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this week "the communicators" goes to the university of

michigan near detroit where car companies are using and it test site called mcity to tryout new technology. carmakers art spearman did with technology that allows cars to talk to each other and talk to roads and traffic lights so there will be fewer traffic accidents. we spoke with a transportation analyst who studies this technology and with the director of the university of michigan's mobility transformation center. >> host: debra bezzina where are we right now? >> guest: we are at the university of michigan in what we call mcity. mcity was built specifically to test, develop connected and automated vehicles. >> host: and this is a store in your background. >> guest: this is a storefront. basically you can create different scenarios for connected and automated vehicles and trying to target the ones are difficult. you want to test and be able to repeat so when you are out on the street it's hard to be able

to repeat consistently so if you're behind us is the façade. he he can move that further back, for their upstate can make it either a suburban area or an urban area. we have many different road types come in many different intersections, many ways to part we have a pedestrian you can use but again the basic principle is that you are able to repeat the. >> host: what is your goal with all this testing testing is essentially fake city in fake roads? >> guest: our goal is really to help all the stakeholders in the industry have a facility that they can come in and the to commercialize connected and automated vehicles. >> host: who are some of the stakeholders? who are some of the people involved in this research? >> guest: there are a lot of stakeholders. you look at the automotive industry and you have your automobile manufacturers so chrysler gm and although etc. and you also have all of their

tier 1's. we have a lot of startups in the area so it's huge. "the communicators" talked with peng at mcity. he's the director of university of michigan's mobility transformation center which runs mcity. he is research safety and technology for 20 years. >> guest: these cars don't communicate much with each other except that you look at the size of the car in front of you, the brake lights and turn signal. that's the only communication. communication can be so much richer and so much more efficient. you can start to have a communication between vehicles in between vehicles and traffic signals. traffic can become much safer and much more efficient. congestion can be reduced with a lot of potentials. >> host: essentially cars are talking to other cars. what kind of equipment? >> guest: the simplest way to understand it is it's just like

wi-fi. as a matter of fact much of the fundamentals are the same. >> host: so you have this in your car but what if nobody else does? >> guest: sometimes people look at the situation just like in the early days. nobody wanted to buy the first first -- machine. there was nobody else to talk to. we are having that dilemma. indeed nobody wants to be the first one investing and nobody else to talk to. everybody wants to be a follower but that's the problem. we need leaders. we need someone who is looking at the long-term rather than the short-term to lead the effort. >> we took a test drive at mcity to see how connected technology works. >> i'm going to demonstrate for you today vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure. we will start with vehicle to

vehicle and it has emergency electronic brake lights and forward collision warning so the brake lights gives the driver warning that a vehicle ahead of it has stepped on the brake so panicked raking. most sensor-based systems see the vehicle in front of you but that's the only information that they know so this because it's transmitting over the air and it transmits a minimum of 300 meters that i can hear a car for five vehicles ahead so i would get a nice warning that i need to look out and potentially break. ready for the ebl. okay, break. if someone ahead of you is panic braking. >> host: what shows up in your rear view mirror? >> guest: this is like an icon that says break.

>> host: is communicating directly car to car or is it going to wi-fi system? >> guest: this is direct car to car. it's not really a sensor. more like a radio. if you think of a radio is tuned to a channel so our vehicles communicate with each other and it's called dedicated short-range medication. that's really the protocol. it's very much like wi-fi accepted if a lot lower -- and it's a lot more secure. >> host: can a third vehicle get into the communication? >> guest: absolutely. what you want is everyone around you transmitting and you were doing their threat assessment of the vehicle and it's really the vehicle in interest is the only one he would give a warning too. >> host: debra bezzina it's a threat assessment. >> guest: it's to provide the driver warning for connected vehicles. you could get into where the vehicle took control cell for

instance and this is way out there but for instance you're in a green intersections so we have a signal comptroller that is broadcasting the signal phase and timing so what color the light light is for each of the lanes, how long it will remain in that state. if you wanted to do a safety application you would to red light violations they tell the driver you are not going to make the light. if you are doing a sustainability application you would do if you do 30 miles an hour driver you don't have to touch the brake and you have to touch the gas. you're increasing your fuel economy and decreasing your carbon footprint if that if you wanted to get into the automated world, who is the best person to determine who goes in the intersection? that's a signal comptroller but all the vehicles need to be connected so it would be taking control or telling your vehicle to take control and guiding you

through the intersection. if you ever see those futuristic renderings of how an intersection works in the vehicles are zooming through that's really what you would see. >> host: how far away are we from that? >> guest: that's a good question. if i had a crystal ball i'd be able to tell you but connected vehicles being on the road in large scale is still a few years away so connected and automated are a few more years away. >> host: debra bezzina we are on the test track. are these legitimate roadsigns? >> guest: yes and it's a very good cross-section of roadsigns. they are not all brand-new. you will see some of them better faded or have graffiti and that's more along the lines of the automated site so if you have any type of vision system that is doing the detection on the sign type they need to be able to figure out if what sign that is and so they can't all be pristine. that's not how it is out in the real world. >> host: >> guest: i think we will go buy one that is absolutely

horrible. >> host: are the signs connected? do the signs have any sensors at all? desk of the signs do not look our intersections in the work they are doing now is putting up the infrastructure part of the connected vehicle so they do have the signals up there but they don't have the roadside unit so that's the next step in mcity to put in the vehicle that is the structure site. >> host: what is our next experiment? >> guest: i think we are going to take you out on the road and shoyu a roadside unit so that's the infrastructure portion of it ..

communicating with the infrastructure. if you notice there's two little boxes up on the roof of the tree, those are the units that are broadcasting the same technology in the transportation research institute and we used those a watch with testing and then we also use them for demonstration purposes so it's

broadcasting the message telling us that there is ice on the road up ahead and there's information along the curve. >> so you have to install the technology in their relative's house, correct? [inaudible] but we are on a public road right now. >> correct. so this curve right here we've been broadcasting at 90 miles per hour so we can do a demonstration of a safe environment. so we will get the warning on the left. where is the sensor installed?

