and no path to get there. this woman said look, i can see how we can get these out of the ground. within a very short period of time we worked with her, several other federal agencies, supported her. we got two of those developmen developments, ground broken on two of them. when the new administration came in and worked with the new traffic secretary to basically say this is where we are, we care about them a lot. he was terrific. what we handed over to wasn't as 80%, it was more 20% in some cases. he got how to get her a line, and i'm a slayer he said we broke ground on the fourth. that was a career civil servant activation that we could get it done if we could just supporter in the right way. those are for working are based in new orleans that are beautiful.

>> what was uneven? there wer are good ones and if u gave them, they could do great -- >> had a vision for an opportunity for change out of make the program better. if only we could do a dnc. only if we could get some sponsorship we could achieve this. that is a leader coming in, that's gold. in a case i think the people have been into position for a long time. they were managing their area but things could be a lot better. i think it's tough for these guys. the leadership changes, the mandate changes. it's hard to get some things done sometimes if you're a couple levels down. the other important thing which is something i would advise every person who has come in is to say, other than on pure policies or a political viewpoint, forget about the political career divide. forget about it.

i really rankled my political people up because i put clear people in charge if i thought they were more competent. it was just healthier for the organization. we got more done et cetera, et cetera. >> i found the following situation which is an organization that was under lead and under directed, and so one of the biggest challenges was i walked in and it was secretary, what are your priorities backs as opposed to stepping back and look at the organization. we do everything from the patent and trademark office to the weather service to the national institute of telecommunications. so we have a broad array of things that we do and services that we provide. and it was and what he meant what are my top priorities? the question really was what

should the organization be focused on? so what we did is we took this, the senior political and senior career people, and we all came together i think seven of us and we put together strategic plans for the department. based on five pillars, trade and investment, innovation, data, climate intelligence or environmental intelligence, and organizational excellence. this was, under their, there were three or four things under each of those pillars that we as an organization we're going to focus on trying to accomplish. and by bringing, it wasn't you are a career our political. we've had political going to career jobs. we've it clear people go into political jobs and we've had been mixed up. it's about helping people develop in giving a good set of

directions. but the directions were developed together. and then the point of you that i took was, i invert the pyramid. my job as secretary to support you executed against the strategic plan that you have developed. and that's helped us as an organization really both understand what we are trying to accomplish but also for people, which the secretary's job? part of the secretary's job is to help break the logjam where nobody else can do that, right? whether it is launching with capitol hill or a logjam the business community or with the administration or its and in agency challenge. and you, use the second help accomplish what we set out with the objectives which are obviously consistent with what the president has asked us to

do. and so that kind of transparency of object is i think it's help inform -- that's not developed goals. it's inform where we are focused to its inform all of our community nation's. it conforms of the various agencies to find what they are doing on a day-to-day basis and so it's been, if they would revise it about 18 months in, updated the plan to be more reflective of what we learned and things that we thought needed different attention or greater clarification. i think that's been a great tool, but this idea that the secretary's agenda is over here and the department is over there, and just have the depth sack run the department which is what when people advice i was given when i first started is easy over here and just get a good depsec to run the thing and

you could do what you want to do. it's crazy to me because that's what i think the kind of leadership that you need and want to go in the day in age where we are facing challenges like cybersecurity and other things. the signatures are going to be held accountable for those. their basic management, or websites that you run if they break down, which we all have them. and things like that. if those are not happening there can be serious consequences although up to the topic the other thing that we did implement a no fault if something is going wrong. we tried to encourage and create a cultural if you measure it and say something is not going right, what you got with more resources and more support, not thrown to the wolves, which is what everybody is afraid up. what i made clear is here's how you want to see the secretary really unhappy is when she has to read about something going

wrong in the newspaper. as opposed to being warned here's what's happening, it's not working. our ability then to try to address and get ahead of the problem. problems have been in any large organization, in small organizations. what you want as a leader if the government get ahead of the problems, support your good talent to be able to address the challenges that they face. that's the way that we as a team of try to manage. >> so you start out by saying should be run more like a business. the perception is running something more like a business means you make decisions, be dictatorial. i think what we just heard was running it like a business is about engaging organization. [talking over each other] >> but i think the issue is, the people keep saying he can make decisions, you can't move quick. there's a sense you've got evero come and who's got an agenda and

i think, i had the exact same experience. what's your plan? what's your agenda? but the issue is -- let me just finish. the issue is a got a massive workforce with great ideas that needs to be engaged in what secretary pritzker was just describing also tells you that organization is going to be able to read those same initiative or after the election. they been engaged in what the plan should be and they will carry it forward because they don't necessarily need to wait for the next person to come tell them what to do because they believe in it. >> question that you feel uncomfortable with, so let me start with you. [laughter] >> true or false, so much decision-making especially in the area policy has migratory bloated white house and executive office of the president to the point that it's rob the agencies of their conference, their creativity and

their sense of purpose. and the couple would be better if it were reversed. do you agree or disagree? >> well, there are like six statements in this why can't agree with them all. i never felt the white house staffers blog. i thought it was then in a terrifically smart, talented people. i will say there is often confusion, a new agency, confusion as to who makes decisions. and how to get -- >> no confusion at the white house about the. >> part of the issue though is if you count the heads are communicating well with the nec or your tpc and omb, and you are of identical to the right direction. the problem happens when the white house is one place and at that the agency had on camera saying something else. i think you have to have, you have to understand is when president and all serve at the pleasure of the president. what i tell people when they come in to these jobs, the first thing you should understand is

whether or not the issues relating to agency are central to the president's agenda. you need to understand that can be aligned with that because that is the agenda you are driving. the other thing that i experienced was there was an assumption that anytime a junior person from only be called one of the policy councils and said you should not do that, we had to jump up and salute. my comment was generally a prescient irony to this agency. we have a policy staff. to be a great or disagree? we disagree i pick up the phone and call a personality or at the policy councils that understand you guys going in this direction, i think it's important for to think is -- i think it's a portrait you think about it this way. the issue becomes, it turned out usually extremely well because if we didn't get where we need to go, we were talking about the issues and we ended up a light. in many cases i did prevail but like any team i think it's important to have alignment and

