>> isn't there an inconsistency between saying it's terrible and destabilizing that president putin might be cost of living using nuclear weapons first and saying the u.s. needs the option of using nuclear weapons first? >> i don't think they are a poster i think what you want to do is you want to deter russia. we are talking of who we want to deter russia. if the russian president believes our policy is such that he can escalate in order to get something, then i think that changes the calculus. i think what we need to do is for vladimir putin to understand that there is no way you can use a nuclear weapon and believe it's okay to do that. >> how is his the first use of different from our first use? >> i think the difference is, here's what i'm looking at.

and this country we're not going to take a nuclear exercise and we will not put on youtube and we are not going to put in english. that's a fundamental different way of looking at it. we also don't stand up with a bunch of people explaining about our nuclear force and a very bellicose manner, nor in ukraine saying i have nuclear weapons. we know he has nuclear weapons. i think it's a completely different look at the way the system operates and the way he operates. our responsibility to give the president options. he's going to me, he or she will make the final decision of what that's like and what is in the best interest of the united states. but i've had a couple of questions and i don't know what goes through the minds of other national leaders or international leaders. i don't know what goes in the head of russia's our what goes into the head of china. that's not my job. but my job is to make sure that from a military standpoint that

we have systems that are capable enough that the other nations no that they work. and i think that's the difference. [inaudible] >> that's correct. that's what he said. there's a bigger issue. the big issue is the federal acquisition ranks. for a milestone a decision from the first of an acquisition process, you need a cost estimate. you need independent cost estimate. that's where we are right now. we are developing, not we. and that will be done by august. and that's what mr. kendall will use and you will make a decision on the cost and that goes in the decision because it's required by the federal acquisition regulation which is required by

law. all of that is on track right now. and that is a tough thing to assume as you give date of human rights advocate and if you don't meet the date they think something is wrong. that's not the way the world works. one more. >> i know these have been planned for quite some time to do the cruise missile and ballistic missile competition, but why launch of these programs before a new administration comes in next year? why not wait for them, then exit administration to make decisions to move forward with these programs? >> i'm not a politician so i'm not going to there. but what i will say is we have a president of the united states and the as the president until he is no longer the president of right now when you look at all modernization program, that's the schedule. a new administration can

determine whatever they like across the full gamut of what the military provides and they will make decisions. for right now i the commander-in-chief. we support our commander-in-chief and we have a schedule to support our water station programs. for the schedule it was releasing these activities in 2016 and that's exactly what we are doing. all right. [applause] >> thank you all for your support for this series. i now have to go back and start planning next year. which you will hear from me but thank you, general for your remarks. thank you to our supporters, our embassy college after military officers. thank you very much. and thank you, general weinstein, for those remarks and thank you all. we will see you in september for the upcoming space events. thank you.

[applause] [inaudible conversations] even more go to the widest coverage beginning at noon eastern with hillary clinton speaking to african-american and hispanic journalist. live coverage starting at noon eastern on c-span. donald trump hold a rally tonight in green bay, wisconsin. c-span but live coverage starting at 8 p.m. eastern. daniel middaugh, vote getters for nurses is more engagement by country the middle east and north africa is needed in the fight against basis. he talks with the recent attempted coup in turkey and its impact on his couch. the german marshall fund hosted

this event. >> there are so many topics we could talk about. isn't needed in washington already covering everything from energy to trade. he has a hard stop your message is going to meet with tony blinken, another to the state department, but we thought we would focus on the nato summit which just took place in warsaw. so let me just open but asking you, based on bulgaria's priorities, for you what was the most important outcomes in warsaw? >> thank you very much for the warm welcome. wanonce again apologies for the fact we were late and just, you are rightly mentioned that it takes quite a while and easy to move around. >> that could be -- >> there was no intention. it was not a euphemism, but it

came out very rightly. so first when it comes to the nato summit, it was a long expected event. because what we expected from the summit and what happened was somehow to recapitulate the achievements after the wales summit and to build up on that. everything that we have laid as goals and expectations from the wales summit was basically achieved. and from then on we needed to move on with several very important, important points which tackled the geopolitical challenges which surround

especially -- [inaudible] from vulgaris perspective what we have as a goal was first to be sure that the southeastern and northeastern in the southeastern dimensions of the flank of nato are equally regarded as important a. very often we speak about baltic states, about poland and so on, but some of the black sea region and the southeast as i mentioned has been mentioned but not so we'll focus on. so our goal was basically to bring up this equality between the two -- >> we believe this conversation at this point and go live now to the national urban league's conference taking place in baltimore. starting with a discussion on criminal justice reform and ending mass incarceration introducing the session is certainly president marc morial.

this is just getting underway. >> including developing and implementing compliance programs across companies. is also the chair of the board of directors for the coalition for public safety, on the board of the justice action network. these are both organizations that advocate for criminal justice reform. please welcome to the national urban league, 2016 conference jenny. [applause] >> good morning and happy friday. thank you, marc, for the guy introduction. we at koch industries are honored to serve as the sponsor of this plenary session. "save our cities." we believe individual liberty, adheres to the bill of rights and the freedom to succeed paved the road to a for your and more

just america. but right to our criminal justice system is failing all americans and to private our people of opportunity to come as mr. spock out star trek we put them live long and prosper. we recognize the explosive increased incarceration and tax disadvantaged and minority can reduce the most common nationally as you are all were aware, african-americans are jailed at a rate almost four times that of white americans. for over a decade, koch industries has advocate vigorously for comprehensive criminal justice reform to make the system more fair for all americans and our senior vice president and general counsel mark holden will speak more extensively about our efforts on the panel. that is why along with laura and john arnold, the ford foundation, at the john d. and katherine t. macarthur foundation, we are proud to have founded and funded the coalition for public safety, the largest

national right left partnership effort to improve our criminal justice system to be more fair, smarter and cost-effective. as the torture of his organization i am very proud to be collaborate with the coalition's president stephen hawkins who should be in this audience somewhere. and it's left and the right partners to demonstrate that different voices and perspectives of good faith can engage respectively and agree upon solutions to great positive change to the system, and positive changes to any system cannot happen without engagement at all levels and active listening. that is why our and the divide initiative seeks to encourage meaningful and substantive discussion about one, breaking down the barriers to opportunity, number two, and a special treatment for the politically connected, and finally protecting and defending free expression. we all need to listen to what is

being said as well as what is not being said and to figure out how to bridge those gaps and build trust. as a friend from the aclu once told me, we need to listen and to engage whether or not we like what is being said and not just when it is convenient. remember when the heart does not tell the truth, pain to shoot into. as we all wor worked in the divi thank you for your time and we are excited to participate. we look forward to engaging with all of you to create solutions. thank you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, our next presenter is not new to the national urban league.

he is always with us at our conference. he's a friend of the national urban league. is a friend of mine. is one of the most important voices on civil rights and social justice in this nation in these times. i want to say as we always say that the civil rights leadership of the 21st century finds common ground, works together, does not engage in petty bickering, turf battles. we are unified in trying to work on the difficult challenges we face. ladies and gentlemen, i'm proud to welcome back to the national urban league the reverend al sharpton. [applause] >> thank you to marc morial and to all of the national urban league. i'm very happy to be at another

conference of the national urban league, and certainly my friend and colleague mark coryell. no one has been more and no one has fought harder -- marc morial -- to correct the ills of we face in this country that marc morial has in over a decade as president of his organization. let me be very clear to you as we gather in baltimore, that we are at a very critical time in the history of this country, and in the landscape of urban america. we are in an election that is as polarized and is as hostile as we've ever seen it. but more than the rhetoric and the theatrics is the reality. when we are given with mass incarceration, when we are dealing with the question of police reform, when we are dealing with the questions of

economic inequality and wage stagnation, when we are dealing with education inequality, all of these issues are front and center, and cannot be dealt with in an emotional way. it must be dealt with for concrete solutions. i was saying last night, on top of that, the optics will change because we are now faced with the first time in history that we will see a white succeed a black president. even our youngsters that feel the inequality who had the hope of watching a black family walk out of the white house and walk across that long every day, that will be removed. i hope the right white is coming across that stage. but nontheless, the cosmetic

change will drive it even more home to a bout of us that have to do with his on the ground. it is then that climate that we must address the real basic question of criminal justice reform and the reformer in of our economic arrangements in this country, which is why it is critical national urban league and others that have a long-standing commitment and ability continue to work together. we cannot just have flashpoint movements to subtle systemic problems. [applause] flashpoints are good. immediate reactions are good that if you don't have permanent institutions to deal with matters, then we will not see institutional change.

