day i want my next brain surgeon or the next app developer to be the best person for the job. unfortunately, in the united states it matters a lot more what the income of brainre surgeons parents were than the actual ability. that is a real concern especially when you look at this david which is an increasing amount of income are flowing again to this very tiny group of folks at the top prospect in ohio, monroe county is the unequal county in ohio accordinl to research, the top 1% make almost 32 times more than the bottom 99% of the average income of the top 1% is over $143 million the average income of the bottom 99% is aboutto $42,000. pod is in shaker heights, ohio. good morning. >> good morning. mark price, you can tell me you want to read this report. two comments for you and the question.

one, do you make a have a distinction between things being unequal, not mr. cicilline ing the as things being unfair?ng i'm finding that a common problem with people that talk about this publicly especially in the political arena. just because things are unequaln doesn't mean they are being treated unfair. number two, in reference to what richard was saying prior to me, du acknowledged it's not just a matter of who your parents are insourcing, but how will you respond education? there's lots of well educated people that respond in a very mediocre way to get education that they have. and then my question is, what do you feel is the best way to assess the problem of somebody come a group of people that got a bad start as a result of the parents that are very capable as far as being part of the american way? that's it.

>> guest: absolutely. those are very powerful and important questions. thank you very much. on the first issue, unequal is necessary unfair. i think that's correct. just thinking about it, folks at home i'd be saying the rich have always been getting richer. what's the big deal? i think again as we demonstrate in the report that's not always it has not always b it's the case that the ceo of general motors in 1960 had much more income than the janitor at general motors. that's circuitry and that reflects that ceo has more responsibility and the janitor does.r but over time what's happened is that ceo has continued to rise why canada has been falling. it doesn't reflect in our view changes in the billy. it just reflects changes in the economy that are biased the growth and income to float to the top 1%. t i agree with you, unequal is not necessary unfair.

we are asking the question that he doesn't seem to be a good reason why income would be so poorly distributed on to your second point with respect to it matters a lot how you use your education to i couldn't agreeee. more. a simple point i think, counterpoint would be to think about the great recession, the most severe recession we have experienced since the great depression. it is widely acknowledged that a key contributor to those events were the financial executives at the nation's major banks, mortgage lenders to use of folkg with some of the best education money can buy and they succeeded in facilitating destruction of billions, trillions of dollars in value in the u.s., not to say that they are solely responsible but to acknowledge that education come irreplaceable but there are also is something else going on that's driving income to the topic to your third

point, perhaps beyond any quality, our greatest challenge continues to be what do we do for kids in poor school w districts in baltimore, in philadelphia in downtown losph angeles? executive tremendous ability. what we need to do is step up and provide them with the resources so they can achieve the full potential that they have. i think that's one of the most pressing issues we face. climate change any quality and how we're going to lift up millions of kids who really are our future and we will depend upon. >> host: in the state of new than $2takes more than million to be the average of the $2 million to be the average of the top of 1% in the state of new york. just to make 1%, just mak to mat to the top 1% you need to make at least $500,000 if the average income of the other 99% in new

york is about $44,000. we are talking with mark price of the economic policy institute about his report. time for one or two more calls. do we have anymor any more back, bark price? we will take david for a second in new york, new york, on the life of the civic under $25,000. go ahead. callback i want to say that this income inequality has been going on for so many decades.s. the rich are getting richer. we are like brazil now come close to bangladesh in the division of wealth between rich and poor.. people can't buy things as the french economist wrote a book, n people, service sector centered but we can't buy anything. minimum wage. if people go to the neighborhoods in the bronx, i

live in manhattan, went stabilized apartment long time been a. but people suffer on a daily basis. people suffer in this country so that one-tenth of 1% can be billionaires. people should go back to senator sanders campaign stump speeches to see, he highlighted the sense that we can't forget, now that we have a choice, what is a choice between donald trump and somebody else who i will vote for hillary clinton, but i don'w think establish the democratic party or the republican party are served as well and have brought us into the situationa where we are at the precipice of a neofascist -- >> host: hillary clinton isy. going to be in columbus, ohio, today. it is being billed as a major economic address by herbert what did you expect to hear? do you think some of those ideas from bernie from bernie sanders that you gee is referencing that you want to

more of, do you think that will rub off on hillary clinton? callback yes, i really do. i've been watching, thank you committee debate.latform committee. and discussions. they are so wonderful.t is because of that's because of bernie sanders biggest something everybody has gotten religion really on social issues, social justice. me of those things and so we'll have a good platform, we will have a unity movement. that i hope bernie's movement that the political revolution can continue as in charge of the democratic party to do what tava smiley and cornell west tried to do with our wonderful presidentt obama, push him from the left for social justice. i hope that continues to i think the youth of america, i'm 67 but the youth of america are wonderful.ri 45 and younger.nderful, 45 and e have shown themselves to be

wonderful and we need is political revolution to continue because unless we get money out of politics -- >> host: got your point. we are running out of town. bellwood illinois.50,000 in annl can you make it quick? callback just want to make a quick comment. i'm a minority. not as good as -- sound like i just was a quick comment but hillary clinton taught me about income any quality. she wishes -- when you get thousands of dollars forr her se 1eeches and -- [inaudible] i'm a young person and i can get my education like, like i can'ti

