that is not a trivial question if silicon valley gets flooded. how do we move the knowledge economy so embedded we haven't been able to replicate, even though cities and countries around the world tried to replicate it. how do we move it? that is 30 years down the road. that is whole series of questions. some of the questions we are asking here through the future of work and workers project at t casbs. what is a new moral economy for a changing world? louis and i highlighted our differences. it may be difference in approach. when you're worried about adaptations seems solutions are easier to come by. there is data and clear price signals and institutional pathways and historic

adaptations and reforms that we can draw on. if you're worried about mitigation it's a whole different ballgame because we don't understand the systems that are changing. our understanding of them is profoundly incomplete. changes by the day. so we have to ask in a setting it that is highly inco hate and yet we have to act now, and our we have to act i would argue in ways that are profound. in ways that would actually look like a revolution in the institutional structures that we rely on, the revolution in our relationship to land. here i'm not using revolution in a burning kind of way. what i'm trying to say here, we need to reconceptualize our notion that the earth and the resources that it generates are here for our productive use only. all of these are different approaches.

we think that that they offer possibilities. i will mention the possibilities. do you want to say anything about this. >> the important thing we have to act and act quickly and in multiple ways, realize the future is not stable. the future is rewriting world in constantly changing way. as we move forward the future of work must help us address these issues. the conversations we have, have to be brought together if we're going to mitigate and adapt. that we'll survive as species as a planet. the analogies of the 1930s are not perfect. we hope it is a starting point beginning to think through what are the policies we can do to invent the industry of the future. to invent a way of handling, this ongoing, almost inevitable crisis. >> to face constraints. >> face the constraints. >> and unknowable. >> thank you very much much, for coming here tonight. [applause]

>> sorry. >> do we have longer than we were supposed to but we'll still have time for q&a i hope? >> we will. >> we'll have about 15 minutes for q&a. >> all the questions, all the answers, we'll solve it for 15 minutes. >> i think you're in the middle, right? >> i'm in the middle. i have the microphone for the front. room, okay? so, that was fantastic talk. and it was very, the work and workers group has been dealing with many of these issues but this brought together a whole new aspect to it, even though we have talked about climate change and environmental problems that could enhance both kinds of economic complexities that we face, but also what the future of work and workers will be.

we hadn't really laid out that agenda quite so clearly as the two of you did tonight and i'm very grateful for that. it really helps us, i think everybody in the room is part of our group and hopefully others of you will see this as a way which we might begin to think as we go forward. are there some questions? i'm sure there are, comments that you want to raise? okay. christie, you send the first one. will you introduce yourself. >> hi thank you. i'm martha russell. media exit, stanford university. i love the talk, bringing disciplines together in this way is so exciting. it is what casbs does. i do have this question though. you talked about a lot of things that we know. it is important to put those steaks in the ground but looking at future that you paint, what would you say are the most important things that we need to know that we don't now know that would help us create this future that we want to live in?

>> i was going to collect a couple questions but that one is too hard to pass up. i think you have to take it right away. >> well, i think the challenge is we don't really know what we need to know. this is impossible problem. it is a wicked problem. we do know that things we have considered stable are no longer such, and that they are likely to present us with challenges that are unpredictable and unlike anything we've ever seen. so, just to give you an example, basically much our economy relies on shipping containers, moving products around the world and one can imagine that storms, major clue mackic storm events would make that difficult, right? one piece of data we came across, for a cup of coffee, that is 30,000 miles of transport. so, what we would like, what i think the answer to that question is, what are, our

sensitivities? what are the places where we are most vulnerable as an economic system, since we can't predict what the climate will do. we're trying very hard, but we're not right there yet. where is our economic system most vulnerable and who is most vulnerable? and where will we see the vulnerabilities emerge? what will be, who will be the canary in the coal mine? what will be the canary in the coal mine? >> i think when we do our financial models we often like to run aggressions and hold everything else constant. yeah. i like numbers too. numbers are very reassuring. numbers may or may not have anything to do how we're going. there are wild continuities for the good and for the bad. that is the essential truth about capitalism, it is discontinuity with all human history. something only around a few hundred years produced unimaginable amounts of wealth and unimaginable amounts inequality.

we need to have the engine work for us rather than work us over. you can't just hold everything else constant. >> there was a question -- why -- >> hi, my name is edward strickland. i'm ceo of a business named gbiz incorporated. we're a member of the stanford center of professional development. in regards to the timing of the change, there is some systemic issues that are occurring today that didn't happen in the early 19 hundreds and that is the population growth. it is tenfold. and the demand on the industrialized, capitalized model is that much greater now than it ever has been before. and the problems that we're facing today from that in regards to land grabs throughout the world for the oceans, the food, the land that is sustainable to be used is even more grave than it ever has been. how do we calculate the change?

because if you say there is an inflection point that needs to make this change occur, it can not grabbed all. it has to be bifurcated and there has to be some radical revolution. otherwise, we won't change. can that be addressed? >> thank you. i did get them to not include demography already in this complicated -- >> we were told we had half hour. as you can see we really held to that. >> that is really important point. >> do you want to collect questions? >> why don't we collect a couple questions. >> mark -- chief technology officer at netapp, a tech company here. it strikes me there is one difference here, maybe there isn't, i just don't know the history, we're in a history after lot of prediction of climate change and many people don't believe the predictions. photographs from the 1930s. that is a not prediction. there is wall of dirt coming

across the country. i don't know whether there is precursor of that, prediction of disaster that was ignored but in our case, there is a politically different challenge. a little bit related to earlier question. you almost need to have an actual cataclysmic event, it appears as we did in the '30s to bring people to action. it is wonderful to think about this, in this audience who get lots of people sympathetic, but to actually move the population, how do we do that, how do we bring about. or sit here in five years we say, we told you so? >> why don't we take one more question. is there one in the back. just, i will come to you next, bob, i promise. >> thanks. my name is randy spock. i'm a student at the business school down the road and i can't speak on behalf of my fellow future capitalist cronies but i personally am very receptive to arguments for both adaptation an mitigation. my question is, how can we help? how can those of us who are not

scrutinizing these institutions from without, but hope to be embedded in them from within how do we contribute to the ongoing quest? >> we have three questions. one has to do with the importance of population shifts. the second has to do with you how do we get the public to understand what is going on. and the third, comes from the next generation, how can we help? >> well, i will just try to pull a couple things together here. i think some people already know this is happening, especially people who live in coastal areas, especially in the developing world. climate change is already real. climate change is not as real to us but in many parts of the world already is. there is emerging economies where we, if you look to studies, we're counting on for continued growth of capitalism, global call tappism in the 21st century. look how we value all our stock, through the emerging markets. yet the emerging markets are the ones most vulnerable to these