communication and process in place we understand. but i do think if you, i think it is important to agency heads who are competent and can lead a vision for the agency and advocate because that's what we are to do. >> do think there's too many cooks? >> in this documentation to the complicated. these groups are not that big in the white house. the idea that there are thousands of people -- >> sabatino do people actually. >> but the people that we deal with -- >> omb and all the councils -- 1700. >> but we were doing this with the senior person at all of the of the number one or 2% of the national economic council or the dpc. we would pick up the phone, they would pick up the phone and get the right relationship you work through the issues efficiently. we can offer to leverage our staff for the benefit. the issue becomes whether it's not communication where people are not working together. >> do you think you drove

housing policy from your department or do think housing policy was driven from the white house? >> first of all i came in a note of housing prices. it was already a bill on the hill and a lot going on. what i ended up driving was i was extremely involved in a lot of policy issues around mortgage modifications into the programs to help homeowners. at sba, a number of occasions i called up the white house and reverse issues on budgeting, prevailed on a number of issues that ended up being unpopular for the ministry but i felt were important to advance the integrity of the organization. >> is this a problem for you? and overly involved and suffocating white house staff that saps the policymaking of your own agency and just discourages them and drives away talent because they can't really

do anything? >> now. i wouldn't say, you know, i don't think you can give like that kind of uniform -- >> i know. >> now. might experience has been as follows, that for the most part, not 100%, but a pretty collaborative process of trying to develop policy because at the end of the day the white house can't implement. so they need to work with the department's. often the biggest challenge is the department is come it's not my department that executing. it's often interagency. and so, therefore, you need the white house engagement. we are working on all kinds of things. i worked both with the nec, the nsc and the dpc, right? often i need to because i need to work in the agency and the isn't a mechanism that's set up

to deal with certain issues. sometimes there is, sometimes there's not. but i found, i found it very collaborative but i found it really depends on who's leading those policy councils in the white house. i would also, and are they an honest broker or are they basically -- it really depends upon the person. and bondage is goin going to dre their stock or other legal to run an honest process? my experience has been predominantly on this process. at the end of the day if there's disagreement, it's getting reflected to the president. ultimately, the president decide. sometimes you win and sometimes you lose your opinion. is prevails or doesn't but that's the president's prerogative to do that. but i found not 100% of the time but let's call it 85% of the time it's been an absolutely

fair process and collaborative try to get to an outcome that we are trying to achieve. now periodically somebody's got to try something because either the president has decided already, or that someone else's style and that happens periodically. sometimes that's needed frankly to drive an agenda for the president, which is this isn't, we need, this is where the president wants to go and we need to get in line. and figured that out. in which my be doing it say how do we shape that in a way that is most productive for all the stakeholders that could be affected by a decision so that you get the best outcome. you have to acknowledge at the end of the day, i think that's the system. what should the size of the white house be and the white house staff? i don't have an opinion about that. i found the most important thing though is exactly what you said which is relationships and isn't

collaborative or not? there's also perspective that you may not have, right, we think as we're running our department we had a relatively decent handle on what's going on in our department. there's a lot of other things going on that may be, that the president is trying to balance. >> can we keep going on not? >> i think we need to take questions from the audience first. >> okay. >> come to the microphone. >> madam secretary, wanted to follow up on a comet where policy is driven by budget. into the last supper years we've not releasing a budget passed by congress. how does that affect policy

because going forward i don't really see much is being passed away be used in the past. >> that was my question, too. >> what's the impact of congressional dysfunction on the operation of the agency? >> huge that it's a huge challenge. in a finally often the policies as he lectured services that we can't implement right now to run our organization more efficiently and more effectively get more value for the taxpayer, it's not that much money in the scheme of a multibillion-dollar budget. so having a budget really matters because this is a chink in the way we've operated before. you need approval and appropriations for that. it's huge in terms of being able to run more effectively and efficiently and the best value. for the taxpayer. >> did you have any follow-up?

>> you know, every year doesn't look like the last year, especially when you're trying to drive change. use the funding for a systems upgrade because you agency has hundreds of millions of dollars, whatever. every year is different. the opportunities is different. if you've got this static budget, and in many cases the line items are specifically designated. at the spf a lot of latitude with by budget. when it went to hud every penny was designated to a line. i could move money around the house at all. the budget process of social early, goes for long. but by the time you get a budget the world has changed and as a leader you don't have flexibility just to make the decisions like i need training dollars for people over because i've got an issue they need to learn about. >> you need a patched system. i need to put in do authentication.

sometimes it's simple stuff that you get, you just don't have come it could be $1 million. $1 million is a lot of money, don't get me wrong, but in the context of a multibillion-dollar budget that we're running, the ability to move $1 million should not mean you have to, like do back flips to take care of an urgent need. >> of the questions. -- other questions speak with i will squeeze into questions. >> just one. >> okay. i guess the concern about have in the transition process is that we go to deep in appointing people. in some cases will go down to the office director level well below deputies and secretaries. that seems to me to really make the transition that much harder when you go that deep in assigning people. why can't we limit it to

assistant secretary for higher? i think that would make the transition a lot easier. >> i don't disagree with you but i do think if you have a policy agenda as president you need to go down to a certain level of leadership to effectuate that. i think there's a reality to that. i think, on the i think the bigger problem, and the other thing is, the career teams keep things going. like the lights stay on. but if you're trying to move an agency in a different direction you need to make sure you have the leadership down to a particular level. i don't know if that covers all 6000 or whatever the number is. i think the bigger problem is the fact it takes too long for people to get through. and congress is just continually used it as a lever to do other things.

