veteran organization is against privatization. v.a. needs to be reformed but not privatized. bergman: rebuttal. i know you were in iraqi to felt comfortable and secure because the marines were protecting us. [applause] but also anybody who was over there of those net security challenges you ask what they want that don't want big hospitals along way away they want health care that they can go with their family with a veteran oriented commission. >> moderator: your time is expired. johnson: risks my life for my country i did not given the green zone or the embassy. i was a civilian there to

help create - - create a political system. again he is trying to confuse you as he said in the past on the record was to shut down the of hospitals as a waste of money. he is in disagreement with every major service industry. privatization is not the answer. [applause] >> moderator: ladies and gentlemen please know applies. applies you each have to rebuttals each. >> moderator: produce stand on decoupling caps of military spending due to the sequester? >> we are in a jam because politicians cannot get along members of congress cannot get along. in fact, berger and says he's done some believe then compromise but that is precisely but cost sequestration.

we need congress to work on a bipartisan basis to get things done. and dad is precisely the member. but as far as sequestration in the shed not be applied to the military must keep our country. >> there should not be a cap on military spending but that doesn't mean the department of defense should study how accountable we donate $300.20 seats but ammunition and weapons to keep the service men and women safe. as far as compromise, i don't compromise. i will negotiate until the cows come home to make sure become up with a solution that either one could have envisioned but the greater good of our country because we negotiated in good faith across party lines that is

what i plan to do leggett to washington d.c. to reach across the party lines to make sure become up with the best solutions for our country. >> where do you stand on refugees settlements? day believe the u.s. property vetting refugees from syria? >> we have a challenge in this country. and there are those but leave need to know flu is american trade and who has a plan. those that are forced but there is a better place and the safer and closer place for them to return to their

homeland when the situation in his right the need to know who is in our country and we will fight for what we believe is right but we need to secure the borders. johnson: by believe we need to reform our immigration policies to keep the same and the economy functioning. to increase border patrol funding to give agencies more authority. number two, we need to oppose amnesty by encouraging all we have is the illegal behavior have hundreds of thousands of people covering to your country but after 9/11 t h. as was funded to do so ended has not.

>> moderator: access to rule health care is a concern across the first congressional district many lose travelers for their care so what steps should be taken across the district? johnson: first fund critical access hospitals we have one dozen where that means hospitals that are in the rural areas and make sure they continue to get federal funding for that. and by a poet has said to privatize medicare. you pay for it if we do that would drive up the cost of health care to make that more difficult for them

third, a lead to the of the customer to go get a straight lines that just be limited to what is available in michigan. >> affordability health care act almost has decimated rule health care. it is not affordable also politicians have made it worse because of medicare has increased we have seven and its $16 billion to pay for the affordable health care think we can do with that kind of money and increase the premiums have forestall businesses to take employees on to the market insurance companies are getting out of the exchanges and small business and middle-class cannot afford the affordable health care act. id needs to be repealed and replaced with something that

works with rural health care so hospitals can't provide dell lovell of care in the rural area that the physicians and the patience can both say that is the best kept going forward this is where we disagree. johnson: wants to move medicare into a voucher program is 1% overhead cost forces 6%. it works. made to strengthen medicare banneker she. that would drive down but handover wet etch you have turned to but that is what you worked for. >> my opponent has basically

said in an interview he is proud of obamacare and what he has accomplished. very recently former president clinton said it is the craziest thing i have ever seen and it does not work. with bill clinton says is that we know it has to be true. [laughter] >> moderator: >> gun violence makes a lot of headlines right now and there is a rich fire arms tradition house depot's addressing the issue of gun violence? >> i swore but i industry and what violence is when

henry need to make sure the second amendment maintains strength and is up for negotiation those mason we need to amend this but guess what? we need to support the fact we have the right to keeping and bear arms irresponsibly that is what our country is about. johnson: if you carried a weapon in the war we have harrison said responsibility here and why i will work to protect and i was indorse prided trade dudes fabric protect our second amendment rights. that being said behalf collector andrea who need to increase mcauliffe and prosecutions of those who

break the law with guns. >> moderator: a rebuttal? bergman: my opponent says one things to the detroit to area about agreeing with all of president obama is plants on control. so there is a of a little contrast in the of message so please the university of michigan football players made headlines by raising their fists shot off there are plenty of ways to ypres the third two hours chips -- but not as they continue.

bergman: it is leadership and a disrespect. we have the country of responsibilities of citizenship. . . it is a problem for big cities and small communities that many the smaller smaller communities do not have the resources to combat the issues. what are your proposals?

bergman: the number one good family environment, good decision-making, young men and women who know the difference we make a decision in a bad decision. the family basis, it's the faith faith basis as of the community basis that helps these youngsters understand this is not the right way to go. we need to provide services to the extent where they can understand that they need to live a greener life because they won't let a long life if they continue. i believe this is an area that should be handled at the state and local levels. the federal government really doesn't necessarily understand the differences between usage in one area, stayed as opposed to another area the country. i think ordination between state and local agencies goes a long way towards helping these youngsters get straight in life. it's a challenge and it's a problem. johnson: ichetucknee share. prosecuted these are people

coming from all walks of life. these are people who are from church families and good families. opiate addiction is a massive problem. we have to address that and we have to give it everything we have at the federal state in the local to work together to do this. in part we have a drug problem because people work their entire lives, hard jobs construction military physical jobs and a blown out an year plug her shoulder. they have gone to doctor and the drug companies push opiates upon them. these drug companies push opiates upon them and all of a sudden they are addicted. we need to start working with our drug companies to get them to fund the treatment programs that are needed. we have a massive opiate problem. talk to any judge, tucked in a prosecutor in any sheriff and it will take all hands on deck including especially the federal government to go after them. >> moderator: we will start with mr. johnson. >> the typical college student graduates with nearly $30,000 in

student loan debt. how do we change this? johnson: first off we have to start funding our universities. state and federal funds towards our universities have been continuously reduce which is pushing the cost further on the students. number two we have to lower students to refinance their debt they are graduating with an enormous amount of debt and they are therefore not being able to participate fully in our economy and not by house and not get married and not purchase a paid in our economy. that's a real problem in terms of our local economy. third we have to attack this problem the same way we did with the g.i. bill. you will hear from my opponent that while the federal government has no role in education. he was also paid to work for a poor for-profit education outfit that later went belly-up. you know if the federal government plays a role in making sure that colleges affordable and we increase our

