a report that showed that 2016, biobased chemicals contributed $393 billion and 4.2 billion jobs to the u.s. economy. held at the national press club, this is an hour. >> tom vilsack, a pittsburgh nature and former governor of iowa is the only original member of president barack obama's cabinet still serving inned a michigan and has not finance quiet about either food or politics. he ran for the white house and was considered by hillary clinton as a potential running mate by hillary clinton. he campaigned for hillary clinton in iowa. this year, appearing on nbc's "meet the press" he compared donald trump to bernie madoff. the sect secretary has been

mentioned as a possible chief of staff. at the usda he has a vast port puerto portfolio. this anti-opioid efforts are generated flo. his open childhood. adopted as an orphan he hossson of his mother's struggle with alcoholism. he also leads u.s. sda's efforts to open cuba to american agriculture experts and has actively encouraged the development of biofuels benefit check development in small towns. he is an active support are othe traps pacific -- transpacific partner ship. he seeings withouting this deal the u.s. farmer ared a a competitive disadvantage against

china. please give a warm welcome to secretary vilsack. >> thank you very much. i appreciate the opportunity to return to the press club. always a opportunity and privilege to be here representing the department of agriculture and the obama administration. want to make sure i'm clear about this because my colleague all wants to remind he, too, is still part of the obama administration and started out as the hud secretary and is now the lone director. i want into ilk u specifically mention three people at the head table. i want to point out -- good to see my good friend, krista harden, doing a great job at dupont and did a great job at the department of agriculture in a variety of capacities. she was professional relations, me chief of staff, the deputy.

did fab job and good -- fabulous job and go to see here. also robert johnson who represents farmers. rog and the national farmers union hayes been incredibly incredibly support at the, and emily, a tremendous partner with news the promotion of ethanol and biofuels, offends to be a strong advocate for growth and development in rural communities. so i'm here today to talk about the buyey based economy and -- biobased in the and the economic impact we're publishing of the industry. this is the second such study we have published in concert with the duke center for sustainability and commerce, and the supply chain cooperative at north carolina university. last year, we announced that this industry had a

$369 billion impact on our economy. helping to support nearly 4 million jobs through the united states. this is an industry that is also about energy production, and fuel production, but much more than that. it's about chemicals. it's about plastics. it's about fabrics and textiles. it's about cleaning supplies sud lubricants, inlayings and packaging materials. certainly touched every aspect of our economy. this report suggested it's a continued growing and growth industry for the united states. the report reflects a $24 billion increase in payment act the biobased economy is having on the overall u.s. economy. now a $393 billion. it's supporting over 200,000 more jobs than last year, at 4.2 million. and this is an industry that helped move the unemployment in

rural america down from the high of 60% to less than 6% for their first time in approximately ten years. it's also the industry that is happening to reverse the job loss that we saw in rural america during the great recession. and we're now for the first time in while beginning to see job growth. it's also one of to reasons we're beginning to sigh stability to rural population no longer declining, and a poverty rate reduction. so it's a significant aspect of the rural economy and one that i think has tremendous opportunities to continue to grow. it's also an industry that is bet for the environment. it's interesting to me that in the ten years of the rue kneable fuel standard we have seen a remarkable reduction of emissions. equivalent to take 124 million cars off the road. so you're interested in rural development, interested in a strong american economy, interested in greater energy independence, interested in a cleaner environment, then you need to be interested the

biobased economy. some it is one of four we refer to as pillars at usda. to rebuild and reshape and revitalize the rural economy. production agriculture and exports, the tub to expand local and regional food systems, conservation, not just for the sake of conservation but also as an investment opportunity for regulated industries to satisfy the regulatory responsibilities, and manufacturing returning to rural america. we have taken an integrated and coordinated approach in obama administration to the promotion of the industry. as part of the white house rural counsel the department of energy and department of navy came together with the department of agriculture to address the need for our navy to expand and diversify its energy sources. in the past, when the pacific athlete -- pacific fleet was doing exercises in pacific theater they would rely on energy supplies and fuel supplies that came from the

middle east. through the strait of hormuz. today we're beginning to expand an opportunity for domestically produced bileow fuels to fuel our jets and planes and our ships, to be able to allow for greater independence, greater flexibility, protecting the brave men and women who serve us in uniform. this was a result of tremendous cooperation between the energy department and the navy to create a drop in aviation fuel industry one that did not exist just a few years ago. we have recently invested in a bioprocessing facility that's taking landfill waste, agriculture waste and turning into into aviation fuel, a fuel that is of interest the navy and commercial aviation interests. we have know anythings from lax this year utilizing a blended biofuel, and alaskan airlines indicated by 2020 they're fully committed to utilize is biofuels.

this is anton for us to create a new industry for the united states. and this administration has taken a comprehensive approach so support thing industry. all too often the conversation in this town has been about the rfs. as important at that is, there are other components to support. for example, we have really focused at usda on feedsymptom symptom development. on moving away from relines on corporation-based fuels to opening up a wide variety of new opportunities. we have work, for example, with nearly a thousand growers across the country under the bioassistance program. to essentially pay those farmers to produce alternative energy crops on roughly 48,000 acres women have made sure they understand that with are going to put the full force of usda behind the effort by focusing on risk management tools allow them of the same crop insurance protection that the commodity

crops have. we have invested over 300 minimum in feed stock look the egenome research. it's one of the reasons why we have seening nothing production facilities become far more efficient, using far less energy and producing for a more energy westerly put feed stock reddy in tool so folks to determine what kind of feed stock makes the most sense. municipal waste, agricultural wist waste, whatever it might be. we work with over 400 companies invest $300 million in 47 states to encourage an expansion of the industry to include energy and fuel production as well as chemicals and textiles, as i said earlier. we have able to have these 400 companies produce 8.6 billion-gallon's of fuel and been automobile to produce as part of the process