they would has to be, you have elected a president to the need to let him or her bring into being and you need to let them get on with running the country. it's irrespective of policy, it's fundamentally detrimental to the country not to have leadership in these roles. >> i couldn't agree more. >> this question is for both of you, even if you would like to respond. one is configured to go back in the first six months other than your, how would you approach it? coming and they won coverage is printed on? the second part is how would you advise career civil servants the same, the first six months of a new leaders tenure? >> so i will start since like to me it would be coming back. you already year. i think the biggest thing i would say for the new person coming in is listen very hard

and figured out what needs to happen. understand what the white house expectations are. because ultimately your priority needs to be there pretty. number two is understand how you agency can be more effective and listen very hard to people who do it. there's so much, there's so much that we do that has nothing to do with politics and everything to do -- there are great programs out there that are effective because they're not run well enough what they don't have the tools they need or technology or whatever. my advice would be listen very hard to people, pull them together in a very organized with a full agenda, the five pillars, in making it out to people other than now they are part of it. as a career person, one of the things that surprised me the most when i came in is i always been a very -- i've never been

called anything but my first name and asked her to walking into meetings and people were for it to me in the third person who were sitting next to me. it was a really strange thing. i realized also without it was the degree to which people just like didn't address you. my entire company knows my e-mail. i get a dose of employers every day. believe me they are fine sending unhappy e-mails. i call them up and make it into the place and that's how i learned. it's hard to tap into that and so what i would do is give you see and openness as a career person, the out how to be creative in getting your recommendations to the new leader because it's great stuff and it really helps. >> i want to build on that. you've heard the talk about the budget and strategic plan and things like that but i think this ability to break down this

very stratified structure and informality that exists is in a day and age where organizations need to be flatter and information needs to, more quickly. these departments are structured in a way where you walk in. first about everybody stands up and then they call you like it's like a summit else over there that you're talking about. and they don't tell you anything. they have to go through 16 of the people before the information gets to you. by the time it gets to you it's so old it's out of date. it's crazy. and so one of the challenges that we found was how to streamline all of that and how to break all that down. you don't want to break all of it down because you need the organizations are too large in order to just have a completely flat organization. but you do need to break down enough of it, and as a leader you can set the tone. you can talk about, you could

respond to this. i do everything from, for example, we take great pride in the fact you bring an issue to us, we know exactly how big is it is until we have responded on the issue as a third party. we know me days it takes to get a thank you letter out. we know how many days it's taking us to respond to members of congress. it's sort of interesting the white house calls and says what about the letter? we already responded to it. we are trying to be, we think of ourselves as any service business, and being responsive is part of what we do. sometimes you need 16 other people to come together in order to respond to some very complicated questions so it takes more time. not the stuff, the more you can do to develop trust and greater transparency i think the new city buys you more credibility and buys you more flexibility.

that's hard to earn. nobody just gives it to you because you show up and some of a geisha a title. but that becomes -- and gives you a title. the most viable thing that is your reliability and your dependability i think. >> moderator's prerogative, last question. it's often said that you operate in a fishbowl, it's a funny thing about the fishbowl. it's true anyone can look in but for the public, they don't pay attention to a lot of the things that you do day-to-day but there are groups, called and special interests, constituencies that the incredible attention. how is it that you make sure your department doesn't get pushed around by the special interests who make a lot of and connect a lot of trouble for you to the detriment of what you

consider to be the public interest? >> you have to be a leader. at some point you to stand up and say no, we are not going in that direction, and understand the consequences. often it's not you may not get to make the choice all by yourself to commit to convince others to go along, but you have, you can, i found as a secretary, as a cabinet member, as a leader of a department that i can weigh in and say look, we are trying to deal with balancing between the health of our fish population and the fact that we have no water for growing food in california. we have to figure out a way, how do we solve for both those problems, right? and you don't make it political. you basically are saying look at, we have a responsibility.

let's look at what our responsibilities and try and balance. or to wait in on different issues. because they are hard. >> is it a challenge to keep the loud special interests in their place? is that a big challenge of the job? >> can be. >> yeah, it can be. to say it's not would be naïve, absolutely. those are folks, they all have their best, they are sincere, but you have to try. off in your balancing when you're in the leadership position you trying to deal with okay, i hear you and if you think it's a legitimate issue, but often you're trying to deal with things that maybe semi-irreconcilable, right? and the other challenge of

course is you can't, you don't want, you need to make sure you really understand the facts or the science or whatever is at stake so that it's legitimate and the decision-making that goes on. >> the organization needs clarity on what you were doing, why you are doing it. i agree one of% you have to be out in front of these issues. it's really very reassuring i think for the team, the broader team to see up front. the other thing i would say, however, is it's very easy especially in political issues for the team to line up against yoyou are the good guys and your the bad guys. you have to take that off the table. if they don't agree with you politically it doesn't make the bad guys. it means they have a different view of the world. to have a different perspective. you have to meet with those people in look at them in the isa am not going down this path.

i want to keep a dialogue with you and maybe if we can do this path we can modify 20% because of take some of the issues. i can get a lot of issues to custody like an openness and a willingness to realize you are serving in your capacity serving the whole country. you're serving all these interests and to some degree are ways you can work with almost everybody. what i found is some of the people when you walk into those situations where the most charged up to come at you order, the agency into being diffused look at and feeling dignified. there's not a number of that right now in the city. >> it's an important point, which is to say as you are trying to balance varies interests depend upon whatever the issue is, you need to treat people with respect and understand that they are coming at you with their passion and their issue and concern. that legitimate, but ca then alo

help them understand the context within which you trying to make a decision. if the decision are easy for the most part they're not in the up on our desk, you know? naked made someplace else. -- they did made someplace else. in many instances, there's judgment calls that have to be made and those, those are hard. >> thank you very much, both of you. [applause] >> i don't know if a call for special interest good management effective government but thank you for being great champions. thank you for your facilitation. quick note, and the audience we have two winners of the service to america medal's. a phenomenal job. [applause]

>> hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of dollars, we need more nominations. service to america medal.org. on the 13th we're releasing a report on our view of the office of management and budget and can part of our transition she's thinking about how we might envision a center of government operating carefully. thank you very much again. [applause]

>> [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] ♪ >> live picture from wayne state university in detroit were today hillary clinton will be campaigning. a fairly large crowd after last nights debate. the "detroit free press" poll from december 30 shows hillary clinton with about a 10-point lead over donald trump. this out as expected to get underway in just a few moments. we will have it for you live here on c-span2. right now and conversation about pakistan's path of membership in the european union from the washington ideas forum.