new kinds of developments. one of the challenges is, how do we think about this not just in national context but global context when we come up against very real governance issues. we'll have to think through how to deal with that. what can be done. i mean if the answer is, that these governance issues are such a barrier, how do we mitigate the governance issues in libertarian way? how do we move together and bring together different constituencies in a more statist way? i think it would be lovely if capitalists of the future could figure out how to make money off saving the world. that would be the ideal situation. but i suspect that people who have these ideas don't have the capital to get going. and that we, through the policies of have choked off access to innovators an small businesses that need that capital. it is hard, if you're outside of very sexy, short-term profits to get long-term investment. we need to do something to

mitigate the risk for investors like we did in the 1930s to get the new kinds of industries going. >> can i say a few things? >> yeah. >> i think louis is right on the money on this. >> we usually agree. we're drawing artificial contrast. >> i would place the emphasis slightly differently, which is rigidity in terms of how we value successful investment, in many ways we transplant those on to emerging economies. those rigid at thises are mirrored by policy rigidity. one would be do no harm. in many trade agreements we have stipulations that make it incredibly difficult for local and national governments to adjust quickly and effectively to climate change pressures. we may want to think about that

as we draft trade agreements and maybe not include those stipulations, not only to allow countries to respond but also because that knowledge of how to respond will provide us with guidance of how to move forward. the question about did, people know that the dust bowl was going to happen? some people did. and the trouble is, that the people who did were not the people whose knowledge was valued. so there is a politics of knowledge even then right? so the native americans who were displaced from the great plains were famously expert in managing the these huge bison herds and got their livelihood from it. and warned even as they were chased off the land, and as the last bison was killed this would destroy the earth. cattle ranchers who came in after them gave the same warning but they were not included in the speculative financial bubble that drove some small farmers to the midwest. and finally the question about

population. pretty much everywhere you look in the world we're on the other side of the population bubble. we're on the other side of the population hump. by that i mean, our populations pretty much everywhere in the world are going to start declining. the challenge, the bigger challenge, is that, we know how to manage that. the bigger challenge, is that we don't know how to manage movement of population. . .

this will be a structural issue and we will think about how to organize our production system to accommodate this structural flow of people who have left a rapid, not gradual, not planned way. >> i just want to add one thing to where the canary in the mine is and reinforce the point that often indigenous peoples have been moved to the absolute margins of viable and and water resources, and are very good way to know what's happening. they know when everything is disappearing. >> i also want to say this never access people. there's insufficient opportunities. people are amazing, and people are more creative than they are given credit for and we need to figure out ways to harness that and not put people either into roles where they can't be treated as humans. part of the task of addressing these issues is capturing the

global creativity of the human race. >> i'm bud conrad. the last 10 years chief economist for a small boutique firm. i think you underestimated in this analysis, although i love the integration of two very different fields so well, and including some divisive discussion about technology solutions or revolutionary solutions. i think we are headed towards revolution personally because i don't see it will it all. the problems i see, particularly financial ones and the political ones, which are closely intertwined with our bought and paid for government means we will likely have political revolution that is going to proceed perhaps biological and

environmental revolution. i consider perhaps fairly soon. so migration is how do you see that fourth, third, i'm not sure which, additional introduction? i consider both politics and economics very foldable in our country to revolution in the future. i wouldn't use the name medication for that. i would say revolution is its own name and maybe a third prong for your stool. >> as a guy with spectacles who spends his days reading, i prefer them not to be revolution. i think this is one of the reasons that the new deal policies were so expensive though, that there was this genuine fear of the organization of people in revolt. the russian revolution was what, a decade in the earlier? still very real. i think maybe we will finally be able to push a political economy in any way but we have been asked to be more equitable to produce a --

>> this is where we disagree, right? because if we don't act now we are done for. any kind of natural resource we are thinking about managing, any kind of hope for really survival on this earth, unless we actively engage with the processes of thinking about developing a new productive relationship to the earth at a time when earth will no longer be constant. if you just take water, for example, we think about our water resources as being stable but they're not. they are stressing a protective systems and our political systems in ways that are extreme. california has had a mild expression of this but other parts of the world have had much more extreme expressions of it and have seen significant political unrest as the result. and yet we don't seem to worry about it as being immediate. but when the crisis is here, the game is over. as one colleague said in a talk

he gave, extinction is permanent. >> as a historian i know -- >> we have time for just two more questions. we will take three. >> as a historian i know you think in long cycles but the rest of us are not very good at that. we think about what's for lunch tomorrow, concerned about next week. and, in fact, we know that we apply huge discounts to the future and maybe even worse for our policymakers, members of the house your we are very concerned about what's happening now and not concerned about what happens two years from now. how do you take that into consideration? >> and introduces a. >> i may follow here. i teach at brown university. we've got a historian on capitalism and a student in human migration. would you comment on the

observation that when we see people moving on the planet, they are moving toward not away from capitalism. >> i'm the ceo of a software company added a shipping company so i was very interested in how future work. the three things he talked about that breed a lot of unused capital, one, you talked about slavery. the second you talked about was world war ii and aerospace. and i had a talk, i went to a talk with -- been fueled by the old war. what i was wondering about is has been any sample was been tremendous capital infusions of that size that did not involve war?

and then second, does that predict anything for you about how capital will move in the future of that scale? >> thank you. i'll answer in reverse order. one of, i think it's an excellent question, but i advocated that we frame this as war, war against the planet, but the planet wants to kill us and so we should frame it as war because people seem to like war, for whatever reason. rather than we are defending the earth, we are attacking the earth. i think this is a way which we need to think about how we frame this problem so that the enemy is upon us. i was thinking about how america got whipped into this wartime frenzy in world war i against the huns. germany had no interest in attacking, germany wasn't nazis and. they were just germans. one of many, many imperial powers. this is one of the questions we should think about. how do we frame this question to

really get people as excited about saving the earth and ourselves as we are about killing other people. i think this is an important question. were there places where it was wartime? think of the largest capital, you think of factories in the 19th century, the textile factories were a war against africans were enslaved in some places. you think about railroads. that was about the wars against the indians in a lot of ways. there's always the sam sink partially about war but partially about other issues. as a prefix support for capital investment, i think would be nice if we could invest in things that were not about war. so we could have a nest of without having to think about how to fight the russians at the same time. -- nasa. how do we get people motivated without trying to kill people. the question, why are we moving

towards capitalism? capital is whether jobs are. how do we create a capitalism that can absorb all these people and remember that the passport is in a little over a century old. how do we absorb all these migrations of people around the world and make capitalism more inclusive? in terms of long cycles, it's true. unless alarmist perhaps are less alarmed that my colleague probably because i think well, we've seen all kinds of inequities before. they have been rebalanced. this war on inequities has been rebalanced. i can think about 1877 and the railroads and how there were widespread strikes against inequities in capitalism the other two parts of pennsylvania being reconquered by gatlin guns on the backs of railroad cars. is that a possibility? i hope not. people actually die. i think one of the questions is is this one different? we talked about that a lot the is this different? is the second machine age going

to not be able to absorb all these people? the real question we should be asking is, is this a climactic shift actually different? is this more like an ice age than just a slight change, and how do we adapt to this question. >> i would say that yes, it is like, certainly the best understanding of what is happening now suggest that this is a different scale in terms of the kinds of change we're likely to see. ever want to draw on historic examples we might look at the myers, for example, or mesopotamia or other collapses of civilizations that have not managed their natural resources well. those civilizations just like in some other stressors we're seeing now, the poor suffered most and were hit first in were hit hardest. so i really do think that this may be a paradigm shift in terms of our understanding at all

those historical moment we take the earth as a constant. that failure is institutional to it is not the earth changing to the ground beneath our feet literally shifting. i think migration is great. i think that it's great that someone who worries about economies and, you know, with the exception of one or two economists, basically there's a consensus that migration is helpful for economic growth. the trouble is not the people. and before i mentioned that, i would just say that they are a barometer of just like we're arguing the poor maybe or the vulnerable may be. the fact that more mexicans are leaving and arriving should tell us something about the futures that middle-class and lower middle-class workers have in the u.s. that prospects are not good and there's no point in staying or coming.