63 billion-kilowatt hours of -- this is an exciting part of our economy and part of the clean energy economy that with are now growing and developing in the country. we're also looking at major projects, large-scale projects we financed six major processing facilities since i've been secretary, about $844 million of loan guarantees have been established. and we have also work not just with agriculture crops we have looked at the opportunities that biomass has for the development and creation of fuels and products. we helped to fund over 230 wood to energy projectness the western part of the united states. we're looking for expanded marks, in addition to creating more creative and innovative feed stocks, locking at ways to process the feed stocks more efficiently and effectively. large scale processing facilities and also looking where we can sell these products

exports. we hey had the second best year of agriculture export's bileow fuel in the country in 2011 we reached the number one year. so we have seen an expansion of exports. we have worked for their commercial aviation industry with a goal of producing 1 billion of commercial aviation fuel friday the near future. we invest evidence almost a bill and a half dollars in 12,000 businesses across the united states that are producing these new products from bio-based, plant-based materials. we've worked with our commercial aviation industry and even looked at the purchasing power of the federal government. the ability of our purchasing power as the federalling a through the buyey preferred program we have hide 15,000 products that are in a catalogue that agencies purchase that biobased we've seen a tremendous replacement as a result of these purchases of nearly 6.8 million-barrels of oil that

otherwise would have gone into products we would have there traditionally purchasedded and we want the american consumer to be ingaminged in the activity as well. we developed a buyey based labeling program. it started out very small. a couple hundred items labeled. and now consumers have opportunities in access to roughly 2700 products that they can purchase off the shelf. they see the usda buyey based label. it tells them this is something that is supporting rural america. it's important for us to put this in the context of why all of this is important. in addition to the clean energy aspect of this, in addition to the job creation opportunities, this is really about taking the natural resource advantage at that time we have in rural america and expanding its capacity. for far too long we relied simply on production agriculture and exports to support the rural economy. we became more efficient in our farming practices. incredibly more efficient.

in my lifetime we have seen 170% increase in agricultural production. on 26% less land and 22% fewer farmers. the challenge was our done trip didn't ask the question as we were becoming more efficient in production of agriculture, with what are re going to do if 22 million families no longer farmer, creating opportunities for them to stay in their small community and rurallary,cracy job opportunities for their children and grandchildren. this administration is asking that question and has put together a comprehensive effort. based on the four pillars to create multiple opportunities, seizing and utilizing our natural resource advantage, the buyey based manufacturing -- bayey based manufacturing industry holds hope for the rural america because of the processing that needs to take place. the quantity of biomass we produce is almost up limited and there is a tremendous opportunity here because it's

not as if you have one refinery like you do with the oil industry that services a multitude of states. the size and bulk of biomass requires you have processing facilities every 75, 100, 150 miles so it's an opportunity in virtually multiple locations and every state that has rural counties, for us to bring manufacturing back, the able to construct, maintain, and operate these processing facilities can add 20-50, 100 jobs to a small town. it can have a rippling effect through the economy. that's why it was important for this administration to take holistic approach. looking not just at promoting ethanol as important as that is but expanding the honors, expanding the vision, understanding that we needed to do more research in feed stock, understanding that we needed to help small companies that were in these rural areas, helping to produce more of these byproducts

and coproducts. work only large-scale refineries to meet the need of the def department 0 half of all it fuel needs in the navy being met by biofuel. a tremendous opportunity. listening to the commercial aviation industry and thed in for biofuels in order to satisfy international air emission requirements the tub to help develop research as a variety of universities, looking at the natural resource advantage of each area of the united states. and allowing us to do an even better job of dealing with the changing climate that takes place and is changing the way in which agriculture is being approached and the ability to make we're constantly one step ahead of mother nature as we create new opportunities, expand on existing opportunities, in rural america. in every speech i give, i often point out the importance of rural america and i'll finish with this before questions.

rural america is the place where most of what we just consumed at this wonderful meal came from. by a lot of hard-working farm families. ruralmer is where most of the wetter we have another table here today was impacted and affected. rural america is probably responsible for the energy source of the lights on here and the electricity that is transmitting this speech throughout the country. rural america is the place that disproportionately sends sons and daughters into the military. roughly 15% america's population lives in rural america but nearly 35 to 40% of it military comes from rural america. rural america is also the place that has provided every person in this room and every person listening to this who is not a farmer, to make the decision in their life not to be a farmer. you see, we have either consciously or unconsciously delegated the responsibility of feeding ourselves and our family to countless number of people

across the united states. who work hard every day to put food on our secure. we are a feud secure nation which means we're capable of producing enough feet ourselfed wind chill dough hasn't of the depend on any other nation in the world to feed our people. hardly anybody in the world can say that. ' and when we walk out of the grocery store, all of us have at more money in our pocket as paper of under income than just about any place in the world because we spend 10% of our income on groceries and food. it's a tremendous gift that we get every single day from this place called rural america. so it's incumbent on us to make sure that we preserve opportunities and choice for young people who grow up in these small towns, on those farms to be able to live there if they choose or forking to the who have left to comp back, u.s. earlier today i had the opportunity to visit with six veterans of armed forces, representing every branch of the

armed forces. they have just begun working for the united states department of agriculture. one of 11,000 veterans we hired since i've been secretary. they came to us because they wanted to get close to their roots. they wanted to take advantage of what they learned in the military and give something back. it's an exciting new opportunity for these six individuals. we're opening up that opportunity by creating a more diverse rural economy so that we continue to have young people live, work and raise families in the rural communities so it can continue to contribute to the greatest and strongest nation on earth. that's why we celebrity this report today, because it is an indication that there is positive momentum in rural economy. there is a plan, strategy, and investments and opportunities. and i'm excited about that and this report to the extent we have seen significant growth in just one year, should hold out hope for all those who are concerned about the future of rural america. it's back.

and despite the fact we're dealing with low commodity prices i think the long-term future, the long-term prospects in rural america are very possesssive. i want to thank the mess club for giving me this discount glad to answer any questions you can read. >> thank you, mr. secretary. what kind of job training and education will be need to boost the biofuel appreciation and what is usda doing to help with that. >> one thing we continue to do is to innovate and create new ways to produce these biofuels and make them more efficiently produced. there's a tremendous amount of entrepreneurship in this industry and i would say that the main source of training is in our community college system. the ability of a community

college to take a look at these new bioprocessing facilities located in their community and asking those who will be owningg and operating these facilities what kind of workers do you node and also will put a tremendous premium on those who can construct, those who can weld, those who can put structures together itch was in a small facility, a welding facility, in lee county, iowa, not long ago, seeing an expanding small business that interestingly enough had just opened up its new sew energy system that is evenly going to reviews the overall operating costs and very proud of the fact they were innovative. their workers to connected to biobased economy. basically tied very critically to community college system. well community colleges and universities through a variety of ways. we have loan and grant programs going to help equip those

schools, and of course, mose of our research is funneled through our land grant university system. so in a way we are helping to create the innovative approaches that will require a new work force, and once we send that signal to the marketplace, then the marketplace sends the signal to the community colleges, we need more welders and more folks and understand how to operate one of these bioprocessing facilities and how to repair the facility. and there are a tremendous amount of technology and computer technology that is required so obviously i. t. is also incredit my important and why it's important for the usda to vein vest in broadband -- invest in broadband.

