year that are participating in that program. it's important not just for the decision regarding what strategy at the university in israel,

also very important for the part of the military service which is compulsory service since the phone at the state of israel thawehave a compulsory service. i believe we would like not to have it but this is a necessity in our neighborhood. presently we understand we need to find the most talented people to be part of those units and those programs help us to find those people through competitions but also through just anticipating in those programs. i'm talking about the military, talking but every year, every point in the initial at the age of 18 starting their military service. some of them are going to technological you do. after usually two years for girls and three years for boys but if they choose to be part of the technological unit, it's the same amount of your for boys and girls by the way, and is between four to five. after 45 years they are

finishing their military service and now in the public or private sector. some of them are starting at university immediately after that and graduate in computer science and other studies. some of them go to the private sector, opened their own startup or be a part of large enterprises. some of them deciding to stay in the government. this decision is very critical but its influence from all what we have learned in previous years. >> moving into the role of the employer and cybersecurity workforce development, candace, could you talk about what kind of employers to both provide and shape cybersecurity education attorney? are there any issues that come to mind that it been successful? >> i think the customers i speak with, they are very focused on making sure they continue to provide training to their

security teams. obviously staying current with the skills, could with an understanding both the adversarial as well as malware in general is absolutely critical for them to be able to do their jobs. most organizations that have pretty solid security teams are pretty significant amounts of investment into professional certifications come into continuing education for their specific around the computer science skills out of those kinds of things. they are often doing things like hacking competitions. they would recompetition interrelate in the organization where they have different folks within the organization compete with each other. wargames and setting up teams of people who now are competing against each other in a hands-on real-time data format. those are skills they can develop internal for the organization as well as leveraging external skills through training organizations or universities that have specific curriculum about these

are cybersecurity or skills that would be relevant to cybersecurity. there's tremendous opportunity for corporations to be part of providing training, and providing the kind of also help them retain together trying to retain your telecommuting an opportunity to continue to evolve the skill set is a great way to help with retention. >> that's, runs counter to some of the concerns i've heard from employers but one of the interesting highlights of our survey is that training is very important. what would you say to an employer that says if i train my workers in the believe, just be more valuable to other companies? >> many times that the function of creating a work environment where people want to be. i think phyllis made an incredible point earlier which yeshiva not be able to do as much as some of the private sector organizations but they have a mission.

the culture of that organization in the nation becomes the motivation for the people that go to work for her. i think creating an environment that fosters kind of that says that i am part of something bigger than my current role or my roll alone is enough anyway to get your people to stay. if you think about the millennials, social conscience is a big part of what makes them tick. so thinking about how in cyber part of what we do everyday is help people and corporations protect what's most important to them in the digital world. if you are a person where social conscience is important to you, being a part of an or decision that makes that approach is a great reason to stay in your j job. >> one of my favorite quotes personally is one from richard branson when he talked about train your people like you want them to actually be able to leave, but treat them so that they want to stay.

i think there's a number of lovers from the employer perspective that often speak to them how to treat them so they want to stay. if you're working for dhs and there is a mission, that is certainly one aspect that ca cod be a motivating factor as to talk about how employers can pull the levers. yes, there is a salary in the private sector an and a time a place for people's careers were that is going to be the primary concern. the further education opportunities. we tend to espouse so much more than just giving someone a training opportunity and then showing them that the day -- that they can agree that the you are the things you can achieve by having the skills. >> at some point money stops being a motivator but it's all the other stuff about the organization and the role you have that motivates you to stay in that company. >> to give it to governments and companies -- pivot -- in the role, turning back to israel,

from an outsiders perspective israel is doing very well on this record just a their investing and have high school programs and their political leaders are engaged. what problems has israel in town with cybersecurity workforce development and what still needs to be done on that front? >> it's a great question because, currently there is a very unique situation regarding israel and the cybersecurity sector. one very unique thing is -- [inaudible] in this sector am private sector perspective, part of is the fact initial there are about 257 different companies. is just one-third of what use has but still in israeli terms it's really a big challenge because those companies always need more people to work with them. another thing is that because it's a global challenge and it's

a global world, not just regarding -- also the fact national companies are part of the israeli ecosystem. israeli ecosystem just in a nutshell is, part of it is the academia, part of it is what we did just talk about, the human capital come also the private sector. we are proud with what we have created a our biggest challenge is to keep the israeli ecosystem strong. together with all the multinational companies involved in the israeli cybersecurity sector in the last two years. >> the obama administration yesterday about a new directive about albany different agency roles and responsibility to cyberattacks. while this isn't directly related to the workforce per se i'm wondering how can these

agencies deliver on the initiatives and respond. what is the us government doing to address this shortage, to facilitate hiring or maybe even outsourcing some of these cybersecurity capabilities? >> so the titl title about the director, the cyber incident coordination, and my first reaction to that is that's an operational concert or maybe a policy issue. like all of these issues when you get back behind the scenes it takes a skilled workforce to make things happen. there's a couple rolls called out in the directive i think are obvious ones, handlers are people who identified it does and authority to share them. a secondary one that's called out is about restoring and recovering from incidents. many of us do about business continuity role is important just focusing on those tuples for the, that is part of the workforce that is quite frankly independent.

to report talk to intrusion detection as a high demand skill. we do know the incidents until we discover them. i think it is directly related to both the directive in terms of how it's going to happen and who's going to do the work. what's more interesting though when you drill down into the directive and it talks about the implications of a cyber incident, the impact in other words, it lists these type of work roles, this is an operational continuity, adverse financial impact, privacy protection, liability risks, compliance issues, communications to affected users, and external affairs including media and congress. those are work roles that a variety of people will have to play to carry out that directive effectively. it's a great illustration of where our nice workforce framework is moving to recognizing quite frankly cybersecurity is are the ones responsibility. i know that seems trite and attacked our vision for nice is a digitally comedy that is enabled by a skilled and

knowledgeable cybersecurity workforce. there really are the right of people including lawyers, policymakers can financial people and others are going to have a cybersecurity route responsibility of in the context of cybersecurity incident management if you will. in the fall we plan to publish the next version of the nice workforce framework and in addition to sing seven categories of work, 30 specialty areas in the corresponding knowledge and skills and abilities you also see work role data. that's what the federal government is doing a just assessment of her cybersecurity workforce is look at the work roles that are performed both within i.t. or position and outside with respect to cybersecurity. >> that kind of is a good time doing excitement about different future skills and technologists and how these develop over time given with industry as a whole is heading.

had 600 yazidis if you were advising someone to do it into the field, what skills should alert to be competitive given the technological development and how should they acquire them? overusing about the skills and the process? >> it's a tough question because the technologies and automations that are being developed are so fast but also patchwork. so when i talk to folks are looking to enter their field or looking to the transition from maybe an adjacent i.t. field i tend to focus on so many areas that that require higher order levels of analysis or data comprehension or critical thinking. it's still applying it to a technical means but as was mentioned earlier it's getting to a point that we want to be able to actually separate the and focus on what's important. the skill sets that we need for people is to actually get those

items that are important. and allow technologies to be developed that can separate that and just focus on the important component. it's tough because we don't want to pull people into only one skill set. we don't want to see or the capable of doing incident response because the reality is you will have to potential bring that up to your second team. but you need to some patients. i think professional certifications in the landscape we have today are an integral point for people that are looking to break into that field. they said that they sight of dollars that despite what technologies to develop and despite what we automate served as a way for people to understand and opposed the particular to understand what is your baseline level of knowledge. is an example that are 49,000 open jobs currently for -- and the u.s. and our 65,000 holders.