one of the things we said national action network is one of the reasons it's important to urban league and n.a.n. and black women's roundtable does is that when you have a police matter, clearly all please are not guilty. most are not guilty of doing wrong, but when there is a serious allegation, they can depend on an institution, their union to provide them with resources and legal advice and media advice and family counselors. only an institution can stand up against that. this weekend when i leave here i'm going to ferguson. it's the second anniversary of the police killing of michael brown. this week we are here seen a policeman in baltimore and was convicted of doing is wrong to a citizen, even after the freddie gray police were let go. we are not in the beginning of

seeing something in america, critical. we are in the middle of it being critical. we don't have to go back to selma and montgomery. it's happening right now in ferguson, in staten island, in sanford, florida. the question is will they be able to rise to the occasion as they arose the vacation and dealt with those things in the '60s? this is our challenge big this is our mandate and i'm glad we stand with marc morial and the national urban league to not just be a flash in the past but to change the temperature in the kitchen to make sure that all americans can 12 together. thank you. [applause] >> urban leaguers reverend al sharpton, one more time give them a big and. [applause]

let's change the temperature in the kitchen and to change the temperature in the kitchen, what are they going to do? >> vote. >> next i'm proud to welcome to the national urban league, the president and ceo of the naacp, cornell william brooks. cornell, a lawyer prime minister is 18 person to serve as chief executive of the association. ladies and gentlemen, consistent to what we have today i want to note that the naacp, the national urban league, the national action network, and soon the black women's roundtable, we are all coalesced working together on issues of economic opportunity, education reform, criminal justice reform and voting rights act reform. just a little about cornell brooks, a graduate of head start and yale law school. he considers himself a grandson, and air and beneficiary of a

landmark brown v. board of education decision. which was argued by the legendary naacp counsel and baltimore than thurgood marshall. before becoming president of the naacp, cornell led the new jersey institute for social justice. he directed that institute's efforts to win and past three landmark prisoner reentry bills in 2010 in the state of new jersey. those bills are a model for the nation. ladies and gentlemen, he is an expert. is walk the walk on criminal justice reform. we are so happy to welcome to the national urban league cornell william brooks. [applause] >> good morning. we are at a moment in our

countries history where leadership cannot be taken for granted. there are those who are adept and articulate in front of cameras, and then there are those who are skilled and deeply committed and sacrificially committed to the work of the nation. you have that kind of leadership in marc morial. i'm going to ask you to put your hands together for your own, the president and ceo of the national urban league. [applause] >> this is a moment where the national urban league has convened in the hometown of the naacp, to lift up the cause and the concern of a generation of americans who find themselves profiled and criminalized by the criminal justice system. that would be a 2.2 million

americans who are incarcerated in this country. the 1 million american fathers who are incarcerated in this country. the 65 million americans who have criminal records. the wind out of three african-american men who can expect to spend some time in their life behind bars. it is a moment in our country that has been described by the scholar michel alexander as the new jim crow. it has been described by the scholar douglas blackmon slavery by another name. this is the era of mass incarceration did it is a moment that transcend rhetoric get it is a moment that transcend political platforms. it is a moment that speaks to who we are, where we're headed and what we represent as a nation. it is a moment that calls for serious calls to reform. what does that mean?

it means that we have to sentencing reform the represents an and, a categorical total and to minimum sentences your. [applause] i didn't say the beginning of an end. i said the and. where we of mandatory minimums the represent mandatory ambition, mandatory condemnation, a mandatory condemning of our people to the bowels of the criminal justice system, we have to bring that to an end. it also means that we have to take some of the lessons that we've learned in state capitals and state legislators across the country and take action with respect to federal legislation. here in the audience we have one of the leaders of that effort. from virginia congressman bobby scott. if you don't know me and you should know him because he is leading that fight. [applause]

in the halls of congress with marc morial, with al sharpton, with melanie campbell and with so many of you. we need to stand behind those who are pushing for sears reform and we need to set the floor of compromise really high. in other words, we can't back down from a commitment to ending this era of mass incarceration globally, categorically. we are also at a moment where we have to do something about policing on the front end. so in other words, where our sons and daughters, our grandsons and granddaughters, our aunts and uncles, our mothers and fathers encountered the police on the streets. and they find themselves being treated as third class citizens in this republic. we have to bring about an end to predatory policing. how can we do that? the naacp only a few weeks ago

at our national convention called upon both residential candidates, all presidential candidates and the whole of the country to take what we call an american pledge to preserve and protect our lives. that is to say we are calling upon presidential candidates, upon securing the office of the white house, to act within 100 days to bring about an end to predatory policing. things like defunding law enforcement agencies have been found to have engaged in a pattern and practice of discrimination. defined them. [applause] that is to say we should not be in the business of subsidizing those who are discriminated against us. number two, calling for data that is to say transparency with respect to how we are being treated in the midst of our democracy. when the head of the fbi can't tell you what the "washington

post" can tell you, that is to say how may people have lost their lives advance of the please in a given year, i.e. 950 last year, well over 500 this year, we have a problem. we need that kind of data. we also need to have a minimum standard of conduct. how is it that when you drove down state 95 there was a state limit, how was it that when it comes to our law enforcement agencies we have no national standard with excessive use of force wrecks we have no national certification. we can do something about that. lastly, all of these measures cannot be realized unless we use the vote. we -- yes, on the precipice of the first presidential election in 50 years without the full protection of the voting rights act. we are at a point in our nation's history where we have

to combine the energy and -- of protests with the practicality of the polls with the utility of policy. protests, holes and policy. every demonstrator needs to be a voter. every voter needs to be a demonstrator. we need to be in the streets and at the polls and in the millions. it's just that clear. [applause] final note. if we are to do that, it depends on all of us working together. we need the national urban league. you are a part of an iconic american institution that has dedicated itself this year at this moment to save our cities. you are here under the leadership of marc morial. you were here as a part of a great and grand post-millennium civil rights movement. we are asking you to join with

the naacp, join with the black women's roundtable, join with the national action network. let us join together and let us turn around this wideout, kind of the senate, turn around the house of representatives come around this vision and let us lead because heretofore we've had those who have talked about leadership. we have had those who pretended to be leaders by iac in this room at this time at this convention the real leaders of this country and we call upon you to leave it. [applause] >> thank you, cornell. let's give him another big hand. bringing fire, bringing intelligence, bringing vision. [applause] my very good college, a friend melanie campbell, president and ceo. she wears two hats, the national coalition on black civil

participation is an umbrella organization that works on voter registration, education and get out the vote efforts. she's also the convener of a black women's roundtable which is an organization of black women who were in the forefront in business and politics, civil rights and civic affairs. she's from florida and she's been a fighter for civil rights, youth rights and women rights for over 20 years. and leading, organizing and managing successful civic engagement and a civil rights issue based campaign, she's a hard-working leader. she's a wonderful sister. i'm so pleased she's with us again. ladies and gentlemen, please greet a good friend of the urban league movement, melanie campbell. [applause]