>> good morning. general, good morning. at the beginning of general's autobiography in the line of fire he wrote this, i'm going to quartequote it to you. the story of my life coincides almost from the beginning of the story of my country. the chapters that follow our biography not only of a man but of pakistan is whether i'm going to take that literally as license soldier accountable both for your own store and for your country this point over the next 20 minutes. i'd like to begin with your current situation which you seem to have experienced the past couple of years ago limiting it to the 21st century, which was you left a fallen to ask how to return home, encouraged by social media support, coach by what you were saying on facebook and discovered something quite different when you arrived in pakistan.

you put on trial for treason. do you now regret having returned to your country speak with no, sir. i don't regret it at all. i didn't return because of social media or the media. i returned from a vision of what ought to be done in pakistan. i thought at the time -- [inaudible] i thought with the coalition or some like-minded parties and people one could create a third political force your so i thought of something bigger than self really. bigger than myself. i was not bothered by the trial because as a hoax and politicized. i knew i'm going to be tried by prepared -- >> we are disappointed with what you discovered when it wasn't so much support for a third force as you would call a? >> to an extent yes, indeed. some support was there. i was disappointed, yes.

>> one thing that people say about you were being here, about having to leave pakistan in the spring despite a now travel order was that it confirms what we think about pakistan often, which is the would've become of the day they say, whoever may be prime minister, ma the army has the power in your country. you are an army guy. the popular after you. you able to leave despite the government's efforts to keep it there, fair speak with reasonably fair. army always had a role in our independence. army has create every prominent role in the governance of pakistan. partially because our many because of covers but all the so called democratic elected governments. they will be adding military governments and we enjoy -- the people of pakistan love the army. the people of pakistan demand a lot from the army.

and i'm very proud of the fact that yes, on his back because i've been with them for over 40 years. i fought wars with them. i fought two wars and i fought a number of actions with them. so i know they are my -- >> but you ruled as a military leader, and many of pakistan's leaders have ruled in uniform. apart from what you said that people thought for the army, doesn't this reflect some inherent weakness in pakistan, that it is will so often by the military? >> i would agree. injured weakness is i personally that the democracy in pakistan has not been tailored in accordance with the environment. there are no checks and balances within the system. the constitution doesn't provide those checks and balances. therefore, the military is forced and told, sucked into the political environment,

especially when discovered it is going on, and pakistan is going down all social economic indicators. the public and the people now so they went towards the army chief and that is how the army gets involved. so, therefore, we have to maybe tailor the political structure in accordance with the gig dates of pakistan, introduced checks and balances so that ms. governance does not take place and the army does not have to come into the policy. >> you see the army doesn't have to come into. wouldn't some restraints by the army play a role as well to say you politicians are on your own, we are not going to take our? >> now. we have seen in the '90s where twice each the political parties -- [inaudible] they covered pakistan twice each between 80 and 90 day.

that is a condition of this conference that takes place in pakistan. so i would say that the army as they said is sucked in. the checks and balances have to be institutionalized. may i very proudly say that i was the one who am called a decade ago i introduced those checks and balances. i introduced the national security council. a national secret counselor which had the president in the chair, prime minister, the chief ministers, chairman, and the for military men which was not liked by many in the west. that the military is getting involved in politics but that is the environment of pakistan. may i say that that was a checkup good performance by the prime minister, a check on the president not to resolve these centers on a whim, to check on the chief of army staff not to

pay for martial law and what are the ones has to go to this institution. >> even said that you don't regret having gone back. do you still, do you expect to go back? >> i think i will return more confident, more wiser. spewing do you intend to return to pakistan even that needs standing to speak with i will, yes. because i know that the trial is all politicized. one has to face it. no risk no gain come and for before as i said, i'm thinking about myself, beyond myself. if the government in pakistan were performing well, i would be the last person to want to go back because i had served 10 years. i've been in the army three, i've been that chairman joint

commit static and been prime minister, i been president of morgan webb what? therefore have no such ambition of going back and rolling again. but i just want people to run pakistan but because pakistan is my passion. when they said that pakistan, when they see that pakistan is not being run, every individual, to make sure that it recovers, that it is put back. because i'm confident after 10 years of my rule that pakistan has all the resources and all the acumen to go on with. >> but used to be clear, you would go back even if it meant standing trial and conceivably be imprisoned at the end of all that? >> well, one has to face everything. but i will. i'm not that foolhardy so, therefore, i would like to see a correct environment where a political change as the second

and third political force is a possibility. and i would like to see that the cases are, to a degree, at a level where my movements are not restricted but i will face them. but i want my movement not to be restricted because i realized that unless they lead from the front, i wouldn't be able to generate the public support that i would require to be -- >> used to feel you could retire. you could go back to divide our land and live happily ever after. you still see yourself as -- >> i can retire. i'm very happy and enjoying coming to the united states. i love london and i love -- i ever accountable. i don't have to go back, i agree with you, robert, but pakistan is my passion, as i said. pakistan first. >> when americans try to make sense of our relationship with

your country, i think the dominant problem that we think of nowadays was the raid on the head course of osama bin laden in abbottabad. when you wrote about him 10 years ago, you supposed he was somewhere up in the border country. before that you were quoted as telling to decide who is probably dead. he turned out to be living in the town where you into military academy. it was an army down. what do you say to americans who recall the circumstances in which osama bin laden was living and say i cannot believe that he got away with that without some support on the inside of the pakistani government? he must've had some kind of help or response to help them live that long for that way. >> i don't think so. i did not, there is, that was

visible from either the intelligence or the government side. >> just the few short weeks away from perhaps most more election of our lifetime. the choice is very clear on deciding will be the next president of the united states. [applause] on the when and where the candidate, hillary clinton, who stand with working americans and their families on the issues. [cheers and applause] she has a plan to revitalize manufacturing through infrastructure program that will allow our economy to grow by creating and maintaining good jobs, raising wages and rebuilding struggling communities like ours. [applause] on the other hand, we have a candidate, donald trump -- [booing]