>> it is being broadcast up ahead [inaudible] [inaudible] you've been working in the auto industry for a long time, how advanced would you say this technology is? i think it's getting ready to go. it's ready to be deployed. i think the application that has

been developed. other applications need a little bit of work. so there is more work on the sustainability type of applications. [inaudible] >> debut. [inaudible] is this in any way connected to the driverless cars, the fully

autonomous cars? >> we think that it is a technology that can be used as a sensor. we don't think we will have autonomous vehicles that work on their own. we think they will be connected and automated so they are not autonomous. i truly think that being connected to the infrastructure is important as well so my view is the safe ways using the equivalent of the lane so that they can get in if the infrastructure disconnected. they are talking to each other and it gives you a nice caravan in that you can do. >> we learned more about car technology.

>> what do you do here at the university of michigan? >> i'm the director of the new mobility transformation sector. >> and what is the mobility transformation center? >> it is a partnership focusing on the research development and deployment of the automated vehicle technologies. >> when you say connected what do you mean by that? >> there are several ways to connect to a car. you can use your cell phone, and that is what many are pushing for but there is a new technology that we focused on. the main reason that we push for this is the meaningful safety purposes. so if we have a different communication technology that is

not interfering with other applications, the safety of cars can be more guaranteed. >> in the world that we are reliant on our cell phones why not connect with the cell phone? >> excellent question. they were designed not to have guaranteed communications. for example, when you pick up your cell phone to try to dial a number sometimes you wonder why it's not responding immediately into the reason is all that communications are going through a tower and then it tried to connect with the correct tower of your target call. it is a simple peer-to-peer communication meaning we are not

communicating with a tower, we talk with everybody. for example it's about a thousand feet radius. everybody within this range will hear us immediately. there's no delay. a delay is very fatal. so imagine yourself driving on ththe highway 60, 65 miles per hour. essentially cars are talking to other cars. what is this dsr c.? >> it is just like wi-fi as a matter of fact much of the fundamentals are the same. it is a little bit different from your at-home wi-fi.

2.11 is similar but it's operating in a different channel. >> if you are a driver in the connected car and others are around you, what signals are you getting, what is the activity? >> there's like 15 different message sets. but the simplest one that we always use and be tested on every car is the so-called basic safety message. it only tells everybody else here is my position, that's basically it. if there is a unimportant events

such as the heavy braking, you add that to the basic safety message sent. so we are telling everybody here don't hate me. >> if there is a heavy braking incident, what registers in the car, what happens? >> you can imagine if the car in front of you, or there is a heavy truck and between. you don't want to wait until you can see the brake lights or that it is looming bigger. you want to react sooner so the message received will be the position acceleration and they can start to say whether that's going to be a threat and how heavy should i break or do i need to start thinking about other actions such as may be

making a change to. >> in terms of the standard making sure all the companies agree on the same message in the standards has happened for about 16, 17 years. however, in terms of the commercialization, we are just at the cusp of that. general motors just announced a day would have in 2017 so that would be the first vehicle in the u.s.. in japan, there are two models. >> professor, when you look two or three years down the road, are we going to see a fundamental change in cars and their communications devices? >> absolutely. we have witnessed the evolution of a very useful and powerful

personal computer being connected by the internet. they are now so much more useful. i can't imagine any of our youngsters that can live a day without a connected computer or smartphone. imagine now we are at the same stage and these cars don't coordinate much with each other except you look at the size of the car in front of you, the brake light, the turn signal. that's the only communication but communication can be more rich and efficient if we start to have a communication between vehicles and into signals. >> succumb a technology in the future will also be inserted into the traffic signals etc.? >> maybe you are aware of the

fact not only we had at one point today is more like 1600 they talk to each other. >> what have you learned from your demonstration project here? >> we learned quite a bit. there are hundreds of thousands of units on cars and in fact a lot volunteered their vehicles. people wonder if they start to broadcast the position with enough accuracy. roughly speaking it is 18% of

the time. how do we choose this, 1.5 meters makes sure that you can differentiate the position so whether you are on the left or the right with enough confidence whether you are trying to make a change. that is very important so that is one thing that we learned. we try to make sure that they are cheap enough so there will be a quick deployment in a large number of. first, we understand that traffic condition of the city very well because we know 3% of

the cars where they are and how fast they are drivin driving ths epiphany for/7. so we learn a lot about the city and also that the signals can be used to train, for example in the past, not too many people are able to estimate the flow accurately, that we have developed technologies to understand the traffic flow accurately with only 3% being instrumented. knowing the traffic flow will help us to direct or control the traffic even though we haven't really started to program the traffic signals that the potential is there and we are able to control the traffic signals to respond to the traffic flow in real time to reduce congestion. >> you mentioned a couple times this pretty expensive technology. who is funding the mobility

transformation center? >> again it is a public-private partnership so what we tried to do is leverage the resources. they actually started the investment about $10 million to get the center going. and now we have 16 industrial members and we have together we collect about $6 million memberships every year and we also try to work with our faculty members to write proposals from the department of energy and other sources. so it's an effort to try to get resources in any place we can get. >> so all the major car companies are partners in this development.

>> yes and we are very fortunate that our view of building a living laboratory and instrumenting a large number of vehicles in the infrastructure is getting very anxious with support and right now gm, ford, toyota, nissan, honda, bmw, these are only six of the 60 members and we have many first tier technology companies. >> you mentioned that you are also studying autonomous vehicles. how was the conductivity related? >> another excellent question. we think that today's autonomous vehicles primarily rely on three kinds of things, camera, radar and also they rely on the gps maps of these are the primary sensors.

now they are perfect and all have their weakness. if you are able to augment to do such a better job in terms of perception that communication is about a thousand feet and many cannot see very clearly beyond the 300 feet so it is at least three times longer range. second, there is a little kid standing behind a bus but he's

going to walk from behind the bus or there' where there is a d the corner. in both cases the communication to how you perceive the. the fire truck, the ambulance can tell the traffic signal to change to red from every direction so you can cross more quickly and that would save a life or two. third is in the past they drive like personal computers. they may be very smart as they

are getting smarter every day but it's still basically the same you only worry about your own safety. when you coordinate with other vehicles you can build a system that is safer, more efficient and less congestion. so communication is like the internet. we can connect smart cars together and build a smart transportation system. >> it works like radar but it uses lasers. it has a narrow drum and therefore it's very precise and you can detect and won't confuse it with sunlight or other light sources. >> we are taking the same

december 2016. if somebody went to ford, gm and bought out a pretty top-of-the-line car, what kind of sensors, communication equipment will they be getting on their car today? >> today you can buy vehicles with a lower level of automation already and we have a society defining the automation level. it would be a deficit cruise control. you can buy vehicles with lane keeping assist but if you combine both of them together is little to. tesla autopilot is a level number two, not driverless or autonomous but a little too

automated vehicle. most of the cars only use camera, radar with a third type that is ultrasonic that works similar to radar but it's even cheaper so none of the vehicles you can buy on the market use it because it is too expensive. i will give you one example, the vendor for the google car, they used a 64 been that's about $70,000. so that's why they are not production vehicles yet. >> how many sensors with a car today have? is there a number or does it matter quite >> it sort of does.

but you mean proceeding to -- >> cameras, blame changers. >> hundreds. for example, you have to measure a lot of things like engine speed, a lot of pressure, air flow, you need to measure the voltage current, temperatures. so you add them all together and typically 100 microprocessors. it will cooperate with other vehicles.