so you can see how dumb idea problematic unbalance in the workforce. being able to address some of us could needs and then transition as technologies change is going to be absolutely critical. when we talk about those skill sets and we talk about how do we evolve, one of the we see in cybersecurity entity dolls feels but most the killian cybersecurity, it changes so quickly. the evolution rate is just exponentially higher than you'd see in other disciplines. so there's this need for continuity and consistency and training. the skill set you might develop coming out of one program are not necessarily going to be what you need to be sustained. that will be true as we continue advanced technologies and create opportunities to automate some of these basic processes. >> as we advance these technologies and move towards a more automated cybersecurity

environment, one of the interesting findings from the report was that night at the two respondents believe technology can partially compensate for a cap in cybersecurity skills. is this the magic bullet? can that solve all of our cybersecurity problems? how will the cyber industry skills shortage evolve in the future? >> i think i would love -- i don't think there is a silver bullet. i think automation can begin to address a capacity issue. if i think back to early in my time in security, most of the customers that i would talk with our like yeah, i'm not automating processes with security because my neck is on the line if something goes wrong. so that automate the testing of patches or signature file or

automate some critical process associate with social security and a ghost stuff, i'm probably in the unemployment line tomorrow. that's not going to happen. at that point is a good industry as a whole was still relatively immature ne2000. customers were still building kind of that trust and respect of security products provided i think we've come a tremendous distance in terms of the credibility of security products and the confidence that customers and agencies have in those products. we are now at a point where the conversations having with customers is there are certain things i'm okay with automating. so i set up automated testing to test signature files. i have created automated test rigs for operating system patch updates so that i'm not having a person sit in front of the machine and click buttons to a

process to test whether something is going to blow up in my apartment. we have evolved from the user or consumer's perspective to be okay with automating what i tend to call some of the more than the 12 tasks. on the other hand, there are many tasks best to require a grave matter. you need a person in a chair looking at a screen going through data try to get which data is most critical are relevant to potential incident. you could literally be looking at gigabytes of data trying to figure out which pieces of data are associated with anything. yes, there are probabl probablye algorithms we could build in computers to sift through the at the initial level but when it comes down to the final determination of which of those is associate with an attack, what that attacked it, how did it get into environment, what system did it touch what did it

excellent for any data out of the organization? how do we remediate the damage that they've done and remove it from you by the? many of those types of tasks you need a person to be doing that. it's very difficult to get a computer to be able to do those levels of assessment. i think from automation perspective there are lots we as vendors can do to begin to build automation into the security process come into the security products that we deliver to market. there will always be roles that require humans to be part of the intervention. i think we could also build into those programs things that make those tasks easier. so how do i get the system to do that first level of filtering? i know this is a standard call. i know that this was a standard policy that was applied by the security program. but my goodness, nor wt that application doesn't inject that process. there's an event that has

injected a process. that's on the. having somebody see that point in this point and that point, they can tie this together intellectual and say those three things together equal bad, when anyone of them individually might not have raised a flag. i think automation can play a role but there will always be a critical need for people who have deductive reasoning and problem solving and critical thinking skills. >> i think you're finding may be one of most new and original findings in the report. a lot of things have surfaced before and i would think it is a solution but not a solution. i could just give a couple of samples and my own experience are i think we're mitigating the workforce issues to automation or through efficiencies if you will. one is the federal government for good reasons were all required to take mandatory cybersecurity awareness training. that training would happen in the classroom like this wikified

instructor presenting material. we have online training that is available that kind of eliminates the need for that physical person to be present. that automation i think has led to efficiencies and really address the workforce issue. the other example that comes to mind is whether its account generation password change the ball the rest are used require a physical person at a helpdesk to change without begin to automate that in ways that are increasing efficiency and security in some ways as well. what i would remind you is behind those automated efforts is innovation and creativity. that's a whole nother workforce we need to make those things happen. i agree it has sufficiency. it's an important finding that you have made but it's not the silver bullet. as part of the overall strategy we need to keep in mind. >> something i used to see in some financial institutions and retailers that we would consult with is that technologies were great and they weren't automate

functions but the reality is there needed to be humans who codify what the uses of those technologies and how they efficiently and effectively work together. the reality was they came down to in some cases a cost-benefit analysis. if you are making an large investment in some technologies that accomplished 20% of what you need to do what it turns out it's capable of doing 80% into just another people able to utilize that in the right way or the network to properly with other technologies give invested in, then the technology as good as it could be isn't as effective. unique humans to set of processes up in your organization as the customers in order to make them work. >> from a government perspective, we take the same approach just as was described but we need to make process automated and to understand as i said where the human is most critical.

also we take another approach, depreciate away the needs of the national -- from the large enterprise needs mainly because of the mistake and impact that might be made for nation, from national security perspective. taking us to approaches together we are working very close with the leading r&d centers in israel. with leading universities and together with the private sector in israel to understand how do i make it as much as we can edify together what are the critical places to keep humans. >> great. i think we have time for some questions. anyone in the audience. or i can take moderate prerogative and start off with one of my own. being that we are in washington, and i feel like we are in the height of the legal under

political seasons there's been a lot of rhetoric about may be closing some of our borders and with immigration policies and i was wondering how would that affect the tech community and cybersecurity where diversity is so important to? how do you see this record or some of these proposed policies having an effect on workforce development and the ability of employers to hire a diverse workforce? >> let me think carefully about this answer. so what i did say is that certainly i think should the country decide to go in that direction, that it will make it even more critical for us to work with universities to go but into the pipeline of technical talent coming out of university. i think we have seen over the course of the last several years

a lower than we would like percentage of students coming out of university with engineering and computer science degrees. i think industry in general has looked to the international community to make up the capacity delta in terms of leveraging people from overseas to fill their roles. i think if we're going to limit accessibility to that broader talent pool, then it would be incumbent upon especially the country and as a corporate and government community to make it a number one priority to start developing more programs that facilitate an increase in technical degree programs. >> i would just give a quick example, and nonpartisan answer i might add, related to the scholarship versus program that phyllis refer to. that is when the ways the federal government is incenting students to both receive a degree and get the tuition, room and board and fees paid in

return for government service. .. shortage of people who can pursue masters agree and ph.d and will be the professors and teachers of the future. so whether it's a result of immigration policies or domestic policies, the bottom line is to get the scholarship for service and then go to work for the government and get a clearance is heavily favored in the favor of u.s. citizens. >> most interesting statistic i found was there are seven percent of top universities who

have an undergreat program but a third of the universities have a graduate program. of that third, 68% of the student population is foreign students, and so while i don't necessarily have a comment on immigration side of things, i do think that's very interesting and troubling, when you think about the different perspectives coming through the programs today, and if that stopped, i think it tells me, one, we need more programs that can actually address the need but a that is woefully inadequate, and we should continue to see a diversity. there are no borders in cyberspace, and unless you're going for cleaner or something else, i think it's really important that we get that diversity of perspectives, looking at different adversaries and having a different perspective of the gentlemen quo political situation. >> i'm not the person to comment on the immigration, but i can

share with you the fact that the israels are 25 u.s.r & d cyber security centers, your companies, meaning that the connections are very tight, and those companies decided to be in israel, and sometimes just with front office, just a few people doing -- for new israeli technologies, sometimes it's thousands of people working for a u.s. company in israel. even sometimes the global center of cybersecurity for the company and i think this is fascinating. >> with the comments you made about 68% of the students in the advanced degree programs are coming from overseas, the question that begs to be asked, is that because they're not enough u.s. students applying for the programs, and the question is, why is that?

or are they being beaten out by the more talents folks from overseas. why only 34% of u.s. students in those advance programs? >> what i hear from chancellors, and presidents and deans at colleges and universities is because many of the undergreat students in particular leave college and get high-paying jobs with the knowledge and skills they obtain in four years and there's not an incentive to return for masters and ph.d so there's a talent shortage in the graduate school pipeline. secondly is the incentives aren't there when you talk about leaving the government to go to a higher paying job in industry or elsewhere, the same is true to be a teacher or faculty member, which pays even less than working in the government. so it's really hard to attract really talented researcher if we're not offering competitive salaries, and you just look at higher education as the example

and contrast what we paid for doctors and medical school professors and others who are highly skilled and highly in demands. we reaward them women high sallies but don't reward the computer science professor, the business professor, the person who is teaching cybersecurity in the same way. >> a lot of these programs are fairly new, and so like the rest of the field there is some level of marketing, private industry has a marketing problem, and we need to be more invested about recruiting people into the field, whether it's because they're taking that educationalout or actually pursuing it as a career field. so regardless of whether it's because there's not enough demand from domestic u.s. students or whether it's that they're being weeded out, still think that problem could be solved by continuing to really actively recruit and show people the path they can have by selecting a career in cyber security.