>> good morning, urban leaders. i'm going to say this again. good morning. thank you, kind one, for inviting me to join you in the she. today is a bittersweet moment for me. for this time last year those who know me, my mom and my brother isaac were with me down in fort lauderdale. my mom passed away after suffering a massive stroke on june 15 come to seven days after her 87th birthday. y'all, she was still driving, okay? so she left the way she wanted to leave. i want to think you might urban league family for the love you showed my mom last year.

she had such a wonderful time, and, for the prayers. my mom caught me so much in my life, especially about courage and resilience. so i know she would want me to be here with you to take care of business, to keep pushing, fighting for civil rights, women's rights and social justice. moving forward on my journey. so i just dropped by, you know, y'all know i like to drop by this morning to share a few thoughts with you. we have 95 days left before the november 8 election. we will vote for the 45th president of the united states, 435 members of the u.s. house of representatives, 34 u.s. senators am a 13 governors, 88 of the 99 state legislative chambers to 41 of the 100 largest cities are holding municipal elections including

the city of baltimore. i've heard reverend al say but i will repeat it again because it's really come we don't know how this will feel and to always remind us, we'll be electing the first white president that will follow the first white president. you all know how that's going to give? i don't know how that's going to feel. i came by to ask you to join us, we are working in collusion with the urban league, national action network, the naacp, the national african-american social network and others to make sure we turn out the black vote in record numbers. and protect our voter. what did than once a? what are we going to do? >> vote. >> you can go to unity 16 campaign.net and join us. what's at stake? everything. let me say that again. what's at stake? >> everything. >> what's at stake? >> everything spi. >> i know we've had this conversation around criminal

justice reform. according to the sentencing project, one in 10 black men in their 30s are in prison or jail on any given day. one in 50 children and the united states have a parent in prison. what's at stake? everything. almost 6000 are incarcerated in adult prisons and jails. what's at stake? everything. the number of women in prison has been increasing at a rate of 50% higher than men since 1980. ..

on returning since receiving the most basic of american rights and that's the restoration of their voting rights. [applause] >> i applaud -- i applaud, i live in the common wealth of virginia, spent my days in dc, i applaud virginia governor terry and his fight to restore the right to vote to return citizens in the common wealth. after the supreme court said that the governor could not restore voting rights only on a case-by-case basis, i have a barber that i go to and was there a couple of weeks ago who came up to me and showed me his phone where he had been out of prison for over 15 years doing the right thing, raising his family and he was so excited to show me his application in the system that he said, ms. melony. i need to show you this, i just

looked at it. i didn't get to vote for the first black president, but i'm going to vote, i think it's a woman president. i'm just saying what he said. [laughter] >> so he said, all right, i'm going to take and sign 206,000 restoration orders for exfelons, 206,000. also, remember, tomorrow august 6th, is the 51st anniversary of the voting rights of 1965, what's at stake, everything. just yesterday president obama commuted the sentence of 214 men and women. 214 men and women. the largest commutation than the past presidents combined is what the white house said, what's at stake, everything, urban leaguer, you know how i do.

i'm a baptist leader so stand on up. it's early. 8:00 o'clock, what? jesus, i'm here though. so i want you to repeat after me, what's at stake? ending mass incarceration, what's at stake? voting rights. what's at stake? policing reform. what's at stake? everything. thank you urban leaguers, let's get out and vote as if our lives fended on it because it does. thank you so much. [applause] [music] >> thank you, and i want to welcome those who have just arrived. i'm so happy, happy that when the third wake-up call came you responded. [laughter]

>> let's give them a big hand. [applause] >> welcome. welcome, welcome. you all are a great-looking crowd. so are we ready for our discussion and as we prepare for our discussion, just a few things about today's conference after, there's workshop taking place, the expo which is wide open around noon. we have the national council of urban league lunchon n for which you need a ticket to eat. we have workshops taking place and, of course, the wittney gala and you have a power walk. you will receive a call at 5:00 a.m., 5:00 a.m. to get out there and walk-through the streets of baltimore following the family session and also

family for community taking place. so reference the national urban league website and conference app for more details and information. this morning to keep us on track and to moderate this session, i'm very pleased to welcome back to the stage reverend all -- al sharpton who have stepped in to moderate, you also see him at msnbc, come on, let's get this show on the road. reverend al sharpton. [applause] [music] >> all right, let us this morning -- let us bring on the panel, this morning's panel is divided into two parts. while we would discuss the issue of saving our cities, the first part would be criminal justice reform and our second part would

be ending mass incarceration within our community. let's get started with our panel. please join me in welcoming our panelists erika, president and ceo of the urban league of greater new orleans. give her a chance as she comes. [applause] >> kimberly fox, democrat for cook county state's attorney in chicago. [applause] >> michael henderson, president of of associated builders and contractors of greater baltimore . [applause] >> mona lisa johnson, founder of parents with incarcerated children. [applause] >> and the one and only honorable william h. billy

murphy, jr., senior and founding of murphy&murphy. dr. tony alan, reputation global marketing and corporate affairs of bank of america. [cheers and applause] >> let's give all our panelists a big hand. [applause] >> all right. you may be seated. let's start off by each one of you taking one minute and i do mean one. [laughter] >> by giving us an introduction of what you do and where you are generally on this issue of how we deal with from a criminal justice reform point of view saving our cities. let's go around one minute each. >> good morning, my name is

erika, i'm the president and ceo of the urban league of greater new orleans. of course, we work -- we are the only urban affiliate in the state of louisiana so we work very closely with all of our law enforcement agencies throughout this state. we also work in the area of economic development and education which we know are so critically and vitally connect today what is happening in criminal justice reform. so we work deeply in communities throughout the state from a direct service perspective and advocacy in policy perspective. >> good morning, i'm cirve fox, i'm a democratic nominee for state's attorney in cook county, thank you cook county people in the house. cook county is the second largest county in the country. we have the largest single jail in the country, the unified court system in the country and sadly we have a jail population of 86% african american and latino, our juvenile justice detainees 94% are african

american and latino, 80% of which are african-american boys. this election is historic in that cook county has never elected an african american to lead their prosecutor's office, we ran campaign platform on criminal justice reform talking about mass incarceration, talking about making sure that we use our jails and detention centers for those who cause the harm to the community and not those who we don't know what to do with, those dealing with drug issues, mental health issues, public health issues and so this raises a seminole moment, i think, for the country because this will be an opportunity for us to show real leadership and reform from the prosecutor's standpoint, which one last point to that, 95% of elected prosecutors in the country are incumbents who are running unopposedded. so in our election, the fact that we are having an african-american woman in this position, we represent less than

1% of women of color who are elected prosecutors, this is a real seminole moment for criminal justice reform and i'm excite that had chicago can take a leadership role in that place. [applause] >> very exciting race where you defeated álvarez, that was a very exciting race. let's go to you, michael. >> mike henderson, i'm president of associated builders and contractors here in baltimore, good morning. i am not a policy guy, i'm here mostly to talk about a workforce development, reentry program that focuses primarily on esm offenders and we are considered to have one of the most successful models not only here in baltimore and in maryland but actually in the country. we are taking this to other cities across the country and we've -- ten years this program has been established and wea learned really valuable lessons on what makes workforce development successful and --

because there's a lot of reform programs and they do not result in jobs. at tend of the day, it's getting someone in a job that can lead to a meaningful career, that's the truest test of a successful program. >> good morning, i'm mona lisa, i started this organization because my daughter is incarcerated and i started it totally out of my pain because i realized that society has a stigma towards parents who have children in prison, in jail and they basically, we basically look at each other and judge each other and tear each other down and assume that there's something wrong in the family when in reality there could be but then maybe there wasn't, so