>> what has been your biggest frustration in this project? this is a complicated problem not just limited to technology because overall i think technology must be doing something good for the society otherwise we probably shouldn't be doing it. so as such with so many different people, companies, governments, students and so on and so worth trying to bring the awareness to the society is tough. it is a tough job and it certainly takes more than what i used to do which is just do my own research teaching and now i have to branch out to other

aspects tha but i am enjoying ey minute of that. >> what is the test track backs >> it is maybe something we don't agree with that but it's the first personally don't automated connected vehicle test facility so we designed it to emulate the real world but we think a small footprint, we tried to include a very rich driving environment not only the pavement type, we have 17 different lights. if you look at the parking meters they are all different. the parallel parking. we tried to emulate the railroad

crossing and underpass situati situation. so we have seen such a small footprint and we tried to him with dave to imagine all of the conditions for the connected and automated vehicle technologies and we have many of the features in this footprint. >> has it been a worthwhile investment? >> we have seen unimaginable publicity is so i'm not exaggerating if i say we've been visited more than 500th time in a year so we had a grand opening on july 20 and we coasted probably more than 500 we lose count. >> you had the secretary of transportation here to visit. but what have you learned, have

you gotten benefits at the mobility transportation center, transformation center? >> certainly. this is a small test facility. we are trying first to understand how individual vehicles interact with the infrastructure and then we try to expand it beyond. one company that has taken advantage of the facilities four. they can drive in snow even when the road is fully covered by snow and they argue of course this is the first time that anybody has demonstrated the technology in the world.

>> when you see the research going on here at what point will we be using this regular technology on a regular basis >> you can buy them from high-end, lexus, mercedes, acura and so on and so forth. the number will keep increasing. many people try to give a prediction 2020, 2022 and so forth. in our view, we think technology itself may almost be ready so you can already have a driverless vehicle or industrial with very well defined environments and traffic. you can already deploy the

autonomous vehicle pretty reliably but if we are thinking of a car that can drive itself facing glaring sunlight, heavy snow, and very complicated traffic conditions which we sometimes jokingly say mom by or beijing -- mam -- it's dependinn the challenges we are talking about we are almost ready however this isn't just a technology issue. we need to figure out whether by government regulations or the safety rules and insurance and where the rules are in place so that this vehicle can be deployed in the real world, clearly understanding who is brain to pay for the insurance or be liable for the crash. those are probably behind

compared with the technology. >> without security? >> i will say because the cars are now being connected, there's a couple maybe ten years behind. we know the internet is under constant attack and the arts trying to. so there will be hackers continuing to attack the internet and trying to attack the cars are automated vehicles. the technologies that we are trying to build to protect the cars are on par or similar to what people have been connecting to.

>> what about privacy backs >> good question. certainly we understand that people don't want to be constantly watched. the relative position is important for safety. but there are ways of hiding the privacy. as we are protecting the privacy

in terms of where you are by having a fixed license plate. your whereabouts is already in the public domain and knowing where you are is very hard but you have a fixed ip. so arguably, security is different. i wouldn't say better but it's different for sure. >> and finally, where is detroit when it comes to developing this technology as opposed to tokyo, beijing, etc.? >> people have been trying to

solve real-world transportation problems. many countries are making a lot of progress in particular in the field of connected vehicles the u.s. is probably in the lead in the sense that we have a very clearly defined spectrum dedicated for the safety application and all the standards are already being defined. so in that sense the u.s. is ahead in europe has been investing a lot in the demonstration projects. the investment is a little bit ahead of the u.s.. most of the projects are smaller for example most of them have dozens, maybe 100.

the investment is very healthy so it is hard to say whether they are ahead but it's a friendly competition for sure. they have a better chance and that is what they are trying to do. the federal motor vehicle safety standard is now being reviewed and passed it would require all of the light duty vehicles in the u.s., and that would be the world's first. europe isn't likely to pass that with so many european countries and japan is not ready, china is still thinking about it. so now the u.s. is ahead.

>> explaining more about car technology. >> can you approach your work as an engineer or consumer? >> i think you have to do both. being a good engineer is you understand what your consumers want so there is a balance between function and the human factor interface. >> what surprised you most about what he learned here? spank the biggest is how far it transmits. so you need to transmit a minimum of 300 meters and we found that it goes way beyond three or depending on of course the geometry it is the line of sight but it is huge so here in this area it is pretty much 360 degrees but if i am in an s.

curve i can only go so far, still farther than many radar or vision sensor today. this structure with wires when we are doing testing, we put over a canopy that simulates a tree canopy so if you are going down a tree-lined street you are going under basically another type of tunnel. we don' don't take it out everyy because we want to keep the equipment in good working order but it will look like little leaves going across and then again you will lose your gps signal for how long. >> and when you talk about gps, you are talking about satellit satellites. so that's going 18,000 miles? >> we are upgrading our devices

and it really take us the american version and adds more sense to just having our satellites it has a bigger set of satellites so it's more accurate. >> so we kind of protected air conditioning car.