funding for students in college. >> moderator: general. >> folks we do have a problem with college. i would suggest the student loan program as it exists today the next sub-prime mortgage crisis waiting to blow up the fact of the matter is college tuition has risen at the rate it does because government is the source of easy money. why not? colleges raise tuition and student debt is up. what happens eventually? it collapses under its own weight. the reality, the reality of it is that we need an education system in this country that is affordable, that gives the government out of printing the free money to replace the prices because the student ends up shouldering the majority. when they can't shoulder it you shoulder the load because they default. >> moderator: speaking of default jack bergman when he was

living in we asked anna -- louisiana works for a company called him a d.c.. are now penniless. they produced a for-profit university system. we have enough location to invest in people not to send our dollars off to corporate wall street and get wasted there. we have $174 million going to colleges in the first congressional district. this notion that the federal government can invest in our college kids and into our students is wrong. it was good enough for the g.i. bill and to do it again. >> moderator: candidates you both used your rebuttals. crisply start with general bergman. >> michigan is number two in the nation in terms of human trafficking. what should be done to combat human trafficking? bergman: i know i don't have near bottles left but the bottom line is he at his information wrong on the first and with my role with edm c. but that's okay

that's a political operatives do. the twist in a turn and they deceive so the point is human trafficking is related ann joined if you will with how we handle our immigration policies in how we handle our law enforcement policies, how we handle all of those issues that allow us to understand who is in our country and for what reason so they don't have law enforcement or immigration agencies talking across-the-board to understand where the people are coming from, how they are overstating their visas and how they are here illegally then you don't have a program to ensure that human trafficking is minimized. it is day on, stay on and it will be here as long as we allow to be here. we have to step on it. >> moderator: mr. johnson. johnson: we need to work with department justice the department of homeland security and immigration services to go after this. we have individuals bringing

young women into this country under false pretenses and sent sent -- essentially enslaving them. the massive problem across this country and we need a federal response to work with our county sheriffs in our local police forces to combat this and recognize it when they see it. when someone is arrested and understanding oftentimes local police forces do not understand the young woman or the mail that was arrested as part of building. we have to give our local law enforcement the training and the funds to address that. >> moderator: mark please direct your question to mr. johnson. >> gentlemen who have been directly mention this topic. the first congressional district has a rising number of retirees and more of retirees and more of them who relied social security and many aren't certain about its future. what should be done about social security for this and future generations? johnson: 's social security is a promise that was made to you.

you deserve a member of congress to make sure that promises kept. social security has been there through wars, through recessions and stock market crashes. we have to make sure that promises kept. the answer is not voting social security off to wall street in the answer is not to privatize it. my opponent said straight to the camera when asked reform our privatize and his answer was privatize. i do not believe that. that is wrong. we do need to make sure that it skips all then, we need to make sure that every person pays into social security to receive the. we can lift the cap off 118,000 when you pay social security you no longer taxed after 118,500. you can lift that off we will make sure social security remains solvent for the next 50 years. >> moderator: general? >> seniors out there in the audience tonight you're out there on television -- in

television land your benefits have not been changed. you have paid in your entire working career. you deserve it, you earned it and you'll get it. but when you think about the long-term of how we are trying to shape this world or our kids and our grandkids, how do we ensure that social security is there for them. we don't have the opportunity to continue that program as it exists today because under the current rules it will be dead, unfunded. the bank will be empty and 2032. we need to make sure that whatever the social security is of the future needs to look like in some cases defined contribution plans today where u.s. and individual control the risk of your investments so that you get the return on your money that you want. >> moderator: next please direct your question to general bergman. >> congress has a low approval rating. why is this? bergman: thank you.

you are sending the wrong kind of person to be your congressman. the bottom line is if all you have ever done in life is be a political insider and have worked in a system whichever system doesn't make any difference which party, the bottom line is that is all you know. why should you have a high approval rating? you are not doing anything. we need members of congress actually have experience in various forms of leadership roles so they can learn to work together like good business leaders do. they are held accountable and responsible for their actions and folks when you cast your vote you need to make sure that the person that you are electing is not going there just to get another promotion on their career political ladder but for someone who really wants to go there and do the job for you the constituents. that's what would make the ratings go up.

>> moderator: mr. johnson. johnson: we need to bring compromise and stability back in that takes leading by example and we have with 18 years of congress and bart stupak. he rolled up his sleeves and work on a bipartisan basis to get things done. you can't work with other members of congress without questioning their motives. we have got to work with both sides to get things done in the country. i have disagreed in my party over the 2nd amendment. i worked with sunni and shiite and i think the mailing candidate here who has the united mine workers and the sierra club's endorsement. it's about working together and setting aside their partisanship and rolling sleeves and getting the job done. >> moderator: beckoned with the question portion. gemini to have 60 seconds for concluding remarks.

general you are first. bergman: thank you everyone for being here tonight. i'm a proud united states marine and i love our country deeply. that's why it decided to step up november the eighth you have a choice. the good news is the choice is clear. do you want leaders with outsider experience or do you want more political operatives to represent you? you want a straight talking marine corps general or do you want a partisan political operative? do you operative? do you want someone with experience in accountability that is a general officer commanding thousands of troops in airline captain took responsibility for lives on a daily basis and who is still a small business owner. my opponent was the chairman of the democratic party. that's his resume. we need to repeal obamacare. we need to secure our borders, protect the middle class and i humbly ask for your vote.

voting is the sacrifice of the men and women have served. thank you god bless you and god bless america. >>moderator:mr. johnson. johnson: thank you to the audience were participating tonight. tonight we heard clear difference between myself and jack. jack jack on all fronts want to take what you have earned a lifetime working poor, your social security your va benefits and allow corporations to come in and profit off of that. that's wrong. i don't believe in that. in terms of creating -- jack want to take our tax money and shipped off to wall street. i believe we need to invest in us. we need to invest in our people and our land to create a place where families can succeed and bring high-speed internet and mobile cell phone across the district to bring passenger rail system. we need a member of congress that's going to look five, 10 and 15 years ahead. as a kind of member of congress i will be for you and i appreciate your consideration of your vote on november 8.

thank you very much. >>moderator:we like to thank the candidates for their participation. gentleman good luck in your campaigns. would like to thank northwestern michigan college for hosting us this evening. i like to think that colleagues kristin low, nick my not for the wonderful work they have done this evening. thank you it home for joining us. make sure you watch their late news for reaction to this debate and all the days breaking news. continued the conversation type oscar you think won the debate. log onto our facebook page of facebook.com/-- would like to salute our military. law enforcement firefighters and emts and other emergency personnel for service to our communities and our nation. i am mark hyman, good night. [applause] [applause]

[applause] now navy secretary ray mabus on his top priorities for the navy and marine corps. he spoke at the national press club on issues including shipbuilding, energy security and personnel retention. this is just over an hour.