there is a pain that takes part in the heart of the parent when they lose their son or daughter to the system and there isn't a great amount of turmoil that happens emotionally, financially, any way you can think of it affects the family. we decided that we would create the resource that is are needed for the family, in particularly the parents to be able to function and make it through this journey with grace and ease, so if you have a child that is incarcerated, the first thing i want you to do is stand up and not be ashamed, not hide, not protect or defend it. i want you to stand up and be proud of the fact that you did the best that you could do, if you did the best that you could do, and no -- know in your heart of hearts that they'll hopefully come out, hopefully and when they come out, if you standby them and make yourself strong, you'll be able to hopefully reduce recidivism and hopefully

never see your child go back in again. [applause] >> i should be a pessimist but i remain an optimist, i should be a pessimist because we have lost every significant battle since the last one we won in 1964 with the civil rights act, 1965, the voting rights act and the war on poverty and the beginning of the women's movement but we have lost any significant battle that resulted, when the dixiecrats joined the party. the majority of party had voted for every major reform on our side, the party of race, hatred, division, individual and systematic bigotry. look at the institution that is remain in place because of the

long history of racism and we are not making a dent on that. mass incarceration. the prison system has gotten worst in the past 30-40 years, the black family has gone down the drain. we lost the supreme court. we never regained it and now in danger of making an even worst than ever. we have people who are now possibly emerging as leaders who have no concept of the impact of their personal bigotry on the united states' standing on the the world where 85% of all of the people all over the world is people of color and it's not coincidence that the terrorist that attacked 9/11 are of color, they sigh -- see what's happening in the united states. the present group that wants to lead is so hope leslie ignorant and racist that we may be in for rougher times than we have ever

seen. so i should be a pessimist but i'm an optimist because this is a rare moment in our history where many people of goo will have discovered how bad it is for the bad community and how bad it's always been for the first time, these kids instead of being born in communities where there was no opposition whatsoever to individual bigotry, they're now going to school with blacks, they're not working side by side with blacks, they're now are in intimate relationships with blacks. those people have changed. that's why i'm an optimist, thank you. [applause] >> dr. tony. >> good morning, my name is tony alan, i manage corporate reputation for bank of america, part of portfolio is building a platform for reentry services on two fronts. one to figure out better ways in our own policy so that we might have the opportunity to attract more folks who were formerly incarcerated into the company

and two, to use our financial capability to spur investment in services across the country. so we are spending a lot of time thinking about that for a couple of reasons, one, we think it's an economic crisis to have so many black and brown men in prison throughout this country. we think that's an economic crisis and it's not good business and it doesn't make good public policy for states across this country. and two, we have a lot of people of color inside our company, 43% of our company of 200,000 people are african american and just like me and i know just like many of you have family members who have been a part of the criminal justice system and are looking to see what we can do better, so we are here to listen and also to be a part of the solution. [applause] >> all right. let me pose the first question. what can be done to steer efforts and resources away from

retribution to sustainable rehabilitation, let's start with you erika. >> what i will say, first we have to be honest and say that it is institutional racism that has led to our current systems and it continues to perpetuate the at no continual cycle so policy is important to changing the future. we have to work on things that you heard all the speakers talk about this morning, the national urban league has plan as well addressing things like place training, hiring standards, antiprofiling laws, 21st century community policing policy initiatives are critically important and i tell you that a place like louisiana, baton rouge specifically, if you look at the police department there it does not reflect the community in which it serves so that in and of itself is a problem. i think you have to move from

policy to program and there are several things that we can do to rehabilitation and certainly being more responsive in terms of us takennable practices, we do reentry programming workforce development, it's going to be critically important and also looking at how we invest in communities. if we drive through north baton rouge, it looks like it is deserted, neglected and just totally disregarded in terms of the economic investment and development of that part of the city so we have to double down from a workforce and economic standpoint to make sure that our communities are sustainable and then the last thing i will say, we have to work to create dialogue between folks, certainly community citizens and law enforcement and so i think it's a three-prong approach. >> and part of answering that particularly where you coming in as prosecutor, how can local communities in the federal

government also work together for effective law enforcement as part of your world -- >> sure, what i would say issues about systematic racism we have to first have an honest conversation about that. and we don't see prosecutors saying that we have issues with racism in our criminal justice system. and for those who are uncomfortable using the r word, there's data from other places, you know, from folks who don't want to say it's racist, we have data that shows the affect that incarceration have on the communities of color, particularly the black community. when we incarcerate, when we spend more money incarcerating people, there was a study done in chicago, saw one neighborhood, the austin neighborhood on the city's web side, we spent $50 million on incarceration on one neighborhood, one block and that's money that we aren't seeing invested in schools in austin or economic development

in austin, one of the most depressed neighborhoods that we have but we would rather spend more money on incarcerating for lower-level offenses than we would investing in neighborhoods to insure people don't come into our system and you can look at a heat map to see where it is and it would not surprise you that those are black and brown communities, so having an honest conversation of where we start. in terms of the community getting engaged and talking about incarceration, it's the point that mona lisa made, is that all of us, if we are being honest know somebody who has been involved in the criminal justice system and we, you know, myself as someone coming in as the top prosecutor, i have family members who have been incarcerated so it's not a us versus them, it's not the good ones of us trying to lock up the bad ones, it's all of us and if we don't as a community stand up together and say that we want our communities to be safe, but we also want our criminal system

to be fair and we talk a lot about reentry, we need to start talking about no entry and no entry means making -- [applause] >> making those investments in the first place and that's the conversation that we really have been passive about, we have been very passive in the community on mass incarceration and we've been vocal and the changes that will come from that but we have not been vocal in terms of the economic, social and moral investments that communities of color and continue to spend your and my tax dollars on incarceration and not investment. [applause] >> mike. >> i'm going to take a slightly different tact and speak on behalf of the business community here in baltimore. i think a really key piece to this is we have to dispel the notion that the have notes in

baltimore city don't want to work. we have been very blessed to have tremendous success in dispelling that notion among the commercial builders in our city and we have shown again and again and again when you create the right opportunity, when you provide the right kind of support, incredible things can happen. we have seen hundreds of individuals who have come to our program, who formerly homeless, exoffenders and they now have jobs, a truck, and they have a home and they come back to our program and they speak to the kids, the students that we have because nothing is more powerful than for them to listen to the story of somebody who sat where they sat and now, now look at them. it pays really well. he's got a future. he's being moved into

management, and nothing instills hope and hope is probably the most i've found to be the most powerful gift that you can give somebody or really any walk of life but absolutely in these neighborhoods. so it's dispelling that myth, well, they really don't want to work, oh, yeah, they do. [applause] >> mona lisa. >> so i think that emotional health is something that needs to be heavily considered. not to downplay myself but i don't function in the thought processes and, you know, all this big advocacy stuff, i'm just a mother. i'm just a mother and i'm living this walk day after day. [applause] >> and i will say that emotional health is very important to changing the trajectory of

incarceration as a whole from the participant's perspective to the family to the inmate, just every piece of our african-american culture. you know, emotional health would not look that properly can really be -- in my opinion can really be dangerous. it could be dangerous. we always run from the idea of getting any type of health, am i right, am i right? we run from -- we don't need to talk to anybody about our problems, we basically say to ourselves, you know, let's just keep it in the family, let's hide and protect it, let's not talk about it, we need to get to a space where we can begin to talk about our problems and not hide, protect and defend the fact that we have problems. you know, lots of families are affected by different things, different things.

and the whole spirit of judgment amongst our community, if we could just retrack that, try to work away from that because if i could just take a lock at half of you guys when you were in high school, go back and look in your lives, i would like to see what you did . let me be a bug on the fly on the bug. that's the difference between your kids, my kid, between you, between me, that's the difference. emotional health, we need help, we need to go get psychiatrist, we need to talk to therapist and create programs that costs money because it is expensive. the typical cost of seeing a psychiatrist is $300 an hour. $300 an hour. we don't have that. most of us. and insurance only pays for one visit. and that's what i would say.