dinner guest arrivals through the white house east wing, the staircase official photograph and the dinner tows offered by president obama. the white house social secretary will join us to talk about food, decor, entertainment and protocol for the state visit. we will also revisit previous state dinners under the obama administration and talk to the italian ambassador to the u.s. command "washington post" fashion critic will review first lady michelle obama . fashion over the years. for the italian prime minister

airs live tuesday at 6:30 p.m. on c-span and c-span.org or listen on the free c-span radio app. >> now by europea the european s ambassador joins the french, slovak and german ambassadors to consider the impact of the exit. the georgetown university law center hosts this event and it's just over an hour. >> at the institute of economic law we have been fortunate to have many of the policymakers leading the diplomats and policymakers here and our program has witnessed the different renaissance here and it's a pleasure to have all of you here today. i just wanted to thank as well the students to watch in our

knowledge is the only course of law school focused exclusively to help provide through the questions you will be hearing today as we launch into a multitude of different policy issue areas. i think i want to start with the ambassador particularly since this conversation is being broadcast across the united states. it's been one of the leading story is why there is such interest and this has been in part due to the unexpectedness of it all. what think in the cause is worth and how do you believe americans should inter at those behind it and i've encouraged the other ambassadors even though the question made be directed to jump in and challenge or agree to disagree. but the ambassador. >> thank you and good morning ladies and gentlemen it is a

pleasure to be here. my own daughter just graduated in may but i'm afraid she was more interested than the corporate taxation. i would like to congratulate you on starting the course because if there's one thing that we can say it's going to be a lawyer's paradise so i congratulate those of you that can spend the rest of your life dealing with the subject. we could probably spend a long time on the postmortem of why it happened. i'm not so sure many of us were not surprised once we knew the united kingdom decided to have a referendum that would be a close

call. after the referendum the situation was reversed. i think it's true that there are a lot of specific elements. a hesitation joining the union that had a referendum after they joined in 73 they had a referendum to confirm that they wanted to still be a member and i think the nature of the british membership they were not part of the sub i think there's always been a healthy strong body of opinion that was reluctant and reserved about the membership so i think once you open the possibility of a subject it was always going to

be a close call as to what came out of it and i think at the end, it was that sends up wishing to take back control and the sense of respectfully the lost sovereignty but i'm not going to go through the merits of that argument. there were very specific elements i don't think art easily replicated elsewhere. there is also generic moments they would find elsewhere in europe and in the united states in that this is also a sense of frustration in the way that the policies were developed with the crash in 2008 and the financial crisis than the economic crisis and a sense of uncertainty and of course in europe the european union is seen as the front line

of globalization and i think these elements and of course the issue of immigration and the feature in the uk was a concern about the immigration perhaps more so than extra where i would say elsewhere is to concern about the intron european integration. but if we just used the words integration it is a common theme and we have to challenges of the party's rising in the member states and very often the criticisms go hand in hand with the skepticism so there are elements that are common across all of europe at this point in time. what should the united states make of it? oall simon says there are 50 was to rea read a become leave yourr lover. but the first most important

thing we are not in the postwar. nothing has changed, of course something has changed. we had a political development and we know the united kingdom is now going to lead the way that it's going to operate and what's going to happen afterwards, all of that is out in the open. i think the initial reaction is one of concern for what this means in the strong alliance with europe obviously it is easier from the point of view from the u.s. if we are 28 countries that want to stop shop and party, the fact that now an important member of the european union is going to withdraw and i imagine the u.s. is concerned to what this means for how to manage the relationship. it's a concern to all of us and i think we will be watching

carefully to see how this develops. i think we are all going to need strategic patience. we don't get wit what the united kingdom is going to promote proposed with the prime minister with the article where it takes place in some time in the spring there is a two-year time frame so we are looking at how the uk is leaving into the building it's probably going to take longer to negotiate so we have some uncertainty and have to figure out how we do this and we've never done it before with

the exception that a bigger country but with no precedent we have to figure out how to do this and it's going to take time and things are going to evolve. i appreciate that it's just my final point but it's an important subject. i appreciate that everyone wants to jump to the end point. i see so many articles. they may be right and they may ultimately be in the ma mix bute had a lot of parliaments there and we would have to figure out how we would react to that end the mandatandthe mandate given e on behalf of the 27 and what kind of relationship.

we have a long way to go but i'm sure that at the end of the day we will try to make it a suboptimal. there are questions we will be looking through and in this discussion i wanted to make sure if there were any other observations or interpretations of the catalyst to the views and thoughts on this.

[inaudible] that is what happened in slovakia and that happened just before the presidency on july 1. so the main focus was to reflect on what to do on the institutional side and it will be part of the consideration. there's the negotiating team and of course the national

governments are stepping in. the public interest organization groups that would be a very complicated process but also from the substance as mentioned from the prospective we launched the first summit in mid-september so we had month's to bring our own reflections back. so one will be the actual negotiations in the uk and also the second will be the reflection of why this happened, why the uk decided to do so and how to avoid the militarization of the european union. david mentioned integration was

very much a part of the negative outcome and it happened from the internal integration and as a part of the european union it will be important to focus on what kind of outcome when it comes to the freedom of movement of the labor force. as many moved to the united kingdom an the priority would bo keep the freedoms untouched or negotiated in the balance.com. >> first, it is great to be here. as a follow-up to what david said, why, i think [inaudible] you have your presidential

election and in a lot of countries we have the far right. we are facing the same waves of opportunism and i think it was the financial times saying the losers of globalization are rebelling so it is a challenge that we are facing all democracies which means in this country we have to handle this issue why in the u.s. and in uk and france and i swear we have so many of our citizens that are dissatisfied in this way. the second element in the sense that they professional negotiator, it hasn't started which means i will say there was

some chest banging. it's normal before any negotiation all sides say i'm not going to compromise. don't compromise the principles and so on and so on so i think we are in a normal status before the opening of the begich asian. people say we want compromise. of course there will be compromise at the end of the day and as david said, to quit right now we don't know what needs compromise. any negotiation as its own momentum and logic and especially with this where you have 28, 29, you have a lot of negotiations and a lot of different interests. i think that it's totally

possible right now to know whether we will reach an agreement so there's a lot of red wines and when we reach an agreement all of us want a good agreement and a mutual relationship. we are not on the present and past. we are defending the interests into a union but it's so complicated. >> i also want to say thank you for including me in the panel. i am a proud father of a georgetown freshman. [laughter] you asked what does it mean for the u.s. and how should the u.s. look at it and i introduced a

sort of geopolitical dimension. as important as the legal, technical and economic aspects are, i think this added another challenge after the financial and economic crisis and after the greek debt crisis come after the refugee crisis it's hit europe in an already precarious state and this has become a transatlantic issue so now there is reason to worry. i am not a doom and gloom prophets here but i think there is reason to worry about the strength and resilience of the european union. we have a lot of challenge.