[inaudible conversations] >> levant the national press club. my name is thomas burr and in the washington correspondent for the "salt lake tribune" and the 109th president of the national press club. our guest today is the two the 75th united states secretary of the navy that it would like to welcome our public radio and c-span audiences and i want to remind you follow the action on threes in the hashtag and pc life. now it's time to introduce our head table guests. i would ask each of you to stand in the name is announced. please hold your applause until i finished with the entire table. from your right the publisher of stars and stripes. pat post assistant managing

editor of -- daily. the editor at defense and aerospace reports. chris coppa's neighbor warfare reported offenses. michael phelps former naval officer and publisher of the "washington examiner." ted ogle chief of staff to the secretary of the navy. catherine skiba former chair of the press club speakers committee in washington correspondent for the "chicago tribune". skipping over a speaker for just a moment the honorable john warner former secretary of the navy and united states senator from the commonwealth of virginia. kevin was saying a retired navy captain of press club speakers committee member who organized today's events. michael smith correspondent of "the new york times." eric melzer news production specialist at the "associated press" and sean bowen present if the weather group llc. thank you all. [applause] also a quick thank you to

special guests and adding former secretary of the navy john dalton and former acting secretary of the navy. thank you gentlemen. [applause] our guest today is ray mabus the 75th united states secretary of the navy and the longest to serve as leader of the navy and marine corps since world war i. with an annual budget in excess of $170 billion in all of 900,000 people under his leadership secretary mabus has focused on improving the quality of life for sailors and decreasing the department's dependence on fossil fuels. the estrogen partnerships with industry, assured international counterparts of engagements work to deter the adversaries and increase the size of the navy's fleet. leading the world's only global navy mabus has visited over 150 countries and territories in all 50 states beating with sailors and marines deployed or stationed around the world maintaining and developing international releases.

under his tenure the navy has changed its personnel policies making promotions more merit-based. mabus are first to the are first decline in chip count and directed navy marine corps to change the way they use energy setting a goal of relying on alternative sources for these 50% of their energy by 2020. in june 2010 president obama added his to his duties by charging with preparation of a long-term recovery plan for the gulf of mexico following the deep water horizon oil spill. a native of ackerman mississippi mabus served as that state's governor from 1988 to 1992. in 1994 present the lens and named him u.s. ambassador to the kingdom of saudi arabia. today on the ws navy's 241st birthday he will provide us with a state of the navy and marine corps. please give a warm national press club welcome to secretary mabus. [applause]

>> tom, thank you so much. thank you to the national press club. thank you all for being here today. i do want to single out the people that you've are introduced but three of my best. [inaudible] these are three of the finest public servants you will ever meet. [applause] and i'm talking about john warner the person, not john warner of the -- i don't know if

anyone in this club has noticed but there is an election going on. [laughter] and with that election it will bring a new administration and i think that now is a very appropriate time to take the measure of who we have done in this administration, what we have accomplished in the navy and the marine corps. institutions that are founded on tradition, the legacy and the continuity but also on change and adaptability. to quote one of her former chief of naval operations, our navy has both the tradition in the future we look at pride and confidence. that's what i'm going to do today. as tom said give you the state of the navy. to demonstrate how the actions that we have taken over the last

seven and a half years will ensure that the future of our navy and marine corps will be as bright as its storied past. in his poem the laws of the native british admiral roland hopgood wrote, on the strength of one leaf in the cable dependent the mic of the chain who knows when by may be tested so live that out bear the strain. we have been tested. among the challenges when i came into office we had a shrinking fleet and a very bad economy. we have had our hands tied by sequestration and it continues to hang around to make our planning very difficult. oil dependency and volatility

threatened operations and training that was costing lives and bad laws and an antiquated personnel system limited our ability to a track and retain america's most talented young people. all of this, all of this happened during rising threats, a far more complicated world and an ever-increasing demand for naval forces. and yet i am confident that when history looks back on this tenure, it will find that we not only for the strain but that we fixed the cable. we set the course for many additional strong links of the chain in the years and decades ahead. at every place we have got one of these.

an old trifold with a small selection of the achievements we have made across a wide range of priorities. there is going to be a test later so i urge you to look at it. they are all important. i think they are all meaningful but today i'm going to concentrate on three things. shipbuilding, energy and people. there is a saying that 80% of success is just showing up and now that i have shown up, longer than any secretary since world war i as tom mentioned, i guess i could claim some success just based on that. but that shouldn't be the standard, it's not the standard. for me and particularly not for our navy and marine corps. the standard isn't has to be way

higher. we have never just shown up. when john paul jones defeated the british in their own back yard in 1779, to win marines planted the flag on top of mt. surabachi in 19452 in president kennedy had a naval quarantine of cuba and avoided nuclear war 1962 to win president obama relied on carrier-based naval aviation as his only strike option against isis for 54 days in 2015. the u.s. navy and the u.s. marines unique way and without lapse have provided presence around the globe and around-the-clock. and to take this one step further, we don't just show up. we are already there. that unrivaled advantage on,

above and beneath the sea ensures stability, reassures allies, deters adversaries and gives our nation leaders a lot of options in times of crisis. i called the navy and marine corps americas awaiting because sailors and marines equally in times of peace or war are not in the right place at the right time. they are in the right place all the time. we are the away team because we never get a home game. we don't want a home game that we are there and there is no next best thing to being there. in every case, from combat to irregular warfare to humanitarian assistance and disaster leaf navel assets get there faster and we stay on the station longer and we bring everything with us and because we are operating from sovereign u.s. territory we don't have to

ask in the other countries permission to get the job done. now to get that presence we have to have great holes on the horizon. quantity has a quality all its own. to say that the navy is too focused on building ships is really to admit an ignorance of its purpose. we are the navy. we need ships. we need enough ships to do every job that we are given. i have made shipbuilding one of my top priorities and we have dramatically reversed the decline in the size of the fleet in 2001, u.s. navy had 316 ships seven years later in 2008 we were down to 270 ships. during that seven years the navy puts 41 ships under contract, not enough to keep our fleet

from continuing to shrink and not enough to keep her shipyards going. i have been there a little over seven years now so it's an absolute comparison. the seven years that i've been there we put 86 ships under contract. we have done so at the same time that we have increased aircraft purchases by 35% and we have done it all with a smaller top line. our efforts and i want to stress here that those efforts have been supported by congress, guarantee that just with the ships under contract, just with the ships we have got out there under contract under construction today we will will get to pander chips by 2019 and we will get to our current assessed need of 308 ships by 2021. it takes a long time.