>> billy murphy. >> you know, i'm a fan of microsolutions but this is the time for macro solutions and why the core of our leadership across the country has not come out against the war on drugs and its elimination by legalizing all drugs and setting up a system where drugs are treated as a medical problem, now, a lot of people say it won't work but the proof already exists, it's called a white community. [laughter] >> drugs have been legal in the white community despite their equivalent usage pound per pound, person per person, same amount of illegal drugs as black people but we have been targeted and the evidence is overwhelming that nixon did it to destabilize black leadership and he did a great job. he did it to destabilize black men who are emerging as strong powerful leader when we had 50

national leaders instead of how many reverend sharpton, jesse and who else? >> i never met who else. >> so we have to bite the bullet. the major vector that's killing the black community and the black family is mass incarceration and we need to have the political courage to stand up and fight it until it's don't and so none of these things are possible on a micro level to effect the macro level that's sending the black family into extinction at an exuponentially increasing rain. this 100-pound gorilla in the room, it must end. the only way to end it, because you are never going to get whites to prosecute white folks because they know that's unfair.

one of the great hopes i have is the emergence, not the hope that gets worst, eight out of ten of the last ten years of heroin addicts have been white people and that senttize them on how drug addicts have to be treated. as long as they didn't have that problem, it wasn't a problem to them. it was only our problem. so now we have an opportunity to make major reforms. see i'm an optimist. we passed comprehensive overhauls of our criminal justice system in one session of the legislature because of enlightened self-interest of blacks and whites who finally got it because of freddie gray. now, that shows what can be done and we did it because we were a united people. we don't have any black caucuses left.

we have black individuals who participate in caucuses but picked up one by one by powerful interest. in maryland we have four legislators out of 144 for the first time in 30 years voted consistently as a block and made it happen. so two things have to happen here, we've got to have the courage to speak out, relent-- relentlessly. you have to be able to get back to our old habit of speaking truth to power. [applause] >> dr. tony. >> reverend, i just want to do one thing, first i want to say that is exactly why major corporations cannot sit on the sidelines on this issue, we have to be part of the process both

with respect to employing folks and with respect to standing up and particularly to political institutions around the policies that disrupt the opportunity for us to employ those folks, period. second, i have a friend here, darrell chambers, there he is, darrell i met when he was 13 year's old and he looked like that 6 ft. 5, i look like this, not so much. >> are you saying he was short and fat? >> short and fat, there you go. mona, you bring up a great point because darrell and i are from the same community, have the same experience and he made a mistake and got caught. i made a mistake and didn't as a result he went into prison and i went onto get my education and the like but guess what happened, we wrote an article called grace of mercy. i had grace early on and darrell is out of prison. [applause]

>> darrell is the reason in delaware we started a one-stop shop for reentry services for the 1200 people that returned from prison every year to the small city of willmington candidate. [cheers and applause] >> so i'm just here to say we are not that far particularly to brothers and sisters in the room, we are not that far from the darrells of the world so wherever we are, whether we are at bank of america or urban league or in a state house, we have to remember where we come from and reach back in a big, big way. >> that's why billy murphy is feeling optimist. clearly we have a lot to discuss and many questions, we will end

this panel by asking each of you to give us one quick solution that we the community can do to affect change, each person will answer and quick. i emphasize quick. don't be like a baptist preacher three times. just one quickly. [laughter] >> i think you heard it over and over throughout this conference, vote. that is the number one thing that e with can do vote, hold our policy makers accountable, elect people who represent our values and make sure that we promote our agendas in our communities. >> vote. [laughter] >> specially in cook county, right? >> specially november 8th in cook county. >> i can't compete with vote. really quick, mentoring. we had a a funder -- fundraiser,

returning graduates would come and pour themselves into existing students. the business community needs to embrace this idea of mentoring and make it part of their corporate culture, mentoring is something i found it sticks and it works. >> humanize the face of incarceration. those are humans that are in there and recognize that judgment that you put out on someone else will come back to you. it's just a matter of time. >> my simple priority, everybody quit your jobs, work full-time to elect hillary clinton and stop this donald trump menace. do whatever you can do, organize, make it your top priority because otherwise everything we've been talking about ain't going to happen. [laughter] [applause]

>> my one piece, do not quit your jobs. [laughter] >> you never get them back. [applause] >> let's give our first set of panelists a warm round of applause for the insights and opinions this morning. thank you. you've given us a autothink about but at the same tone some very substantive information about which to take action. there's one thing to talk about the problems of the day but another to find solutions, thanks again, give them a big hand. >> by the way before we -- how about giving reverend sharpton the praise that he's due. [cheers and applause] >> wait a minute. he's been consistently telling the truth to power. he's been consistently defending our first african-american

president within and without community, he has been consistently the voice of reason and sound tactical approaches to ending this problem. let's give it up, come on, you know we can do better than that. [applause] >> thank you, thank you. thank you. thank you. thank our panel and particularly billy murphy, no, i'm serious. while we set our second panel, please focus on the video screen . [music] >> riding in your girlfriend's car with the child on the back. >> running to the bathroom in

your own apartment. >> selling cigarettes outside of a corner store. >> riding a commuter train. >> walking home with a friend. >> making eye contacts. >> selling cd's out of a super market. >> wearing a hoody. >> walking away from police. >> walking toward police. >> missing a front license plate. >> holding a fake gun in a park in ohio. >> driving with a broken light. >> sitting in your car for your bachelor party. >> walking up the stairwell of

your apartment building. >> holding a fake gun in virginia. >> on the way to bible study. >> holding a fake gun in wal-mart. >> laughing. >> holding a wallet. >> attending a birthday party. >> doing absolutely nothing. >> we are here movement.com to tell president obama and congress that the time for change is now. we demand radical transformation to heal a long history of systematic racism so that all americans have the equal right to live and to pursue happiness.

[applause] >> now, let's jump right into our second panel and delve right into the discussion on ending mass incarceration within our community. first, we have benjamin, the president of the national bar association. [applause] >> robinson the third, president and ceo of houston area urban league. [cheers and applause] >> mark holding, senior council, vice president of koch industry.

[applause] where >> let's begin by asking you to give us a question on the question how we should do with the issue of mass incarceration. >> yes, sir, rev, i'm here on behalf of the national bar association representing 66,000 black lawyers, judges and legal professionals but also attorney for trayvon martin and michael brown and 13 black women who were raped by a white police officer in oklahoma city and all these cases we see nothing happened but on the reverse side of that, we see little black and brown people being arrested and convicted on charges every day all over america joining this vicious cycle of mass incarceration, so we are here to talk about this due process of the law and equal justice for all of our communities because

really when you think about it, this is about our children and if we don't start standing up for our children, speaking up for our children and fighting for our children, one in three black men in america are going to go to jail. that's the statistics and so we have an obligation to fight for our children and that's what we are going to talk about here today, to stop this mass incarceration, the new slavery and in all sense of the world, you are getting younger and better people. even though slavery was abolished by the 14th amendment all except when you're incarcerated. you scratch your head and say why are they putting so many of us in prison, you don't have to think long and hard when you think about 23 cents an hour is what they pay for labor of a lot of poor people, people of color in these prisons, so that's what we are here for, rev. >> 30 years of mass

incarceration, you know, i think that's plenty, i think that's enough. you know, we need to as a community stand up, say it's time to stop the maddens and figure out ways to collectively work together to stop discrimination against the most vulnerable people within our community. that happens to be people of color. you know, at some point you have to take organizations like the urban league and ncaap and look at some of the programs and recommendations they are making because they are working in the trenches with these communities every day. you know, we know what the program will do. we know what empowering youth will do. we know that we work with our mentorship programs through the office, we have results that show, we can redirect people from a pathway to poverty and prison to a pathway to prosperity. and that should be something that we all take very seriously