the refugee crisis and the fault lines that are emerging. so the challenge is to worry about the strength and resilience of the european union. we are all great allies of the uk and we want to remain so. we are losing the second biggest economy and fair biggest destination will export and fifth trading partner, but what matters to us most and should matter also to the u.s. is the coherence of the 27 that europe can remain the most privileged and a strong economically and politically on the global scene. now this will be the most complicated divorce in history

that we have ahead of us and we are all on an entirely new territory. it's difficult to predict what will happen as far as my country is concerned. we want relations that are as close as possible. we have a strong self-interest, but our priority is the unity of the 27 in europe. that brings up a wonderful set of issues for the lawyers in training. those are some negotiation questions. unity is important but in order to secure the deal, it has to be done with the consensus of the remaining european countries. ambassador, i will just spin

around. have you seen the negotiations progressing reasonably the heads of state met in the cab littl -. and there were some notable fractions from migration to the southern economies. but what is the take away from the summit number one, and number two, how do you precede those as interacting with the ability to negotiate all the details within the two-year timeline that would be started once article 50 is set in motion a. >> it's important to reflect on

the situation there will be bad line on the initial. in many political streams that are eager to work on the european union, we need to be really cautious on how to move further and there are of course the two main questions. the question is are we there yet because i met very few and for the most part, they have of the

affiliation to the national identity. so this is a very important message especially to the younger population leaning towards the populist movement and messages. ..

>> >> where different member states would you use or think about that as an opportunity not only their relationship with the european union and the relationship of the u.k. with the remaining member states but their relationship with one another. how difficult is this and what are the kinds of steps that need to be put in place

for those negotiations to begin? >> kit is quite complicated. first my first analysis to be very good of diplomacy of those continental powers of the main country on that continent. so when you negotiate one against 27 but after there was the end degradation that means countries like slovakia or poland to say

that there could not be a compromise and for me that meant for instance it that it is not that important set to make the compromise on that it is only an example to those negotiations. but every country would have his own redline. to make those negotiations to make them extremely difficult to to make those compromising we will have the country say no way.

it is for our interest. that is the big difficulty of the negotiation. the and not sure we could even reach a compromise so that for of just banging of soleil you don't fight the need also with the conclusion to say i really don't know how i am preparing everything or all the ideas that we can find. and as you said with all the

lines of the european union it would indeed to maintain the unity so that they would not accept so what may endanger the unions so that makes those negotiations more difficult for on negotiation process so the notion of the red lines i will always use that but that is some of the promise under which we wait for the british because the ball is in their court before they

trigger article 50 with the french president has made clear the integrity so the exiting country cannot be better off accepting outside the e.u. and that is a very important principle otherwise it would be in danger but once it is triggered in happening by the end of march there is the dynamic it could be antagonistic because behind all those seemingly technical issues those political explosive issues. but it isn't only article 50

but to unfold that complexity it is a process of devising a new trade arrangement of that norwegian model that is the replacement of the existing free trade agreements that is the british problem and isn't ours and to express the pressing demand that is extremely important to fill the gap after two years in the new arrangements before the challenge to renegotiate the debt buteo membership

which they have only by virtue right now of the european union so how to revise that relationship foreign policy in cooperation coelacanths see it is injustice one article to divide up the assets and that is the daunting task. >> they think they have sketched out the politics and the mechanics one of the greatest achievements of the european union is the institutional dynamic when united kingdom initially traveler triggers article 50

it could be up to the commission to propose to those members states that will turn into a mandate that the basis that they would invade and it is very important to understand all ultimately that is heavy overtime internal differences and that is the dynamic at all stages to manage those negotiations but ultimately with the supervision of the member states and european and parliament that is quite different from a different classic negotiation with those 27 partners the you can talk to reach consensus drizzly the structure that

this would happen but article 50 is only one part with all the tidying up that needs to be done to make that happen but at the end of the day it is straightforward with what you try to do but that is not negotiated under the treaty but as what it suggests as the starting point but there is no time limit the in the classical timeframe is sixers 78 years for an important trade agreement with the new

relationship. nobody has ever been here before to find out how this works the most important message that there will be a dynamic of the relationship of the political control to forge a common position to address those issues. that is very different from those positions taken as different people going out to take positions that this is my national position at this point in time. and then you last the commission to present to the united kingdom.

>> and the accomplished diplomatic set of panelists. at the end of the process that there is still have a status from the other third countries that are out there and even those fundamental freedoms of the european union with the spectrum of those potential possibilities greg. >> no. data think everything is up for negotiation but the single market will sometimes

hear people talk about access it is a contradiction of terms including the freedom of movement if you want to trade access to the european union it is something else. there are certain fundamental values which are not negotiable with the difference of being in the european as others have said it will not be a typical third country to damage that relationships however there will be a difference as colleagues have said hell

that is developed but everything is up for negotiation and i don't think that is where we are. >> so to talk about with europe and dia believe the answer to be the antidote with the french beverage in particular editing with military bases solidarity with those agendas said in

baghdad the u.s. that french diplomat. >> i have done my job. so the department we have been facing alatas citizens by are disenchanted with on the "frontline" of globalization that we could not even question and all of

the elements so we have to answer to their concerns so for instance to beyond the borders of europe and it is clear the immigration crisis with the voters of the british so we have to ensure with the freedom of speculation. so to answer in terms of security but he has to feel

that so that is a way to check the people saw the crisis of the european union that most of the european countries but since you have that we've need investments and again as attacks in

europe but also in political terms. so we're not obliging and it is better of the citizens. >> and you have been very interesting and well written and bought what it in so is

it more and better? >> so the americans although i must admit this came as a shock and that triggered that it is natural question ingersoll's we have to deliver better on expectations to ask each and every even measure how this benefit and then to see tangible results and the

core business as they have presented some ideas with a stronger defense union with the external borders to fight terrorism to be more competitive europe to work with youth unemployment in their reactive focus to unmask the truth behind the rhetoric that is rampant.

with the losers of globalization. and in those members states are guilty to blame brussels for what is going wrong. otherwise we would not regain the trust of our citizens. but as a lot of people here in washington d.c. that japan and other countries have highlighted good those third-party countries but

the largest job trading bloc that he partnered to the united states where they have interests with interest so what can or folks do to really think through the likely outcome what has washington d.c. been involved in the discussion but it is quite important to get the message across and people think you're already engaged but the very early

stage as we follow in the press with a new revelation of disagreement or a different approach. we owe it to the british government to give the space to soared to this out to come forward with a position that reflex how they see this in redwood to go. also wishing to have the best possible move a ship in with the friend and ally which is the united kingdom for:so the first thing i would say is this is the big

question to affect everyone. it is a tricky issue with the referendum in one country which is the jurisdiction but has ramifications for everyone. for because of a profoundly affects the future development but for alliances unlikely the evidence states but also economic and commercial investment for the wirth and how would they be managed going forward with those very elaborate paper setting of their concerns and also mentioning those ongoing trade agreements and with

south korea and japan and upgrading our deal with mexico so hal the stakes are high. how do we deal with the u.k.? so the global stakes are high. but my first in vice is on the one hand it to be as honest as they can about how they perceived this as the interest because they think the u.k. needs to have that but secondly to keep the distance to find a way forward. people are jumping to quickly i know what you need to do.