he talks of making america great by bringing back jobs, even though he outsources everything of his clothing line, his hotel furnishings and the steel and aluminum he uses to build and contract to build his buildings. [booing] that's right. you heard me. instead of buying an american steel and aluminum and keeping americans working in their communities and thriving, he bought chinese. [booing] not only to be used for materials but also tried to conceal that fact by making purchases through a series of shells and holding companies. when it comes to work are issues we have on the one that a candidate that will fight for collective bargaining rights and labor protection. [cheers and applause] as well as the higher standard for domestic sourcing and by american laws. the candidate wants to increase the minimum wage, that's hillary. [cheers and applause] on the other hand, we have a

candidate who has supported lost to weaken unions at every turn. in fact, he refused to bargain with workers in his own hotel in las vegas even after all his objectives were either withdrawn or dismissed and the union was certified as a bargaining agent. and donald trump doesn't want to increase minimum wage the fact he's even against having one. let's take a look at the issue on taxes. they have attacks by wants to the very rich pay more as way to pay for tax rates and expanded benefits for middle income families. [cheers and applause] trump's tax plan would benefit millionaires and billionaires at the expense of middle-class for the top 10 of 1% would give more tax relief than the bottom 60% of american taxpayers combined. [booing]

i could go on and on but the choice is clear. we don't want a pressured that's unqualified and hateful. we need a president with integrity that has vast expense of afford a domestic policy and a sense of duty and dedication to all americans. .. we can trust hillary to fight for us and for an economy that works for everyone, not just those and she has a plan to create jobs. [applause] so in closing, i

want to say one thing. it's an honor to introduce you to the next president of the united states, hillary rodham clinton . [applause] [music] >>. [applause] thanks.

[applause] thank you. thank you so much. wow. sounds like we've got some wayne state warriors here today. [applause] i am so excited to , so thrilled to be here today. [applause] did anybody see that debate last night?

[applause] you never saw anything like that before. it is great to be here with so many wonderful officials, i want to thank them. i know they've been off the queue. i appreciate in production that jim allen gave me and i'm proud to be introduced by thepresident of the steelworkers . [applause] i want to thank your senators, steve sabin out and garyjeter's . [applause] your members of congress, don conyers, debbie jingle, danny leavitt. i want to thank your wonderful mayor mike huggins. i want to thank county

executive lauren evans. it's exciting to be here for so many reasons, to be back here in detroit, to be at wayne state. president obama was pretty accurate when he was talking about how detroit is coming back. [applause] and that's thanks to a lot ofpeople . and it's going to really depend on the young people. on this university and this city to build a future that we can all not only be proud of but be part of. and i will tell you this, if i'm fortunate enough to be your president next january,

i will be your partner. [applause] but whether or not i get that chance depends on all of you and we are coming up to an important day. tomorrow, october 11, tomorrow is the last day to register to vote in michigan . so i'm hoping that all of you either are registered or you will before the deadline tomorrow and we have people all over the crowd with clipboards. we'vegot clipboards , you can help to register to vote. if you are registered but you have friends and family who aren't, i need you to convince them to register, go to their local clerks office. if you're not sure if you're registered or if you want to make sure, go to i will vote.com.

it's amazing, you can put your name in and your address to make sure you are registered so please do that. if you have an absentee ballot hitting at home, i hope you will fill it out and mail it in right away, don't put that off. there's a lot of important races, down ballot as well. and that's how we're going to win, by the biggest turn out that we have seen in a really long time. [applause] and the reason why it's going to be a big turnout is people really know what's at stake in this election. they are concerned as you heard jim say, the difference between me and my opponent are pretty clear area to paraphrase my friend michelle obama, one of us went high

and one of us went low. [applause] and i'll tell you, what's exciting to me is that we are getting more and more support, not just democrats but from independence and republicans. [applause] now, i believe you deserve something to vote for, not just something to vote against so last night when i got achance , i tried to speak directly to the questions that are on people's minds. and to share my vision of what we can do together.

>>. [chanting] hillary, hillary, hillary. >> i'll tell you what, donald trump spent his time attacking when he should have been apologizing. [applause] now, there are a lot of things he should apologize for, right west and mark and on friday, the whole world heard him talking about the terrible way he treats women. [booing] and last night, when he waspressed about how he behaved , he doubled down on his excuse that it's just locker room banter. to me, it was.

women and men across america no that is just a really weak excuse for behaving badly and mistreating people. now, i got to tell you though, we've seen this behavior all through the campaign from my opponent and unfortunately some people don't want to face it, but here's a man who has insulted not just women but african americans, latinos, people with disabilities, muslims , pows and so many more. [booing] so ... [laughter]

[cheering] you know, i do hope somebody follows that gentleman out and stages an intervention, he clearly has not been following this election very closely. but hey folks, we now know who donald trump is but the real question for us is who are we? i would argue we are not who he is. here in america, we are taught to and we should

respect each other. lift each other up. celebrate our diversity. that's the country that i know and love. and that's the country that this generation of young people are going to make even stronger, more open, more tolerant. [applause] i believe that we can do this. stronger together is not just a slogan for me, it's a blueprint for our future. i believe our economy should work for everyone, not just those at the top and i'm closing my campaign the way i started my career, fighting

for kids and families to make sure every single person in this country has a chance to go as far as your hard work and your talent will take you. [applause] you see, i believe the american dream is big enough for everybody. [applause] that's been the cause of my life. that will be the mission of my presidency, working to make your lifebetter . investing in you. focusing on those kitchen table issues that keep families up at night. you know what they are,the cost of college . the cost of childcare which in lots of places is as much as college. paying for health care, especially prescription drugs. how many of you already have

student get? that is going to be one of the first things i address. [applause] i've got to tell you, i am very proud of the plan that bernie sanders and i did together. [applause] senator sanders and i ran acampaign on issues, not insults and i'm very proud of that . and when it was over, we got together and we joined our ideas and said okay, number one we are going to help everybody who has debt to refinance your collegedebt . [applause] that will save you thousands of dollars, it will enable you to grow some of