>> american consumers benefited from buyey fuels. there are a variety of studies, depending on the press of oil at any point in time but the lowe's savings 25 cents a physical on the -- a gallon on the gallon 'er purchasing and when gas prices are high it can be as much as a dollar a gallon. it's reducing reliance on foreign oil which has both direct and indirect costs. it has become far more efficient, i think part of the challenge with the industry is that many of those who have concerns about it are basing to the concerns on research that was done or on studies concluded decades ago. this is a much more efficient, innovative industry than it has been. there's constant efforts to improve the efficiency, and one of the great things about this industry issue it's not just the fuel, it's also the byproducts

whether the united states feed supplement or other crowe e coproducts. you see facilities providing co2 to a brewery. so microbrewery. so tremendous synergies that occur with an industry like this in a bioprocessing facility and as we learn now how to convert biomass into agency, mass sticks, everything in an economy, can be plant--based and reduce our reliance' balance oar reliance on fossil fuels and the impact that has. it's very competitive with gas and resultness savings at the pump. >> thing a curl industry, grateful for the usdas support of the economy but is -- is not low carbon and should be regulated the same as fossil fuels. >> i think part of the challenge on a emerging industry, an industry that has decade or two

of hoyt as opposed to one that's got a longer history,er is that we have to constantly reeducation and constant i educate folks about a advancements being made. we're looking forward in the next to month or two to putting out a study of land use in terms of biofuel production if. it's going to surprise people in terms of the efficiencies that have occurred in industry and i think it's part of our effort to do our job, which is to make sure that regulators and decisionmakers both at the state and federal level, are aware of the most up to date research and most up to date information elf did a search recently that compiled all of the new research that fifths a much better picture and establishes there is significantly more energy produced, for example, with a physical ofethanol than in the

past and is more efficient than a barrel of oil. >> the airline industry is a large user of fuel. can biofuels be used for commercial aircraft? if not, there is ways to adjust that so they can be used. >> not only can they, they are. that why i mention the fact that the equivalent another 12,500 flighted from los angeles are fueled on blended biofuel. alaska airlined making the commitment. here's the challenge. this industry was introduced as an industry that was going to allow your car and truck to utilize the biofuel. part of the challenge is to make sure that you have that fuel availability. we're now in process of trying to encourage the industry to expand access to higher meants of ethanol. many consumerred have cared that can take higher blends, they can take up 85 parts%. the challenge is to make sure we distribute life and' have the distribution system that will

allow a consumer constant recentlily ease live get the higher brand. that's why we hunt 1 'million decide in an tester expand pledder pumps throughout the united states, 21 states, including texas, which was a very afreshsive user of the program -- aggressive user of the program. matched our 100 million with 112 million decide of commitments. to expand roughly 5,000 new discrimination -- distributions. the but of aviation, 40 parts of the airports use half of the fuel. so the long-term opportunities for their industry will be complementing what we're doing for cars and trucks and coin to expand higher blends and also understand and pretor the i amazing opportunity we have on the commercial if a side and the defense department side. the combination of those twoing whichs suggest the future is

bright for the city. >> i wonder if you permanently or use my form or vehicle that uses a higher blend of biofuel? >> well, the car that i -- the federal government provides to me is a flexible fuel vehicle and consumes a lot of ethanol. my personal cars, one its nine years old and wisp ten years old. one is a hybrid. the other is a flexible fuel vehicle. so we consume ethanol in both of our personal vehicles. >> you want to him that name the them? >> a mercury mariner no longer in product and a ford fusion, think. the car my wife drives. >> the question from the friends of in national farmers union. they said they appreciate the work you have done in building blocks of climate smart agriculture and wonder what they can do to help the next administration, whoever its

leading it maximize farmer contributions. >> the farmers stepped up at a very specific way before the president went to paris to negotiate the paris climate agreement. the ability of american agriculture to step forward and say we think we can, using usda programs can double the rate of emission production which will allow the president more latitude in making commitment of 26 to 28% reduction based on the 2005 bailline and we have identified 10 building blocks, everything from better soil haven't to recover crops, better irrigation systems, rotational grazing with livestock, opportunities to use wood producting more effectively. the ability of renewable energy to be expanded. 10 building block where we have measurements eve-year that american agriculture can meet. the building blocks are baked into the american commitment at paris and are going to contribute up to 2 part of the

overall reduction amount -- 2% of the overall reduction amount of the 26%. so pairly significant commitment we made that empowered the president to go to china and india and say we in the u.s. are serious about this and you need to be serious about it. there's an amazing chart in most recent national igraphic that shows the impact of climate and greenhouse gas emissions and why it's important for the chinas and indias to get engaged in this in a meaningful way. we're doing our part in the u.s. but have to have international cooperation. so the fact that our farmers stepped up i think is a strong indicator of the commitment this country has made and i think -- in talking with farmers, we're equipping them through our climate hub efforts are our research efforts to be more adapting and more mitigating the consequences of climate. they're the ones on the 2014 lined. they see every single year the difference that climate and weather variability make in their production process. they now hey have do with

drought and floods floods and pd diseases that hang around longer. to say deal with this daily and i'm confident they will not just ask but demand that future administrations be very serious in helping them providing them the resources to do these building blocks so that at the end of the day, we can make our contribution. it's a'stive story for american agriculture. >> thank you. switching gears. some have called you the secretary of flyover country. how do you help rural america regain jobs and fight poverty, drug abuse and crime? >> well, those are in a sense the same question but in the same their different questions. let me try answer the economy question by somewhat reviewing what i just said. there are four strategies to rebuilding the rural question. that is -- they there's a natural resource base in rural economy. that's what we have.