and work very hard to do each and every day. the solutions are there. >> mark,. >> we need to get rid of our two tier justice system. right now as bryan stevenson if you're rich and guilty, you're treated better than poor and guilty. one of liberal federal judge agree that there's innocent people pleading because they can't afford to fight the government. and it's not a surprise to me. i first got my exposure to the criminal justice system when i was 18 year's old, i worked in a prison. and a bunch of kids i went to school with were incarcerated. they were very poor and uneducated white kids and didn't have any support, the same stories is going on today. it's not working, in fact, it's getting worse, it's dividing our country, we are wasting millions

of dollars and it's just not a just way to handle people particularly when you have the ideas of the bill of rights. so we need to reform our criminal justice system and then after that, we need to make sure that everybody has a quality education, a job and a real opportunity. that's simple enough, it's not easy, but that's what i think. [applause] >> so i'm at the office of justice programs and we work with you all, our goal is to make sure that we leverage all the resources across the federal government so that we are making sure we are creating an environment where young people have an opportunity to succeed and for those coming out of our criminal justice system that we are equipping them to succeed because what we've got to do is remember that we -- there are some wonderful beautiful, intelligent folks tide up in our criminal justice system and that's talent we all need in this country to succeed so we are very focused when we talk about second chances, i realize that many people didn't have a first chance but our commitment that those who are in the criminal justice system that we are making sure we are giving

them the opportunity to succeed. >> let me ask, how do we prevent our youth from entering the juvenile justice system? you say carrol that some didn't have a first chance. how do we prevent them from entering, we are going to start with the attorney and come down, once they enter, how do we prevent them from reentering. >> you know, reverend al as attorney, officer of the court, we have an obligation when we see stuff to try to speak up. a lot of times we don't do that and like mr. holden said, you have poor people of color, little black and brown people lying on themselves every day admitting to crimes they know they didn't commit because the cards are stacked so high against you when you are a person of color and you're poor and they say, you could either go ahead and plea and take this, a year and a day in the criminal

justice system and get this felony that you're going to have to work for the rest of your life or you can roll the dice and go to trial and be convicted and possibly spend the next 25 years of your life in jail for a crime you didn't commit because it doesn't matter what the evidence is, the statistics bear out, if you're a black or brown person specially a young man and you go to trial with no evidence at all, 60% chance you are likely to be convicted of something, and so that's what we are seeing with all the charges and i have to say, rev, that's why it's so important to vote. we saw in ferguson. we are the solution. we just have to get and participate in the system for the first time ferguson now has three african-american city commissionists so they get to dictate who is going to be the police officers, who is going to be the prosecutors, so important and lastly, y'all, if we don't vote, think about the trumped up charges we are talking about

now, with you imagine the trumped up charges if the republican nominee who doesn't seem to care at all about these issues we are talking about, we got to save ourselves, we've got to get in the system, last thing i will say in the system, rev, i saw something incredible in pennsylvania, we have a prosecutor, young brother who says if you have been arrested and convicted under the age of 28 year's old they will expunge your felon any conviction if you go to college and get one year of education. now, isn't that an awesome solution? isn't that what it's about, not locking them up and throwing away the key? [cheers and applause] >> programs again like the youth parliament program where we work with kids that are kind of pathwaying into prison, before they turn 18 year's old, we have specific programs that helps them to redirect them. again, i think it's important

that we start early, you know, and in houston, for example, the houston school district, you know, they redirected some of their resources to putting more psychologists in the schools, more behavioral therapists, making sure that when we have kids of behavioral problems, instead of sending them to alternative school, we might bring them counseling. help the teacher to understand how to deal with a population that we have in our schools. help the student understand how to handle his or her emotional feelings that they're going through. you know, we are a smart world, right, the united states of america can do anything it wants. it's a matter of choices. it's a matter of priorities, it's a matter of putting your money where your mouth is. so we have to make a decision about what we want to next generation to look like and do we want to change our practices so that we have different outcomes.

we keep doing the same way, you'll get the same results. if you change it up a little bit, 21st century applied ways of getting things, and you'll get a different outcome. >> bob. >> well, i think it's what the two gentlemen said, the key is in my opinion education and accountability and someone caring about these kids and the statistics that were rattled off earlier, the number of people who imprison that have children, it's not surprising that that repeats itself. so for me it's really -- communities need to come together and everybody in the communities including i'm here on behalf of koch businesses, employers, we all need to care and be involved. there's a lot of different programs in my hometown, my new hometown of wichita, kansas.

they're both returning citizens who turned their lives around and mentor these children who are in difficult situations in public high school and they have 100% success rate. women aren't getting pregnant out of wedlock and some of them are going to college. none of this is rocket science quite frankly. it's not even political science which is my major, the reality is that people who end up in our system, i'm repeating myself are overwhelming the poorest of the poor and the most uneducated of the uneducated. and our system is set up for them to get trap and never get out and i don't think that's right. it's completely immoral, we couldn't have intended that to be the reason why we set this system up but apparently we have because we haven't changed it but we do need to change the system and we need to the issues and change hearts and minds by caring more about people in difficult situations and that

doesn't happen given the way our society is set up this time. >> so as the president said when he set up my brother's keeper two years ago, we need antonio vest in young people and change the narrative of how we think of our young men and boys of color. we need to listen to them so when i meet with them, stop calling me at risk and start calling me at hope. they are our futures and we need to see that. if you're looking for a road map, my brother's keeper, if you go on the website, we have a road map of how you can do this in your communities and most of you all are doing it in your communities and as everyone has said, invest in them, the philosophy that we have at the program is about youth. and you'll hear from bob this afternoon, their contact with the juvenile system ought to be rare, fair and when they are there, it ought to be beneficial, an opportunity to get them those who have fallen

off the track to get back on the right track. >> we all know the problems but i want a quick closing statement from each of you on what is the quick one line answer that we all should leave with these two panels with, a very quick one liner on what is the solutions. ben. >> it's real simple, reverend. we have to find 21st century solutions of this problem of mass incarceration where we put forth education, other than that we are just going to keep housing black and brown bodies and the other solution i really belief is we have to -- it ain't rocket scientist like he said, and we know and our most

talented, educated, we have to speak up y'all, we cannot remain silent while they continue to kill our children in and out of the courtroom. [applause] >> you know, the fact that prisons are publicly traded really sickens me to my stomach. you know, we have an opportunity to again redirect our focus as a nation, we can make a choice as to where we want our priorities to be, but your voices, our voices need to be heard. if we believe in extending pre-k for all american children, then that's something that we can do. we can put the money to make sure we have the kind of educational investment in our generations to come because we haven't done it in the past and if we don't do it in the future we are going to see more of the same. >> the system -- the criminal justice system in my opinion needs to be reformed from top to bottom.

prosecutors have too much power, our six amendment and energy and defense programs are a joke and a violation of the constitution, we need to change our sentencing laws. in my opinion, we should get rid of all mandatory minimums and let judges do their job, punish fit the crime. they need to have prison reform so people come out and don't reoffend. we need reentry reform and we need that because there are 50,000 collateral consequences to a conviction in this country and leads people who make a mistake make bad choices, a life sentence even though 98% of people get out of prison, they get a life sentence because the scarlet letter f is tattooed on their body, they can't get a job, they can't get housing, they can't get loans, they can't be with their families and can't vote, it's not surprising when you treat somebody instead of welcoming them back, they're going to behave like that and with limited options that leads to recidivism, last thing i will say, as an employer, we ban and

we encourage other employers to do it. no one should be judged forever for what happened on their worst day. trust me i wouldn't want to be. i don't think any of us would, really, you don't need an act of congress, just an act of conscious, so hiring people, giving them second chances. [cheers and applause] >> so before i give my closing statement i want to say that i took the pledge and i have two people on my team that we recently hired that were formerly incarcerated an the woman who runs our corrections program was formerly incarcerated so the department of justice is putting its money where its mouth is and so the solution is you guys, you're the answer. so in this administration we have given you all the tools, we worked in your communities to help build the infrastructure to tackle these problems and i will tell you, i have an expiration date, they don't, i have to leave on swran 20th and i'm depending on you all to continue the work that we started. we've given you the tools and infrastructure, we've told you what -- what you need to be