your money forother things, wouldn't that be nice, right? and we're going to make college affordable . i've got to tell you, we don't really get any ideas that will help anybody else from last night. last night he admitted he hasn't paid a dime in federal income taxes in years area now apparently, the reason for that is he lost $1 billion in a single year. on bad investments and failing casinos. how do you lose money running casinos? [applause] you know, trunk

then said that just shows what a genius he is. it does take a certain kind of genius to lose $1 billion in a single year. but seriously, you know what that means? that means 04 pell grants. zero for the military. he hasn't contributed his fair share by any stretch of the imagination to support our country, he's been taking america with both hands and sticking the rest of us with the bill. because i believe that every single one of us in this room today has paid more in federal income taxes then donald trump has. [applause] now, last night he tried to cite warren buffett in it. it was like, i've never paid

income tax and maybe somebody else hasn't either, he mentionedwarren buffett. today, warren buffett put out a statement . for starters, warren buffett is still a billionaire. [applause] and you know, he put out a statement and it said this: i have to say, this is warren buffett talking, i pay federal income tax every year since 1944. when i was 13 years old. he says i have copies of all 72 of my returns and non-uses a carry forward which was the gimmick trump used to avoid

paying taxes and i love this, his last paragraph area finally, i have been audited by the irs multiple times and am currently being audited i have no problems releasing my tax information while under audit . [applause] then he concludes by saying, neither would mister trump and he would have no legal problem so if you're going to call out warren buffett, you'd better be prepared for him telling some good old fashioned nebraska honest facts about what the truth really is. and the other thing about

warren buffett is he agrees with me. rich people ought to be paying more federal income taxes to pay their fair share for our country. also last night, donald had no answer when confronted by the reports that he's been buying cheap chinese steel for construction projects. instead of american steel that supportsgood american jobs . he's gone all over michigan claiming to be on the side of workers, right? you've seen that, you heard that. especially i like the talk about how he supports american steelworkers. he even had the nerve to brag about how quote, american steel willsend new skyscrapers soaring and all the while he was hiding the truth . he went to great extremes to hide the fact that he chose

to support chinese workers, not american workers. [booing] you in michigan like a lot of places in our country no china has been bumping cheap steel into a market for too long and you seen the consequences of close because when china illegally floods our market with cheap steel and people like donald trump by it , it kills good jobs. it kills jobs here in wayne county, it kills jobs across michigan and lots of other places. that's why jim was out here introducing me because as steelworkers, they know this is a big deal. and how does trump look these workers in the eye? how does he brag about big tall buildings when it's putting american workers out of work, shutting down steel mills?

he needs to try to explain that, i think. and like everything else, it's not likely that he will. he will go on saying untrue things. i have some advice for trump. he wants to make america great again, start by buying american steel or his construction projects . but here's the other thing you need to remember because i assume some of you know people who might be thinking about voting for trump. and, i know, you do have to try. friends don't let friends vote for trump, that is exactly the case, right westmark . [applause] so if people

aren't worried about the fact that he pays no income tax, if they're not worried about how these misled people about buying steel, point out to them that he actually stood on a debate stage during the republican primary and said wages in america are too high. you know, i love it. he must forget that people have video and audio in 2016 and you can actually pull it out again and show people. last year he even suggested that us automakers, automakers and related industry employed 1.1 million people in michigan. even suggested that us automakers get production away from the michigan to communities where workers are paid less.

[booing] but nobody should be surprised because back in the great recession when billions of jobs across america hung in the balance, donald trump said the auto industry really didn't matter very much. he said and i quote again, let it go.i can't imagine that. i supported president obama's decision to rescue the auto industry in america. [applause] and just look, last year in 2015 the auto industry had its best year ever so ... [applause] so here's what we're going to do. we're going to stand up against practices like dumping illegal steel.

we are going to stand up for the proposition that investing in america's workers is not only the right thing to do, it's the smart thing to do. we're going to have the biggest investment in new jobs since world war ii, in infrastructure, i saw some laborers back there. our bridges, our tunnels, our ports, airports, our water system like in flint. we are also going to invest advanced manufacturing. i believe we can take good paying value added jobs away from not low-wage competitors but high wage competitors like germany if we put our minds to it. we could be the center of precision machining , printing, we could make a

real difference in creating advanced manufacturing, a manufacturing renaissance. [applause] and i think we can become the clean energy superpower of the 21st century. [applause] clean, renewable energy jobs, building a new modern electric grid able to take in and distribute clean energy. we can do this. let's finish the job of getting the entire country to the internet. there are too many places and too many poor families that are still not connected . let's do more to support offices, that's where two thirds of the new jobs will come from.

and because of the plan that senator sanders and i have worked on, we're going to make public colleges like wayne state tuition free for working families. [applause] if your family makes less than $125,000 per year, it will be tuition free. if it's over that, it will be tax-free so you will only pay what you can afford without going into debt. and if you already have student debt, we will help you refinance it and pay it back so you never have to pay more than you can afford and you can actually see how this would affect you, go to hillary

clinton.com/calculator because we have calculated how much money you individually can save under our plan. i'm really excited about this. we're going to rewrite the rules of our economy to create both more growth and more fairness so it's more broadly inclusive. [applause] because in addition to creating jobs, i want to raise the national minimum wage so if you work full time, you are not in poverty. i want to finally guarantee equal pay for women. [applause] and i want to do more than advise more companies to share their profits with employees, it's

to help make that profit, it should not be just executives who get to share in it. and we will end the cowboy culture in the corporate board rooms.were going to defend the.frank rules on wall street. were going to defend the consumer protection bureau, the consumer financial protection bureau. that was envisioned and largely created by my friend senator elizabeth warren. [applause] donald trump wants to get rid of the new rules on wall street and he wants to create thisagency that protects consumers from being cheated.that is so backward . and if companies try to ship jobs overseas, we are going to make them a back every penny and any tax benefit

