>> so you've been a big inspiration to millennials, and i try to reach out to as many as i can. i just wanted kind of a different side of it was, you know, what advice do you have for entrepreneurs? i was a teacher, and i'm kind of now starting, going to be starting my own business, educational company, and, you know, so starting your own business for the first time, i know you were talking about it the other night and, like, you know, what approaches do you have especially being a republican and a young person and really try to change the millennial frame of mind as well? >> i think within business, and this is literally the last two words, i was with my mother as she was moving on, and the last two words out of her mouth were never quit. she literally pulled me over and whispered in my ear, "never quit." i'll never forget those two words. never quit. if this business doesn't work out, try another one. keep trying. but always be passionate about what you do. i've been very, very fortunate. i played baseball for the first

part of my career, injury took me out of that. i end up working all around the country to find my way to get to new york where i thought is the money center of the world. worked my way into that and then one day cnbc happened to be on a trading floor and said, hey, can you tell us what went on, and the tv career started from that one moment. you never know what the path is going to be, but giving up is not an option. just keep fighting. or there's a lot of money for various, you know, there's a lot of money for women-run businesses. just say, i hear it's okay to say you're identifying as a female -- [laughter] and maybe some female business, small business money. [applause] i'm kidding but kind of. one more? who's got one more? someone who hasn't asked yet. how about right here? i'm sorry, guys, i just want to get -- there you go. your name? >> lisa. >> hi, lisa. >> i'm to going to go in a different direction here. do you think it's possible to hold pro-choice beliefs and still call yourself a conservative?

>> proto-choice? pro-choice? i don't want claim to tell people what to do. i will tell you one of the chapters in the book is providence. i go to church every single day of my life, i go to -- not every day of my life. i go five days a week before "the five," and i go on sunday with my wife, so we go six days a week. i believe god lit the path for my future, my success, but i won't tell you what to do. it's just me. i know this may tick off some people, but i'm just in the camp that says you do what you want with your body. it's fairly libertarian too. libertarian, i thought, was a really interesting concept for a while. i kind of wish it would grow a little bit. i kind of wish it would bring in some more young people where it's not, you know, as cut and dry as some of the far-right conservative ideas are are.

i like a little bit of it. but i like the core values, and those are the core values that i stick to here. one more? one moresome someone who hasn't gone yet? right behind her? >> oh, thank you. i am a huge fox news fan. i watch it all the time. but i never hear, and there could be a legal reason for this, i never hear anyone talk about the possibility -- although it's probably too late now -- of president obama being impeached. >> ship has sailed. >> the ship has sailed. >> he's just biding his time. >> but in eight years -- >> you might get hillary clinton getting impeached before she gets sworn in. wouldn't that be fun? can i -- show of hands. you guys all fox people? hands up? how about all the five? there you go. the five? o'reilly stuff? can we give tony a happened for cashin in? [applause]

okay. we good? where are we? everyone's good? okay. where do you want me now? i guess i go over there. nice to see everybody. thank you so much. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> and i tell a story in "life equity" about being out campaigning. i'd been in the state senate, and now i was campaigning for congress. no one in temperature had ever on their -- in tennessee had ever gone out, run their race. i was the first woman elected in her own right. we had had four women who had followed a spouse, and i was in

a county that had a little what we call a meet in three, a little café. your plate is one meat and three veggies. so we call them meat and threes. and i had gone in in this county. they didn't have many women that served in elective office, and so i was passing out my campaign material, and i went over to this gentleman that you could tell had been out farming and handed him my card, and i said, hi, i'm state senator marsha blackburn, i'm running for congress, and i sure would appreciate having your vote. so he looked at me and he said, little lady, what qualifies you? now, that's a giveaway. you know you're not going to get the vote. being called little lady. what qualifies you for the u.s. house of representatives? and i thought, well, you know, i've been to the 3-year-old