>> to go off of that, it's also actively recruiting and doing that at a younger age and yeting at that time career path be nope at a younger age. that's an advantage where some other countriers doing that better than we are right now. >> as a computer science student and millenial, i'm curious, from any of you, what do you find the most frustrating, i guess, aspect of recruiting specifically the millenial generation? >> well, i'll throw something out. part of it is that melding a millenial work force with a work

force of previous generations can be challenging, right? so many of the folks that are in industry today are part of the end of the baby-boomers orgen? is that next? i get my letters mixed up. many of them don't use social media as often. many still want to pick up the phone or walk down the hall and talk to someone rather than instant message, and so you end up with a little bit of not culture clash but a different approach to communication. a different approach to work. and i know as a manager of large groups, that becomes one of my management challenges, how to get these diverse generations, who really approach communications and work differently sometimes, to find common ground, so that they can successfully execute on a project together.

the reality is i'm not putting all millenials on one project and all baby-boomers on another. they're going to bring different skill sets to the same project, and i need both or i need three or four generations in a project. one, because it brings diversity of thought. different experiences, different approaches to problem-solving. that gets you a better result. but with diversity you get difference of opinion. you get debate. you get conflict. and as a manager, you have to figure out how to kind of bring that team together. so, often times you end up being teacher, coach, playground referee. so as a manager, i'd say that been one of my bigger challenges. not just with millenials but in how to create a cohesive team that is represented across multiple generations. >> i have two daughters that are millenials so i have to be careful what i say about what

frustrates me about millenials. i want to town it around. i'm less fruited about millenials, i'm optimistic. sigh progress and opportunity. i'm more frustrate bid the work force in which they're trying to enter that is trying to build models and systems off of, as we heard -- previous generations who say there a long time and have traditional ways of coming to and from work every day. we need to recognize that millenials are perhaps going to stay for a shorter period of time than the lifelong career. when you talk about diversity egg that's a good thing. if they're coming in and out of industry to government or from one company to another, they're bringing diverse experiences and other ways of thinking that is very valuable to the organization. i think secondly we need to take -- in the federal government is a great example, part of the new federal cyber security workforce strategy, job rotation is a good thing. not always a career ladder where you advance, advance, advance,

more pay, more bay, more bay, but getting a different experience working in another department, getting another assignment, working all together, dhs employee. that job rotation keeps millenials engaged, adds value to the organization, and that's just the new normal. >> millenials often -- they like to work from home. the diversity to work whatever environment makes them feel comfortable. think they generally like social causes. they like organizations that are socially conscientious. cyber security is -- it's all about trying to make the world a safer place at some level. i've never worked in an organization that was more geographically diverse than the one i'm in right now with intel security. we have a large work force working from home, we have people all over the globe. if i look at my team alone i

have three or four soho workers, people who work in europe and several locations in the u.s. it gives them maximum flexibility to live where they want to live to get the ---wife balance they want, and not that there aren't long hours. plenty of times it's a 17-hour day, not an eight-hour day, but at the same time it gives them a lot of the elements that they're looking for in a job. you can find new cyber security. >> i think that makes complete sense, and i'm going to pull a rodney. my biggest frustration is actually a good mode vacation -- motivation for employers because all the mel lenals i have hired are so motivated and ambitious and you must provide them the entitlement to excel and succeed and that's a greater burden, good period, but a greater

burden on us as an employer to provide those opportunities. immigrant makes our organizations better. we are more successful when we create those environments to give people those opportunities and to feed their ambitions and motivations. i have found millenials the most passionate creative thinkers we have worked with and they're approaching problems in a way that i think a lot of their predecessors may not have looked at the problems because they were looking through a paradigm of a fairly traditional model. so, the frustration is ultimately to fix it is more work for us but that's a good thing. i'm so happy to have that challenge as we look at this -- just a contingent of the work force that is so eager to learn, and if you give them that opportunity, they will eat it up. and i think that's really something that we should be taking advantage of and providing them the infrastructure and perspective for them to take advantage of

it. >> i guess if there's no more questions from the audience, i would like you all to join me in thanking our panel for their time and insight here today. [applause] [inaudible conversation] [inaudible conversations]

>> coming up live today at 3:30 eastern, new york senator chuck schumer will talk with "washington post" congressional reporter paul cain about the democratic agenda in the 2016 election, and "washington post" reporter interviews clinton's campaign manager at the city tap house in philadelphia. it's live right here on c-span2. starting at 3:30 eastern. today, of course, the final day of the democratic national convention with hillary clinton formally accepting the presidential nomination after being introduced by her daughter, chelsea, set to happen at 10:00 p.m. eastern, and also speaking nancy pelosi and senior senator barbaraing mikulski. the convention speaker program begins at 4:00 p.m., watch on c-span, listen on the app and get video on demand at c-span.org. up next, c-span visited the

christ church burial ground in philadelphia and spoke to tourism manager who talked about the graves of the founding mothers. >> we are standing in the christ church burial ground, the church itself established in 1695. the burial ground is probably one of the most important of american graveyards from the revolutionary time. it is where more signers of the declaration of independence are buried than anywhere else in the universe. so we decided to create a special event for the dnc. earlier this year i decided i wanted to do something special, and i revisited stories from 2007 when i created a women's tour, and we designed this founding mothers tour because of the possibility of the first woman to be nominated to major party this year, and we wanted to connect that to the forgotten woman who are buried or

associated with christ church. >> 56 people signed the declaration of independence. and of the 56 men that signed the declaration of independence, seven are buriedy at christ church. at the churchyard, james will son and robert morris are buried. here burial ground we have five signers of the declaration of independence, benjamin franklin, joseph hughes, george ross and this is the grave of dr. benjamin rush. one of the most prominent physicians of his time. the doctor was 30 years old when he signed the declaration of independence, for pennsylvania. he is buried here with his wife, julia, and julia, for a long time, when we talked about julia rush, when i first started working here, the best thing we could say she was the daughter and the with a of a seener of the declaration of independence, and which to me i needed to fine more about her.

doing research i realized julia rush was part of the lated ladies association -- one of the leading fundraisers of the revolution, and her and sarah franklin, ben's daughter, created this, and it became very important to raise funds, and instead of just giving the now general washington and his troops, they knew they would be able to sort it out in expand it more wisely thannen general washington do and they would create the uniforms and shirts for the soldiers who were sometimes underequipped and underdressed, and they created this for them. started in philly and continued throughout the colonies. the area behind me is known as the allay. 20 family vaults that go down 40 feet deep, and many of them contain 20 people in them. if you remove the lid it goings straight down and they have

coffins on be bottoms with shelves comeing up. most of these of civil war era, this vault is for dr. barn bus finny, a revolutionary war doctor. one of the first one built in these adults. dr. finney, who is burred here with his family was a prominent physician in philadelphia and during the time of the revolution he saw a lot of patients during the war, and treated a lot of people for injuries and sickness, and one particular day, dr. finney was walking through the hospitals and saw a patiented that most people gave up and thought was dead. he looked over and found a pulse on this individual, and when he examined the soldier he decided he thought maybe he could save this man, and when he removed the shirt, he discovered that it wasn't a man, it was a woman, who we later find out is named debra sampson, and debra sampson wanted to fight for the cause of revolution and couldn't because

she was a woman. but she was determined to do her part, and she disguised herself as a man, took her brother, robert -- his name, and fought and was very successful. a lot of people respected her in the army, and she was very tough. in fact she was injured, shot, and removed the bullets he was because she didn't want to be discovered, and when finney found her she was too sick to even fight off the discovery, and finney discovered her and when he did, she stayed with the family until she was well. he gave her a letter to her officers and they would end up finding out about it but would give her an honorable discharging and later would receive a pension. we have ten mayors of philadelphia buried in our burial ground. this is the grave of mayor samuel paul, the mayor during the revolution, and buried with

his wife, elizabeth powell. sam cue powell died of yellow fever and his wife lived much longer, his wife and sam and elizabeth powell were prominent philadelphians, the socialites of their times. anyone who was anyone would come to parties at their house, and is the powell house, and elizabeth powell was very close to the washingtons, especially george washington, elizabeth powell had the ear of george washington and behind closed doors was able to give him information he wouldn't be able to get from a woman in public, bus she it the one -- noted as the person who convinces president washington to run for a second term. john dunlap was a -- the first -- had the first newspaper, daily newspaper in the united states. very successful but was the person who printed the declaration of independence. near christ church on the corner

of second and market, and it was in the year 1776 that john adams' wife, abigail, writes a letter to him that said in the new code of lochias suppose it will be necessary for you to make, i desire you would remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. do not put unlimited power in the hands of the husbands. remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. that is the quote that inspired me to tell these stories, and to inspire other people through these stories. i've been working here for about 13 years, and it's important to remember more than ben franklin. i love benjamin franklin and he gets people through the gate but it's my job to tell about the other people who they'll never learn about and have fallen through the cracks of history, just as important and just as relevant to our history as the founding fathers.