they ever got. [applause] and how are we going to pay for it? we are going to pay for it by getting people at the top to pay their taxes. and we know how to do this. we had quite a back-and-forth last night because it was bizarre. donald trump's proposals have been independently analyzed. they will only help people like donald trump. they are the biggest tax breaks for the wealthy ever. they will raise taxes on millions of middle-class families. and you know, it doesn't

work. that's called trickle-down economics. it doesn't work for the vast majority of americans. we've got to make it clear as i have, i am not raising taxes on middle-class families. [applause] so there are so many contrasts between donald and me that it's hard to keep track of all of them. that's why i hope you will go to my website, hillary clinton.com.any issue you are interested in, we do have rid we've had literally contact by campaign on the website about this issue and i think i've got a good idea and we pay attention and contact people. we want the best ideas we can get from across america to make our country all we can be together. [applause] so there's a lot

of work to be done this is a time to come together in these last 29 days. we know very well that we've got to make good things happen in our country and i believe that with all my heart. i had a very blessed life and i am grateful for everything my family did for me but i will tell you this, it wasn't easy. mygrandfather on my dad's side was a factory worker. my dad was a small businessman , it was really hard. my mom was neglected as a child and it was only through the kindness of people that she got through her childhood and then she was working as a maid and a babysitter by the time she was 14 so i take none of this at all for granted. and i believe ... [applause]

america is an exceptional nation . we have so much to be grateful for. but we each have to do our own part. we each have to reach out with more kindness to others. i know there's been a lot of negativity and it's easy to get cynical about politics but i'll tell you what, that's what the other side wants you to do. they want you to say well, i'm not going to vote because it's so nasty. that's the reason to vote, to make it clear we are not putting up with that kind of attitude. and i'm going to reach out to everybody because the next 30 days will shape the next 30 years. and we hope, we really hope

that young people who represent the biggest voting group in this election ever ... [applause] i spend a lot of time talking with and listening to young people and i know that it is sometimes a little bit challenging to figure out what is going on? who should i believe? what do i need to know? trust your heart. trust your heart. because if we work together, we can make this country what we know it will be and should be so please help me, make

every phone call you can. knock on every door you can. go to hillary clinton.com and volunteer. we are going to prove to the world we are stronger together. love, trust, faith. thank you. [applause] [music]

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>> according to the detroit free press this is hillary clinton's first visit to michigan where the newspapers poll published on september 30 shows her up with an 11 point lead. they write that secretary clinton going 11 point 43 to 42 percent lead over mister trump a new poll which is the same as he had after a successful nominating convention in philadelphia in july and for outdistancing

last month's results on her three point lead over mister trump was within the poll's margin of error and suggested he might catch her in a state that has not had a republican nominee since 1988 . donald trump is holding a rally in cambridge pennsylvania, and started a short time ago, he's going to faculty and students at a local high school there.you can see live coverage on c-span. >> before the final debate between hillary clinton and donald trump, we're looking back at past presidential debates.this saturday at 8 pm eastern on c-span, the 1984 debate between president ronald reagan and former vice president walter mondale. >> we must understand we are a democracy. we are a government by the people and when we moved, it should be for very severe and extreme reasons that serve our national interest and end up with a stronger country behind us. >> i will not make age an issue of this campaign. i am not going to exploit for

political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience. >> then the 1988 presidential debate between vice president george hw bush and massachusetts governor michael dukakis. >> if you have a president who will work with the congress or the american people and steadily, 20, $25 billion a year, build economic growth, build strong people for america, invest in those things we must invest in, economic development, good jobs. >> i wish he would join me as a matter of fact in appealing to the americanpeople a balanced budget amendment to the federal government and for the line item veto. i'd like to have that line item veto for the president because i think that would be extraordinarily help . >> in 2008 debate with illinois senator barack obama and arizona senator john mccain.

>> the situation today cries out for bipartisanship. obama has never taken on the leaders of his party on a single issue. we need to reform so let's look at our records as well as our rhetoric. let's really part of your mistrust here. but were going to have to make investments but we've also got to make spending cuts and what i propose, you will hear senator mccain say he's opposing new spending but actually i am cutting more than i am spending so that it will be a netspending cuts. the key is whether or not we've got priorities working for you . >> watch last presidential debate saturday night at 8 pm eastern on c-span. watch anytime on the c-span.org and listen at 8 pm eastern on the c-span radio app. >> this week the communicators goes to pittsburgh to look at self driving cars. we talked with one of the nations keep self driving researchers at carnegie

mellon university and take a ride in the autonomous car the university is developing. >> rector ragunathan "raj" rajkumar of carnegie mellon university, what are we looking at? what is this? >> we are looking at a product which is capable of driving itself so it's a self driving car. >> if you look at the car, it looks pretty normal from here. >> it's a car that we literally bought new from a cadillac dealer strip in pittsburgh andoutfitted it with a bunch of sensors and computers , added software to it and it drives itself. >> you want to give us a ride? >> i would love to give you a ride, hop in. >> what's the main reaction you get from people riding in your car with this? >> the first reaction is one of anxiety, fear and

occasionally even panic attacks but then they basically watch that the vehicle is able to drive, it's actually stopping when it should stop. it's making the ride fairly comfortably and seems to recognize the degree of comfort. >> we learn more about the move to self driving cars and professor rajkumar at the lab where his experimental car is kept and worked on. >> doctor ragunathan "raj" rajkumar, what's your job here at carnegie mellon university? >> i am a professor of electronic engineering and robotics at carnegie mellon university. >> how do you get into this? >> i did my postgraduate studies and my masters at carnegie mellon university, then i left cmu, joined ibm

research and came back because i like what the university of pittsburgh has. >> what kind of things do you work on? >> i work on what are called embedded systems. these are things that embed computers inside them but the research basically uses a different device. for example, your smartphone is basically a device with computers inside them but you don'tknow , you don't buy the computers inside them. take the television for example. it has a computer inside it but it's meant to be a television. think about a projector, a computer has computers inside them but it basically has that device. that coaster we use on a daily basis, that has a small tiny computer inside it but