choir director and the girl scout cookie mom, so i think probably could handle the u.s. house of representatives because i've handled those jobs. and bear in mind, he didn't want to talk about that i was a state senator and just had led a four-year fight to keep us state income tax free. you know? that didn't go. so i kind of threw that at him, and i thought, you know, those jobs of being the 3-year-old choir directer and the room mother chairman and the girl scout cookie mom, those are true life skills that do prepare you for working with people, with working with diverse groups of people and with being able to help lead groups and entities and organizations. part of that transferable skills thing. so, you know, people will undersell a woman when it comes

to the job that she can do. >> host: did that impress him? >> guest: yeah, i think it did, because he called me back over the the table. motioned to me like this. he looked at me and said, little lady, what are we going to call you, congress girl, congress lady? i said, you know what? congressman suits me just find. so he kind of chuckled, and i hope i got his vote. >> you can watch this and other programs on line at booktv.org. >> host: joining us from new york is donald mcneil, the science reporter for "the new york times" and author of the book, "zika, the emerging end dem cantic." thanks for joining us. >> guest: thank you for inviting me. >> host: the title of your book says it's an emerging epidemic, but where are we as far as the u.s. on this epidemic as well? where is zika concentrated, andd is it spreading? >> guest: it's still emerging.

this is the first year of the epidemic hitting this hemisphere. it sprang out of brazil at the end of last year and has been spreading northward and a little bit southward.d. it reached florida last month there's more than a thousand travel-related cases in the united states, people who have it because they went to countries that have it, but now we have local transmission inside florida. >> host: what are the common forms of transmission? >> guest: the most common form is mosquito-borne transmission, that's the vast majority of it, and it's mostly the mosquito that's found in the southern part of the country. the cdc's assuming it's going to be limited mostly to the tropical parts of south, so florida all the way over to houston. could be an outbreak in hawaii because there's been a related disease, dengue, in hawaii, but nobody knows yet. >> host: so as far as -- >> guest: and the second form of --hehe >> host: go ahead.

>> guest: sorry. i should have mentioned, sexual transmission. mostly male to female or male to other male. there's one known case of female to male transmission. and it's, i mean, this is an incredibly sneaky virus. nobody's ever seen a mosquito-borne virus that's also sexually transmitted and one that attacks babies in the wombn and causes these devastating birth defects, basically either killing them or destroying their lives. >> host: i was going to give us a further extra night exactly what zika is -- extra neigh exactly what -- exactly what zika is. >> guest: for most people who get it, even children, anybodyo who gets it, it's a mild disease. but if a woman is mr. president, literally at any time in her -- pregnant.ti literally at any time in her pregnant, it is able to attack a fetus' brain. babies have been born blind,

deaf, unable to ungrip their limbs. clearly, they're never going to be able to walk or to talk, and then the most severe cases have microcephaly which is a tiny, shrunken head with an undeveloped brain inside it. some of those children die in the first week of life, some of them survive, but they have really very little life. i mean, they basically can breathe and digest but not do a whole lot else, so it's a real tragedy for those parents and those babies. >> host: aside from the children, if an adult contracts it, what are the symptoms then, and what is the likely -- what's the damage, so to speak? >> guest: there really isn't much damage if an adult contracts it. it's a bothersome disease, but it's a rash, red eyes, low-grade fever, 102, 103 at most usually. itchy rash but it usually goes away in a week to ten days. there's about a 1 in 5,000 chance of gee yam baa raisin

dream, it's a form of creeping paralysis a little like polio, but it usually goes away, and it's also there's a 1 in 4,000,000 risk, and we live with that risk every day even fromth being involved with automobiles, things like that. so that's to not the most devastating consequence, although it exists. >> host: donald mcneil, our guest.o ho he's the author of "zika: the emerging epidemic." and joining us to talk about the virus, what we've seen in the u.s., other responses as well. if you want to ask him questions, you can do so on the phone lines, republicans,public 202-748-8001. democrats, 202-748-8000. independents, 202-748-8002. and post on twitter @c-spanwj. your book, mr. mcneil, what was the -- what caused you to get interest in this virus inth the first place? >> guest: i was, it was a slowa