on the part of the 27 as we go for the next two and half years and then we will understand better the issues and the solutions. oh ultimately it is just of bit of patience to let time to its own job. you cannot rush to judgment when there are so many that we need time to figure of how to arrive at those solutions to respect the decision of those people and the values how far the european union is going forward to take the process of european integration further with our international partners this

they content -- have the environment. so some other colleagues mentioned so with uh dynamics it with those considerations. to rather higher bracket but the question remains but

that influence is definitely the then to know the we are facing those elections. but that may not bill last deadline been and means bill read from the institute a right to ask if any of the ambassadors would like to respond but using trevor

agreed to one thing that is a bad thing be lithium migration do with that single market that means you cannot have the good parts. kenny change the narrative because they have countries. >> anybody like to answer? >> at the notes you can change the narrative paradigm right now.

but maybe the reminder how this came about. but the e.u. excepted 10 mostly eastern european countries and there was the measure hour to stabilise eastern europe. one of those assets of the european union of prosperity and that it is too early to bomb them to have a transition period of seven years.

and two countries that did not except that waiver the was sweden and the u.k.. they should come so they came from poland and other countries that it was a self-inflicted wound and that later that there was resentment in the u.k. with the e.u. integration and it is safe to say that this benefit it the u.k. economy. >> that is the lead change the narrative. >> but is this true perhaps

the u.k. being the single biggest of the central european people that are still living there in the immediate aftermath of the financial crisis from what has ben beneficial to all concerned in with my introductory remarks it is not a problem in europe with those populous criticism tends to focus on the european migration with the refugee crisis people coming from outside europe summit is important to make that distinction most people think that freedom of movement the of europeans is the enormous benefit. and i think we have a new

generation that takes for granted so much of this. but those of us who have lived through the immigration control capitals on the '70s and '80s how far we have come to take that for granted in it was very interesting to note the generation. and again it is sent for us to interpret but it is interesting that the majority of young people is the older generation so i think actually from the point of view that many would wish us to maintain. >> from vlsi perspective

mature response about populism as a highly technocratic organization organization, is that responsibility that they have to take upon themselves ? whether migration or the refugee crisis depending on people's direct experience. so how well suited with the european institutions? particularly when they look at france what exactly can they do to engage? >> i added pre-entirely.

brussels is held about as much as steam and all politics is local at the end of the day it is difficult for people to get through to other parts of our national democracy. and we have a common ownership they are the creatures of what they wanted to build. of course, they are accountable for their mistakes by the end of the day it is for the national politicians to explain the benefits of of european integration and why it is in their best interest. we need a be viewed effort of communication about how it has worked what it does and what it does not do.

and how we get this synergy. with better outcomes by doing it together we should do it together. they should continue to beat you 100% responsible. getting that message across is the responsibility of those politicians absolutely they are not convincing. >> but i do agree that basic principle of the european union which means the most effective level between the national basis.

so we have to focus on the core business because we cannot be denied its states of europe. we have a very long history to the national identity. and furthermore we have a wave of nationalism because they are afraid by the organization so we have to find the right balance and do what it is necessary at the national level. >> how candy's elaborate

organizational structure counter the rise of populist ? >> this is the challenge is a common challenge of the west when not sure we can speak of a crisis but the rise of populism. and there are two aspects economic social aspect in the identity politics we should not kid ourselves it is a dead global development that there are losers in we have social tools in we are better placed in many aspects in europe with a

more a elaborate social system to reach trade the people with our welfare state system looks better but it is also much more difficult to address. and that is something that we have struggled with. how do we harmonize that idea for a common europe and better still regional and national that is one of the biggest challenges. >> this has been a fantastic conversation and unfortunately we are at a time. but i do want to give you

the opportunity to have a silver lining for whether this experience provides a self -- a silver lining for europe and if you could identify one or two of what they maybe we have a lot of students here looking forward to the future and also to look at opportunities for jobs that bucks it could create. >> to say that optimism is a duty ailey's remain optimistic i cannot see this decision as other than regrettable certainly we can

make the best of it and try to ensure that it does the least damage but to be honest think it will be less more for. and work with the british government will try to deal with the exit and building of a new relationship the most constructive way possible that the net result is probably a weaker u.k. slightly diminished as a liaison and largest member states and the security council with a huge diplomatic experience. it is very regrettable. / not questioning the right to decide what they have decided but to fight the

silver lining to figure out how to do this is an of best way possible the mail fraud conclusion is this is not the best outcome or for the transatlantic alliance but we will work diligently to make the best we can then is the second best outcome. >> on that happy note? [laughter] to have confidence of the europeans who need to feel that to move it forward but

we are being challenged by other forms of government this is the main challenge with the democratic process even with the european union so we need to explain the benefits or the act contribution bois through those globalize developments >> so any opportunities for consolidating warmest year round table. >> and to always be a good scapegoat in to the accused

who of blocking. but i don't think that would change. >> did this a sad day because to try to build the european union frankly that sounds weird so they are the essential part in every sense of the word. really leave want to keep them on board. laugh laugh but the last point but now we need to respond to the concerns of

our citizens. here i think we have to decide what are the borders that has to end somewhere to have that open space we need the identity andrea need to defend our citizens because something very difficult to understand in behalf to defend the welfare state that is not in the globalize world so basically in should not be a social jumble one but we have to defend our values and the single market

resources said that would be your guest as the citizen to be at the center of our policy statement there is no owe silver lining elastin allied fended great free market economy and the beacon of freedom to bring all those virtues to the table so if there is the upside of the breck said decision, brexit decision it

helps us to refocus and also was mentioned that it might help to mobilize the youth because they are in the hope for the future mostly in all of the assets of the european union. >> with this wonderful conversation, and thanks ambassador. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] good afternoon i and the washington event correspondent for the assault they contribute and 109th president of the national press club to our guests is a legendary player career mental to bar from