takes a long time to reverse the consequences of a shrinking fleet. but by implementing just basic business practices fixed-price contracts multiyear buys, stable requirements, we have increased the numbers while driving down the costs of virtually every type of ship. i will give you a couple of examples. on her combat ships the cost has decreased by nearly half. in contrast to those polls contracted prior to 2009. while the cost is gone down the capabilities have gone up. we are upgrading the design significantly increase lethality and survivability and because of their enhanced counters surface counter submarine capabilities in contributing to our strike operations we are designating

the future ships spurred its. the ddd 51 destroyers is another example of a very successful shipbuilding program. 62 of the ships are currently operating in the fleet. today we are in the fourth year of a multiyear procurement and thanks to competition and also thanks to hard work and her shipyards that bbg 51 multiyear contract is saving more than 2 billion dollars over its predecessors. the same thing with submarines. in april 2014 we awarded the biggest contract the navy has ever warded $18 billion for 10 virginia attack submarines. now these submarines cost $2 million apiece. this is doing math in public but

we paid for nine and we got 10. it's like having one of those punch cards. by nine subs and gets her tenth one free and we have done it. finally. everyone needs one of these punch cards. in all domains and we have increased the focus on this establishing a deputy assistant secretary of the navy for unmanned and an office on the navy staff in 99 designed specifically to coordinate all the unmanned programs. and as these manned and unmanned platforms join the fleet we are quipping them all but the most at aunts technologies, things like laser weapons and calming

things like rail guns. we have protected research and development in science and technology dollars so that we will continue to have the technological edge. i don't ever want to send marines and sailors into a unfair fight. our efforts to rebuild the fleet have benefited more than just the navy and marine corps. american workers build maintain and repair our platforms. tens of thousands of skilled employees are employed by or public shipyards. 400,000 u.s. jobs are tied to wreck we ran directly to the maritime industry and 41 million jobs, 41 million jobs are tied to international seaboard train.

for every job created in shipbuilding almost three other jobs are created in other parts of the economy and since 2009 we have created 8000 new jobs in our shipyards. these are american manufacturing jobs with an average salary of more than 75 thousand dollars. the overall impact of shipbuilding and maritime trade was so great that the industry, the shipbuilding industry produce more than $25 billion from labor income and $37 billion in gdp in 2015. when these platforms get to the fleet they protect the sea lanes and through the sea lanes 90% of the world's trade built every

year, $9 trillion every year. these are facts. as casey's single used to say, you can go look it up, the fact is that the focus on shipbuilding has produced undeniably substantial tangible benefits for our navy and marine corps, for american industry and american workers and for america. it has advanced our own economy and the local economy and contributed to international security in a way that benefits every american. but increasing fleet size is only part of the equation. we have to have them at the right place. we have to have them all the time to provide presence. the way that we do that with

ships, with aircraft and sailors and marines is by the energy we use. when i came in 2009 we were having to make choices between operational, between operations overseas and training here at home. and worst of all we were losing a marine killed or wounded for every 50 convoys of fuel were brought into afghanistan which is way too high a price to pay. now the price of oil has eased up but over time if you look at it, it's going one direction only and that is up. as recently as the last few days open act has announced new negotiations on supply restrictions to get prices back up and while the final outcome

of those negotiations in the short term remains unknown for the first time russia has shown a willingness to cooperate and speaking of russia we only have to look at what happened in crimea and what russia did to ukraine to see how energy can be used as a weapon. and that's why i take action to reestablish the department of the navy as a world leader in energy and energy innovation and the reason was to make us better warfighters. our navy and marine corps a vice been on the cutting-edge of energy innovation. we lead in the transition from the sale of coal from coal to oil, for the use of nuclear for transportation. in that tradition it was clear

that we have to lead and the transition to alternatives in order to maintain the edge that we had to have. as i said first and foremost we have done this to be good warfighters but we can't ignore the effects of climate change. as new routes open to the arctic , in the art, as sea levels rise, as storms increase in intensity, the navy and marine corps are the first responders and our responsibilities increase. we also have to lead in response to climate change. so in 2009, i set said a number of very specific. ambitious energy goals. the most significant of which is that by no later than 2020 at least half of all naval energy would come from non-fossil fuel sources. president obama reiterated the

sure part of that whole in his 2012 state of the union saying the navy would get 50% or 1 gigawatts of our energy from non-fossil fuel sources by 2020. so how are we doing? we got the 50% on shore last year, five years early. today, on our shore installations, we get more than 1.2 gigawatts of energy out of our total 2 gigawatt requirement for alternative sources. we are also on pace to meet our goals at "cnn" error. in just seven years the great green fleet was tested and deployed. a strike group were all the ships were sailing on either

nuke leer or blended biofuels. our biofuels are high and feels. we are not changing anything. they don't take any land out of production and they are cost competitive with traditional fuels. in other countries following suit in other industries are following suit. at the rim of the pacific this past august, nine different countries blended biofuels from one of our ships and in june i was in the mediterranean on a u.s. destroyer next to an italian oil are taking italian biofuel onto the u.s. destroyer while on the other side of the oiler was an italian frigate taking blended auto fuels at the same time.

the geostrategic example of that use is in singapore. there is an oil refinery. owned majority by the chinese. write down the road isn't biofuel refinery owned by the finns. i do not want to be dependent on china, on fuel in the western pacific. i want to have that option. i want to have a choice of doing something else and the civilian side is following along. jetblue just announced a 10 year -- with biofuels. alaskan air, ups, fedex all flying at least part of the time on biofuels.