week after christmas last year, and i was looking for an item to write, and i suddenly saw a o headline out of brazil that said, you know, officials in the health my industry had asked mothers in brazil to stop havinn children, if they could. and i was just shocked by that. you never hear governments asking women to stop having children because, you know, carried to the extreme, that's the end of your nation. and i thought what in the world is this, and i saw they had had this outbreak of microcephaly at the hospitals in northeast brazil, and they weren't positive, but clearest explanation seemed to be nine months earlier there had been this outbreak of this mysterious mosquito-borne virus. nobody expected anything terrible from it. and suddenly, one after another baby was being born with these horrible birth defects. we've been basically writing about it pretty much full time since then. >> host: from the responses that you've seen on the ground particularly in miami, florida,

where we've seep some of the news -- seen some of the news come out for the last couple of weeks, we've seen pictures of, you know, suited-up men, you know, workers trying to combat that, tell us what's going on on the ground there when we see. these pictures and things like that. what are we seeing? >> guest: well, it's clear that the mosquito in one part of miami is transmitting the virus. the cdc and the state of florida are hoping that they can limit the epidemic to just that one square mile of territory, and so their intensively killing mosquitoes in there. whether or not they can do that remains to be seen. i mean, puerto rico is absolutely overrun with the virus, but puerto rico is considerably farther to the south, has a lot more mosquitoet and doesn't have as good mosquito control. florida has the best in the world, but that doesn't necessarily mean they can beat this. they had an outbreak of dengue in key west in 2007, and they started fighting it when they knew about three cases, but it still took two years and 90

cases before they beat it. so we'll see what happens. you know, i'm waiting to see if the confidence was justified. so what they're doing is allll sorts of tradition alamosprograo

combat this. is that a temporary fix or are they going to figure something out on a budgetary front? guest: the first thing i should say is that i am a science reporter. my nightmares covering washington. i let my colleagues cover that so i watch as an interested observer rather than political correspondent. money is needed to fight epidemics whether it is swine flu, whether it is stars, whether it is ebola. >> guest: you know, congress has to pass money in order to fight these things.eyhi you can't necessarily pull money out of one pocket very easily in the federal bureaucracy to fight other things. you know, the only agency in the federal government that has at lot of discretionary funds they cann do what they want with ista

the military, and i would not bt surprised if the military is ultimately called in to fight zika. it has been in many other countries in this hemisphere. congress is -- you know, the republicans' attitude in congress has been take the money we gave you for ebola and use it tobo fight zika, their thinking being, you know, the ebola epidemic ended quicker or than we expected, and so there must be money left over. you know, the truth is public health funding and money for fighting epidemics is woefully underfunded in this country. and so a lot of the ebola money went into creating things in africa that are needed to fight diseaseses, future diseases that might come here. we don't want lhasa fever coming here, there's a lot of diseases in africa we don't want coming here, so a lot of that money went to set up laboratory capacity, to set up surveillance networks, to do things that are extremely useful for protecting the united states.

some of that money was spent and some of it was committed. yeah, the cdc and the hhs took some money from that budget, they took someme money -- now they're taking it from other t budgets. eventually, if the disease keeps spreading, they're going to have to come up with new money to fight it, and right now the disease is still spreading. i don't expect it to be limited to one square mile of miami. i think before this hot, wet summer is over, we're going to see a lot more zika in this country. so ie think it's probably going to take more money. but, like i said, i'm a science reporter, not a political reporter, so i don't have the budget documents in front of me. i'm just using what i know about disease fighting. >> host: $81 million transferred overed to biomedical research, c story in "the new york times" addingrk that lawmakers feuded r months, democrats blocked consideration of a republican measure that would have allocated $1.1 billion but included provisions that would have banned funding for planned parenthood. nancy pelosi at a conference, press conference last week talked about the zika, money for

zika and research, adding her concerns as far as a budget or at leasts more money is concerned. b here's participant of what she had to -- part of what she hadeo to say. >> what is it with them that they don't understand? a sexually-transmitted disease, you use contraception. now, i grant them their position on many issues, we have a different philosophy.he but come on, come back.d do the job.os do the job. andme when i -- anytime i see oe of our republican colleagues i ask them, what was it that you accomplished during your break thatd was more important than te health and the well being and the safety and the security of the americanan people? >> host: let's go to keyport, new jersey, pat on our republican line,er you're on wir our guest. go ahead. >> caller: hi, thank you. i'd like to know given the fact that we have human-to-human transmission, i realize it's still early in the presence of zika in the u.s., but do you know how long someone can transmit the disease once they're infected?