and in the past we have been an extraction economy. extractioning our natural resources. third a meteorologist is creating a sustainability mod. le that can be replicated and doesn't extract but renews. so production agriculture and exports, we produce more than we need the is country so have an opportunity to expand job growth and create a supply chain that meet his export needs of the country. we have had eight best years of agricultural exports in hoyt the country in third administration and helped to support a million jobs in small towns and big cities but can't just be that. just can't be that. so the local regional food sim, we invested nearly 4,000 separate investments, near lay billion dollars in creating a supply chain for local and regional food systems. allowing producers to market directly to a consumer to they

can dictate they're own price and dependent on the chicago board of trade and can dictate their own price and we're seeing a great deal of growth. it went from $5 billion industry the time started as secretary to now $12 billion industry and projected to grow to $20 billion. so it's a multibillion dollar economy. we need to basically help them finance these conservation practices. and one way to do that it is by saying the regulated industries, o. corporations that have 0 social responsibility that is focused on conservation, coca-cola just recently announced they re-upped their commitment to reclaim all of the water that they use anywhere coca-cola products by committing to another 1 bill liters they're'll work with the usda through conservation programs, putting millions of dollars behind it. those millions of dollar that coca-cola lay putting into this

will go farmers and rankers and producers to expand significantly conservation opportunities. that creating an ecosystem market. water market, lab taft market, carbon markets. new opportunity for investment and then the biobased economy. many of the jobs are those rural, small town areas. and we're just going to continue to see a growth and development of that type of opportunity if we stick with it. and i'm confident, given the reassaults, given the fact we're seeing unemployment come down, given the fact that poverty is coming down, that we are better off in terms 0 up employment since 2007. and given the fact that this industry is creating new jobs, aphenomenal growth in just a year. based on this study. i would think it would be wise for future administrations to continue investing in these new opportunity. >> you have been in the point

man for the administration on opioids that hit rural areas hard. what can be done to stop the addiction, start agent hospitals and those who are addicted. >> starts with creating an economy so that young people in particular see that there tomorrow can be better than their today. that's really pretty simple prop signature. you think your tomorrower is not better you might be attempted to look for an escape. number one. up in two, on the opioid issue it is important and necessary for to start with prevention, by make sure that physicians and healthcare professionals in rural areas are fully aware of the ck dr. guidelines aware of the fda warning about the addictive nature of opioids and use opioids sparingly. the nature of work and life in rural areas leads one to have back problem shoulder problems because the work is physical so it is going to be important for

us to expand opportunity ford physical therapy as alternative opioidded. it's also incredibly important that those small town wes provide the resource to first responders, to police, to emts to be able to have access to reversible drugs so there is a tragic overdose circumstance, life can we saved. recently i talked to a company that has just recently received permission from the fda to use a nasal spray, nark narcan. it's a one-dotes thing and relatively inexpensive and they have actually been willing to provide every school in the country, free, one of these dose or two of this naar can do-na can. and we need to expand access to treatment.

mention was made of my mom's circumstance. my mom was a tremendous hero in my life because she decided after several suicide attempts, after splitting our family, after have something very violent activities, she decided to turn her life around but that is not enough. this is a disease. it's not a character flaw. it's not like if you just toughen up and exercise free will you can overcome an addiction you have to have help. just like if you're a cancer patient. or diabetes, you have to have help. the help isn't available in rural areas. of the overthousand behavioral service centers the united states that provide that help only 202-located in rural areas. that's president proposed increase in budget to provide the opportunity for us to expand treatment in thousands of different locations. thousands. and once you have the treatment,

then you have to make sure that you have the transition that allows people to gradually sort of reincorporate themselves back into society. so whenever it's supporting sober high schools, for example, if young people are having a difficult time with addiction, you don't put them right back immediately into the school that -- where the temptation is great. you create opportunities for them to get themselves strengthened. if you have someone going through a drug court, you basically don't put them back into the neighborhood where they came from. you give them transitional housing. you give them the opportunity to get some education and training so they're stronger. and then finally you have a criminal justice system that doesn't punish this, that understand that this is a health issue. this is a disease issue. and we need to understand that. we can't criminalize it. we can't jail our way out of this process. we have to create more support for mental health services in

the country, more support for substance abuse disorder services and last but not least, every single person in this audience,ary person listening to this has an opportunity of understanding this is a disease. it's not a character flaw. it's no different than any of the other diseases. if i told you that one of my children had cancer, your immediate reaction would be, that's so terrible. what can we do to help? why aren't we saying that same thing to a point who has a child dealing with addiction. we need. we need create zones and the ability of people to move forward, step forward, and in athat makes easier for them to acknowledge they have a problem. particularfully rural areas. rural folks, they're self-reliant. they're independent. they don't -- it's hard for them to say, a loved one or myself has a problem. we need to create more of a comfort for people to come forward and i think the faith-based community has a responsibility there. they need to exercise, which is why we're trying to marshal the

communities to have the conversations to create the meeting polices for aa. that was incredibly important for my mom. he had oh have someone she could call every day, and had to have an aa meeting to go to seven daves a week. that may not be possible in a rural community but you ought a to have one or two aa meeting or one or two sponsors you can call. so it's form frost a rural spiff -- rural -- we expand support services. >> the "washington post" reported that you went to president barack obama and offered to resign because you felt like you had done what you could possibly do but he asked you to head up the opioid crisis and fixing it. can you tell us about that conversation and why you stayed on. >> i think this was before krista left. i had such good people work at usda that all of the problem challenges, all of the issue we have and we have numerous of

them every single day -- were doing handled well by our team. not a much was coming to my desk. didn't have to make as many decisions because they were being made the right way and a career staff was really engaged, and so just wasn't as much to do. and i had had an experience with my grandson that made my stop and think about things. i was home in iowa one day, and early in morning and there was a knock on the door and thought it wass' contractors worken on the house and i it was my six-year-old grandson jake they live catty corper to where we live. said, what's up? he said, grand dadded was thinking about you wanted to know if you've could come out and play. you know, sounded really good i said, buddy, if have to work today. can't, but i said, does your mom

nor you're here? no. he said i just took the pathway that dad made. i said you bet gore home and tell your mom where you are. so as we're walking become he has his hand in my hand and he says, grand dad, you really old. bus you know everything. and i had that experience that the reality is that these jobs and -- we -- i'm not saying there is for me. i'm saying it for everybody who works in these jobs. it may seem glammous and may seem exciting and may seem like it's an incredible honor and all of that is true, but there is a sacrifice involved in this, especially if you're away from family. and you have to make sure that the sacrifice is balanced against your capacity and your ability to make things happen and for you to contribute to something positive.

the team at usda is incredible. there's incredible people. the bright young people that work at usda are remarkable group of people and the career people, my gosh, so dedicated. they didn't need me. and that was why i was trial to convey to president. he said, well, in essence, there's still work to be done. what about this? and privilegedded me a list of options, and the opioid issue was one that was important to him and the country and one that had personal sellingance to me so made sense for me to throw myself into that and i think we made advancement. we the new cdt guidelines and warning labels from the fda, and the drug available. grants going out to expand treatment to facilities. the president's budget before congress -- and i hope they see the wisdom of funding this as a priority because there's lat of conversation and a lot of resident rhetoric in

conditioning this conditions' but not resources and you have to have resources to gut's. so hopefully when the finish the budget they'll have opportunities and i'll be except the time i sent away from jake and his sister and caroline and grandson kaz, who i sauce the week in denver, will have been worth that sacrifice. >> perfect transition to this question. should hillary clinton win the white house, would you serve as her chief of staff or any other position or administration? >> my -- i have to be careful answering the question bus it's an -- because it's an official event. i don't anybody some be talking about what job are available or what will happen after the election. think everybody should be focused on supporting the candidate of their choice and making sure that this is an election that at the end of the day people are proud of. we have got an amazing political system in this country.