asking for so when we are gone, don't stop asking and demanding the same things you call me about every day. call my successor, hold them accountable, so i look forward -- [applause] >> let me say we heard two panels of outstanding people on the front lines and they've given specific solutions. [applause] >> they've death with data, they've talked about voting, they've talked about the trade across the stock markets, ending the incentives of mass incarceration, you heard a lot this morning. the question will be what we leave here to do. she said she has an expiration date, well as a minister i'm obligated to tell you all of us have one. [laughter] >> the question is we don't know

when that date is and when that date comes, what will they say our time on earth achieved. the hardest job of a preacher is to preach to funeral of somebody that did nothing in life. we are supposed to get up and make up for you what you didn't make for yourself. we hope that you will leave here having heard all of this and not do this for some people some where else that are unnamed and that you can't see their face. do it for you so that your life will have meaning and that you will be part of really making this nation, not great again but as great as it can be become in a continued pursuit of greatness. once again, i would like to thank all of our panelists, sponsors and you for attending the morning session. [applause] >> let's not leave the meet of this discussion in the room but

take it to the powers and use it for the greater of brothers and sister who is are disproportionately affected by the criminal justice system. president obama pardoned more than 200 inmates a few years ago and most of them were black or brown. he understands the system as it is now isn't working but he's on his way out, so we must continue his momentum to write the wrongs that created this lop-sided system in the first place, get ready, it is going to be a bumpy ride no matter who succeeds, with that, please enjoy the remainder of your day, i hope to see you tonight at the gala and see you in the trenches when the convention is over. thank you. [applause] [music]

>> we will have more from the national urban league coming at 12:15 eastern for the lunchon. live coverage at the time starting at 12:15 a.m. eastern. also live at 2:30 panel on voting rights with ben carson and other speakers, again that's live at 2:30 more to white house coverage continues today. hillary clinton will be speak to go african-american and hispanic journalists, also of donald trump today, he's holding a rally in greenway, wisconsin, c-span will have live coverage at 8:00 eastern.

local democrats criticizing donald trump for treatment of veterans and urge the state ice leading republicans to denounce candidacy. the article saying that governor scott walker and johnson and house speaker paul ryan will not attend the rally. senator johnson has prior commitment and walker plans to be touring disaster areas of northern wisconsin. local democrats do not plan to demonstrate or protest outside of the convention center in green bay friday but two groups come together against hate and band have created events on facebook. >> this weekend our road to the white house coverage takes you to the green party political convention in houston. on sunday at 9:00 p.m. eastern see acceptance speeches by the green party's nominees for president and vice president. watch commercial coverage on c-span, listen on your desk top and mobile device using the c-span radio app or watch any

time at c-span.org at c-span.org a discussion now on lone wolf terrorists, recent terror insaidents and law enforcement responses, retired general gray along with director of homeland security research program and a 30-year year -- veteran of the cia are among the speakers. [inaudible conversations] >> as y'all know it's 12 when i says 2:00 o'clock. it's time to get started. on behalf of webinar and chairman and ceo for potomac institute and study, we want to welcome you to our potentially very exciting seminar today and we certainly have a superb group

, and this business of the lone wolf her risk and all that kind of thing, you all read and heard much about that. in the larger sense the whole complex situation we face in global strategy today with the so-called conflicts and wars if you will below the nation type of conflict that many of us are used to and many organizations will be trained to do and, of course, the united states and allies have been good at that. this is a different kind of environment. there's a lot of merit to that and thought behind that. others say we are in a new generation of warfare, the fourth generation of warfare and

they talk about that quite a bit, some see that as a framework for future and others something that we ought to do now and so there's a lot of discussion and a lot of well-meaning intellectual thought going into this challenge. it's not something that we are ignoring, it's just dog-on hard to get your arms around it and it's awfully difficult to determine what to do because in the united states of america in particular certain high-level of moral ethical and thought process behind everything we do. it's not like the other peoples of the world, some of the other radicals and that kind of thing. this is true even in world war ii, for example, we would have difficulty dealing with the partisan-type operations and warfare and the like whereas the nazis, for example, had a less of a problem, if you did something wrong in a village in europe, they were -- hay had occupied, they simply lined two

or 30000 civilians -- 300 civilians and shot them. it's more difficult than ever. and there are many different kinds of things behind these kinds of conflicts and besides religion and all that which we are familiar with but certainly the religious aspect, great deal to do with formulating what these individuals will do and the so-called lone wolfs and the like, it's not strictly terrorist-type activities or islamic-type radicalism and all of that, it's home-grown kind of thing can grow up right out of the blue really and they could be radicalized for other reasons besides religion and the like, so it's a tough challenge and we are, again, i think fortunate to have an extraordinary experience

group of panelists today to talk about some of these issues, some of these challenges that we face and hopefully some of the potential solutions for us to think about. do you want to take over and take charge? >> not charge -- >> we are all glad to see that he's a young as veteran, no more swing and the like, so the arm is getting better. >> yeah. >> has a ways to go. >> very much, general, for your brave introduction. as always, the general the first and the last word so we will have an opportunity later onto share some of his insights based on very long experience. i have a duty as a moderator to

first recognize our cosponsors, of course, general gray mentioned specifically the potomac institute, let me first recognize professor don wallace over there at my end, the left who is the director of the chairman of the international law institute and the university center for legal studies is the the sponsor cosponsor of this event and finally also to mention the center for national security law of the university of virginia school of law, our colleagues who are supporting our academic work for many

years. let me first introduce our panel very briefly because they did bios of each speaker and in the interest of time i just would mention one of two titles and so on and obviously during the discussion we would have other opportunities to try to generate some dialogue based on their work and experience. our first speaker will be right here to my left captain dave. we are delighted to have you again to support our academic work.

as some of you may know, he is the assistant director of the maryland coordination and analysis center, fredrik county, maryland, the sheriff's office and contributed to our work and study on other role of law enforcement to combat terrorism, so he is going to provide some context particularly in the u.s. environment and the role of the police and law enforcement. the second speaker next to him is professor carol flynn, i think that she is bringing a very rich background and experience, as you can see from her bio, working with the cia for many years.

i won't mention how many but an executive operations and positions in africa and asia, latin america and she's currently a professor dealing with some of these issues and also the private sector. following her lisa, also was very extensive government experience. i won't go into details. it's up to you. but at any rate, what is very important is that she contributes now to the academic work as a -- [inaudible] >> foreign policy of the heritage foundation. next to her is dr. rafaeli.