and given that, how safe is our blood supply going to be going t into future? you. >> guest: not everybody who gets zika is capable of sexually transmitting it. it's been a surprise to learn that some viruses can get into the testicles, basically, and set up an infection there. but that's not universally the case.t so only some men who get zika get infections so thorough that it gets into them deeply enough intoy their immune logically privileged area so that they can pass on the disease.to originally they had found it only for about two months in semen, nown they're found it for about -- they've found it for about six months, but what they found iss viral rna. it's not clearly live virus. so this is still kind of an open question more scientists.il the cdc's attitude so far has been, look, we've found what we're pretty sure is live virus

for two month, so let's act out of an abundance of caution and say people shouldn't have unprotected sex if the woman is thinking of getting pregnant for six months.wo they sort of take the known danger period, and they triple it.. so that, right now that's the advice.od so, basically, any woman who's pregnant should avoid unprotected sex with a man who's had zika infection for the length of the pregnancy, because ath man can have infection witht symptoms.maio although it's also clear that people get zika ca and are notar able to traction mitt itit sexually. -- transmit it sexually.yo can't really run tests on everyone who's's having sex with pregnant women in this country. on the blood supply, there are tests for testing of the blood supply.in they're not perfect, they're pretty good. you know, there's a window period in which any blood testwh isn't -- it will miss an infection because it just hasn't multiplied the number of times in the blood it needs to

multiply to be detectable. i think the window period for this test is about eight days, but i'd have to go back and look itda up. one thing blood bank industry does is when you know an area has zika infection, they stop accepting new blood from that area.e there's also some kinds ofoo what's called pathogen inactivation technology that can kill the virus. we don't use that in whole blood, but we do use it inco things like clotting factor for hemophiliacs and things like that, so you can render the blood safe even if it's infecteu with zika. >> host: next up, christine fron alabama. independent line. you're on with our guest, go ahead. >> caller: yes, mr. mcneil, i was listening or, i heard you're a science reporter.d i was wondering if you have a specific science background? also, obviously, mosquitoes areu the transmission source of the zika. what is the actual mutation source of the virus, and how did that originate?, and is there a vaccine currentlt in development with the cdc?

thank you. >> guest: okay. i'm afraid my science background -- i have an undergraduate degree in rhetoric from uc berkeley. the science i h know is, basically, self-taught from being a reporter in science. i was a broadway theater reporter, and then i was an africa correspondent, and from africa i segwayed into covering aids, and from aids when i came back to new york, i started covering diseases in general, and i cover sort of all the infectious diseases that might -- well, that hurt people out in the poor countries of the world andt also might reach frm those countries to this one. ando zika's a pretty good exame of that. the secondat question was is there -- what is the mutation. we don't really know that there's any important mutation in zika that's made it more dangerous or more transmissable. been known about since 1947, it was in monkeys in africa in 1947, it was then

found to be in humans by the 1950s, they realized it was inhu humans. but because it was this mild and very obscure disease, nobody started testing for it really until about 2007 when it turned up on yap island, and the cdc went out there to investigate an outbreak of this mystery disease, and that's when they began to really start i characterizing the virus.g there's no obvious mutation in the virus that makes it more dangerous to babies or moretr transmissable among humans, but when you have a population that's totally naive to a disease,io it's never had it before and you start transmission, you can get a lot of transmission of that disease. i mean, the classic example is whatat happened when white peope came to this country and brought all their diseases onto the americanio indian population,am measles, smallpox, ferc, 90% of them -- network, 90% of them werepl wiped out within a couple generations by the diseases introduced. we're seeingll something like td