and it's one that i think -- i guess it's easy be to critical and easy to make fun of -- but it's really hard running for office, gang. it's really hard. it's hard pause your family has to watch the commercials. that have nothing to do with who you actually are but a perception that's being created about you. hard because it's physically exhausting. just on the way in here i was -- my schedule chris is good young man. was giving him heck because if a had one full day off in the last three weeked. that's me. i'm not -- your remarks be my presidential campaign was as long as the campaign itself. so, the reality is it's hard work. so, then the question is, if --

what system would you like to have? what other system would you like to be under? it's messy. but it's the best that we've got. and it involves a government that far too frequently is criticized unfairly. 99% of what is happening today in every single department of the federal government is positive. there are people working today to expand exports for farmer. that's government. people today making home loans to folk inside rural america that otherwise could never get a commercial bank to give them a loan. that government. there are farmers who are struggling through tough economic times who are on a wait list because we didn't appropriate enough money for all the credit need they're getting their loan today which is going to help save their operation potentially. that government. there's somebody doing conservation work somewhere. preserving the soil and the water for all of us. that government.

there's someone inspecting whatever it is we ate today. making sure that when we consume and it our families consume it, it's safe. seeing a reduction in food-born illness in this administration. that's government. that just one department. there's somebody out there protecting and fighting forest fires today, putting their life on the bottom line in one of hoe most dangerous circumstances ever. that government. protecting 70,000 communities that are interfacing the urban air base. that's one department. just think about all of the other thing going on today. so, with due respect to the question, public service is noble. i will never apologize for and it will be proud of it, and anyone who has the opportunity to provide public service is blessed. >> that tees up this question. do you see yourself getting involved in any politics in

iowa, perhaps, say, a senate seat in 2018? >> well, this is my theory, and it's only my theory. probably not accurate but is for me. i have been a mayor, a state senator, a governor, and now a secretary. here's what i know about myself. i'm an executive. i like to make decisions. i like to implement decisions. does that an your question. >> you're saying more administration, not senate. >> look, the -- there are people who are really, really good at legislating. they're really at compromising and shaping bills and that kind of stuff. just didn't enjoy my six years as state senator as much as i joan third the five years as mayor erring eight years as governor and eight years as a secretary. >> this is an important question do you use any private e-mail for government business?

>> well, the reality is that a lot of folks who know you back home, know your private gmail account or whatever account you have. everybody's got it. and so they'll send you an e-mail. send you -- i got an e-mail the other day from a guy who has a water issue. somebody's pumping water interest a wetland or something some and he was saying, what about this? that's government, right? so you can't help that. but you've transfer it to the usda account and then you delegate the responsibility to respond to it. because of the nature of people who have been in your life before you got this job, you're not naturally going to have e-mails like that. >> let's switch subjected.

global food security is increasing worry and the future will become more of a worry. how can the u.s. ensure food security and what can americans do to help. >> the gus is when i started the job we had a billion people who were food insecure globally. tate it's 820 million. this long term its challenge us we'll have to increase food production anywhere from 50 to 70%. ' in the next in 35 years to meet the groel world population. but the first step and one way the usda can provide help and assistance is to expand on the issue of food waste. a third of the food that we grow, raise, and produce in this country, never consumed the way it was intend. it's waste. ended up often time inside our land land fills. in our land fills food waste is the largest component of solid ways to first mrs. can stop

wasting food, rodriguez portion sides if have a more informed consuming public. you with an app that sun would go on line and see if someone needs to use something in the fridge. we're looking on the epa and partners in challenge by year 2030 to cut in half food waste. secondly we can work with the usaid with what was used to prefer toad feet the fewer, now the global foot security act. cot identified by congress because it was success. we can train farmers around the world to utilize more productive agricultural practices. we can eliminate food loss, not waste, but loss in these developing countries because off their storage facilities are in need of significant ene enhancement. we can do research so folks can figure out how to grow more we

list, whether it's drought resistant crops. so the usda is gaminged in that activity and making sure we properly store and handle food in developing countries. the feed the future initiative has been incredibly successful in terms of the number of farmers trained. millions. the number of children who have been fed. tens of millions. and the number of opportunities in 77 countries to have a better understanding what they need to do in order to meet their food needs. and i frankly think trade is also part of this. the reality is that if you can efficiently move food from one place to another through trade, that's also going to make a big difference. >> can you discuss a bit more of the bin fit of tpp for us and competing international i with exports. >> 30% of american agricultural gross income is related directly to exports. 20% of farm income is directly related to exports.

so, if you don't have trade, if you don't have exports, you'll have a very difficult time in farm country. if we think prices are low today that it would be significantly lower if not for the fact we're still going to have one of the top ten years of trade exports this year, even though it's down at built. but certainly the eight year with had have been over a trillion dollars. so, when you look at tpp, look at the asia-pacific area, what you've see is growing middle class consumer. you look at asia at large you're talking about today 525 to 530 million middle class consumerred projected to grow by 2.7 billion in the next 15 years. that's ten times the american population. ten times. these are middle -- not citizens totally. these are middle class consumers. and these are people that would want to buy and can afford to buy american products. who understand the american brand of agriculture reflected

great quality, great safety, affordability, and stability in supply. so, why would we want to cut ourselves our of rough from the market? if we don't do this, if we -- we can't find the will to do these grade agreements the rest of the world residents not going to say, oh, gee, the united states is not going to do this so we'll just stop discussing trade and we'll just all sort of just sell to ourselves. that not what is going to happen. what going to happen is her to going to bilateral agreements that don't include the united states. we have one of the most open marketed in world today. for goods coming into the country. what we want is we want the rest of the world to open up their markets. prey tough to do without trade agreements. we also want to up the game in the world. went the world to do a better job on labor and environment. well, in order to do that you have to have provisions in agreements that are enforcible.