the trouble is not a movement of people. the trouble is that string input of the stations that we have. our institutions are not designed to deal with today, not designed to do with massive influx of people. in the past they have been more flexible and is grown in the u.s. and around the world increasingly more rigid. i don't think it's accidental that we are also engaged in a system of labor arbitrage to our global supply chains in ways that are much more pervasive and systemic than they may have been before. and the point about war, right. said the campaign makes me deeply, deeply nervous and deeply, deeply unsettled. >> it's a thought experiment. >> but that thought experiment makes me deeply uneasy. the reason it makes me deeply uneasy is that it requires us to draw on the same paradigm that have created the damage to solve the problem.

that paradigm is us against the earth. what i'm suggesting is that we need that paradigm shift and the production of institutions and practices that embody that shift. so how do we think about structuring our government, our laws, our international agreements, our international trade, our international finance in ways that embody an ethos around working with is changing and stressed the earth. and just to close, what does this mean for the future of work? >> also, i just want to say that i agree with natasha that that would be lovely. i guess i'm a little more pessimistic about the possibility for the kind of institutional change. what i'm trying to think is what are the most powerful levers we have to create this new change. i think we both agree it would be lovely to do something else.

if you guys have ideas how to do this, i'm afraid, deeply afraid we will not be able t to do tha. the war and capitalism seems like something people like. >> there are constraints. in california, right, so there are lots of debates about water rationing. there was a water shortage even before this massive drug. it's not politically possible. there's a way we can ration water. there's a massive drought. you can't invent water. i think these kind of constraints, i mean, we may not want to deal with them and tell their up on once they are up on a we are stuck. editor options when we are stuck then you are. >> with that note, i'm going to take both our speakers for type of presentation of very disturbing material. and i want to thank all of you for coming. thank you. [applause]

>> good job. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> green party presidential candidate joel stein holds a news conference today at the national press club. we will bring you that live at 10 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> today a discussion about river basin management with officials who oversee the mequon river in southeast asia. to take part in an event hosted by the stimson center. that's live at 2 p.m. eastern on

c-span2. >> one hundred years ago resident woodrow wilson signed the bill creating the national park service, and thursday we look back on the passage of these caretakers of america's natural and historic treasures. beginning at 10 eastern and throughout the day we take you to national park service sites across the country as recorded by c-span. at 7 p.m. eastern we're live from the national park service's most visited is to work on, the robert e. lee memorial at arlington national cemetery. join us with your phone calls as we talk with robert stanton, former national park service director, and brandon buys, former arlington house site manager who oversee the upcoming year-long restoration of the mansion headquarters in grants.

thursday, the 100th anniversary of the national park service live from arlington house at 7 p.m. eastern on american history tv on c-span3. >> dr. julius garvey, the sense of rights activist marcus garvey held a press conference to as president obama to pardon darby's 1923 mail fraud conviction. marcus garvey is most famous black nationalist philosophy advocating african-americans return to africa. >> [inaudible conversations]

>> welcome everyone this afternoon. the pardon of the honorable marcus garvey. my name is nkechi taifa, i'm a social justice and human rights lawyer here in the washington, d.c. area. we have a very dynamic panel for us this afternoon who's going to talk about the legal issues of the case, the historical issues of the case, the impact of marcus garvey in the worldwide diaspora, and many other aspects as well. i'm going to start off with leading a statement by congresswoman yvette d. clarke representing new york's ninth congressional district.

and this is her statement that she wanted red at this marcus garvey press conference. august 17, 2016. marcus garvey lives in history as one of the first leaders of the american civil rights movement. to unite people towards a common goal of social progress. marcus garvey founded the universal negro improvement association and african communities league, which at one time had nearly 6 million members in 40 countries. in 1923 marcus garvey was unjustly convicted of mail fraud and deported from the united states, despite having his sentence commuted by former president calvin coolidge in 1927. for almost 30 years efforts have been made to exonerate marcus garvey. the family of marcus garvey started this crusade in july of 1987 when one of the most senior

members of the congressional black caucus, the honorable john conyers, held a hearing in the judiciary committee on the conviction. they getting coincide with the resolution submitted by another senior member, the honorable charles reichel, asserted that, number one, our coast guard he was innocent of the charges brought against him. number two, marcus garvey is and should be recognized internationally as the leader and thank her for the struggle for human rights. and number three, the president should take appropriate measures to clear marcus garvey's name. historians including robert hill from ucla, tony martin at wellesley and -- have published materials detailing in depth how garvey was wrongfully convicted. law professor justin hansford, we are honored to have with us this afternoon, in his work, published in the georgetown

journal of modern critical race perspectives provided an in depth historical legal review which was further bolstered by the legal briefs submitted to united states department of justice and the white house counsel's office this summer. professor charles ogletree of harvard university law school and the garvey family, and we are so very honored to have represented your dr. julius garvey, the youngest son of marcus garvey. during the proceedings 30 years since the congressional hearing on the matter, garvey has been honored internationally as the leader and thinker in the field of human rights. the organization of american states has designated a halt at its main building quote marcus garvey hall. additionally, his country of birth jamaica barbie has been

named the countries first national hero. garvey's likeness is imprinted on the country's currency. in recognition of marcus garvey's lifelong contribution to society, his effort to uplift people of african descent and his work to promote economic independence, marcus garvey should be exonerated. by way of a posthumous pardon. president obama should take the appropriate measures to clear marcus garvey's name, showing that it is never too late to right a wrong. it is time to exonerate marcus garvey and let history reflect the true nature of his legacy. god bless the united states of america. god bless jamaica, and god bless the memory of marcus garvey. one love, the honorable yvette d. clarke representing new york's ninth congressional district. i would like to also acknowledge

this happens to be the birthday of marcus garvey, august 17. so we are very honored and appropriate to announce this historic, you know, announcement today. and we're going to start off our illustrious panel will with remarks from howard university associate professor of the african diaspora in history at howard, professor quito swan was going to give us a perspective regarding marcus garvey. professor swan. >> good afternoon. i'm great. it's truly an honor to be here, to be a part of this really important, almost as if it. marcus garvey legacy is still being explored and understood in

really important ways. it's hard to speak of garvey in 10 minutes because to speak of garvey you speak of the black world in the 19. speak of garvey is to speak the ideas of africa, than africani africanism, that extends the 19th century. speak of garvey is to talk about african resistance to systems of slavery. garvey himself as he was a descendent of -- speak of black men and black women that transfers into the 20th century. garvey is genius with the its ability to build the world's host expensive black mass movement of the likes we have never seen since. the negro world, for example, this amazing document, this newspaper that's only written in english but also french and spanish, travel across the world as contraband material. it speaks to the assault on garvey.