it is without the founding mothers there would be no founding fathers. >> tonight, hillary clinton becomes the first woman to accept a major political party's nomination for president of the united states. and with c-span, you have many convenient options for watching the entire speech without any interruptions. watch her historic assettance speech live on c-span, listen to it on the answer, watch it on your desk top, tablet or smartphone at c-span.org. the historic acceptance speech-tonight on hans, the c-span radio app and c-span.org. >> new york city mayor bill de blasio, governor jerry brown of california, and robby mook, campaign manager for hillary clinton, all spoke with politico's michael help, and jake sherman during an event

hosted by the publication during the 2016 national convention. questions focused on at the election, secretary clinton's campaign strategy and the importance of the convention on national races. >> thank you for coming. good morning, everybody. thank you for your early morning. welcome everyone here in the politico how where we have the relax and recharge -- have you hit the oxygen bar yet? >> i have relaxed and recharged. >> do we have the thing that tells you what kind of dog you are. >> we do. >> i was a terrier. >> persistent, right right? >> exactly. >> walk all of you, friends from c-span, and thank you all of glue c-span land. we have an amazing triple header this morning. really appreciate your being here forks back-to-back conversation with three of the nation's biggest political

leaders. we'll start with one of the nation's top progressive leaders, and runners of one of the biggest governments in the world, new york city mayor, bill de blasio and jake was noting a fun fact about bill de blasio, one of the tallest men to lead new york city since john lindsey. so you'll see how tall mr. mayor actually is. >> next we have california governor jerry brown who once was my governor back in california, and the clinton campaign manager, robe moc. so three people who are at the top of everybody's marquee for this weekend. before we kick off i'd like to thank bank of america for making this amazing series of conversations available, including playbook breakfast every morning, and the great conversation on criminal justice

reform. bank of america has been our partner for so many years now, including on the road, 2012 conventions, and so we're so grateful the bank of america is here for this historic 2016 cycle, and now a few words from jim, good global corporate communications. thank you for being on the stage and an amazing week of events. >> good morning, everybody. it's a pleasure to be here on behalf of my colleagues at bank of america and our 10,000 teammates here in the philadelphia region. we're very pleased to be part of the civic leadership and the host committee here in philadelphia to help provide the resources to produce the 2016 democratic national convention. we're also extremely pleased to partner with politico, as we have for many years now, in engaging in some truly insightful and elevating

dialogue about the important issues that are contained win the election dialogue. and i want to particularly say how much we have enjoyed working with michael len over the year -- mike allen, one of the leading voices in the political dialogue, and jake has -- and anne have big shes to fill going forward but it's been just a delight working with mike over the years. >> now we're honored to welcome mayor bill de blasio. [applause] >> welcome. >> mr. mayor, thank you on speech day this evening, you're going to be speaking, drawing a stark contrast, we're told, between hillary clinton and donald trump. give us a sneak peek. >> sneak peek. i don't think i've seen a

greater contrast in a general election. donald trump is part of the problem in this country. a billionaire who has gamed the system throughout his life, part of the billionaire class, bernie sanders spoke about so powerfulfully and the folks who fundamentally undermine the american economy for millions of people and he boasts at it. he brags about it. he brags about all the money he spends and the influence he had and all the ways hi gamed the system. and bill clinton did an amazing job last night reminding us of things we saw with our own eyes. hillary clinton particularly the fight for healthcare reform. i remember that vividly. that was not a day or week. that was months of an incredibly dramatic struggle to do something that teddy roosevelt wanted to do, harry truman wanted to do. no one was able to achieve and she took it on so frontally. so passionately, and then received millions and millions and millions of dollars in incoming attack ads against her, and remember, all in the context

of we never saw a first lady take on that kind of formal role, let alone one of the biggest, more most difficult issues we have faced. so i think that's going to become clearer and clearer to the american people as they go through their long interview process with the candidates. one guy represents the problem. the other woman represents the solution, and long history of fighting for the solution, i think it's going be a no-brainer to the american people. >> what's the headline from your speech? >> i wish i understood how the headline is made. if i could just get that i feel like i could succeed in life. >> i noticed the "new york post" and the "daily post" couldn't agree. >> sit down and get together and work it out. the z does express the sound probable limit it is de blasio. i have to give it to them. but i think the headline could be, should be, that trump is an

imposter when it comes to actually addressing the issues of the american people and hillary clinton has proven that she has fought for working people. >> you're mayor of the great city of new york. donald trump, a leading constituent, leading citizen of new york, huge tweeter, from new york. so, you must have spent quite a lot of time with donald trump. >> it's amazing. i don't think i've ever met him. i mean it. i think there's a misnomer. you see the building with him name on it and because of the boastfulness so typical of him that he is this crucial figure in new york city. i've been involved in public life in new york city for many years, elects as a city council in 2002. never had occasion to deal with donald trump because she just is not relevant in new york city today, and a lot of what he says that is divisive and negative, you go back to the '8s so he was trying that same kind of rhetoric. that's been rejected in new york

city. >> he has been siskel and ebert with you. >> it's been a little bipolar on the topic. i never knew him, never met him. get elected, he says seems like a guy who it going to get good things done, very generous comment, and then i criticize him when he started talking about his attacks on mexican americans and muslims and african-americans, women, everyone, and suddenly he thought i was the worst mayor in america, a disaster, one of his favorite words. >> sad. >> i don't think i got a sad but disaster put me in the same category. that's a badge of honor and i'm happy with it. >> if you look at the polls the national political landscape trump has been able to co-opt some of this brand. he is a billionaire who has names on his buildings and is very -- brags a lot. how has the clinton campaign

been so slow to draw the contrast that you're trying to draw? >> well, i do want to argue there's a sequencing reality. we've come out of i think an incredibly productive primary season and i want to say this from the heart, especially to my fellow democrats. i can remember very deeply campaigns going back to 1976, and this is -- i would argue, possibly the most productive of all the primary seasons we have had because real issues were brought up by our party. and then there was an actual consensus, and the platform means more this time than it's maintain many other times. i kept saying in the primary, what hillary was presenting was one of the most progressive visions. think the platform got better because of bernie's involvement and that was a very collagal process. when you have that kind of actual debate, that actually says, who are we? and what do we mean to the american people? and where is our nation? where do we need to go?