in zika in that we have a naive population.nt luckily for us, it's a relatively mild disease except for babies. the question of vaccine is, no, there is no vaccine now. the best hope probably there will becc a vaccine. s this is unusual, it's not likn malaria, it's not like aids, it appears to be something that we can make a vaccine against pretty easily because it's related to yellow fever, it'sus related to dengue, and it's realitied to -- related to japanese end receive lites, and there are vaccines for those, and they work pretty well.r but even though the vaccines are being made and are just beginning to be tested now, it still i takes about two years of testing because, you know, with vaccines -- with cancer drugs you're giving them to a sick person, someone who's in danger of dying, so you can get experimental with them. in this case your target is a woman who either has a baby or is a about to have a baby, and so that i is the most vulnerable

population. you want tolala be absolutely dd sure that your vaccine is as safe and effective as it can be before you start handing it out that testing is expected to take two years. another thing that's going to complicate that is it looks like the epidemic peaks and disappears pretty fast.s colombia has already declared its epidemic effectively over. it's not totally over, there's still some cases, but it's other as a public health emergency, and so if there isn't an epidemic around to testhe the vaccine in, we may never get the final tests on this vaccine.va so it's kind of a race against time. in any case, the best experts say two years' minimum before there's ay vaccine, so that's t helpful protection while this disease is raging. >>st mr. mcneil, a viewer off twitterer asks if you participae athletes returning from th summer games in rio coming back with symptoms. >> guest: not -- no. i mean, first of all, we're not hearing any reports out of rio of a lot of athletes sufferingre

symptoms. i was expecting that, i didn't want hear it. i wasn't -- i tell you the truth, i wasn't expecting very much because this is rio's winter. august is winterou down there. it doesn't mean it's cold in rio, you've seen the picture. there's no snowmen around, but it's in th' 70s rather than being in the 90s, and mosquito transmission tends to peak and fall for all diseases, dengue, chikungunya, stuff like that.s so there's relatively low mosquito transmis. also there's been a big -- transmission. also a lot of the population has what's called herd immunity, they're imnewspaper to the virus -- immune to thehe virus. so i, i was unsure what would happen, you know, all summer before the games started, now that the games have started, it doesn't look like there's a whole lot t of transmission, lie a lot n of athletes are sufferig from zika, so i don't expect any big transfer of it back to this country orof any other country. >> host: our guest talking about

the zika virus, the author of a book on it, "zika: the emerging epidemic," reports on science andd health for "the new york times." let's hear from martha from connecticut, democrats' line. you're who on with our guest, go ahead. >> caller: hi. my question was asked and answered, if you're a scientist, and youwe said, no, that you had no background in that, but reporting you have excellent background. so my question is this: how, how would we in connecticut being the distance that you stated that it takes for them to fly or to travel, how would they get to the states with this disease basically being a south american disease? how did itdi come here in the first place? was there stagnant water on the airplane -- >> guest: no, no, no, it's people. >> caller: unless it's transmitted by humans. >> host: mr. mcneil. >> guest: it's people, it's not mosquitoes.

a lot of diseases go around the world either in the noses or blood of people. .. in china and be in the united states in less than a day. particular bad flu, you can transmit it to the next person you see. you can transmit it on the .irplane this is a mosquito borne disease, but it's also a blood-borne disease. you get infected in brazil or puerto rico or the dominican republic are virtually anywhere and then you fly to this country. if you are in the right place, you can section transmitted to your partner. at the right mosquitoes are in place, they can transfer to other people. the female mosquito suck blood into their mid-gut, abdomens and takes a week or so for the virus to get from the mosquito's gut to its salivary commands and be able to transmit it on. but you have to remember there