for speaking about black unity, for speaking about the need for black people like other populations across the world had a right to self-determination. some of these ideas to come during the civil rights struggle, that organization like the united nations will speak for the right of colonized peoples to have freedom to this is what garvey was speaking about. an amazing organization one of the reasons because it was family-based and had a juvenile wing, very family organization. that spread across the world, not just united states. cuba for example, that the most branches outside of nested within america it was seen as a new york-based african-american idea our list into an idea, you louisiana the most chapters of you in i-a in america. garvey reached africa. d.c. chapter thing form in southern africa and being attacked by the apartheid like machines also in what would not

be rhodesia. garvey reached australia in 1920. an organization called aborigines australian organization that much on the lines of unia. they had a branch in sydney who corresponded. that passports well, these deny. all this and look at now as being as being assault and the rights of human beings but the unia became this organization, that these tactics do not an assault. as we know, fbi first black informant was used to infiltrate the unia and the tactics were used to attack the unia were really out of bounds but was not unexpected. the gardening movement had this

phenomenon ability to galvanize black energy, black ideas for freedom the but back to australia, this speaks to me a lot about what garvey was so powerful. the aborigine progressive association took its motto one in, one destiny which we know now is garvey. through garvey we see people galvanized wrong, attacks is in the 1930s. when we heard the words of bob marley, emancipate yourselves, remember ourselves, free our minds. that's a straight quote from marcus garvey. his legacy has been ever present. garvey has fueled so many of the organizations from the nation of islam, people like this phenomenal educator in louisiana or south carolina speaks about seeing a black star like him into charleston harbor into

making toys and being blown and transformed by this process. we still have tracked in places like costa rica. still remember this from a ship that had this space. garvey still lives with us in many ways i think this event is really important, not just for the historical dynamic for how i look at garvey but as stated, in our time to right the wrong. there's a reemergence of derby studies that understands the impact of garvey across the world. clearly a test to the fact this is a movement of liberation, legitimate struggle that should be seen as such. that we can speak of these things openly and at conferences on the unia. scholars winning prestigious award for garvey. we should also address some of these same issues i think from a legal perspective. i think i will end i commented there. thank you. [applause] >> thank you so very much. the next person on going to bring up is some of it actually

was named as one of the top 40 lawyers under the age of 40 by the national bar association to someone who was named by revolt tv as one of the 25 new leaders of social justice. we are talking about professor justin hansford who is a professor of st. louis university law school who lives just 10 minutes from where michael brown was shot down in the street by law enforcement. justin, in ferguson, missouri. he is one of the foremost leaders and thinkers dealing with social justice issues today. and the law review article that congresswoman yvette clarke cited was really the catalyst behind the pardon petition that was filed in june by the law

firm of justin hansford. so with that i would like to bring professor hansford up to talk a little bit about the legal case and possibly introduce the lawyers from the law firm as well. >> good afternoon. i want to begin by reading you an excerpt from the legal case against marcus garvey, an opinion authored by the second circuit court of appeals in 1925. it may be true that garvey fancied himself a noses, if not a messiah, that he deemed himself a man with a message that he was going to deliver, it is going to have ships that would take his people out of

bondage. but even with this for some, it remains that if his gospel in part involved the acceptation to buy worthless stock accompanied by deceivingly false statements as to the worth thereof, he was guilty of a scheme or artifice of the fraud. we need not delay to examine in detail the fraud scheme exhibited by practically uncontradicted evidence. stripped of its appeal through the ambitions, emotions, or raise consciousness of men of color, it was a simple and familiar device of which the object as of so many others was to ascertain how it could best unload upon the public it's capital stock of the largest possible price.

at this blog is to attempt to justify the selling scheme practice and proven. it was wholly without morality or legality. that's the statement by the united states court of appeals for the second circuit. so this judicial opinion has reverberated throughout history until today. it illustrates how a court and a judge and a legal process can construct a narrative that can suppress, that can over us, and that can be value voices for justice. ultimately, the unjust trial of marcus garvey and the conviction and the deportation that followed was an attempt to silence and suppress his movement for racial justice. so we come here almost 90 years later to show that our resistance still endures come in spite of all the efforts that

were made to suppress our descent. we continue to fight, to restore the legacy and the ideas and the memory of marcus garvey. because he was the leader of the largest racial justice movement that we have ever seen in the course of our african diaspora history. so history matters. in spite of marcus garvey's great to come punishments, if i today was to ask a random person who was marcus garvey, maybe they will say wasn't that back to africa guy? and his legacy has been suppressed, his legacy has been narrowed and his legacy is so much larger and greater than just being back to africa guy. he was not just a civil rights leader, he was a political philosopher, a human rights trailblazer. is slogan africa for the africans both at home and abroad was an inspiration for the decolonization movement that

resulted in the independence of black nations all throughout the african continent, in addition to the caribbean. he was someone who was admired by martin luther king, nelson mandela and also as we learn more about later, malcolm x. but sadly his legacy has been tarnished, degraded and banished from the american narrative. in large part it was due to the legal opinion that you just heard in the criminal justice system which affected his unjust conviction. said the conviction was not just painful for his family, but for his followers. it has met all of our lives less rich it it has robbed us of an important part of our history. so i myself never heard the name marcus garvey until i was 15 and i was reading my favorite book, the autobiography of malcolm x, a book that changed my life. i found that marcus garvey was someone that malcolm x his father had worked with

complementary research who is this guy, marcus garvey? i went to a local public library to find information because of the public school where i was there was no book on marcus garvey. i read a book called black moses by david cronin. it was seen as a balanced treatment of marcus garvey, and his movement coming to present at garvey as a well-meaning dreamer who was sort of a buffoon, who was too ostentatious for his own good, and his incompetence and management led to his ultimate demise, according to david cronin. is this an accurate tally of the garvey story? and if not, why is that the legacy that has been passed down to us 90 years later? the silencing of the garvey doesn't come from a relevant.