can' afford college, like. who knows what's going tost: happen? >> host: mark price, i want to leave it with you in a last minute or so, mounting debt and how it is impacting people's ability to make money? >> guest: absolutely. part of the discussion today focused on the folk predicted education fix a bill right. that's another issue where you would know or it's harder and harder for people to get accessg to a good quality higher education. increasing states are cutting back support for public universities and that's led to a rise in tuition and for a lot of students to just look at a choif terrible choice, a mountain of student loan debt in order to do what we're asking them to do in order to lift themselves up. it's clearly another

illustration that policy is gone in a very poor direction, that it's helped feed this inequality because it's putting kids today a really an unforgivable position of having to mortgage their future in ways that their parents and their grandparents were not expected to do and i think that's unfortunate. >> host: the name of the report income inequality, markt, price is an economist, one of the co-authors of the report. thanks for taking time to talk about it with us today. >> guest: thank you, john.al it was great to be. post a both presidential candidates set to get the first national security briefings sometime this week according to news reports. we are joined on the phone by former acting director of the cia john mclaughlin for some insight into what is inside of those briefings. director mclaughlin, thank you for joining us this morning. >> guest: good morning, bill.

>> host: how did these briefings come about? when did they first start? >> guest: they've been doing briefings like this since 1952nc when harry truman was president. truman recognized that the candidates that year, dwight eyes of an adlai stevenson, should be briefed on foreign policy before they walk into the oval office in order to be prepared for what was then a very small jewels world. it's been going on all of the time since. while i was in office i did visit several times, briefed candidate bush in 2000 beenca briefed john kerry a couple of times in 2004. been pres and had been president clinton'd briefer after was elected in the period when he was president-elect. >> host: in this atmosphere of these reported russian hacks, how does a cia director or a briefer ensure that briefing

states classified first in terms of where it's done and in terms of other people allowed in the room? >> guest: at the end of the day you are trusting the discussion of the candidate and other people who may accompany him are typically a candidate in these briefings is not accompanied by a large number of people. there might be one or two close aides who are allowed to be there. at the end of the day, you are really just trusting their discretion, patriotism, good judgment and order to maintain the confidentiality of what they are hearing. >> host: for the candidates to specific threats or general, broad issues of national security? >> guest: in my experience it's quite specific in terms of the threats and the assessment of them. it's less specific in terms of the precise nature of the

sources, the identity of thee sources that are contributing to those assessments. and also the methods by which intelligence acquired that information. so in other words, you really don't hold back on the bottom line if you will. here's what's happening in china, in russia, in iran, in syria, in quite clear terms, but you don't go into all of the details about precisely how we f acquired of this and so forth. that comes after a person is elected president at which time of course they are entitled to anything they want to know from the intelligence world. >> host: ahead of election day or ahead of one of them being elected president, how often are these briefings done? >> guest: it varies. some presidential candidates, for example, president bill clinton, or candidate bill clinton i think have one of these briefings for an hour or

two. senator john kerry as i recalled had at least two and maybe more. i certainly did to the there may have been some additional briefings with him. there are times when candidates have had four, five sessions with intelligence as thehe campaign goes a long. so the frequency and the location of the briefings ise negotiate with the city whitee house between the candidates, representatives at the white house. so they can vary from one to many depending on what the two sides agree on. >> host: with its been a presidential candidate or a member of congress, have you ever had concerns over briefing an individual and what would s disqualify somebody from receiving one of these briefings? >> guest: i have not had concerns like that in the past. and in the few number of times i've done this of course. what would disqualify someone?

i think what would really disqualify them would be raking the rules after the briefing. in other words, effect of such a briefing they simply went out and talked openly about everything that had beente discussed in terms of, in terms of data violated the term understanding that they would it be discreet about what they heard. that i think would also the disqualify them but i'm not aware in the past of in the past that they think someone has dono before the briefings that would disqualify them. many people ask this question. they ask in the of some of the things that donald trump has said, is it okay to brief him? here's how i see. i think when somebody becomes a presidential candidate, they are entitled to these briefings. you simply have to trust that having reached that stage ofof political achievement, that they

are going to handle these briefings responsibly. that is where i am on that. we l >> host: i will direct our viewers and our listeners to a piece you wrote about a month ago on what comes first intelligence briefing we look alike, from john mclaughlin. is it director clapper will do this first briefing? do you have an idea of when that might be this week? >> guest: i don't know when it will be. it will be director clapper who organizes the. i do know that he will do it personally chair keep me. there have been instances in the past would have at intelligence committee has done this personally. i believe that was the case with candidate bill clinton. back all those years. but director clapper, he will organize it and designate who will do the briefings. could be himself, could be

somebody designates. could be one person, could the 18th of people that it's been done both ways and i do know precisely how that is going to happen or when it will happen. >> host: former acting director of the cia in the bush administration john mclaughlin. they do so much for the insight this morning. >> guest: thank you, bill. >> did you miss any of the national conventions? you can go back and watch every moment. go to c-span.org different every speech from both conventions and watch on-demand whenever you want. here's how to at the top of the c-span.org obeyed the on either convention where you'll find videos from hd of both conventions. you can find convention highlights near the top. ..

steen election wherever you are. it's free to download from the apple app store or google play. stay up-to-date on all the election coverage. c-span radio app means you always have c-span on the go. >> coming up shortly, a forum about religious extremism in africa. state department specialists and african studies scholar will talk about how religious societies and the media can control this issue per the center for strategic and international studies is hosting the live discussion.