and in asia in particular, the question is, if you had a choice between the united states leading the effort to ahere standards agreement on labor and environment, trade barriers, tariffs and things, or china, who do you feel more comfortable write can the rules of the future? us? or china? because china right now its attempting to negotiate an asia asia trait guilty that does not include the united states. so it's important for the united states to be in the game here. i think there irdirect assistance and benefits to american agriculture through trade and it is important for the united states to be engaged in that part of the world because that where the population, that's where the action is, and we need to be where the action is. kneed to threated effort. we can't be a follower on this. and frankly the agricultural

industry has done i think a tremendous job in advocating for trade. think the rank-and-file farmer out there understands and appreciates for me most part trade. there may be a disagreement on specific trade agreements or specific aspect of the trade agreement but on the concept of trade i think american farmerred say, yes, this is a good idea. i adopt think that the rest of american business and industry does as good a job as agriculture does promoting the benefits of trade which is i would it's easier to hear negative talk about trade. so the challenge and i'm sure that mesh business thinks there's doing just a fantastic job but they haven't because it's easy to can to about a plant closing, and say that plant closing a result of trade. may have absolutely nothing to do. may have to do globalized

layings. it's noting a crew gate it. it's not cumulated. and so, therefore, doesn't create the headline. doesn't create the news story so the result is that american business has an even heavier responsibility to get out there and explain to the workers to their customers to their supply chain, we're all in this together and we rely for our economic future in part on trade. i they could do a better job of that. maybe the discussions of trade wouldn't be at difficult as they are today. >> a quick reminder the national press club this world residents lead little professional organization for journalis and we fight for a free press worldwide. for more information about include club visit our web site at press.org. also like to remind you about upcoming program.

s. the director oworld trade organization we spiel ore, october 12. the secretary of the nave where kill dress the presidency club ask cream abdul-jabbar will speak here on october 17th. 'll need a steep stool. i i'd like to present our guest with our press club mug. >> thank you. [applause] >> traditional last one question. >> one for every member of the family. thank you. >> the last fun questionful. as part of your tenure you have hand numerous-and-wives children's characters such elmo and alvin and the chipmunkses. which one is your favorite? >> that's easy. it's one that probably the first lady is not going to be too able another. cookie monster is my guy. >> thank you very much, mr. secretary. [applause]

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[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> the notion of a vehicle that can drive itself no longer science fiction.

only a question of when, not if. >> on the communicators we're looking at self-driving cars, and tonight, we'll talk with mark rosekind led the national highway traffic safety administration, david shepardson, a reporter joins the conversation. >> the question not even a year ago, six months, when are they going to arrive? they're here. they're on the rod. and so really all of us need to focus on how do we make sure they are as safe as possible because they offer us tremendous life-saving potential. >> watch the communicators tonight at 8:00 eastern on c-span2. >> now remarks from admiral john richardson, chief of naval operations discusses claimed change, naval reed readiness and maritime security. he spoke today at an evelocity held the be center for strategic and international studies. it's an hour.

>> good morning. welcome everyone. i direct the international security program here and want to welcome you to our maritime security dialogue on maintaining maritime priority. before we begin i want to share if you your our building safety precautions. overall this is a very secure in our building but we have a duty to prepare for an emergency situation, i will serve as your responsible safety officer at this event so follow me should there be any fire alarm or something along those lines. the maritime security dialogue --... >>

>> we look forward to accommodate from the admiral followed by a fed chief executive officer and a thank-you to all of you for your attention today and now over to the admiral from. [applause] >> good morning. i also want it to him share my thanks to the note -- and naval institute for hosting this today and for all the work that you do to increase awareness of all things maritime and the dialogue with a series of exchanges

talking to somebody recently that you could be a lot better to do these sort of things. [laughter] so in terms of the of messaging you cannot do we neff because people understand that are being and the air force but the navy is just weird you are different so just keep on explaining and i appreciate that. rather than a general overview i just want to have the discussion of a particular issue i have been in my positional little over one year with a vertical learning curve i am starting to wonder i have to be the slowest kid in doc class but i learned so much everyday

and one of those is the importance to make sure you are thinking as clearly as a communications follow and today i thought i would dive into one important example i will start that off with a word association you give me the first word that comes to your mind. is a2ad what pitcher dec? aqad in israel codeword that indicates that has established the impenetrable keep out ozone that forces

can enter at extreme peril to their existence to others aqad brings to mind a portfolio or basket of technology and with others want will look at aqad as a strategic approach regarding employment of four sorry national policy objective. so i'm in summary that is roundabout freely but that definition is what we could benefit from and that sends a variety of conflicting signals depending upon the context of which that is transmitted or received.

i appreciate everything through the absolute crystal clear lends to enhance the navy's ability half for the admission that is laid out with the title 10 away from any maritime superiority that the u.s. navy will operate and be ready to conduct of and sustain combat protecting america from attack. wherever and whenever necessary with the national security objectives. so to ensure clarity in this communication they will refrain from using the term a2ad as a stand-alone acronym all things to all people are some things to

some people that we owe it to ourselves to the country at so i encourage and the concept is not anything new. history of military contest is all about adversaries and to attack them with more destructive weapons best technologies change to react and a leveraged the embargo so recently in our conversation we discussed this trend but history has much to teach us about maintaining perspective that will give us insight to chart that path forward.

only to think of ratio nelson -- horacio nelson. and those in the pacific during world war ii low to see that a2ad and confronting a2ad intelligence to control the seas and project power in contested areas by the nation in vast with a naval force to begin with. the second reason the term denial is too often taken as a fait accompli but really it describes the affirmation. i get into a2ad discussions better supplemented by nafta

and charts and harks -- the arcs and coastlines that crosses the of deadline that faces us certain destruction that will stay out of the place. but the reality is far more complex it is hard to achieve a hit with successful completion of a complex chain of defense it is vulnerable and can be interrupted. something to be thoroughly considered to be thoughtful and well prepared. but the threats they are based on our not insurmountable and will be managed. the third reason is a2ad is

to inherited to the defense. since these are starting and impenetrable. will we start outside and think how we work from the outside in? but related to the last point, the reality is we can and if needed, we will. we will fight inside out from the top and bottom starting to sound like churchill at this point. and the examples i have given historic ratio that this is nothing new in has been done before. finally, the fourth reason is a2ad the rabbit is

already pretty well understood but in my mind the threat is really a round corner. long-range precise missiles coupled left the i s are systems that can detect with precision have been with us for some time weekenders stand that dynamic it is true that this system gets more capable one generation will be get a following generation that extends the reach a little further and it is true that the systems are proliferating in and spreading. but the problem that they represent is thus save as it is understood for some time. that doesn't mean they don't present a challenge but if we fixate on a2ad we will miss the boat on the next

challenge so fail to consider what is right around the corner with a fundamental shift to take competition to the next level. what must be done? to stay ahead of our adversaries when essentially anyplace in the world can be damaged in realtime on demand? that world is right around the corner. for those four reasons with the independent use of a2ad that lack of precision as adversaries have different geographic features like ocean currents, mountains, differe nt geographies dictate a