in my short career i've had opportunity to travel to the caribbean, africa, to other parts of the world. i was able to do the same thing that marcus garvey did 100 used earlier, which is fine that where ever you go in europe, in the united states, or ever there are black people, they are at the bottom of the social ladder. they are at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder. what garvey did was to open up eyes to the fact that this doesn't have to be so. this is not something that was written in stone. his message rings true a century after he first delivered it. so since garvey's message is still revel relevant, how come we don't know about it? i think the answer is provided in the legal brief that i wrote along with attorneys from akin gump and also with charles ogletree from harvard who co-authored the legal brief we

submitted. and signed by dr. julius garvey to speak to you in a moment. the answer i think will shock and disappointment greatly -- we submitted to the department of justice and to the white house. i think we'll also shocked, disappointed and surprised many of them. and what it reveals is that arby's movement was deliberately and intentionally silenced. the law was just a tool that was used by j. edgar hoover and other people who are interested in seeing garvey's message suppressed. today in 2016 president obama has an opportunity to right this wrong. why is this the time to make things right? well, we outlined three reasons in the legal brief. first of all, this isn't the first time that a president has

given a posthumous pardon to someone who has passed away. oath president clinton and president bush have given posthumous pardons in the last years of their administration to clinton in 1999 and president bush in 2008. so these types of posthumous pardons are definitely legal. there's definitely president for doing so. secondly, marcus garvey is innocent. he's innocent. we have proven that beyond a reasonable shadow of a doubt. we were not the first persons to prove so. the united states congress held a hearing in 1987 in the house judiciary committee chaired by john conyers where they afford into all of the evidence. they looked at historical evidence presented by historians like robert hill and tony martin. they concluded party was innocent back in 1987. there have been dozens of books written about garvey's innocent the currently garvey's bus is in

all of american organs. his face is on the currency of, of jamaica's currency to marcus garvey is innocent and people around the world have recognized it. even our own united states government has recognized it. and, finally, why is this the right time to exonerate marcus garvey? the reality is there's never been a better time to do so. i believe that we are at a turning point in our racial justice history. we are at a time where we are trying to affirm perhaps for the first time ever that yes, black lights do matter in this country, and this is part of that process, an important part of that process. one of my favorite historians, vincent harding, has articulated that there is a river to the black freedom struggle, and for those of us who feel that we are a part of that freedom struggle, it's our responsibility to make

sure that we have that responsibility, that legacy that we have that legacy down to those who are going to follow us. that includes the memories of the great ones who have gone before us. i'm happy to be a part of this process and i'm looking forward to hearing your questions. thanks. [applause] >> thank you very much. i think, i would like to it acknowledge the presence of the honorable -- was joined us in the audience. and i am so very honored right now to bring to the podium ambassador attallah shabazz, the eldest daughter of malcolm x. she's an actress, and author, ambassador, motivational speaker. she was six years old when her

father was assassinated. and as so many people whose ancestry i guess you could say came from the caribbean as mine did as well, her grandparents were crusaders for marcus garvey's organization, universal negro improvement association. so at this time let's give a warm welcome to ambassador shabazz. [applause] >> we will have to update wikipedia. [laughter] because i am no actress. [laughter] >> they take away your intellectual power and try putting in something else. some of not but that has more life than it. i have my somewhat peace here. i asked you in advance to partly because as i should with dr. garvey over breakfast i have

dyslexia to open i can do justice to the letters. first i like to say greetings to this distinguished assembly of people who found it significant to be here today. there were many, many other way heard from, hundred of come and couldn't be here. i say that what doesn't take place today, that we continue however the results are, that we do not let it rest. that what turns and moves answers as we have heard thus far as to the validity for ever after, henceforth, no matter what. so that cannot in our lifetime as this happens we cannot let this rest. when you do on ourselves no matter what other structural systems in place for i, too, am a child of that which i j. edgar hoover surrounded and that there are some of us around here, and because of memory being so short, people never know what it

looks like, what we look like, but we talk like, what the inside of our systems you like, what underneath her clothes and about our skin, the keyboards that are there as the welcome just because we have a passive coexistence that we have a political correctness, you can actually tell truth and not malign. you can update history and not offend. you can assure it. it is up to us to do that. whether this exoneration or political board a presidential pardon takes place formally, we need to make our voices will be fine no matter what. no matter what. so i am really moved. this is, as it was yesterday, marcus garvey 129th birthday. yesterday was dr. julius garvey's birthday. i will not say how many years. it wasn't 129. charming as he is. [laughter]

>> i no longer have birthdays. >> and i'm here in a matter of hours just returning abroad. because there was no other place to me to be, because its tenure in honor of his father is like standard in honor of my own. in standing in honor of my own is like standing in honor of all the fathers who dared to walk and climb that trajectory that has always put before them. but we do get there. right? even if it is after life. our presence, that which soars in reins about us, that we whisper for some reason or another because it seems to be humble. ..

messages are passed on to our children and become a backbone of strength to them, our children, we need to talk about young kids, 30 don't have to advocate black lives matter, but see what i am talking about, connect the dots, they are not doing it, they don't have to say it over and over to convince somebody. 30 and under is not having to fight the fight alone. i am the grandmother of that age and there is a siphoning, a

hemorrhaging that takes place. it affirms the voice of what has gone before us and as a younger sister to doctor julius garvey make sure he doesn't breathe on this earth without accompaniment of somebody with the validity of this process. we won't always know their names but look at who we are. don't be mad about it, be glad about doctor julius garvey,

they wanted to know more about him. the teachings of marcus garvey continue to live on. the minister of culture and heritage. some wonder what attallah shabazz has to do with garvey. a teenage girl from grenada is inspired by his message with support of her father and mother, she set sail to montréal, canada where her uncle is a member of the university so all of this, not just the acronym so we understand what was intended, the universal influence, starting to feel something like that. following her position on english, spanish and french she became the negro world newspaper

where she and an african-american man called him and one of the conventions, presidential chapter in the united states, long story short she was my grandmother, he was my grandfather, my dad's parents, the household was absolutely routed by a foundation set in the african diaspora. it wasn't based on the outside. that was passed down. as we learned in history there is a crisis we pay for pride. as we gather and listen to others and have an exchange i am hoping we don't stop here. when they talked about inviting

me to grenada for emancipation day and acknowledging my father he is one of eight, the little girl -- have to do it for that person, in that early day, the people from whom i come also have value and got on that vote and the malcolm you think you know by way of something else is something else. we have to be clear about that by this global sense of who you are, not up from slavery which existed on the slave trade, that was unfettered. that is the power that does not define it or give it back so the going back to africa movement was not just about geography.

it was here and understanding that, no matter what blends in the western hemisphere or experiences, knowing your roots, the value of that is significant so this is no way to come and wave a flag, we talk about the story, bring in the root of the story, that is when they contacted doctor garvey. it was wonderful for two children to share in that union, to know the stories we know, sentences we can complete for one another and still have affirmation to make sure this legacy moves for our children, the most direct legacy of men and women like marcus garvey. thank you. [applause]