>> the middle east media research institute but i would like to mention that he has extensive experience with the world bank and also academically focusing on the middle east and elsewhere. and then the last of the panelists, to his left is professor alexander, is currently director of the homeland security of research program and professor at school of law enforcement, justice administration at illinois university and i vividly recall that his first research and publications in the terrorism at

the time it was ten years before 9/11 and i'm glad to see that he continues with his work and as always, as i mentioned before, professor wallace will bring in a -- [inaudible] >> rule of law and also in terms of balancing security concerns which also privacy and the role of human rights and so on. i would like also to welcome the audience which includes academics, colleagues from different universities, members of the diplomatic community in washington, many of them we -- right here as speakers and so

forth and last but not least, i would like to mention the students who are here particularly the interns who are completing their work for this summer. will you just stand up, at least so everybody can see who you are. we don't have time now to introduce each and every one but there are the next generation of scholars, we are very proud of them. now, let me just move on, try to make some footnotes following general gray. in terms of the context, i will be very brief on that. first of all, i think all of us have to put it in some perspective meaning that the lone wolf threat that we are going to focus on today is clearly one of the many

challenges and threats that we are facing all the way from organized crime to terrorism, to cyber threats and weapons of mass destruction, et cetera, et cetera. the big -- particularly because of the very dramatic daily menu of carnage that we have seen in the past few weeks, few months, all the way from orlando to bangladesh and the report yesterday about the effect also in japan, crazy if you will, individual but still some

ideological message we can go into that. now, sunday mentally i think we have to keep in mind that the issues that are being today you can see in elections, you can see it academically, you can see it with law enforcement and the policy community related to growth because we are dealing with the question of myth and reality about it and hopefully our panelists will provide some clarity to the issues, for example, who is the lone wolves from the definition and conceptual point of view and we can go into details, secondly, the argument that the lone wolf phenomena of threat is something new.

obviously we have to go into the historical lessons and then understand that nothing is really new under the sun including the lone wolf. we have to look at the motivations that triggers this so-called lone wolf. we have to look at their capacity and capability in terms of modus aperandi and what really concerns analysts and policy makers is the escalation, the possibility of another probability that the lone wolf will utilize some of this so-called mess of destruction weapons, weponized themselves, for example, with ebola or anything else and the impact and

implications nationally and globally. so hopefully we can have some recommendations of our analysts in terms of what are some of the best practices to reduce the risk from the primitive to the terrorism. now, i have that long ri lease -- release which i tried to share with the analysts. i'm not going to go in the issue all the way to historical lesson definition, characteristics, radicalization, intentions, capabilityies specific on case strategies, what are some

statistics and can can -- conclusions. just, i would like to mention number three and number four because when people talk about the lone wolf, we have to talk about the ultimate weapon as general over 60 years ago observed as we are human beings, we are going to have challenges all the way from organized crime or crime in general and terrorism and so forth. and even the russian proverb is right there is not complete. we talk about the birds, wolfs

and hopefully we can respond today whether the worst is yet to come and, for example, if you follow what the terrorist media, social media or propaganda is communicating on a daily basis, you will see that one of their next target is the rio olympics, so obviously everyone is concerned about what might happen in terms of the attack or the impact in that olympics or elsewhere. and then, of course, can we survive and as democracies, we have to look at the balance between the security concern as i mentioned before and the human rights issue.

it's a big manual, we cannot cover everything adequately but it is the beginning of study and scholarship and not the end of it, with that, captain, you are the first to share your views. you can come up here. >> thank you. thanks. >> good afternoon, everyone, and first thing i would like to do is thank professor alexander and general gray for asking me to return this year. i was here last year talking about the involvement of law enforcement in the fight against terrorism. so when i looked at my fellow panel members bios before i came today i decided that it would be best for me to stick with state and local topics as they will be

the experts on more of the international picture and those types of things, so -- and i welcome any comments questions you have. first just to explain, i am a deputy sheriff, i'm a captain of the sheriff's office. i'm employed by central part of maryland. i'm a detail lead to the state fusion center which is a maryland coordination center in baltimore. there are 78 fusion centers in the united states and the u.s. territories, and what the fución's center purpose is as they were formed after 9/11 was to help coordinate between federal, state and local entities, post 9/11 is that there was a lack of information exchanging amongst organizations who had permanent information that could have helped to prevent attacks or at least to be a little bit harder on the

trail than we were that day. the fusion's center's role is path for the information flow. generally in the u.s. we have two different types of fusion centers, either all crimes as we are in maryland or all hazards, places like the western region of pennsylvania called region 13, it's an all-hazard center. so they do hazardous material, weather-related events as well as the threat picture and our main goal in the fusion centers and the network of fusion centers is to share information nationally. because we have -- unlike europe anticipate countries in particular, where they have a single police force that covering the entire nation, we have many different police forces and law enforcement agencies. in maryland we have 120 law enforcement agencies and neighboring pennsylvania we have

1200 law enforcement agencies, so you can imagine by the time the officer on the street sees or learns something, that it takes a little bit. you have to make sure the information is getting to the right place and the fusion centers are that process for getting the information shared. so looking at some past lessons and i will focus on domestic incidents strictly based on my experiences, a very quick definition of lone wolf terrorism. from a 2015doj study, the department of justice study, lone wolf terrorism is violence perpetrated by individuals who act alone who do not belong to an organized terrorist group or network who act without the direct influence of leader or hierarchy and whose tactics and methods are conceived and direct bid the individual without any direct outside command or direction.

so over the past years, over the past few years you've started to hear, you know, morphed the terminology a little bit to try to account for what's happening. so the latest thing that this definition doesn't really account for is isil inspired terrorist attacks. so that's something where someone is acting as a lone wolf, they're not receiving any direction from an outside source but they are taking inspiration from things that they've seen or the call to take action. two of the attacks i was going to touch on today were -- and i started writing in my notes prior -- more than a week ago so i did not include anything that's happened in the past week which we have all seen on the news, so the two that came to mind that i thought were fairly significant for different reasons, first one was eric rudolph who was the 1996 olympic park bomber from atlanta and if you know anything about eric

rudolph, you know that was not his first time of committing an act of that nature. he had been involved in bombing numerous abortion clinics across the south in the previous years and had not been identified as a suspect yet. also one of the trademarks of eric rudolph was that he would set secondary devices, the first device would go off and then an hour later the second device explodes injuring the first responders. so part -- part of that is with his view of these people are coming to help this organization that i'm so terribly against, so that's why eric rudolph stood out to me. also the fact that he was on the run for more than five years afterwards in the hills of north carolina and ultimately was caught when he was going through the dumpster behind a super

market or restaurant looking for some food and was run to go -- run-in with rooky officer. the second incident that i wanted to touch on briefly the san bernardino, california shootings, also lone wolf, yes, there were two people, two suspects but they were not receiving any outside direction, there was no master plan and what they did is they used firearms in order to commit their acts. they also had ied's that did not detonate, some at the scene and some in the vehicle and more found in the residence in the searches conducted afterwards. those are two pre9/11 post 9/11 situations that we have seen right here in the u.s. now investigation of lone wolf attackses if it's terrorism in

the united states the fbi has jurisdiction over the investigation of terrorism events. conversely, when someone dials 9/11 your call goes to communication center so first responders are people who work like me for work for local organizations, local allegations and come out, we don't know what it is until we get there even though the media is right on top of the stuff because they hear the scanner calls go out that we are being dispatched some where for such and such and they will actually call the front desk before we get our first person on the scene and say what's going on there, what's involved, they're trying to write the story and it's very difficult to deal with that type of thing. so it takes a while before you -- after you get on the scene until you are able to determine what is going on. if i can say something about orlando just a few weeks ago, that was the case, they did not immediate i will say terrorism, we are in a great rush to put the label of terrorism on something because that's the

buzz word right now, that's the thing that gets everybody started up and watching the news and looking for the next report, but we have to be careful to examine it closely enough to determine whether or not it is terrorism related. our federal partners that do international work such as department of state, cia have definitions that define terrorism as something -- acts intended to influence a government and that's what it really takes a while, you know, digging and until you can determine if someone is trying to influence a government and actually what we are seeing now in the u.s. in particular is a bit of shift where it's not necessarily trying to influence a government as much as, you know, revenge against the government or revenge against other causes. so anyway, when federal

investigation starts on a terrorism such as -- by the fbi, the first place they are going and look asking to the local agencies and the reason that is is because the people that commit these acts are the ones who live in our communities, we are the ones who have had contact over the years, we are the ones that might have some type of background information that we are able to provide to get the investigation started. so future outlook on terrorism, so indicators of lone wolf terrorism. like i said in the international definition, it's about influencing government. what we are seeing here in lone wolf attacks is that many times there is personal motivation in which to do something. you also have to remember that terrorism in and of itself, acts of terrorism are a crime and if you, again, break down to the local level crimes consist of