are 3,000 different kinds of mosquitoes in the world. only a few species and only one species is common in the out that we know about. traps mitts this virus. a second win that transmits it not very well. this mosquitoes, adisease aegypti are almost every in connecticut in a super hot, super wet summer like this one is shaping up to be if you're in new york city, there's a possibility of mosquitoes in connecticut in august or september, but it's not a big risk. the real risk is in florida, alabama and mississippi, houston, and mostly in skis. you -- mostly in cities. you have to have a pinup and transfer viruses to people and more mosquitoes get inexpected -- infected and you get awhirl wind. so yellow fever is mostly a forest disease, although they're

have something giant outbreaks in cityies in right now. >> from ohio, good morning. >> caller: hello. thank you for taking my call. i'm indian and pakistanan general practitioner and live in ohio. i moved from india to pakistan a couple of years ago and then came to the u.s. in 2005 because of the extremists -- i came here and i faced the virus zika which is very dangerous. just want to let people know that the mosquito-born infection which was fired identified in africa in 1947 has spread significantly across the world since the first reported case in brazil in 2015. for most people it's a very mild infection, and is not harmful.

however, scientists believe it's hip an unprecedented number of children being born with unusual small headed -- >> host: we got that from our guest. what would you like to ask specifically? >> caller: what is the best way to educate people on occasions they get this disease and they catch it? i think education is one of the most important things for people to actually know about viruses like zika. thank you. >> host: thank you. >> guest: i didn't quite understand the question. what is the best way to treat people? >> the best way to educate people. >> guest: oh, posters. tv ads, radio added. you have to reach people through every medium there is. in new york city, they had posters up in the subways in

april about -- the education has to be pointed towards the risk, and in new york city they have posters in the subways in april and may talking about mosquitoes. i thought, it's really cold in and windy out there, there are no dangerous mosquitoes around right now but at the same time there are people coming bam from puerto rico with this disease and ought to be pictures of good can-looking guys because they're the only transmission risk. you have to become that the risk that you're facing and then you have to give people fairly detailed information in a way that they can understand but it's not too scary for them. people need to understand that this is not the doomsday virus. not the giant threat. this is a very serious threat to unborn children but to everybody

else, it's not a serious threat. so shouldn't be panic but extreme care that women who are pregnant or thinking of getting pregnant stay away from these areas, or think about not being pregnant during that time if they have to be in that area. it's a real risk, and the chances of getting are small but the downside is absolutely terrible and that something that city health authorities, public health authorities and anybody else in the business of communicating with the public needs to do. >> host: let hear from robert in indiana. republican line. good morning. >> good morning. how are you. >> host: well, thanks. good ahead. >> caller: you talked about funding for the zika virus. why don't we take it from planned parenthood or whatever they call it these, these abortions because we're killing our children for in good reason. >> host: tony up next in fontana, california. the republican line. >> caller: how are you doing

this morning? i would like to know how disease from 1947, becomes an epidemic in 2015? where is the transmission factor at where it's all of a sudden this big issue? when i was a little kid i was bit by mosquitoes and never had to worry about zika and now 2016, all of a sudden you have to watch the mosquitoes. can you explain that? >> guest: sure. can i ask where youyear bitten as a kid? >> host: he has already left us. sorry about that. >> guest: there was a time when getting bitten by mosquitoes in this country could lead you to have malaria and other diseases emthe answer is diseases change over time. the transmission changes. the disease was discovered in 1947 in africa and probably had transmitted there for thousands of years and never came to this country. unlike yellow fever, did not come to this country with the

slave trade, some diseases like yellow fever did. itself went at some point from africa to asia. it circulated there. because it's a mild disease, nobody paid attention to it. you also have to understand it's really tough to test for diseases when you don't know what they are. when you know what it us you design the test. when somebody has a medal fever and rash, unless you have ha pacific test you don't know what it is. it took them five years to do the research to realize the virus in the monkey in africa in 1947 was not yellow fever, was not dengue, was not forest fever. lots of diseases that most people are happy they don't know the names of. this happens to be one at that time traveled the world. it went to asia. nobody developed a test for it, and because it was mild, nobody noticed it. it was in places where how head