>> interesting history in the making. we must know our history, in the 1800s marcus garvey said call it being a race leader on him, he looked around and said where is the black man, his army, where is this navy, where other men and he looked around and could not find them and vowed to build them and that is where the movement is on top. calling upon the president of the united states to grant posthumous pardon to this great individual whose birthday it

happens to be today. i would like to continue and read a letter from the honorable andrew jackson young, former mayor of georgia and united states ambassador to the united nations, i, andrew jackson young, former united states manager to the united nations, right in support of the defenders of the markets -- marcus garvey and beneficiary of his legacy of the african diaspora who are petitioning for a long overdue posthumous presidential pardon for the honorable marcus garvey. i am dumbfounded why a pardon has not yet been granted to this visionary, inspirational leader who when i consider he is honored globally in recognition of his lifelong and substantial contributions to society and his efforts to uplift people of

african descent throughout the world every time i visit my granddaughter who lives across the street from the marcus garvey park in new york, i read about the injustice this hero has been dealt still bearing the scar of a conviction even though his sentence was commuted by president calvin coolidge. marcus garvey lived for history is one of the first leaders of the american civil rights movement. in the early 20th century he was an advocate for social, political indications of african dissent around the world and marcus garvey staked his name and movement under development of economic opportunity at the source of the black empowerment, to unite his followers toward a common goal of progress garvey found the university of improvement association, which at its height boasted nearly 6 million members in 40 countries. in the words of doctor martin luther king jr. quote, he was representative man on a mass

scale, to give millions of negroes a sense of dignity and make the negro feel that he was somebody. because of these achievements garvey was viewed as a threat to established order by the united states government decades before doctor king would become targeted for his activism, j edgar hoover led the bureau in surveillance of garvey and actively sought methods to disrupt and destroy garvey's civil rights movement. in 1923 based on intelligence gathered from undercover agents posing as garvey supported and aided by judicial proceedings that have largely been condemned as politically and racially motivated garvey was convicted of mail fraud and sentenced to 5 years in federal prison. in partial recognition of the stats underlying the prosecution

of the case president calvin coolidge commuted the sentence in november 1927 and reported from other countries. the posthumous pardon now filed seeks to exonerate him from this conviction with efforts to fully clear garvey, and certain on the part of the u.s. congress, civil society organization, city, state and national groups, more than 90 years after imposition of this injustice it is time to pardon marcus garvey and the true nature of his legacy i implore all decision-makers to recognize the urgent need to address this matter in a posthumous presidential pardon. the andrew young foundation. it gives me great pleasure to

bring to the podium the chair of the american political action committee, goulda downer, a recipient of the 2013 congressional black caucus brain trust leadership and advocacy award among many other awards and the work has helped strengthen hiv clinical workforce, so let's bring goulda downer to the podium chair, political action committee. [applause] >> i do not want to make anything, today we honor the life and legacy of marcus garvey who devoted his life to struggle, for sacrifices we

still acknowledge today. and for this region, on behalf of millions in caribbean dissent, we stand in unity and full support for the right honorable marcus messiah garvey, the first from jamaica as well as the first leaders of the civil rights movement and his family. by extension people of the caribbean, seek to restore his good name through posthumous presidential pardon. a champion for social justice, human rights and human dignity reminded us dulled under the pressure of torture, he helped rekindle knowledge of individual and selective humanity. as a race of power and genius,

wishing and hoping to pave the way. his drive for economic empowerment was self-actualization and rekindled and it was remarkable. brave enough to struggle, he worked tirelessly and was able to bring a vision of confidence to life. as a child growing up in jamaica i heard the name of marcus garvey. it was synonymous with self-determination and my right to be here. we were told about him in kindergarten, read and studied about him in high school and as i became an adult, my level of consciousness with heightened further as i realized the struggle for my own journey. he had a vision in the worst of times, a vision for not only african-americans but in the

caribbean and the world over who were marginalized and vulnerable. the pride you see in our educators, students, politicians, athletes, like bob marley or maurice bishop, shelley fraser identifies what we are talking to. black pride. as my math teacher used to say, she would say up, up, you might he race, your own accomplishments, what you are. up, up, you mighty race, you can accomplish what you wish and went as bold as ever. those words came to me. it confirmed regardless of our station in life, even as children, if we took pride in our work and added the discipline of study, mostly we

were. we packed those challenging exams on success stories and sometimes when we wavered our english teacher would remind us everyone in our class was destined for greatness. she would tell us again, people without knowledge of past history, and culture, is like a tree. then, as marcus garvey said, she would say you are deep rooted, marcus made so so we believed. on his birthday, influenced by his work that continued to live on in us, all of us, we would be pleased to issue a posthumous pardon to a man. [applause]

>> very good. >> thank you so very much, goulda downer. i will now ring to the podium melvin foote, the president and ceo of constituency for africa. he will tell you his specific relation to this issue and the honorable marcus garvey. >> good afternoon. really great to be here. great to see you, we miss you. we really miss you a lot. it is a real honor for me to be here. i'm surprised to be here. doctor julius garvey is one of my closest friends. when i first that he said he was a friend of marcus garvey. i thought that was 200 years ago. it is true.

did the math and said this is interesting but i want to wish the honorable marcus garvey a happy 100th birthday. we should all celebrate this. i represent a constituency for africa. as the name might imply we build public and private support for africa and the united states. i have been working on africa my whole career, more than 40 years, work for many years on my own organization which turned 25 last year but we are working to build a base of support for africa and the united states, one of my closest supporters came to several meetings and i was shocked to see her, gave me a bigger award, and international terms award so i missed it. let me say this.

we are an african driven organization. we don't think about agonizing, we think about organizing. my first impulse is what are we going to do about it? i don't -- i read a lot of the book but when i see something, doctor garvey and i have traveled quite a bit. if you want to know about marcus garvey, go to trinidad. we were their two years ago and the whole place turned out for him. the honorable marcus garvey. two months ago we went to south africa and namibia. the whole place turned out for marcus garvey. many of us don't know. many of us have forgotten. the rest of the black world knows and admires marcus garvey. for me, julius garvey said we want to get this done. can you organize washington? i got to get ready for my own conference. everybody laced up and what are

you putting -- so i want to say when i came here, what this is really about, what we are talking about, don't agonize, organize moving forward. i am going to help get this pardon done. it is a matter of i don't know why it hasn't gotten done. barack obama would certainly endorse what we are talking about today. maybe we have not pushed the right buttons, got to save the world and donald trump from taking over and all the things he would do in the course of a day but i know his heart and spirit, so it is a matter of how to go about positioning it. it is if it doesn't happens this year, it happens next year, it is going to happen. when i look at american history,

elizabeth wilkerson's book, half and half has not been told, where we are in this country i am not surprised if marcus garvey, what he did, i am not surprised they locked him up, pushed him out of the country, not surprised because he was organizing black people and i am convinced if marcus garvey was allowed today his part would have been done. no one in our business who could organize like marcus garvey could organize. that is part of the problem. we don't have the organizing capacity marcus garvey represented. i am convinced of that. this is a great day. to outline the issue, i commit myself to do what i can and if we could do it before obama