now there were those who criticized the price we paid for a small amount of biofuels we bought in 2012, our first demonstration. the same folks are strangely violent. after he brought operational quantities this year as part of a regular fuel for less than $2.14 a gallon. a price that is absolutely competitive with conventional fuel. and the marines, and when you first think of murray's you don't think of ardent environmentalist probably. the marines have led the way in alternative energy like using the braces as marines walk or march which they have a tendency

to do, the movement of their lakes transfers into energy to power things like radios and gps and in parallel to the types of energy per well both turned its we have gone after fission's ease, changing the whole culture of energy consumption in the navy and marine corps. the recommendation of a navy chief for retrofitting all of our ships with l.e.d. lights as they come through the shipyard. just doing that, changing it saves 20,000 gallons of fuel per year per destroyer. we have also invested in technologies like hybrid electric drives that enable ships like the uss makin island

did not only increase its time on station by more than a third, it was 44 days longer than any ship would do to bring home almost half of our fuel budget when she came back. and those combined efforts in alternatives and efficiencies have produced what i think a lot of people would have thought were unimaginable results we started. ashore, by switching, we saved $90 million. we have gotten $60 million in energy upgrades and 22 million tons of carbon dioxide have been abated. along with our work at sea our initiatives as a whole have contributed to a reduction in oil use 15% of the navy and 60%

by the marines. now to be fair, part of that drop for the marines was largely out of two lindfors but that is clearly not the only reason that oil consumption is that far down. but as impressive as the statistics are and i think they are pretty impressive, they are not what matters. what matters is how the statistics influence our ability to provide that presence that i talked about. these efforts are making our seal teams far more stealthy to the point that they are getting close to netzero in terms of both energy and water. they are using alternative energy in the field to purify water so they can stay out far longer. it's making them reads more

agile. despite giving them roll up solar panels to put in their pack they are saving 700 pounds of batteries per company that they don't have to be resupplied and our basis are more resilient if we ever have an attack on our grid these are the real impacts of our efforts to give the united states a strategic advantage in operational flexibility. finally having the right number and the right type of ships and the means to get them where they are needed and he will fall short if you are the sailors and marines who can offer the diverse as required to solve today's very complex problems. perspective and diverse being the important words. from one perspective, it's critically important.

we were talking about before during lunch about one of the great privileges and also the great responsibilities of being secretary of the navy is to name and to honor the people in the traditions that has sustained the navy and the marine corps for 241 years. that is why i have named ships after nine medal of honor recipients, to navy cross recipients, individuals who have flawed in many cases died sacrificing for american values. from another perspective, it's equally important to honor those american values themselves. our founding fathers set up to form a more perfect union acknowledging the american experiment that challenges us to

live up to the principles every day established in the declaration of independence and the constitution. that is why in accordance with long-standing naval tradition of establishing conventions for naming new classes of ship and naval support ships for non-military i have also named eight ships in honor of civil rights and human rights heroes. people like medgar evers cesar chavez, john lewis, harvey milk, earl warren, lucy stone, sojourner truth. americans who have fought and who have also died off in pursuing our most sacred values, justice, freedom, equality. one of those ships that i named last month was the u.s. robert

s. -- robert f. kennedy if they can the library. when i named -- if i was reminded of a george bernard shaw quote that robert kennedy used a lot. they're those who look at things the way they are and they ask why. i dream of things that never were and i ask why not. when i became secretary of the navy in 2009 there were a lot of things i encountered that day the question, why not? at that time openly americans were not allowed to serve in the military. why not? in the navy women were permitted to serve aboard submarines or in the river reefs or in the seals. why not? in the marines, women were not exempted in the ground combat roles. why not? on the campuses of harvard

columbia gail princeton in our rotc has been gone for decades. why? why not? bring it back. in every case as is always the case or nearly always the case with these kinds of questions there wasn't a good answer. so i strongly support the repeal of "don't ask don't tell" that led the implementation of the navy and the marine corps. also in 2010 openserver some submarines and riverine squadrons to women. i called for an increase in female midshipmen at the naval academy and advocated for opening all combat specialties to women across the navy and marine corps which happened this past january. and working with the presence of harvard yale princeton and columbia we brought the rotc

back to those campuses. at the same time we established naval rotc units at rutgers and arizona state to the most diverse campuses in our country. we are doing this not for diversity sake but a diverse forces a stronger force. it's a dangerous one for the military to think too much in the same way. it's a dangerous thing for a military force to become too predictable. a more predictable force is a more defeatable force. and every time we open our services up, every time from the time we desegregated in late 40s after opening ground combat issued every time we have

become stronger. it's also dangerous when there is too big a gap in a democracy between those doing the protecting and those being protected. our pursuit of diversity in thinking, diversity and experience, diversity and background gives us strength and guarantees our navy and marine corps a vote reflected love and representative of the nation they defend. but as we have opened up our opportunities for everyone to serve in no case are we lowering standards. lowering standards is unacceptable, except the ball under the law unacceptable to me in unacceptable to every leader in the military because not only would it endanger sailors and marines that it would endanger the security of our nation. while there is no good argument

to lower standards there is also no good argument to bar anyone who has met those standards from serving alongside sailors and marines and every climb and place. if a person qualifies for service pack and we possibly say that they cannot share in the honor of defending this country because of the shape -- the shade of their skin, the color of their skin or because of who they love? we can't, we shouldn't and now we don't. the story that brought this home to me, i've been to afghanistan 12 times. one of those trips i went through kurdistan where we had a big base and everybody coming into or out of afghanistan usually transmitted through the air.

and i spoke to about 800 sailors and marines about half coming in than half coming home and after the all hands call my first-place petty officer came up and sort of hung around afterwards and he said i just want to thank you and everyone who was involved for repealing "don't ask don't tell." i've been in the navy for 12 years. he had just finished his third combat tour, third combat tour in afghanistan and iraq. three combat tours in at his biggest fear was that he was going to be found out and made to leave the service that he loves. how wrong is back? how wrong is back?

recruiting more divorce force has to be followed by retaining, developing and advancing that for so we have implemented the most sweeping reforms and personnel policies since my cno elmo zumwalt and the late 60s, early 70s. seven years ago we were losing too many people especially women because we weren't doing all that we could to uphold the healthy working environment. sailors and marines who often had to choose between service and family. too rigid career path to stifle professional development. time and service was the primary determinant of advancement in our operations tempo was very high and also very and predictable. so we have taken deliberate steps under an initiative called