that had to take its course before we could draw the fuller contrast with trump. i also think as a sequencing matter, when are peoe going to pay attention? at the very end. the second half of october. i think the clinton campaign will energetically draw the contrast, and up like other elections where sometimes you have to find your proof points. donald trump has done it for us. he said look at all the money i gave him. all the influence is had. "a" game the system. with a billionaire and got richer off the system. that defines the american crisis of the great recession, and the billionaire class and the predator class and all the things that bernie and hillary talked about, it's not going fly in the end. >> mr. mayor, one thing we try to do at these breakfasts is to take our guests, our viewers in livestream land and c-span land manipulated he scenes, experience the convention as you do, racing around, and yesterday you were on the floor for the

roll call. >> it was amazing. the roll call -- i pate to be corny but i will be. its an affirmation of american democracy, and my wife and i were sitting there and watching and were welling up with a feeling about this country, everyone sort of expressing their pride and where it came from. i thought it was very powerful when one of the speak ares spoke in the lakota sioux language. moments of representing all the fullness of america, and everyone working their way toward this historic moment. two quick observations. even right around that time in the nominations, the nominating speeches can the woman who nominated hillary, who was an immigrant, who had served in the armed forces and said, i look forward to her being my commander in chief, that was one of those chill down your spines moment about the fact we're about to change this country and right a great wrong of gender

inequality. but i always thought what bernie did in calling for acclamation was one of those big moments, those good moments, that we look for in public life and maybe haven't seen as much of in recent years. so, it was an affirmation both of the fullness of america but also this parties getting it right. felt that. >> i was going to say, what a lot of people don't realize, this is not only -- you're not only proud to be an american when you're on the floor but somebody whose campaign you ran, her senate campaign. take us inside the room. what is she like as a candidate behind the scenes? >> she is an amazing human being. remember one of our earlier conversations -- two quick examples. i was interviewed by her and it wasn't sort of a formal interview. was asked to meet with her in the early summer or late spring of '99 at the white house. i really had never met her except to say hello. she pulls out a pad of paper and

proceeds to ask me like 50 questions about new york state. and the questions indicate a higher level of knowledge than new york state than the vast majority of us who works in the state government and politics. how did she know this? extraordinary knowledge base and capacity she brings. then when i was selected as her campaign manager, we had one of the first conversations of people getting to know each other and she said i've never run for office before and you never been my campaign manager before so let's figure it out. she was very humble and very open. she knew what she didn't know. and she was very open to learning. and i think that's something she doesn't get enough credit for. there is a groundedness about her that means she keeps evolving as a leader and a candidate, and have seen that this year. you should see month by month she became a strong candidate. >> what's the change in her style this year as opposed to when you were in charge?

>> i think she has done much more sort of make the case to people and ask for them to be part of the change, ask for their help, ask for them to be part. in the beginning as a candidate she as reticent to ask people for their vote. i think she felt in some way as it seemed -- i don't want to see egotistical -- but cut against her own personal culture and humility. but she has gotten much better before the saying, this is all of us. i need you to make this happen for all of us. >> mr. mayor, you're an occasional morning joe guest and a frequent viewer. joe has an expression he use, deep tease, and your endorsement of her was a deep, long tease. was there ever a moment where you might have endorsed bernie sanders? >> no. >> why the tease? >> because it was important to ask of all of the candidates that they give us the full vision to address what is the fundamental crisis. income inequality -- thicks is

structural crisis. it is an up sustainable reality. this is something i can't put into full enough historical terms. if we continue on this track of greater and greater concentration of wealth and power, american democracy will fail. it's as simple as that. needed to hear from her and anyone and everyone else, what they were going to do about it. by the way, she impressed me so much with the way she built that platform and showed that vision. i thought it was important to say this is a serious moment. not just about friendship and respect. those are very real. but candidates have to show vision and she did. >> did she gate little irritated. >> i never got irritation from her. i'm certain her staff did, but i think she has a long view of public life -- >> can you explain -- did you explain to her behind the scenes -- >> explain -- >> what was up. >> i talked to her in the leadup to her announcement over weeks and months, and i made very

clear what i felt the country needed and what we needed to hear from her. dome shock was surprised. >> you're one of the leading progressive figures. what do you to say will be powerful as far as party unity? if i'm a sanders delegate who feels like i got the shortened of the stick, as may father would say, how can you help them get there? >> i think everyone involved in the sanders movement should recognize they changed america. they came here to change america and they have. >> mission accomplished. >> not in the george bush on the aircraft carrier style in the sense that bernie sanders did something wildly audacious and effective. he said he was going to change the debate and the party. he has already done that. we have much more work to do and more essential work to do and this why we talked about yesterday. now we have to win on these issues. we have to stop tpp. we have to tax the wealthy at a higher and more fair rate. we have to actually achieve

thieves things, but the bernie sanders movement, i cannot remember on candidacy that did not achieve its nominal goal but achieved so much in terms of structural change in the debate and the party. can't remember anything that compares to this. maybe you can argue gene mccarthy but it's in that category. we'll never bev the same again and that's a very good thing. the folks of the bernie sanders movement, you achieved a lot already. there's much mo to be done. his speech was brilliant. he said very clearly the campaign and the presidency is one thing. the real thing is winning on the issues and that movement has to do that. >> as one who is both one of the world residents leading principles and public figures and somebody who gets campaign behind the scenes could hillary clinton lose? >> i don't think so. i don't mean that as a statement of complacency in the least. a very hard-fought campaign. we have to win on the ground. no two ways.

howard dean said it. he has been right on a lot of this stuff. we have to win on the ground. we have a working majority, as democrats and progressives, but that working majority better show up and we have to do that. so, i don't believe itself will be lost. i believe hillary clinton is going to run a great campaign and has a very compelling platform and message in history but that doesn't mean anyone for a second can rest on their laurels because the level of frustration in this country -- gets back to nick inequality and the decline of the middle class. the anger and frustration is so real that if not addressed frontally, there's a lot of wild card dynamics. so complacency. >> josh katz says 68 parts chance of hillary clinton being president. >> i take the over. >> another person who is not a -- mike bloomberg will be offering his endorse: does his endorsement matter outside 79th and fifth?

>> i think this is what we call leading the wilt. >> it is. >> yes, it does. i obviously have some areas where i agree with mike bloomberg a lot and some disa agreements but i'm happy he did this. he is an important independent voice, clearly of the one percent, i think the .001%. >> i would agree with that. >> but he is going to speak to a lot of folks, i think, who don't think in terms of party. probably don't think so much in terms of ideology, but want sane, reasonable leadership. going to peek to folks who are concerned about america's role in the world and our standing in the world, and i think this voice will be very helpful in saying, wait a minute. this comparison isn't even close. and look, a little more so -- and it's true. you can say it with bernie and mike bloomberg. bloomberg thought about running for president. when someone who might have been an opponent says this is a better choice, that might have power. why, for him no tot run to

president? he would never have made it, but also he, to his credit, said it might have had the reverse effect of enabling and supporting trump, and that would have been the worst of all worlds. >> the front page of both of today's new york tabs feature your photo. >> such a pleasure. >> this is based -- >> always bringing me good news. >> "new york post," using the less preferred s, blas coverup, and the daily news, going with the prefer z, city hall white watch. staff deliberately covered up details about the rezoning of a nursing hem to luxury condos. >> this is probably bigger than watergategate. it's ridiculous. everything we have done -- i'm a progressive, and i got elected because of one of the most progressive campaign finance systems in america with small dough addition and it was an

underdog. we came into the government to change things. we certainly are quite clear we're not here to make the rich richer. we're here to address income inequality and have been able to do that na many ways but central to that vision is running a clean and appropriate government. this is so overheated and so off the mark. we're very, very clear about the fact that in everything we have done, we put the public interest first. >> our colleague, ozzie, sends this question up to you: you said you were satisfied with zachary carter's decision which he has now reversed and what changed? >> because it's -- zachary carter otherwise corporation counsel and run the law department. the law department in new york city has to think about today and tomorrow. precedent and the appropriate way to handle any matter, and i have tremendous respect for him. a former u.s. attorney. i think highly respected in our city. and he made a set of decisions about what was the right way to happen that and i thought he was

right and i didn't get into the weeds but i thought his essential approach was right there was a dialogue then that said can we do more? they found a way to do more. that's fine. but it's always going to show the exact same thing in the end. that things were handled appropriately. may have been some mistakes of how our decision making process worked. i've been very clear and i'm very unhappy with the outcome but in tomorrows of flow of information and how we have handled investigations, i'm perfectly comfortable. >> mr. mayor, one more close to home question. what do you think of the idea of donald trump, jr. running for your down? >> bring it on. it's the most straightforward statement. his father will be thoroughly rejected by the voters in new york city, and his values -- where do most inclusive, diverse, progressive city in this country, and there's revulsion at what trump has said. so, unless donald trump, jr. is going to get a name change, i think he is walking into a

really bad situation but if he wants to, come on down. >> the one thing that has been interesting in new york recently, which we have seen in the "new york times," some folks polling for an outside candidate against you. unhappy with your stance on uber and a host of other businesses. what do you make of that? >> i think it's small. i think the notion of a consultant trying to find someone to give them a lot of money is not the way we should do our politics. in the end, part of why i'm very, very comfortable about where we stand is i thought about this for -- what would you like to be able to say to the people after a term? you want to say there are more jobs, a quarter million more jobs in new york city than we had when i took office. crime is down. real estateship between police and community is improved. biggest affordable housing program in the history of the city. highest graduation rate.