wide variety of technologies and enemies used to fight in different areas. it has a major impact on how u.s. forces can maintain initiatives. while there may be sound universal elements of what we might use their are just as many differences to resist the temptation because specifics matter. what should we say instead? i will not replace one with another. this will disappoint many and a matter what we say we will get there but with 10 different theaters to present challenges to

describe the of mission and the challenges to create confusion, not clarity. then be talk about the specifics of our strategies and capabilities relative to those of potential adversaries within a specific context of geography. our focus must always maintain superiority with the interplay between strategy against the specific threats in specific locations to achieve that end. the superior of equipment are high performing team is for a better thinking that will combine to make a save more capable to face any adversary especially in the time of rising complexity

this is where our advantages start to open us up on the competition. but it must go beyond words and we are acting we will up our game through training and experimentation planned introducing new technologies. sailors and strategist are doing remarkable things to push the of boundaries to develop new ways to maintain our edge with deeper partnerships in the private sector into academia and industry to bring the best ideas to the table to do that faster than we are now. similarly deeper partnerships with like-minded naval forces around the world. with the international seapower symposium over 100

navy's and these efforts matter. and an almost everywhere we look the margin of error will be sent. this around the world. i look forward to the discussion. [applause] >> admiral richardson teeth

thanks for the of remarks he mentioned you have been on duty at year and a couple weeks and it is worth asking one time when the different submarines and votes that you change your idea and if there is something you can point to after the first year that has changed that can cause you to reevaluate or modify? >> the design was issued as version 1.zero and you can see as they set that up with these "x-men" the next one is coming down the road. we built the design with

that type in mind so one we will say some things that our more specific about acquisition and we need to focus on that more clearly in terms of executing authorities and expectations to serve the role and these with senior industry leaders that there is the great desire on both sides to clean out the bureaucracy. so there is a little more focus on that. so we have built bill will design that the pace is

quickening. but i would have to say even in the past year even quicker than we anticipated to highlight that sense of urgency. >> that the you lot of -- the u.s. overall is outplayed in that area between peace anwr. does it cause you to take any additional action and

strong for the nuclear deterrent to gain proficiency at the high-end but now we increasingly find ourselves with another term were unconventional means could be required as a response to want to get your ideas on that. >> that is a terrific question. with that spectrum of conflict much of my opening statement highlights the fundamental nature with conflict and competition we have competitors that are studying us looking for

every way they can to exploit areas for the advantage in the competition. with the joint chiefs of staff is terrific in terms of highlighting a new form of competition that is no longer regional is difficult to point to any situation everybody is trans regional if not global those domains that our more skilled and competing in those remains.

it is multi domain. and that gives rise to what we need to confront. to develop those played in the playbook the options of the leadership of what we would call classical phase three conflict. to have that competition. >> just one more question. >> the big part of that as part of that solution to build capacity with like-minded teams but as we

work with our allies but strengthening of security architecture is a big way for word to be more resilient. >> so you are working on da high end capability of the neighbor on -- need me one of the future but there is a drumbeat of deployment cycle with the near-term execution that the navy did not get the of luxury of the reset whiff of he'll to toad

appointments over 40 years. and at the same time to meet the demands of 1500 today. outlined by the job description to have balance and the need to modernize for the future and to throw the of manpower peace accosted dialogue we have and a collaborative way as possible to bring that modernization to the joint force as quickly at the best

price possible. and some of those are suggested that we could go faster than the current system allows. and how do you improve capability beyond technology? we cannot fire way out the matter what approach we take. and many of those revolutions the are not dependent upon a new technology with a new combination we are working closely with the marine corps of operations and concepts as creative as we can beat with those

intellectual structures and to stitch those together with the current capabilities they can be very agile and capable. from the mathematical standpoint everybody talks about at exponential curve. twelve approach to those factorial obvious -- without possibility to continue to explore. the past to go beyond just tedious. and that is exactly what

they're doing. >> thank-you admiral for bringing us together today. one-two ask as the navy moves toward region specific playbook do they have any future thoughts on the naval affairs will to and that? climate changes focusing attention is as small as it has ever ben. so what does that mean? to the transit lanes that

our more open now than ever. and accessible that we not accessible for. how do we address that? and we do so to be informed and while there are opportunities the staff talks with the coast guard last week of big part of the stocks so it is important there are things changing up there. like there is a gold rush. and then also be mindful the navy and coast guard teams to the maritime forces but

they do so on a priority basis so they of the other threats we would get up there as we can capable to operate, to be aware of how things are changing and respond appropriately. >> with the word icebreaker that has come up. >> and working very closely with the coast guard. >> you talk about achieving high velocity levels of is the state of that going?

and the gentry wanted to have? been with that maritime superiority it talks about high velocity learning the strangest thing and the least understood. as were so many others to talk allot about it when you put a document out like the design there was great ownership for no surprises whiff of superiority. but now you read it and the

words are as clear as they can be but there are questions in people's mind. so as any other commanders guidance to last what does this mean? so we do that and all lines of the efforts of what they are most curious to gain every betty's deep understanding with the most rich conversation foraging for word. overall would give the spill letter cn that area. is committed to getting after arrest.

with all of the other lines of the effort, there is overlap and influence but this permeates into everything with the elevator development and how we trained leaders to go out and learning at the division work center level. but the enthusiasm is tremendous out there. people are attaching themselves. i have an effort to reduce distractions. i would have to give myself one the letter f this year. >> you really are a nuke

laugh laugh but we have to get our minds around that. and then there is a hesitation or a reluctance. but that is essentially intertwined to create space for people to do these fast learning types of things. might computing or writing. and after discussing this but just last week i had a discussion at the naval war college and some tools at

their disposal. as the leadership programs and the senior listed academy so bringing this all together how do we learn into leadership development. >> [inaudible] >> distinguished naval personnel laugh laugh. >> thank you for your optimism regarding how to use the acronym and dealing with a2ad. we don't hear much about optimism.

and appreciating your optimism is that justified with the budget control act assuming that we have a navy between 270 and 300 ships quick. >> we will talk about the budget control act first. all assumptions and optimism are off the table with the budget lovell's into these things extremely difficult been anything that the admiral talked-about to maintain a ready force while modernizing for the future that is all into the mix.

with the force level beat of our coming to a closure now to digest and marinate what do we do with the data? that is exactly the balanced i described. son is a future architecture to meet the challenge of the future. that fleet that will be around for a while. with the near-term and the far turn. so the question of 275 ships. and more to follow in the near future. how do they see the future before size and composition?