21st century sailor marine to foster professional, supportive inclusive work place and we are absolutely committed to senior leadership to combating the crime of sexual assault which is why i have created sexual assault prevention and response officer for reports regularly to me. we have increased protections for sailors and marines suffering from traumatic brain injury and ptsd. pinging -- too many times they were administratively discharged for some bad act and the bad act to precedence over whether they had ptsd or tbi. and they were given bad papers when they left so they couldn't get any help once they got out. we have reversed that.

before you can be discharged administratively we are going to test you to see if you have got tbi or ptsd. you still may be administrative we discharged when you leave, he will leave with the paper that allows you to get help through the va, to the systems that we have got out there in place and taking a bigger view of help we have revamped physical fitness test, making them more realistically aligned with the jobs we do and we are trying to promote healthier lifestyles by culture fitness and by better nutrition. and part of taking care of sailors and marines is making it easier for them to take care of themselves and their families so we have made career plans a lot more flexible. one example which we have just dramatically expanded its the career and mission pro. it can take up to three years

off. you os two for one back but you can take up to three years off or anything. have a family, look after a loved one domick get a degree and when they return they are not penalized but rather they compete with those who are similarly situated. with extended childcare for two hours on each end and triple pay maternity pay for 18 weeks. one of the things we are trying to do is says the journal said a nation that draws to brought distinctions between its scholars and its warriors will have its thinking done -- will have its thinking done by

cowards. so we are expanding educational opportunities. we are expanding training opportunities and expanding opportunities in the industry and to tap into that innovative culture. we have also established a task force innovation. we are getting ideas. they're coming up in being voted on europe crowdsourcing platform. up to this cno to me to the senior leadership and we are funding them and things like ceos able to meritorious would would -- [inaudible] and if they don't use the whole 5% it goes back into a pool. so my time in this job is coming to an end. after i leave here today i start a series of visits to our fleet

concentration and our shipyards hampton roads san diego late port washington state great lakes lucerne to see the people left on the work, made the changes and build the ships and a navy talk give them a bravo zulu, well done. i do this and i will depart in a few months knowing that this administration has taken the necessary steps to ensure that our navy has never been stronger we are getting the right number of platforms to meet our mission we are using energy to deliver way that has made this warfighters. we represent the rapist people that america has to offer, the absolute best in the world. i'm going to finish with a quote from an asian chief of the navy

when he said that the difference in soldiers and sailors and soldiers sea lines on the map. they see obstacles and sailors look out. they look to the horizon. they don't see any obstacles. they see that horizon i want to know what's over it. so looking to that horizon, looking ahead i'm confident the policies we have enacted and the decisions we have made and the priorities that we have set your nt that our navy and our marine corps will remain the greatest expeditionary fighting force the world has ever known far into the future as the eye can see. from the navy always courageous from the marines sempre fi, always faithful. thank you all. [applause]

[applause] [applause] >> thank you mr. secretary. we have a few questions for you here and buy a few them in quite a few quite a few and we have 50 minutes left so we'll try to run through as many as we can. first off some developing news a u.s. ship was fired on outside of yemen on sunday. can you shed any light on what the measures are being done about that? >> the ship took, i'll put it this way the appropriate set of measures. it's still looking into exact we

who is responsible although it came from a loosely controlled region and i that which is quote with a pentagon spokesman said. the people who attacked or attempt to attack u.s. navy ship do so on their own. who asked that question? i have a tradition of first question gets going. >> i believe that question came from "cnn." >> okay, here we go. the question from the audience as well who poses the biggest threat to the united states and the nation and how would you. it? isil, china, russia north korea or iran and do we have a big enough navy to confront all these challenges at the same time? >> well, i'm not going to get in the business of writing all these potential threats, all these very serious and very

current challenges and we have to pay attention to all of them. i don't think we can say we are going to to take care of you and ignore the rest. in answer to the second part of your question we have not had enough fleets. we will have a big enough fleets in 2021 to meet our current assessed needs and to do all the missions that the united states gives us and even though we are pretty balancing the pacific and put 6% asleep there it's a much bigger fleet so we are agnostic knowing nato warships. we have already got them there. we are not ignoring centcom and the middle east. we are not ignoring any of these potential threats. >> as you spoke about you change the navy ratings to make them gender-neutral with exception of the basic. with all the other challenges

the country is facing right now an audience member wants to know why did you make this a priority? >> well a couple of things. it's to quit segregating women. we do it by uniforms. women wear different uniforms. can you imagine if we asked another group to wear different kind of uniform? ratings names change all the time, all the time. when i was in 45 years ago the people that were in my division for radioman and signalman. we don't have any of those anymore. those ratings have change. portman, our medics, that rating came in after world war ii. the first were called, corpsmen were first called -- which i'm not sure where that came from.

i thought it was important to be gender-neutral. we have gone one step further and my first direction was to make them gender-neutral. at the right vendors making back to me from the master chief petty officer of the navy we are changing the way, we are changing our ratings and structure so instead of being a third lassie will be a petty officer third class. we are doing this for basically three reasons and i will give you one example. we have got several different specialties for working on that craft. we have got structural mechanics. we are people who work on avionics and people who work on

engines and they can only promote to their narrow communities. we are losing people because we cannot promote so what we are going to try to do is put a lot of these specialties that are close to each other together so that while you are a specialist in one thing you can also train and become a specialist in three or four other areas he can promote in one of the camper mode and the other so that your next duty assignment won't be just one place that you can go. you will have a choice. we will have a choice. we are going to train all our aircraft folks to faa standards. we will train our corpsmen and our medics to emt standards so that right now when you leave the navy or leave the marine corps a lot of times even though

you've got the skill level you don't have the certification. you can't get a job working at united airlines right across the street. you have got to go back and start over. you can't get a job within emt crew so those are the reasons. >> on the same point the army has graduated three female majors now. when might we see a woman became a navy s.e.a.l.? >> i don't know and i don't think that's important right now the important thing is that it's opening the standards are the same and just as a sidenote s.e.a.l.s have been. neutral about this because they have had the same standards for years. 80% of men don't make it so it's not an easy thing to do but i don't know when one will go through and i don't know when one will make it but the