what a blessing to say although things and i'll take that message to people. we had a lot of support from everyday people and going to do a very grassroots campaign and i'm very comfortable with that. >> the "new york post" is on their game this morning. anthony weiner will run for mayor again but only against donald trump, jr. don't tease us. and donald trump, jr., like father, like son, also a tweeter, he tweets: too soon, anthony. you probably shouldn't be talking about beating anything ever again. go back to your cave. >> okay. >> what say you? >> i will give him a compliment for turn of a phrase, but -- look, anthony has been a colleague for a long time but i don't think he is interested. if he wants to -- i just think

there's an unreality. if that's something he wants to do, god bless, buddy. just means he doesn't fund the people in new york city. >> you don't see congressman weiner as having a figure in public life. >> he may well. i'm just saying i don't think he is looking to do that. >> take us inside your daily routine. mike and i have both spend time in new york. there are gyms in manhattan, yet you go to a ymca ymca. >> now one else to me this. >> you chose to go to a ymca. >> that's a breakdown. they told the was a gym in manhattan -- >> you choose to go to brooklyn. >> die. >> why. >> a lot of things. the connection i have to my neighborhood is very, very strong. and i think when you think about the most elemental human reality, thisser is where hi kids were born, where my wife and i were married, in prospect park. our children were born in methodist hospital. coached little league there. this is where our life took its shape. and it's where i feel grounded and it's what i feel connected to.

i also think all of us, as elected officials, need that touchstone, and i think when you drift from where you come from, it's part of what isolates you from everyday people. so, that -- i can go to the gym and no one bothers me. the same people i've been working out for decades. like cheers, everybody knows your name. out al office those factors. the potential bubble of public office is very dangerous, and you have to find your grounding, and by the way you also have to find your zen of whether it's exercise or whatever it is that keeps you steady and clear. for me, going my neighborhood, reminds me where i cam from and why die the work. >> we'll give our audience in the politico hub the chance to ask a question in just a second. we'll get you a microphone. first, back stage, mayor, we

talked about the movie "spotlight." >> it's amazing. i keep coming back to it. >> the "boston globe" -- >> i grew up in cambridge, mass, "boston globe" was our paper. a powerful, powerful evoke indication of how the culture in politics of boston mitigate against the truth and how difficult it was to overcome and it's really -- i come from a family of journalists and it is perfect example of the good that journalism can do but also as a movie -- you know those movies the scenes keep popping up in your mind for unexplained reasons? versus a move you go for two hours and never thing of again in your life. "spotlight" keeps coming back to me because it reminds us of a way of making change and how journalist can be very positive changemakers but the beautiful relentless search of the truth. on something that was wildly painful and horrible, what happened to all those young people and how it was covered up.

it's just an extraordinarily powerful moral story. i also want to say -- i mentioned this to you -- on my film news of the day. mark ruffalo was robbed by the academy. he should have gotten best supporting actor. what more powerful portrayal of a change agent. >> that will be the -- >> it's already a tweet. >> already breaking twitter. please say who you are. >> i'm leon. your campaign and election was one of the first -- [inaudible] -- first signals of the rise of progressive politics and the young people were much more progressive. what do you see as the future of progressive politics? >> i'm very hopeful and starts in my own home. my children are both very intense progressives, and they see clearly the contradictionses of our society and want to do

something about it. i have argued -- there's been a misunderstanding of the current generation. think they are stronger and more grounded and more serious in many ways than the preceding generation, certainly many ways the generation i was part of. they were forged in the great recession, forged in an era where climate change became a clear and present danger. knowledge debt. my kids are incredibly thrifty itch parent's generation was the depression generation mitchell kids are wildly aware of every dollar because they came up in a time when they saw so many things collapse and the notion of college debt to them is terrifying. so, i like this generation. think they're going to be better leaders than we are and i'm happy this primary season brought that out. that's why i think continuing a lot of the movement-building we have seen is necessary. don't want them to vote in an election and good home or not vote and go home. i want them to be engaged in

change movements. >> were your kids bernie fans? >> my kids were -- they took -- kept their own counsel. >> oh. sounds like yes to me. >> you're very perceptive. and they -- i never speak for them. this is to the same point. they're two fully formed intellected. don't speak for them. but, boy, were they watching and feeling a lot this year, and it meant a lot to them to vote. >> your son is head us off to college. >> he is in college. first year, at yale. my daughter graduated from santa clara university in california, the alma mater of leon panetta and janet. that's a good pedigree. so dante has three more years. >> and we have a question right here. >> my name is -- i'm a london-based urban innovation

consultant. i'm listening to the debates here this week and feeling the parallels with brexit. even in london, which was a strong remain vote, there's been a huge spike in xenophobe ya and hate crime since the referendum result. so i'm won dwight as a mayor of a very diverse city are feel about that in terms of a backlash and what can you as a mayor do about that? >> i thought a lot about this and appreciate the question. first, i'm far away and i don't pretend to understand what don't understand but i just have such frustration with the european community for having in my view, the leaders, missed the gathering storm. it's not about immigration frustration. it's economic frustration. thought the paralysis in washington was a problem

paralysis -- i can only imagine how anger-creating that is to watch the immigration crisis next income inequality cries, the austerity crisis, and not feel there was any solutions whatsoever. i think here we have an advantage. not only are we more diverse nation, but there have been really meaningful solutions at the local level to some extent the state level. one of the big x factors that is underreported in the last few years is that this movement for change that evinced itself in the bernie sanders campaign was already in many ways in motion though fight for $15 minimum wage, the actions on countries increasing paid sick leave and other issues. it's been a gathering reality for years and that means in a sense we are in a healthier place. some of these issues are actually being addressed. and i don't think we have the parallel -- yes, there's tremendous frustration, but our

party is in a much more frontal affirmative place, and i give hillary clinton a lot of credit. that platform, when that gets fully explained to the american people, it's the kind of thing that's going to draw people towards a sense that we actually can get it right again. i feel it's a very different reality. >> mr. mayor, we're getting the hook here so as we say goodbye, you're just back from a trip to italy with your family. tell us about that. >> my son has been studying italian in tux -- tuscany as a program, and he left america as a typical surley teenager and then he comes to me and starts speaking in italian. so the went back to being surly. >> i can relate. >> the hoonmann was over quickly. >> what was your best meal in

italy and. >> a lot of good meals. one by the river tiber in roam. i have family in rome. and the family gathered at this wonderful restaurant by the tiber river on a summer evening, and i will say some stereotypes are a little true so we are a very passionate and opinionated people so we were talking about brexit, about trump, and hillary, and there were many -- and it was glorious. >> we're looking forward to your speech tonight and thank you for the sneak peek and a great conversation. thank you, mr. mayor. >> thank you. have a great convention. now we're honored to welcome the mayor of the nation's largest state, jerry brown. -- governor. he was mayor, though. emperor. >> governor, how are you? thank you so much for being here. really appreciate it. this is a great honor for me.

i am a california -- >> why do you wear different sicks. >> the one time you're allowed to mismatch your socks. we have the unity of the red and the blue, so -- for the record i'm wearing the same color. >> the reason i say that -- excuse me -- francis coppola does the same thing, and i can't remember -- he wanted to be remembered or he did it for some other perverse reason, but he had a reason. so you're in a good lineage. >> thank you, governor. appreciate it. part of my lineage is california. i was born in long beach. i went to school -- >> rossmoore is an leisure world is that a -- senior citizen community? >> i wasn't in that part of it. >> breaking news, mike grew up in a senior -- >> i always thought that ross lawn was. a lot more than i understand.