leaves office, that would be great but if we have to do it after he leaves office we can do it. it is not a matter of if, it is a matter of when. thank you for giving me this opportunity. [applause] >> thank you so very much, so very many people who wanted to be here and express their support, one of which is doctor ron daniels of the 21st century in costa rica at the annual marcus garvey celebration all over the world and just before we bring up the bloodline of the honorable marcus garvey, support by congressman john conyers. i am honored to prevent this statement in support of the

posthumous petition filed on behalf of marcus garvey by his youngest son doctor julius garvey. the events surrounding mister garvey's conviction a documented and provide part of the legal brief and exhibit committed to the office of the attorney on june 27, 2016. in sum, marcus garvey was the leader of the largest african american civil rights movement, heralded as a hero by -- he has had streets named after him from new york to london and other places throughout the world, had a hall named after him at the main washington dc headquarters, and the image imprinted on the $20 coin in jamaica but as a result of the conviction in 1923, deportation from the united states in 1927 he is

still seen as a criminal much to the chagrin of his family and worldwide community. in 1987 we held a congressional hearing in which historians testified to the overwhelming evidence proving mister garvey was innocent of charges and his conviction was a politically motivated effort to delegitimize the african-american freedom struggle of which he was at that stage the preeminent leader. along with many others i urge president barack obama to consider a posthumous pardon, posthumous simply means after death for those who heard different pronunciations of the term. posthumous pardon for marcus garvey. presidents issued posthumous pardons for prominent americans were and are admired by the minority communities and convicted in a different climate that was more harsh.

i look forward to doing everything i can to help make the exoneration of marcus garvey a reality. the honorable congressman john conyers junior. with that it gives me great honor at this historic and efficient occasion to bring forth the youngest son of marcus garvey, doctor julius garvey, who i think was only about 7 years old when his father died. he spent most of his childhood in jamaica, received medical degree, came to the united states, important that people know he is an esteemed surgeon, vascular and cardiac surgeon, his decision to become a doctor, the ideal of his family. it is important to know, the achievement of this great man

who is the son of a great and mighty man. not only for his father, the movement with which his father was a key part. doctor julius garvey. [applause] >> thank you so much. thank you so much, everyone for the turnout. thank you, panel, for covering the topic so well, there really isn't much for me to say. i will put the icing on the cake but not make a major speech.

i had to grow up with the fact that my father was a convicted criminal. convicted in the united states of america. which is the biggest and strongest country in the world. and both of its exceptionalism and areas of democracy and justice, it was very difficult for me as a young man to reconcile what i knew about my father personally, what i knew about my father from my mother, who was his right-hand man so to speak, to reconcile that with a criminal conviction, when it was

clear that he gave his life and sacrificed his family for african people worldwide. as he said then, 400 million african people. now we would say one.2 billion african people, the largest -- third-largest number of people in the world. china, india and us africans. from a geopolitical perspective africa is the richest continent in the world. our human resources are of great significance, but what has kept us back has been primarily

european invasion and exploitation. i don't have to enumerate that to you because it is very well-known. the point is it continues despite the guise of equality, despite the guys of integration, despite the guise of the first black president, despite the guise of a post-racial, i think we can draw a straight line over 100 years from when my father came to this country, young black men are still being shot in the streets in this post-racial era, the largest and most powerful democracy in the

world. i think there is a lesson here to be learned. i don't think we need dialogue. president clinton had a racial dialogue to try to solve the problems. that was just talk and talk and nothing really materialized. i think what the black lives matter movement is showing is young black children are tired, tired of racism, tired of poor education, tired of lack of skills, tired of living in a society that marginalizes them and restricts their

opportunities as human beings. that is the way it was when julius garvey came to america. what lesson do we learn that, 100 years after marcus garvey, after this philosophy of marcus garvey, organizational skills of marcus garvey to bring together as a people. my father said people without knowledge of their origins, culture and history is like a tree without roots. that is one of our problems, we do not know our origins and history and culture. that was the process of making us slaves. we did not come as slaves, we were made into slaves of the process continues in terms of our education and it continues,

young men in the street don't know history, don't know where they came from. everyone stands on the shoulders of those who have gone before. there would be no black president if not for the civil rights movement. if not for brother malcolm or martin luther king and my father. many of you know the names. the civil rights movement started with marcus garvey as acknowledged by brother martin luther king. the president stands on that foundation. in england, proclaimed

garveyite, told about the negro world, arriving in kenya, and would stand around and listen while they read from the newspapers the negro world, memorized an article and ran into the villages to repeat the story. that fueled nationalism, gave rise to the kenyan nation. if there was no kenyan nation created by the father, the burning spear, there could have been no kenyan national who came to the united states as a study. you here where i am coming from? we stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before. this is a teaching moment, very

intelligent, there is a lot on the plate, but the moment when decisions have to be made. directions have to be changed. systems have to be reevaluated, not just words, it demands action. that is why we are here today. it is the right time to join the dots between 1916 and 2016 because the system has not changed in order to give the black boy and the black girl dignity and their place in american society. so we think the time is now to exonerate marcus garvey by a presidential posthumous pardon and that is why we are here. thank you. [applause]

>> just before i open it up for q and a i thank all the panelists for your extraordinary presentations, associate professor of african diaspora, with the legal team put together the petition filed along with attorney anthony pierce who is managing director in washington obsess, we open up for q and a, questions for the law firm directed to them. and the oldest daughter of attallah shabazz, goulda downer,

chair of the political action committee, and in africa, doctor julius garvey, representative of the family and descendent of marcus garvey. i am nkechi taifa, director of the society foundation. and the coalition, and with that, questions and answers, or capture it on tape. please introduce yourself? >> my name is barbara simmons of the national education, i want to know whether the next step

for strategic plan next. >> i would like to address that. >> thank you from liberia. and the department of justice and white house, legally there are no steps, and what we are looking for from supporters, to begin letter writing campaign, more information to express support from the nation of liberia, and the individual capacity, and desperately in support of this measure, no steps that need to be taken

besides community support and outreach. >> i ask kweisi mfume if there are any remarks to make. >> i was trying to hide out back here, didn't work. it is an honor, thousands of people you will never meet who have been touched by your dad, feel a sense of kinship and this movement. and trying to be deliberately redundant to add more icing, i grew up in this country, segregated society. didn't know what it was like.