important thing is if they have the qualifications and if they can make it through that training they can surf. >> switching subjects a little bit here, do you think is cyber pearl harbor, do you think united states is too dependent on information technology? >> i think that we have become too dependent on networks and cyber. i think we are taking a lot of steps down the right path. everything from layering defenses taking better care to protect their most critical assets to having a lot of redundant systems to even going back to teaching flags and lights at the academy and rotc again. we are teaching line of sight communication so that's they can't be intercepted and they

can be taken down. we understand the vulnerabilities posed and i think over a wide span of issues we are dealing with. >> and other said that the chinese are building islands in the south china sea threatening its neighbors. can you assure the people of taiwan and our friends in the region that the united states and the american navy will be ready and capable in defending the interests they are? >> what i can sure everybody up is that we are owing to be there as we have been there for 70 years. we are going to be there with with enough ships have enough presence of enough people in enough aircraft and assistance to do whatever the job is we need to do. we are going to continue to do as we have for 70 years, keep those lanes open and insist on freedom of navigation and insist on freedom of navigation both on the "cnn" era. that's our job. as a sidenote, some of the great

beneficiaries of the u.s. navy doing this and the u.s. marines doing this have been the countries of asia including countries like china. >> unrelated topic the philippines military to military relationship out of that affect your posture in southeast asia? >> well, i don't answer speculative questions so i will just say regardless of what happens in any one country, we have friends, we have partners, we have allies all over that part of the world and all over the world that we work closely with and that we have going back to the first question, enough platforms in the right place to do whatever job, whatever task the world gives us. >> lgbt rights have expanded

greatly since president bill clinton "don't ask don't tell" policy and you mentioned in your speech the anecdotes and stories you have heard. have there have been any problems with morale? >> it's been the biggest nothing i have ever seen. just nothing. i go into all hands in one of the ways, i talked to hundreds maybe thousands at this point. when the ways they know what taylor's and marines come we don't have any shy sailors and marines. they will ask you questions and they will give you a conversation and leading up to the repeal of "don't ask don't tell" like that practically no questions on that. i have gotten zero and you look out around the fleet and it's just nothing.

it's the same thing that happens when we ended segregation. there were terrible predictions of who was going to happen. the same thing when we started recruiting large numbers of women in the 80s, terrell -- terrible predictions who was going to happen and it never has come to pass and it certainly didn't in this case. >> thank you. haiti is recovering from a devastating hurricane. how can u.s. navy help the people of haiti? >> we are already there. we sorted ships prior to the hurricane. we have had marine amphibious ships. it's being released today by the iwo jima. the last number i saw was 114 tons of supplies. we don't have to wait for airports to get fixed. we don't have to wait for harbors to get fixed. we are amphibious.

we can find a beach in goa sure. we have got the comfort of our hospital ship ready to respond if asked and we have answered every one of the responses for help so far that we have gotten. >> a question on global warming and climate change but will climate change in some way that forced the closure of any navy and marine corps bases and are you planning or this for examples where would norfolk move if it happened? >> okay i'm going to norfolk this week. [laughter] it's not going anywhere, norfolk. some of the forecast are fed in this century norfolk will become at risk and maybe within the next four to five decades. i've been secretary of the navy

long time and i don't think i'm going to be there in 2015 but norfolk is the one that is at risk due to rising sea levels. you may notice we have our bases mainly on the ocean and a sea levels rise we begin to experience problems. one of the reasons we are trying to attack amec change and one of the reasons we are trying to lead the way and trying to reverse some of these effects so we won't have to face the fact of the base being in danger. >> thank you. before he asked the last question the national press club the national press club is the world's leading professional workstation for journalists and we fight for free press for piper for information visit our web site at prescott oira g. f. pressler. like a mighty about the upcoming programs on october 17 nba

legend karim abdul-jabbar will speak at a press club in october 19 secretary for education john p. king will join us on the us on like this anarchist with a traditional asked the press club mug. >> which comes in under the $10 that i can could receive. he makes navy blue and i have a set of these by the way. the last question for you sir the navy midshipmen have enjoyed a long winning streak with 14-0 over the football rival the army black knights. [applause] so i'm going to get to know the answer to this but what is your prediction for the army-navy game this year? ..

thank you, mr. secretary. we are adjourned. [inaudible conversations]

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chair and chief executive under fire for the banks failed tactics scandal and handling of its fallout is stepping out from ththe wall effective immediatel. esther stumpf won't receive a severance package. the board in his own recommendation had previously decided he showed relinquish $41 million in unvested equity one of the biggest ever forfeitures. he still retires with tens of millions earned during the roughly 35 years at the bank. however, the board could decide depending on the investigation's outcome that he should relinquish more pay that could

include as much as $24 million of pension benefits. campaign advisers t for the clinton and term campaigns. authors include national book award finalist strangers in

their own land com, anger and mourning on the american right. spain in our hearts, spanish and the civil war 1936 to 1939. then the two brothers, a kidnapping into the mother's quest a true story of the jim crow south and patrick phillips, blood at the root a racial cleansing in america. on sunday it is the number two of the festival of books life beginning at 1 p.m. eastern. featured authors include my father and atticus finch a lawyer's fight for justice in 1940s alabama the collision of race and sports in the south. marjorie wentworth and bernard powers br charleston, tragedy and triumph. then at 9 p.m., templeton

university professor talks about the cost of higher education in her book paying the price, college costs, financial aid and the betrayal of the american dream. she's interviewed by lisa, the former president. >> sometimes maybe even 30% of the total cost and the hangups that students have are the need to pay the rent and utilities and buy food. it's those kind of things that wwe saw tripped up over time. it wasn't the tuition and fees. wise media founder and ceo tina brown talks about women, global leadership and the future of feminism.

this was hosted by the johns hopkins school of advanced international studies. it is one hour and 15 minutes. good afternoon, everyone. i knew thi'm the dean of johns s university school of advanced international studies. it is my distinct pleasure to welcome you all to a conversation with the award-winning journalist, editor, author and on jupiter. she has been one of the most

influential voices in the american media and she has initiated tremendous change and advocacy on behalf of both the social and political and has also spoken to the important international issues and global trends. in 2010, she launched the annual summit to begin a dialogue and offer solutions on building better lives for women and girls. at the summit has hosted the conversations in london, dubai, são paulo, new delhi and throughout the united states and has featured extraordinary leaders such as hillary clinton, barbara bush and oprah winfrey. they represent what she does best, elevating the critically important conversation to the profile stage that has no equal.