epidemics of deng be -- dengue and other diseases and it circulated under the radar. it was in micronesia in islands that the united states and the japan fought over during world war ii. it created an enmick -- epidemic there but it was mild and the cdc went to investigate the epidemic because we have had a relationship with those islands. then get to french poll near should and -- poll knee should and infected the islands within months and they discovered the connection to guillain-barre, and they did notice make the connection to microcephaly, the damage to the babies, because it doesn't damage every baby. damages a minority of them. then finally when it came to brazil, you had a situation

where you had millions of cases because you had people crowded together in slums. you have to have jet travel in order for people with the virus to get from place to place and traps mitt the disease. you have to have populations crowded in urban slums ask you have in brazil but not 50 years ago, and have to have people who tend to give birth in hospitals because that's when if you notice something like microcephaly. might have only been five cases in a hospital but they knew that was unusual because normally doctors in those brazilian hospitals only see maybe one case of microcephaly eve two or three years and then the have five or seven in one hospital and realize something serious is going on. there are diseases under the radar that we don't know about right now that we will hear about in the next few years and that keeps me employed, it news diseases always pop out.

>> host: charlie from kentucky. independent line. >> caller: thank you, chance, thank you for contributing to public discourse. my question is, what do the bill and melinda gates foundation know about mosquitoes mosquitoen they help with the problem? >> guest: bill and melinda gates foundation has a lot of people who are experts in mosquitoes. they're not -- they're playing some role in zika. takes them a while to ramp up. they gave money to puerto rico, for example, to help get the message out that people needed to take the disease seriously and take precautions because puerto rico was so broke they had no money for'm newspaper or tv spots. i haven't looked specific into this and shouldn't try to answer

the question but they have mosquito experts who are normally experts in malaria, dengue and other diseases who can be helpful and are giving money. right now most of the budget for other countries is coming from those countries' own mosquito-fighting efforts. they have mosquito diseases all the time and need to fight them. in the united states, a lot of that money has come from the state of florida. because they're fighting mosquitoes all the time, don't normally go to the foundation to ask for money. usually -- since the taxpayers pay for their open protection. so i wouldn't count on this as something that gates foundation has to do. fighting ebola in africa when it was coming to this country was something that every paper should take an interest in and shouldn't have to run to the

foundations every time you want money. ought to tell people this is your own self-interest, popey up the taxes now and make sure your family is protected. >> host: he book is "zika the emerging epidemic" donald mcneill joining us. amy from west virginia, democratic line. you're next. >> caller: yes, hello. thank you for c-span and i'm really glad you're having this program on this morning. because i do feel that people really have lack of education about this disease and about mosquitoes. but anyway i came in late on the show and don't know if you talked about how -- the best way to eliminate mosquitoes from someone's yard. because it seems like sometimes people panic and they spray all niece pesticides and everything, and people don't realize you can have overkill on pesticides. when they were having the -- in

brazil and i saw the men on tv just fumigating all of the place, i can understand the fear of pregnant women but i kept thinking, well, this stuff they're spraying all over wherever could be just as bad for the unborn babies. as zika virus is. so, i wish you could speak about the best way to eliminate mosquitoes around your yard, and the fact that generally mosquitoes, once they're born, they don't fly 50-mile miles. anyway tend to stay in a smallish area. so i was wondering if you can speak about that. >> host: thank you, caller. >> guest: okay. i really don't agree that there is any equality between the risk from pesticides and the risk from this virus. we know this virus destroys

babies. pesticides -- people have an irrational fear of pesticides. in this case -- pesticides aren't the whole answer. the way to eliminate -- we talk about one mosquito here, the adisease aegypti. it loves to bite humans and doesn't bite periods or deer or horses the way some mosquitoes do it likes to live in human gardens, lay eggs in relatively clean water, like in a bird bath, swimming pool, your rain gutters if you have rain in them. like in your best water dish if it isn't cleaned regularly. theft the kind of places. they get inside your house and lay eggs in your shower drape if -- drain if it's not flushed with water regularly. so, it's a mosquito that likes to live in very close proximity to humans, tends to breed in human gardens. and will fly into your house and hide under your bed nor your