it's the embedded computer inside a coaster so basically these are embedded systems inside computers but it's really a different device of the time for the end user so i've been working on embedded systems since my doctoral and intelligent vehicles, those that drive themselves are a classical example of embedded systems so it's a car that carnegie mellon people from point a to point b, but it's inside computers embedded inside them. >> how did you get into the business of autonomous vehicles? >> great question.i've been working with general motors and the carmaker since 2004 area general motors has been working with researchers in our department since the year 2000 when i started working with gm workers on the floor, i started applying my experience in embedded systems into automobiles and

in 2006, the defense advanced research projects agency, the research arm of the us military and also competition, they wanted to accomplish the darpa urban challenge, for vehicles that drive themselves so that anybody in the car willing to drive for about 16 months in fewer than six hours,driving in urban like setting , in traction with other self driving vehicles as well as human vehicles and following the same rules of the road that you and i have to follow on a daily basis so for that competition, gm came our biggest partner and sponsor. we had others workers as well but gm was the biggest of them so because i had already had a strong working relationship with gm, i became an integral part of the team from cmu that worked on a vehicle which ended up

winning the competition as well, $2 million prize so that's how i got into automated vehicles and when our team from carnegie mellon on the competition, gm which was the biggest portion of the team said i want to sponsor the winning team and they said because it's uprising driving it clearly has implications for the passenger consumer vehicle market and that started a second lab on campus focusing exclusively onautomated driving and i've been running that lab as well . so that's how i got to do automated vehicles and started working for gm. our relationship with gm appears to be extremely strong and loyal. >>

there's one in the bumper here, right there. there's a third light on, on the other side as well. that is one behind the back window the car and there's one on the other side, exactly through that. >> what are they doing. >> they are sending out laser beams and when they see an object, they they bounce back to the transmitter and because we know the speed of light to

exactly escalate, we can actually get a full sight of what we actually just encountered because we can see what's happening. >> dr. roche, is this this called communicating with anybody but itself or anything but itself. >> it's capable of communicating with traffic lights, traffic signs and other similar radios. i also see some cameras inside the car. >> there are six laser centers above that are three cameras. there are two cameras, one on either side and one is pointed

downwards and is looking for lane markers on the road. the other camera is pointed up toward, the third camera at the back, you can see what's going on. there are also six cadillac emblems with a plastic logo. there's radar behind the bumper as well behind the bumper, the bumper is made of plastic. you can't see it from the inside

either. is this car seeing 360°. >> it degrees. >> it is seeing 360 degrees all the time. >> so professor raj, when you get in this car, what's different from the look from a regular cadillac? >> so we tried to make this car look normal on the outside and the inside. on the inside it pretty much operates and looks like a normal car, just like you put cars in airports and pick up the key and then the layout looks slightly different but able to drive. it's basically the same thing, you can get in manually and start driving.

it's an emergency start and the stick shift, think of this you would actually engage this to go into a thomas driving mode. he would look at the switch and pull it to get into a thomas driving mode. that's a very conscious action on the driver's part. >> is a star license to drive the streets of pennsylvania? >> they allow them to drive himself as long as it's satisfying that they are license human driver in the driver seat and number two humans can take over control at any point in time. if those two conditions are met, but this could drive as a normal car as well.

>> of course. let me just put this thing down, but if you don't have the time to do that,. [inaudible] this button here is for a bunch of sensors and workers and unless something totally unexpected happens, you have no idea what's going on knock on wood, what's the cost of all the

different systems? they are really one off units so they tend to be expensive way because of that. when the volume goes up, the cost will go down significantly. i thinking is when these are mass-produced it would add extra. [inaudible] >> you will give us a driverless ride. is it truly driverless? is that.

i'm driving manual for these. it says manual. a . out two things on the screen [inaudible] it's like flipping a switch, you can go back and forth. >> one of these images we are seeing. what you see on the screen, this display actually shows us what it's doing at any point in time so we can be comfortable.

kind of like a human vehicle when we know something isn't quite right. this i can actually launch, i can stop, i can go to the airport, go home or go to work. this will let you zoom in or zoom out. what you see and there are no lines on this parking lot. we drive along these lanes. there's a blue line that represents the map and then you see a green line there that is programmed. [inaudible] that is the gps device that

calculated. you also see a sharp line there. that is basically the car knowing the green line route, knowing the blue line it basically uses sensory data from the radar camera and this is where i'm going to drive. >> did you have to program every route ahead of time or can it go out onto a street it's never been on a had a time? >> and needs to have an map of the roads, a gps map. then you can basically tell the system where you want to go. it uses the map information and your location to calculate the

route just like a gps device. the redline is basically deciding. >> you see them here, a bunch of yellow dots, that's the white car and these colors correspond to that. all these white lights,. [inaudible] uses the isa nears, this case the laser and the camera are the eyes and ears of the vehicle. >> how far can it see. >> it can see about 175 meters. the scientific technology that

we discussed earlier is complication with. [inaudible] that can go out 600 meters. >> my thomas driving. >> does it ever make you nervous? >> anybody says do you feel a lot of anxiety. it's just a nonmoving action.

dallas are you okay back there. it turns on a turn signal. >> you told it where you wanted to go already. >> yes. >> all right so you did that. you hit the brakes. >> i did not. it hit the brakes. and knows the speed limit. >> yes exactly 25. the legal speed limit is 25. right now we have them behind us [inaudible] you have to do a little meandering in the lane. is that a fair assessment. >> it could be better, yes. >> but it's just reading constantly. >> yes.

[inaudible] i see that. okay, alright. how far have you come in 30 years? >> we have, very long way. is this vehicle constantly learning? this vehicle is not constantly learning but it's using the data

and the software. it's not learning as we drive but it's learning as we go. >> how did it know there was a stop sign. >> there was map indication about where the stoplights are. >> that was a car that did that. >> the car did it by itself, yes. >> it wasn't sherbet speed. >> yes. [inaudible] i take over manually and i push this down and it's back to manual mode. and it says its autonomous ready. >> can you do that on the fly. >> yes. >> autonomous driving. - it's it striving by itself again.