for example is one that we strive to obtain and that is why today's conversation is at the schools women who inspire on the topic of the women leaders making a difference on the global stage. the series was launched last year the time when there's been a tremendous groundswell of interest from alumni and students in the women's leadership. other programming at the schools adjust the annual conference organized by the student group, global women and leadership and the alumni network allowed the school to be an advocate on issues of gender equality and global leadership. as one preeminent graduate student of international relations, johns hopkins has been educating and empowering

and has been educating students preparing them for the careers of leadership in public and private sectors. with this tradition in mind, we established the platforms to promote women's leadership in the international affairs, across the schools and at the heart of the mission is the realization that the women's leadership is not only an end unto itself but also the tool to realize many other global benefits. the impact is an example of all that can be achieved and it speaks for itself.

she was inducted into the magazine editors hall of fame and has been deemed thi this upo the george pulled towards him for ten national magazine awards. she's also the author of the diana chronicles of the best-selling biography of the princess of wales and in 2000, queen elizabeth appointed her commander of the british empire. it would be moderated as the senior fellow at the johns hopkins foreign policy institute. today's conversation wouldn't be possible without the ambassador. so thank you.

without further ado, i turned the floor over to start the conversation. thank you. [applause] >> thank you for being here. i wanted to thank the dean and the audience for being part of our conversation. you've offered us the opportunity to launch those that inspired him 2016 and 2017. it is a wonderful launch and at the end we are hoping there will be another woman like condoleezza rice.

they ran through some of the highlights of your incredible high-voltage energy career and life and i watched particularly since i had a front row seat in the summit to see the now large lincoln center hall but around the world with the online viewing. with that, i am aware you have a rolodex that would rule the country if not the world. the issues that you have made your own because you've given them a platform and a chance for

a public discourse. the need of the women's empowerment across the board. the legal justice aspects partnered with not just giving a voice about to find common solutions. the question has occurred to me what made you make that length and all statues have come and what made you focus on the

solution part? >> i began in response to what i felt was the global movement. >> is the microphone working? what i thought was a bubbling movement in the nonprofit mentor

the emerging country and in the spring of 2009, i went to a retreat and there's a whole group from south america, africa, india, pakistan, the local women grassroots leaders and i was completely blown away. they seemed like a complete firecracker person of enormous stature and big fish in because i feel that we are all hungry for leadership or what is supposed to be the leaders in our national life and i thought how exciting it would actually be for the platform because what they didn't have this tremendous energy, great ideas. they were doing incredible things in their own sort of

territory. they didn't have any platform beyond it. nobody was listening to them. so we thought we would find them and have them tell their stories because i do believe in the power to move markets that i think if you can engage people with the stories then their head and heart is open to the story and they will focus on the iss issue. they want to listen and do they mean to listen and they named the same, but they don't. so, that is my training as a journalist. my journalist training. any solution that you are looking for to make people listen and pay attention.

then it's how they made their way through the challenge is whether it is education or if shissues of repression. they managed to find a solution. it's about opening the eyes of the world. it took off immediately. we have the most amazing.

she began to broadcast the stories over and over. then of course he's very famous now and operates in a lo a lot f these and was a remarkable voice. we had another couple journalists on this page and it was very powerful. they've been operating enough space.

they finally got a piece of the action and it took off from there. >> you mentioned this particular panel and it says that this particularly interesting to people for the security council resolution. it passed the resolution. they declared as a weapon of w war. we took that panel back to the un and broadcast and it's

absolute to the legal and institutional framework. >> i remember immediately the next day we were e-mailing people and the same. there has been a space that you brought.

the women from the middle east from israel and the palestinian area who got together to start the movement had said enough. one of them is an activist that the other is a palestinian in each of them were killed by snipers and bush's son was killed by an israeli sniper and yet they found a way, they found this circle in israel and its made uit'smade up of parents frh sides and says the tears on the pillow are the same color. as she said what we share is more than what divides us.

it brings the front line emotional connection instead of it being a talking fast. i want to know where women are. i'm just not seeing any in the process. they are not there but they are there. we had an amazing woman who was a journalist who does broadcasting and did these podcasts and was incredibly brave and in the middle of all of this and i just thought she is nowhere in the discussion.

>> not even as a reality check. >> have you found as you broaden the conversation geographically delhi, london and others does the same model work. you can't go to a foreign place and talk about their problems. there would be a whole bunch of arriving saying they are going to talk about gun violence. what we try to do is showcased the stories where we are sensitive about their issues.

for instance i did bring them ten downing and what was interesting to me is the story was exactly the same way because to them it was about kashmir and other dynamic and it was an insensitive way for me to do that there. so i told that story through the other story and there was a great sense of connection. the other thing i was told i decided to ignore that because they've launched the movement in nigeria and she is an extraordinary speaker, so movi moving.

she was actually the hit of the whole sum it u summit at the sai also did a whole discussion about the way they were treated but instead of india we looked out they were treated and told the story of a young women, the mother that wanted to defend her children and she didn't have the money so she went to work as a servant in saudi arabia and was horrendously mistreated to the point she had her arms cut off by the employer because when she tried to escape. bringing and surrounding her on the cases and what was gratifying is that in the richest families in india she decided that she would offer to

educate the women's children which was gratifying so she was moved and then decided they would write a check for all five children which was absolutely thrilling and again this tells me that the power of the storytelling is what moved her enough that she was given the audience. it's exciting what you can do. >> that is again the power of the example. you can have a ripple effect even. but you are right. the idea is you want to showcase and change without turning

people off. you could easily find them on both sides of the divide suffered the same sort of thing. when i get into the conversations with indians in particular on some of these things then they sort of begin to accept it. they help in training the first peacekeeping force and i remember trying to convince her with enormous capacities. they were sent to siberia and a couple of years later as part of

the working group said. it did a number of things. the violence against women dropped by 60% and the number of girls that were willing to go into law enforcement.

>> [inaudible] this is a woman who has been exposing corruption and very dangerous activities and debated online and again on the radio where she went after corruption and was talking about the desperate poverty and the desperate nature in that part of the world and she said what she found was upsetting that they couldn't even imagine. they just didn't know. exposing them to those that have risen even into a different kind of life until you could imagine the success of it you couldn't