>> so, right next to the naval base in seal beach -- >> that's a conservative part of california. >> it is, or at least it was. no doubt about -- governor, tonight, you're going to be speaking to the convention and i wonder if you give us a sneak peek of your -- you'll talk about climate change, what is going to be the headline. >> that's the only peek you're going to get. i don't like to anticipate my speeches. >> i can tell you a little more what you're going to say. >> i haven't fine issued writing it. >> you rule tam about donald trump's reckless denial and clintons leadership on it. >> i don't know. maybe you've putin have access to my e-mails. >> now, governor you first -- >> we can talk about the topic if you're interested in that. the speech is really not the point. the point is the overarching

threat to all living things, and to our country, and to so many other things. so it's a matter that takes great leadership and courage and a lot of people working together, which is not happening. as we talk. >> governor, the amazing history you have. you first spoke to a democratic national convention 24 years ago. what's a convention you would like -- >> i spoke in 1980. isn't that 36 years? >> 36 years. so, even more -- >> but who is counting. >> by the way,'ll send you -- a great pretty good speech. >> 1980 in madison square garden >> yes. >> we can talk about it. it's all in google. you can check it out. >> so what's a convention you would like to relive? >> i wouldn't. first of all, conventions are -- they have their open reality but they're extremely noisy and

sweaty and contentious. so, that's -- a., don't know that reliving is what i'm interested in i'm interested in living and all the things that are surprising and new about things. but convening are not one of the things i think about. >> what has surprise of surprised you about your conversations here in philadelphia. >> what has surprised me? actually nothing. it's pretty -- it's pretty much what i expect it. it's very hot. the democrats are being good democrats. very contentious. i thought the energy and excitement --...

>> days are like usually too long and too much food and maybe a too much drink sometimes. you know, a lot of exchanges. >> who have you spoken to? >> not anything deep or memorable. but a lot of quick interactions as you go along. but also see a lot of people you don't always see. >> who have you spoken to this time that you enjoyed? >> everybody i've spoken to i've enjoyed but -- >> careful. >> i don't want to just talk about the names you know about. just ordinary people. the most fun and excitement at a convention or the people who are coming for the first time. any of those people i don't know their name. but they come up to me and say hello and they are very glad to be there. these are the delegates, you know democrats have more delegates than any party in the

world. there's a lot of people have not been here and they're excited. i'm excited to be your. >> donald trump has said many times is going to put your state in play it is going to win. we had a conversation with kevin mccarthy from bakersfield, california, last week in cleveland and they told us 12 needs to win 40% of his desperate hispanic vote in california to have a chance. does the donald trump have a chance in your state? >> no. donald trump says a lot of things i would count, i guess he didn't say he would win california. is going to put it into play. that's trump for something but not clear what. i don't believe you when california. i don't believe that because on a host of issues he has a different point of view than california. >> have you met donald trump speak with yes, i have spent what they like? >> i made it on a plane once. it was quite enjoyable because he had a nice point. this was many years ago.

he was in palm springs. i was thinking about bringing ask you to oakland when i was mayor and he was there at the opening of a casino in palm springs. he gave me a ride back. the thing i remember most, he had a renoir in front of the plane. as a sitting there, i couldn't take my eyes off this wonderful french impressionist painting. >> to tell them you at the same renoir to? >> no. i was afraid is anything. but i was impressed. i've remembered that ever since. >> that's hard to forget, renoir on a plan. >> i don't know whether it was real or not. [laughter] i thought it was. i thought it was a taliban statement. >> he has a home in los angeles speed if he is a resident i hope he is paying is 13% income tax. i doubt that is his official residence. >> what were your impressions of him as a person from that plane

ride? >> i can't remember exactly. i don't know. it was a quick ride. plus it. i do anything unpleasant to talk about. he's a bigger than life character. my memory is consistent with that. >> governor brown got yesterday's front page, silicon valley said sanders california delegation among the loudest argument, they among the loudest, angriest in attacking clinton your will be california delegation come around to? >> look, i have attacked clinton and i've come around so i'm sure standards people will. that's politics and conventions and primaries. we've had many of them in the past, republican divisions have been great. i think there are some real issues but i think hillary is going to grab onto a lot of

these issues. i think the key point is the democratic party is distinctly different than the republican party. and particularly the republican party under trump. i would say sanders, he laid out a vision that was responded to by a lot of people. that's going to affect the party, the candidacy, of hillary. it's going to shape the world for the better. just make a lot of. people talk about movements -- a lot of mac. people go back and read my 1992 campaign, a lot of common with sanders but then what, where did these excitements go and how do they turn into laws or changes in attitudes? the fact is there's a lot of slippage between the speech and action and the law and the

change. each step along that change of events their slippage. there's hard to move things and i really is a great clinton's claim purchase experience, the knowledge. she's been through it. and she's made mistakes. i can tell you someone who's been through the process a long time, i ran for junior college board in los angeles in 1969, and the things you do that were good, you often don't identify how it all happened or you make a mistake, it leaves more and oppression of the more you think about it. your wisely. that's what experience is. it's the accumulation of events and actions and thoughts and other consequences turned out. that level of experience can have no substitute. when you're in business, you have one variable. it's called revenue over cost.

money. that's one. it's a one variable operation. in politics you do with psychology,duty with religion, deal with feelings, power relationships. it's very sophisticated and she can't come through a one variable world into a multi-terrible universe and expect to have the skill and confidence in the know did not make catastrophic mistakes. i think in this campaign that is the central difference beside the balance between hillary and trump's. one of the mistakes -- >> i believe that to her own -- i never, one thing i should say, we like to close your mistakes. i sit in the catholic church we go to confession and private. spent we thought this was confession. [laughter] >> so you endorse hillary clinton before your state's primary. stood in a very articulate letter that i hope speakers i have. i have it committed to memory.

you want to cited together the? >> no. >> did you talk to her before you endorsed or? >> i did on a talk to build. >> what were those conversations like? >> i enjoyed them. bill clinton is a very interesting and i want is a fun. that's not exactly -- i enjoy speaking with and because he's been around. she's been through it all and his love of knowledge. i think that's very important. i see now but it didn't seem 1969. the experience action as value. a bunch of characters can be not so good. they are thrown out of politics but if you have the right outages going through it over decades, it's very helpful. in talking to bill clinton in those stuff. so does hillary.

they have been around. we are in a very dangerous world and a very complicated world and changing all the time, and i think that's an experience. when i wrote about i said she's ready on day one to lead the country. i meant that everything is different. you can talk about it, sitting uncommon, writing, whatever you do but being on the field and making decisions and being that the line of fire is a totally different experience. hillary has that i think it's important, particularly important at this time in our history. >> imaging your 1992 presidential race when you're the last man standing against the then governor clinton. 4 million votes. you understand the bernie diehards spent trying to stand that when you raise money and to give a lot of speeches and you mobilize the elite since of

millions of people come how do you all of a sudden say stop, i was only kidding? vote for the other person. it's psychologically, it takes a day to turn the you don't turn a ship in the ocean just automatically. so there's a little turning and so it takes a while. >> it was a headline, bernie sanders exit draws comparison to jerry brown. you talking about, tell us how he also feels the spirit i'm glad they're using that comparison. >> why do you like that comparison? >> because i like to be wrong. [laughter] >> we would love to open it up for a question or two. let's talk about your home state of california. you have endorsed harris and the california senate race. tell us about that race and what

she is the best candidate. >> well because she is the experience as attorney general. she was a prosecutor. she was elected in san francisco. she is local government and state government experience and i've worked with her and i think she would represent our state knowledgeably and well and articulately. that's what i endorsed or. >> a bit of a four-year question, who is going to succeed you out as governor? >> i know you like prophecy but prophecy -- >> you are a prophet. >> no. i'm a politician. >> same thing. >> someone wrote a book once about every decided high priest low politician but not a profit. so we don't know the future. it's always up in the air. >> who would you like to succeed you? >> are not going to express likes and dislikes at this point. why would i do that? just to give you a little

newsline. it disrupts things. different people run, and let me give you a basic lesson in politics. it's about addition of subtraction. >> you could add to the conversation. >> you could add to the conversation but you subtract the allegiance of all the people he did not endorse. it's better to keep things up in the air for a while. >> governor brown, california leading indicator of what's going to happen to the rest of the nation on so many issues and you provided leadership on minimum wage, on income inequality come on immigration, on climate change. you are supporting a criminal justice ballot initiative which have had such great conversations you're into political of a criminal justice warm including a great conversation the other night. i've include alicia keys. what is the ballot initiative aims to stop the revolving door of and to help her that

recidivism, what is the biggest goal of that and what is the outlook for it? >> putting it simply, california had something called the in deterrence and for six years. 1977 i a polished it with the idea that we needed a certain punishment and a punishment that fit the crime, not the criminal. whereas the indeterminate sentence said you were sent to prison five to life, or one year to 10 years. when you get out, it is by how you behave in prison. the parole board will decide that. at the time there was criticism particularly from the left that some groups and individuals in prison were kept longer because of discrimination. somewhat in the spirit of black lives matter. so that was a fun. but it turns out that was a mistake.

