we like to believe it is totally different here. it is different not totally different. this has given my conservatism a grittier, more solid foundation. thank you for your attention. see the movie. it is -- the fate of a movie depends on how it does in the opening couple weeks. if it does well in the beginning it spreads out. people say how do i get the movie seen by independents, go see it this week or this coming weekend, you are putting fuel into our rocket. you should use your influence which most of us use the actual influence. you say i only have 300 friends on facebook but they have 300 friends on facebook. you are like a little publisher and if you use your influence to get information out, you are able to change the way people

think. the beauty of a movie if you watch a movie in 90 minutes it changes you a little on the inside. movies have the power to do that and books have the power to change minds by providing information and information in our era is power. i urge you to be not apathetic but very dangerous americans and go out there and change society. and help save your country, help save your country, thank you very much. [applause] >> you are watching booktv on c-span2, television for serious readers. here is a look at our primetime

lineup tonight following live coverage of the national book festival. we kick off at 9:00 pm eastern time with lawrence ludlow discussing similarities between the economic policies of the jfk and reagan administration. that all happens tonight on booktv. >> after the spread of the cotton gin in an 1790s the international cotton trade

exploded. the us exported millions of pounds of cotton, exported to billion pounds by 1860. cotton represented 60% of what the us was exporting to the world and 40% what was going out of new york harbor. it is a huge deal. the next biggest commodity was tobacco, less than 10% so cotton threads tied new york and the south together in a long codependent relationship. the cotton south, plantation south in new york city grew up together. the explosive growth of the cotton plantation straight across the south was largely funded by new york banks, you came to new york for your funding. new york merchants supplied the planters with everything from the pianos in their parlors to their plowshares to the clothes they put on their slaves. new york not only shipped a

significant portion of cotton but new york harbor is where those ships came back filled with european goods. that made new york important to washington dc or washington city as people called it then. it had a big impact on the federal government because large portions of its revenues in new york harbor, there was a period where the entire federal government was in the customs house in new york city. wasn't just the bankers and shipping magnets who profited from cotton in new york city, thousands of workers were directly or indirectly benefiting from cotton. dock workers obviously but also people in shops, people who work in hotels and gambling houses in brussels where lots of plantation owners came up in the summer to treat new york city as their home away from home in summer months.

everybody in various ways was dependent on the cotton trade which means they saw it in their best interests to maintain the plantation system and slavery. new york workers also feared if the 404 million people enslaved in the south were suddenly set free they would come north and take their jobs away. the big irony there is 12,000 free blacks in new york city, the exact opposite was going on. there wasn't really going to be a problem with white guys fighting for their jobs. because of cotton and those ties, enormous economic tie to the cotton south the majority of new yorkers were pro-south and anti-abolition. they were what people called

copperheads, northerners who were sympathetic to the south. it is worth mentioning new york was a major northern hub of the trans-atlantic slave trade with a direct effect on slavery because slaves are not being brought into the united states by that point but there was a huge international transplant taking place and shipped out of new york were taking people up in africa and taking them to be slaves in cuba and brazil and places like that which congress declared this piracy which was a hanging offense as early as 1820 and everybody -- it was an open secret that new yorkers were investing in slave ships and profits were enormous, many slave ships were fitted out in new york harbor and sailed out of new york harbor under the eye of the harbormaster's, if they were caught the slave ship captains, which didn't happen very often. the u.s. navy was like a dozen ships and the atlantic is pretty

big, but if a slave ship captain got caught which was not very often and brought back to new york for trial it was very rare for him to get convicted. more than half the time they never made it to the trial, judges and juries were notoriously lenient with them. if convicted and sentenced to anything it would be something like two months or four months in jail as opposed to being hung. in the whole long history of new york at involvement in the trans-atlantic slave trade only one slave ship captain was ever hanged for and that was because he had the bad luck to get caught after lincoln was in the white house and the civil war had started. politics had shifted. >> you can watch this and other programs online at tv.org. >> here is a preview of new books being published this fall.

in october supreme court justice ruth bader ginsburg releases her memoir.

look for these titles in bookstores in coming weeks and months and watch for the authors on booktv. >> booktv on c-span2, 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors every weekend. today at noon eastern booktv will be live from the 16th annual library of congress national book festival, the washington convention center of the nation's capital, program includes author interviews and taking your calls live. notable authors for the call in sick would include bob woodward for the last of the president's

men, congressman john lewis and his book march book 3, ken burns, author of grover cleveland again, treasury of american presidents, and interviews with featured authors, lafayette and the somewhat united states. candace miller, author of hero of the empire, a daring escape and the making of winston churchill, john meacham with destiny and power, the american odyssey of george herbert walker bush. black flag, the rise of isis and stacy ship with salem 1692. join us live this weekend from the 16th annual library of congress national book festival. get the complete weekend schedule that booktv.org. a loo bestsellers according to the washington post.

our look at best-selling nonfiction books according to the washington post continues with -- that is look at current bestsellers according to the washington post. and watch them on the website at

booktv.org. >> and there it is. [inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon. i had a feeling this would be a good event at 4:00 in the afternoon on monday. a lot of people would turn out. i am bradley graham, co-owner of politics and prose. on behalf of staff, thanks for coming, now would be a good time to turn off your cell phones. when we get to the