public radio and c-span audience and most remind you to follow the action life on and twitter and now it is time to introduce our head table ghastly stand briefly and hold your applies. from the right are washington correspondent for the "l.a. times" covers the justice department. for "washington post." from global policy development bruce johnson reporter and anchor for a bloomberg news the 100 a president of the national press club. eric holder the former attorney general of the united states. chairwoman in the speaker

committee member who organize today's luncheon in the international consulting firm representing our speaker and a staff writer at the reviewer. and undefeated senior staff writer for diverse issues of higher education. [applause] >> not often better podium we have somebody who is a major celebrity, a star athlete and accomplished journalist. kareem abdul-jabbar known as one of the greatest basketball players of all time ucla three consecutive championships then on into the nba in 1969 he dominated the league winning six championships as is 20 years

as a player we means the all-time leading scorer. but it wasn't enough for him. he has taken a best-selling author from world war ii history about sherlock holmes' brother his latest work is "writings on the wall" and writes regularly for "the washington post" and "time" magazine. and alter the public protest to take the knee at the games at the national anthem. converting to islam and 24 as a leading thinker for wright said african-americans and muslims in the united states. up to bring educational

opportunities and then he also appeared in several films including the comedy airplane. [laughter] he says he wants his new book to start a dialogue of social injustice pdf fin please give eight whorl welcome to the tallest man ever to stand behind this podium. [laughter] kareem abdul-jabbar. [applause] >> >> good afternoon. one blair wonder people are curious what i wrote the book they expect me to write about coops or other

subjects. but i had to do this book because it was very important to me because of what i see going on in our country. had a chance to talk with my good friend about these issues because but has affected the nation for such a long time. as we try to find the solution. to have several suggestions in to deal with some of the issues. and also how we have gotten to the point of how we have

then inspired by the founding fathers as they come to a consensus and to leave with a document to support this great nation that we have. keep this in mind. of less you can listen with an open mind erects pressure self you cannot have the communication or spend that dialogue. to have to many people talking past each other with their e emotional issues but they don't have the ability to listen to the other side and that drives them crazy. so that is what my book is about the have been getting a great response and i am thankful for that.

we need to continue to do the work dr. king said we had work to do with all of the issues of the inequality of political and civil rights. this is ben a problem for us since the origin of our republic but we can just now talk about it. my prepared to start the conversation. i had a chance to talk to colin before he had a chance to do something very crazy fet handled it the right way that no is as much of the inspiration as much as he

enjoys people as they say he disrespects the country vp ones to make it a better place. he will get there. he will do what he feels is necessary. i am happy to see that the movement is spreading throughout those professional sports to the nfl and nba and now what he talks about to invite discussion in the reasonable conversation that is what i wanted and how that has

worked out. said to have copies in my book by hope you enjoy it and get something from it and encourage the people that you notes to speak their mind. thank you for your attention [applause] >> let's continue that conversation of dr. martin luther king spoke in this room 1962 it has then a long time. had we move forward? neighbor to neighbor? how do we keep this conversation going? >> absolutely neighbor to neighbor and people in the minority communities one of

the things i am hoping for is said talking about the police it is our police going from one side to the other with those various law-enforcement agencies based talk about the people that we serve and protect. those bridges can connect and that is what we want to get to to start that conversation. >> see you are saying the us hearses the mentality? so following that is hell to understand to know somebody

better that it has to be the sit-down than i understand what he thinks with that conversation? . . because ignorance is what is driving the law.

people are not dealing with the fact, they are dealing with the stereotypes. because the police officials in cleveland ohio there was a 12-year-old kid standing in the park playing and he winds up dead and heard that there was a threatening person in the park said he saw the first person he saw. we can't continue having these things happening. but the mindset that the police install really lends to this problem of perpetuating itself, so the police officials need to think about a different way to train their officers so they don't overreact to the innocent circumstances.

>> does it help to have the police in the community and coughs used to walk the beat does that help to have the community police officers knowing that the residents are there? >> that's what we want to eventually get to the police officers know the people they police and they are people, not statistics. they are people who have problems. we talked about the protest of the national anthem

>> the only way that you can do that is to get involved in the political process. he said don't get mad, boat. so we have to have people from the minority communities willing to run for public office and become lawyers and district attorneys and police officers. they have to be involved that way. when they are involved that way, the voice is heard.

>> is there not much fear speaking out? >> for that professional athletes they think they are going to ruin their brand. we have the great and shining example of mohammed ali who was willing to sacrifice three of his primary years because of the fact we were fighting an unjust and illegal war in vietnam and he had to make a choice. people didn't agree with him at first but both the american public and the supreme court agreed with him and we did the right thing with regards to vietnam but it took some sacrifice and it took somebody with courage to stand up and this is what we have to deal with now. the issues are vital and the country is in need.

>> let's follow on that for a second. use your self-made endorsements for speaking out. over time to getting this has become easier for them to speak out because there's less of a price to pay? >> i think that they are starting to see the value and what they can achieve on the positive side is worth the risk. my good friend has decided to commit and he's given some money to the naacp into the legal defense fund. they want to say republicans by ten issues also.

he's able to involve himself politically. so it's not as bad as it sounds. you just have to have the courage to make a stand. >> we've been talking a lot about celebrities but let's talk about ordinary people. what does it take to get out of their comfort zone and engage in those conversations and have them step out where they may not feel comfortable? >> i'm the wrong person to ask that. other people might have issues that you have to discuss that if you care about your community, i think that is the coward's way out. a few more find out what is

actually going on and try to help. >> a lot of questions coming up here. [laughter] how has the current affected the race relations >> i think the current election has pulled the scar off of the racial divide in america. mr. trump has said a lot of things that are disappointing with regards to race and the value of the various communiti communities. people are coming into the country as immigrants and he mentioned mexicans but some of

the things he has to say are just reprehensible and have cautioned the dialogue in the country and i think it's unfortunate but that's who the republicans chose, so we have to deal with that issue. i urge all of you to vote. i won't tell you who to vote for but i hope you care enough about the country to do the right thing. >> another question from the audience. the campaign has brought out a lot of people speaking out in ways maybe they didn't before. how do you engage with people who may hold some racist views? >> the only way to engage with people like that is to point out the policies they are advocating and how they affect real people not in theory but in reality.