and the ground decision. i will be 68 years old and a couple months, a commemoration -- but attallah shabazz contacted me and was trying to give me a sense how this would unfold, i needed to be here. others have done an excellent job underscoring illegality of what has taken place. we all know j edgar hoover was a monster, no other way to put it. these trumps of charges against doctor garvey and others represent a long line, deliver it behavior. and take away the credit in

nation's history, particularly the 1990s to bring a sense of liberation. and as part of the congressional hearing we had to bring attention to this to commemorate doctor garvey's birthday by pledging, and the links connected to communities and do everything they can to get this done. a good point was made, there is not much more that can be done. this is a battle that moves to the court of public opinion. whether it is black lives movement or both political parties. and professional organizations to get on board in a massive

way, and the court of public opinion, in a case to be resolved. there is a time and place for all things. and i'm glad to be part of it. >> thank you very much. >> this -- my cup overflows. on behalf of una, the national organization, want to thank everybody for coming, it is the dream team. and support of the honorable marcus garvey, i can say with this team and the support of

everyone we can get it done this time. marcus garvey can be pardoned, president obama can pardon the turkey, something is wrong with this country. a lot of people could be pardoned, people falsely arrested for drug crimes, or given justice or reduced sentences but in the same light we can show some justice, delayed may it be for marcus garvey. what you are doing is an extension of his initial petition for a pardon. he made it a point that if he were to die, it is clear his family would continue the good fight until it was done. i'm glad to see at julius garvey's mature age still fighting, he has been fighting for decades, we should give a round of applause as long as he

has and will continue to fight. two quick questions, very quick. if someone could give it. has anyone contacted, get the support of eric holder attorney general for the us but i wonder what your opinion might be of galvanized support. if you thought the naacp is willing to support the cause, whether the naacp, and whether in this day and age would support in your opinion? that is my opinion. >> i would like to respond.

okay. the ball is in the court of public opinion and i see no reason the naacp would not go forward. >> i am a member of the national press club but also on the dc host committee for the national museum of african-american history and culture. and i came from their meeting today. i thought i grew up with this too. marcus garvey was like a great savior was here in town. like martin luther king was going to be here and malcolm x, these -- for all of us -- what i

am -- this museum hopefully is going to have an impact for all of us to learn more about african-american history and it is coming up very soon. i don't know where you all live. melvin foote is here and others. the work i am doing is with the embassies because we have more embassies than anyone in the world, 180 plus and the history of the embassies in connection to african-american history and one of them, people put this on their calendar. at howard university the new ambassador of trinidad and tobago is hosting a big concert that will be on the 24th, happens to be the same day as the official opening of the new museum. there will be watch parties all over the united states here and locally but for those of us that

are here, i want to extend an invitation to this concert, see me afterwards but i don't know if there is something being done with marcus garvey at the museum, if there is history, memorabilia. >> i have none. >> he needs to be -- i bring that out because it is so timely that you are here today and we are talking about the first, the last smithsonian museum and came together on african-american history. and in terms of what you are doing, he -- time on this

committee. >> thank you very much. i would like to acknowledge a lecturer at howard university who teaches philosophy and opinions of marcus garvey to young people, very brief. >> thank you for this important panel, thank you for spearheading this and thank you for your important work going through legal channels. julius garvey mentioned we stand on the shoulders of what marcus garvey started and this notion of a black president or black leader signaling progress comes from the energy of marcus garvey. i applaud this effort, as much as i have doubts about obama heating it but because doctor julius garvey says we should do what i will do it for that strong reason and also because i study right now amy ashguard and tony martin, wrote very

definitive work on her and her important influence in making the association that requires not only male presidents but female presidents. my question, regarding the obama administration did reply to this issue last year and said the time had expired. i wonder if justin can respond to this. how do we, in light of knowing the obama administration, was 2015 a few years earlier said the time had expired. if that legal argument comes up how will you respond? >> the good news is our time is not expired. what happened in 2011 is another attorney who is not connected to the family got a response from a

former pardon attorney saying there was no opportunity for a pardon at that time. that former pardon attorney, is no longer in office, that application did not come from the family and the pardon is not a legal document where time expires. that was incorrect, the information you received and the discretion to issue a pardon. the past two presidents issued posthumous pardons, in the hundreds going back to george washington. pardon usually come to the end of the president's term, so in actuality, was right on time. this is usually the time the pardons take place. >> right on time. right here.

>> my name is jamaal, a reporter with diverse issues, failed -- the state, originally from milwaukee, one of the stories i wrote was based on research, residents of malcolm x to find a house, located in a place where a highway was cleared and the black community to make way for the highway. that is a little history, and we are in the news right now. and brief and to the point, a simple question, is there a hashtag associated with this effort? and if not maybe there might be some suggestions. the other one, has there been an effort to get the president on the record when the cameras are rolling to respond to this, if he is the one who has to make

the decision it would be interesting to see what his response is or something considered inappropriate or go through legal channels and let the decision be with this. >> there is a hashtag justice4garvey, hashtag justice4garvey. anyone want to respond? >> stunned by the lack of knowledge about this across the spectrum. i personally think nothing is impossible. eric holder is not impossible. the challenge is how to organize, who is on the advisory committee, and part of the problem is most of the people

are intellectuals who really do read books and write great stuff but not the people who get organized. the organizing question more than anything else. >> we will take two more questions, we have one here and i will take the other one. >> i am lenore atkins and i was wondering if there are any other benefits to being exonerated besides clearing the record and i wonder about the state of black relations in the us now. >> i alluded to that by drying a straight line -- i think the extra benefit is to legitimize the person and ideology, coming out of the closet you don't have

to whisper. there is a difference and a lot of people because of the stigma, so many people, my father was in the organization, my uncle, i grew up with in the organization, and it is not quite proper within american society, even caribbean society, there is still something subversive about the idea of garvey. that is the byproduct, we will be going on the campaign to spread the word again 100 years later of what garvey stood for. and mentioning the hashtag. and it is a grassroots movement what everyone mentioned out

there, we need organizations. and get up standards for our rights. we are going very public and asking support from all africans. >> along with the hashtag and phrases and logos, we get the facts after that straight so that passion doesn't distort the story, that is what happens. i live with it. the wrong attention attached to the quote. let's be clear, where do we go with that paragraph? how do we restate a research who garvey is? you can have the hashtag the

same and then what? you need to be clear about the language, why is the validity to make the connection between 100 years and who we are now and so forth and so on. >> i think that is a brilliant point, to ask -- what would other black leaders in the 1920s ask at this moment. or the renaissance for the poets or the visionaries, and positive movement involved as well in the artists speak creatively on issues of politics and that is another critical element. everyone has to play a role, everybody has something really

important. the time of the statement is a moment of raw violence called race wars. we are in a similar moment. from that perspective, my life is like a movie, the artist has an amazing way of captivating ideas in small, creative ways galvanizing the movement. >> this will be our final question. >> this has been an awesome experience and we all walk away from the awesome experience, we are on the website, where can we get additional education to

continue to fast forward and make sure we have facts and facts are correct. maybe there is a way we can stay connected. >> we have a meeting again and i will respond to that. >> i want to be clear on when briefs were filed with the white house and the justice department. >> june 25th is when it was filed with the justice department, and the brief was on 27 july. ..

>> 3:00, so to vat jiz strategize on the next steps. >> what was the question? yes, what are the next steps. so thank you so very much for coming out to this press conference a knownsing the historic filing of the petition for the exoneration through