with the lovell of the of budget that is an issue especially like caps but can you talk about what it does to you as the navy leader with the appropriate budget? >> to add of the three-way means to describe the challenges but the first matter that you pointed out twitches the fleet is running very hard and has spent 15 years and that has a consequence on our people and they have seen a lot and are deployed along. with 10 months deployment.

then when you bring the us systems back. the systems are worn out. to bring them in for maintenance. benefit is the size it is bigger because we go longer and harder than we thought. and spend more time with maintenance. so one is that it has the facts and consequences. number two is the budget levels that we start the conversations and what we do every single year about the predictability of the budget , and and then to go into your number nine of the leadership and also has

consequences one into a system of predictability and confidence the talk about delivering things on time at the lowest possible cost to does the taxpayer which i've completely committed to doing that goes in the wrong direction with predictability of the continuing resolution so looking at how behavior is modified over the course of nine years nothing happened in the first fiscal quarter some to be a fortune 10 company with the pierce

throw on top of that talk about national security. it is very difficult especially the big capital projects. >> but even those facilities have a lot of contracts associated you have to double the contract to unload you need a brand new contract is to cover that . of a continuing resolution and then to fed finish out the rest of the year is we're all committed to the headquarters numbers everybody is in on that but they make a hard to write to contracts and we should

mention that. >> i am a social anthropologist by trade. of how things change. >> a word that has struck me in the conversation is called relationships. i heard both the vice president and secretary of defense use it speaking this spring. if it was a competition between the services now you'd need to recognize that you work together and complexity is part of the way that it is so much

harder. but i have said this before if you want exhilarated learning you need to take the term from apple computer's and the most successful corporation in the world if you don't know then ask and learn together. i have been to so many meetings were they use your a2ad terms not everybody knows what that this and they walked out not only what they have heard so that whole idea of explaining that non experts can't understand to excel raid the of learning for the entire team and the fact that you were collaboratively frills' me. >> i have to ask you because of our rules will you ask a question? [laughter] >> how do you do this?

[laughter] >> nitride. [laughter] >> in many areas of this learning line of the effort to think about those things without right type of mindset to go to the right places in the right questions and how do we gather at that? oftentimes this will shock you but it the commander with three echelons above the commander with a bright and shiny area with that

area that entails. and part of that program for sure but and the hardest challenge where they snuggle the most so let's explore that and what do you do about that? what did your first try? how was that going and when will you no? how can i help you? if we all get comfortable to follow those conversations that is focused on the solution and to stimulate this conversation.

and many do. and it is not a new idea soloed to find others with that great idea and in terms of thinking and to have many languages to choose from and we did choose english. [laughter] as we read that i hope that it speaks in clear terms there are very few if any acronyms and that. and to the point of asking questions, i rarely understand an acronym.

so the days that i have that is completely different things. but can you explain that a little more thoroughly? go to the hard places ask the right questions. >> but my first one when i was a rookie and i thought they would be riveted by every word. with the lesson of how fast of the united states. [laughter] but in 90 seconds is about

the average. to highlight how much respect i have for that team there are so many choices. and now open up to questions . and in no time at all the result life and - - there is a line 10 people deep asking questions. not just that but the tone and the sophistication of the questions all of that is uplifting in terms of what your sailors are concerned with and to get at a better place. we want to make sure that

they are empowered to look at their chain of command. >> >> click add information warfare. hot you define that capacity to engage with the different capacity? with that weapon system i come from the same school to have the effective weapon on target it comes from resources. >> what we exercise so at

every level of evaluation. so to talk to one another and then of course, that might be possible. in the table top get that some saltwater old-line yards so to translate into experimentation and what we are finding more and more synthetically the models are much more sophisticated so to validate with that part of our education with the

successful engagement it can be done in a synthetic environment and that is multi-party with a different aliments of that system even those geographically dispersed one even with all of that things that cannot be done by doing them. this submarine committee learned a valuable lesson because it took two years to get confidence that they could detonate with they were designed to do so to make sure we never do that again to ensure we have the requisite system that we have then there are the new possibilities that we can now let's get connections and connectivity and

possibilities with the platform and what been combinations of what we are exploring. so this isn't just a power point or computer screen if you start to think about that approach to proliferate with the requisite security and reliability all love that comes with it. i am optimistic. it is the start of the warfare and to be cyberor electromagnetic so doesn't necessarily have to be in the traditional sense. but i remain optimistic.

>> >> from defense news as a communicator anybody wants to drop the charge is doing a great job. bonus to you a2ad is a confusing term people spend time trying to figure out what it is with different answers but what about the third offset? [laughter] at continue to ask questions so what is meant by the third offset?

so some of these new capabilities with artificial intelligence bills will be part in of that but i have discussed this and we are an agreement but we are in a period of time where no one idea will be king for very long. so we may achieve advantage but if we don't think about the next three airforce steps to maintain advantage or that is the nature of the environment that proliferates very fast if we don't think about pace we

will be caught at a position that is part as much of the third offset. >> we have time for repression. >> for the lady on my right. >> thank you very much for giving me the last question. but looking at the south china sea what sort of pressure cannonade bring to bear that is not necessarily a mouthful with the features of sovereignty. >> that is a terrific

geographical area that is very interesting to bring into a very clear focus. and with my counterpart and with the other with regional counterparts one thing that is important to appreciated isn't just bilateral u.s.-china of but with huge stakes to play out with everybody and what options the united states navy can bring. so there are many areas and

those are glossed over may have to make sure to pile in and reinforce and these areas and as we work of those disagreements so every buddies desire in the region would want to do so to mitigate the risk of an escalation so the hope is we can reach an agreement including the united states and china and everybody else that did not involve conflict so we don't want to

do any deliberate conflict but also any conflict from miscalculation but one thing all the navies have adopted is the idea at that talk about this quite a bit it is such a great example of how we can manage our way to the dispute resolution with conflict but if it is a code for behavior with the unplanned encounter. as the strike group was deployed we were there with a lot of ships from the chinese navy the bass with

rework conducted to use all the tools that the nation has with the influence and power to come to make conflict resolution. so our job is to major -- make sure we are present that we will stay there and make it very clear. with the of rules of behavior that allowed us to peacefully resolve our differences. and that we have a dialogue that in that unlikely event something happens we can get on the phone with one

another to keep this in context so we can't get to estate - - weekend get to that state. >> our time is up and we think you for your time today we also wanted knowledge once again our sponsors lockheed martin. . .

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