there's a case where i would say that was not smart. the reason is would you give someone a fixed term, you are in for eight years exactly. you know when you're getting out. you in for 15 years. there's no incentive to not get in the game. the prisons are doing so in equity, gangsters, dope, violence, mexican mafia, the aryan brotherhood, the black guerrilla family. these are not nice. they are very powerful and intimidating. you need an incentive for when an inmate to avoid that, to go to class, to take drug treatment if you need to come mental-health programs, get involved and vocational training, be positive. the they could save you can get out a few years earlier if we think you are rehabilitated, then that makes the prisons safer, makes the individual when they're going back to society,

which 90% of the do, a lot more ready to be good citizens. the idea of the ability to rehabilitate in prison and get out earlier is a safety measure. it makes california safer. the recidivism rate under the fixed since which i signed was much higher under the indeterminate sentence. so what we're doing in california, in a list of crimes that are not violate your eligible for parole after you serve your primary offense. what does that mean? in california since i signed that law, every year in hundreds and even thousands of instances they changed the law. usually making it tougher. they have added 400 enhancements. you not only have 5100 separate criminal offenses, and remember we have the 10 commandments and

we've had them for 2700 years. in california we changed our criminal law thousands of times and we have 5100 laws. on top of that, interacting and complicated if we have 400 enhancements. for example, if you think of you can get 25 years more. if you are in prison before you can get another five years. if you in a day you can get another five years. you pile it on better fix. what i'm saying is this whole mess really but as it is. we're not going to try to redo it but create the opportunity off a roll after you've a certain amount of time, feature on the nonviolent list and create what i call rehabilitative or educational achievements. this is not just sitting around and achieve a good time. this is burning milestones, achievements that in the minds of the prison authorities make you eligible to go back into society.

this is really a safety measure of both in the prisons and it society and it's a human measure. it treats people as though they have free will. when you have a fixed sentence you have no control of your life. when you can earn a date of your release, you know power over your life and that power is exactly what you need to learn how to handle and that's what this is a real opportunity to make california safer, reduce recidivism and treat people as though they do it in their capabilities to do good as well as bad. >> you really turned around state finances with another ballot initiative that raised taxes on estates richest residents. income inequality has become such a flashpoint in silicon valley. how do you see that being diffused? >> what was the last word?

>> how do you see it? i said defuse. >> diffuse. that makes it sound like we're going to defuse the issue but not solve the problem. that's kind of the politics -- >> how are you going to solve the problem? >> the problem is you make more money than the average person in america. that's a problem. can we make it less? can we make -- >> my bosses are here so don't say that too loud. >> is the problem. in the last 30-35 years the stratification in america has become really bad in my opinion. in some ways obscene. the people at the top, the owners of the companies are making huge amounts relative to what they made just 30 years ago. the average ceo they say is 30 30-40 times more than the average person who works for them.

now in many cases it's 300 times. what makes the boss 10 times better now than 30 years ago? there's a lot of reasons. technology, globalization, large enterprises so the guy at the top, ideology. people that the guy at the top is doing it well. in truth we're all part of an enterprise and we all are worth our contribution and how we measure that is a political question. it's also a moral and human question. how to redo the? we raise the minimum wage, we set a $15 minimum wage. we've added family and sick leave to the equation, so another protections like improved worker's compensation and such but actually getting at this gross stratification, i don't know anybody who has a real good answer to that because once people get something they don't want to give it a. if you tel count those ceos aght

what you're making 20 million a year we would be a nice salary of 900,000. that is going to be, it's impossible at this point. i don't know what it takes another economic disruption or what it takes. so when it makes sense we've created a lot of inequality and i think the best way forward is to make our schools, places of opportunity to make sure the minimum wage is decent. make sure everybody has a portal health care, make sure our cities are wonderful places with safe streets and libraries and parks and try to make as good a society is possible. it is going to be hard to attack what is global. it's true in china, and russia got a new york. it's true in arkansas. we have a growing inequality. if we can curb it, in california our tax, 13% tax does that. so the top 1%, famous top 1%,

they pay 60% of the california income tax and 60%. the income tax is half of our general fund revenue. that's fair. of course, it has the unintended consequence that makes the tax system very volatile and virtually impossible to manage. between fairness and practicality falls in the shadow. i would say we are doing a lot, not enough for me human and moral sense but we will do more as the opportunity presents. >> last issue. spent we can't let the government do without asking if you ever run for public office again spent let's see. i will be 80 when i finish. i think at least two more offices. [laughter] >> governor, last issue before we wind down his confession. we are falling asleep on nuclear weapons. >> we are.

i would venture to say that there are no more than three people in this room if that who know the firepower of our nuclear arsenal that is ready to go today. in hiroshima we dropped a bomb. truman gave the order to drop 15 kilotons on hiroshima. to 80,000 instantly and meaning anymore later from radiation. america's 54,000 times the firepower that was dropped on hiroshima. most people in congress think we need more and better. i say that's insane. it's not human and we have to be cutting back. the trillion dollar modernization program needs to be dramatically changed and reformed. that's not happening. of the are a few senators who are trying to stop the cruise missile but we need to go a lot further. it's very dangerous.

the russians had the same 54,000 times what we dropped off hiroshima. the indians and pakistanis can get into a regional war. nuclear materials our lives in many places. if the islamists fanatic get a hold of it they could drop on the nation's capital and decapitate our country. business is business. it takes a real change in america but it takes working with putin and president she and other people in the world, we have a lot to do virtually no conversation about this and it is damn

>> governor, lasting is you have a passion for family history. what is something you've learned about your family it would be interesting to our audience? >> i just learned my grandmother, she came from, her father came from prussia. and i learned some of those relatives made some money. they were not -- some of their

descendents did pretty well. although after world war ii they lost it all. they wrote to some of our relatives it and asked for help and they never heard. three years ago i came and knocked on the door in germany and met a man whose great-grandfather was my great grandfather's brother. he said, we wrote this letter to you way back, my mother did in 1945. i said, i'm here. i'm here to help. [laughter] >> governor brown. it's such an honor. thank you so much. look forward to speech tonight. had a great convention. >> thank you. >> thank you, governor. >> thank you very much governor brown. what an honor and now it's great to welcome tour stage the campaign manager for hillary clinton. thank you so much for being here.

>> good to see you. >> i heard this is your last. >> never true. i'm not going anywhere but will have fun and hopefully this isn't your last either. >> this morning the headlines, first woman, clinton wins historic nomination. the "new york times" better, democrats make clinton historic nominee, congratulations. what does secretary clinton move been in your most recent conversations with her? >> that's a good question. i think last that she was probably a combination of excited, overwhelmed, and just grateful to everybody. >> in the video that appeared, where was she? >> she was in chappaqua with her supporters, and they were elated as well.

the coolest part about that video was nobody knew it was coming. we flashed the pictures of the president, all of our previous 44 presidents, all men, and then she popped on the screen and the glass shattered and the whole crowd, florida. it was really great to witness. >> campaign manager of the nominee, what are you physically during the speech is? >> it depends. most of the time i'm down in our staff workroom. i was up there for which he came on the screen and then i was up there as well for the end of the roll call which was pretty special. >> take us inside your convention. there must be a lot of demands on your time. what is a day like for you? >> it start really early and it goes really late. i've been trying to get more than four hours of sleep but i've been struggling. i'm sure you guys are as well.