let's take the stop and risk law that only serve the purpose of making the lives of minority people in the community is miserable because these people are stopped dozens of times for no other reason than they live in a high crime community. and the police have made it easy on themselves to just stop anybody for no good reason. probable cause doesn't seem to enter into their thought process and that's wrong. there has to be a way that it doesn't absolutely involve the cops overstepping their boundaries and saying you live in this neighborhood we have to check you out. that's not what the constitution says. it's illegal and wrong and we

have to find a better way of policing. >> have you ever your self have a personal experience with police officers who found troubling? >> i stopped a couple of times. >> can you tell us a little more about that? >> there must be a number that have had that experience on the new jersey turnpike. i didn't get arrested. they just wanted to see what was in my trunk. they must have thought i had a canon or something. it happens sometimes on the new jersey turnpike. >> as we discussed a lot of racism and bigotry there is no commentary on that. how are you dealing with the vitriolic and what would you

tell the men and women facing such? >> i wouldn't tell anybody dealing with that you have to confront it and take people that want to react in a biased way and hold them accountable and complain to the correct authority that you've been discriminated against. that's the only way people will finally see the light and understand that what they are doing is wrong. it take courage. i've been asked this by a number of muslims and statistics say hate crimes have increased over 80% since the campaign started vilifying muslims to the degree they have said there's a problem

there and we have to deal with it but they have to have the courage to stand up for their own civil and political rights were people who try to vilify them are dealt with. that's the only way of dealing with it. >> mr. trump told urban voters recently what do you have to lose because he insists governing democrats are to blame. do you believe that he is right in any form? >> all of the statistics that are available say it's at its lowest level for like the past 60 years and is continuing to decrease. what he's trying to say is fiction. and when you realize this, you get an idea of what motivates

him. so we have to go in and react to the facts. what is your take on the women saying they were insulted by mr. trump? >> i find it odd that he bragged about assaulting women and now when they materialize and say yes he did, he's calling them liars. i wonder who's telling the lie to. >> with a long record of racism, african-americans were considered deplorable spike politicians. the democrats in modern times

reached out to include them in the party. what can democrats now due to reach out to hillary clinton who was mislabeled at one point that the portables? >> you have to understand that even though they might be doing or saying things that are deplorable they are your for both citizens and the have to be made aware. if they have issues that need to be dealt with, they need to theo discuss them in a way that enables all of the solutions that are at hand to be applied to it and not to engage in who and what is the problem. spec they are racially polarized. you have been serving as a top law enforcement officer and a black man between the president and nuclear.

culturally they are some of the most popular and highest paid celebrities on the planet. how do you reconcile the difference between that? that we consider the country racially polarized and get some of the top leaders in the country, this hope serving officials are black. >> i think the fact that so many people of color have started to move up the ladder into the middle class and some of them have become wealthy has alarmed certain people and made them feel that something is wrong with that picture but the the pe distrust the natural progression of people who heretofore hadn't had the opportunity to become educated and have the access to jobs and the powerful positions that they are in. this is something new and people are finding it hard to accept but it seems our country seems to be doing all right.

i mentioned michael jordan earlier. there was a tv commercial that was used in this campaign and it showed a person handling money and they were black hands and the idea is that there was something wrong with the picture. nothing was said, no words were mentioned, but it was very obvious the fact that it was now at the control that seemed to alarm people. so i think that just the access that more people have to the

positions of power have created problems that want to react in a racist way. >> at the time when there was a high number of murders they didn't seem to get as much attention but the lower levels of crime today do you think that is a sign of progress? >> i don't know about that. i'm pretty ignorant on that. i don't study police statistics that closely unless i'm researching an article. >> there is a lot of talk about people buying more guns in the last several years and more powerful weapons and then there's the other side of that you talked about a little bit from some police officers, what can we do in this country about the gun problem quite >> keeping guns out of the hands of people that shouldn't have

them, crazy people or people on the terrorist watch lists, that has been pretty adequate. it's the loopholes that have allowed it to many that end up in the hands of the wrong people and i just think that we have to have a reasonable means of monitoring who gets guns and apply the adequate measures to make sure people that shouldn't have them don't get their hands on them. >> another question today. they noted there are plenty of minorities voting for donald trump and you are talking about bringing people together. is it divisive for you to talk about him when there are minorities supporting him? >> i have to speak to the truth that i see. if they have a truth that supersedes this i would like to

hear about it, but it doesn't bother me. some people have a different take on the reality. so there's not much you can do about that except to see what makes sense. >> on that note there are concerns about reverse racism. there is plenty of minorities to vilify people. can you talk about the concern of the reverse racism in this country? >> i don't know what they are talking about. there are very few people of power that would have a reverse racism program in effect i don't know what they can do.

>> let's switch gears and talk about you for a second. you made a transition to a successful post sports life. was there something in your personality than the allowed you to reinvent your public self? >> it happened before i became a basketball player when i was in grade school and it's something that i pursued ever since that time. 1964 i was involved in a mentoring program that had a journalism component. i got into journalism and enjoyed it ever since and it was something i wanted to do. ucla didn't have a journalism department at the english department served my purpose is pretty well. >> since we are here at the national press club, i

appreciate that sentiment. can you talk to us a little bit about maybe a difficult time in your life and what you did to overcome a challenge that you may have had? >> i think trying to figure out what to do with my life when i was at a point i was playing for the milwaukee bucks and had to make a personal decision as to where i would continue my career and i had to choose between staying in milwaukee and moving on. it was pretty easy. you give it some serious thought and my best interests lie in moving to los angeles, so i did that and i haven't had any regrets about it. >> that's my next question. do you have something you regret

and would like to do over? >> a piano lesson. [inaudible] [laughter] >> there's a lo >> there's a lot of people out there that didn't want to take their lesson. i wanted to play baseball. that didn't work out. i ended up playing basketball and ended up having to give up beethoven but it's okay. >> there's still time, right? >> know, there'no, there's no t. [laughter] >> talk to us a little bit more about what inspired you to become a writer and how old were you when you got interested and why you picked up the topics you picked up in writing? >> i became interested in writing because my dad was an avid reader and i more or less had to get with the program

because he wasn't going to talk to me. me. i was asking a would ask him a d he would hand me a book. finally i got to the point i could do the research and i started going on my own to reading all of the things that interested me and that was a very broad array of things. it's amazing the things kids can come up with. i must have presented quite a problem to my dad but that's how it started and i just kept learning about things that interested me. i started writing about them after time. >> i know as a writer myself, can you talk about some of the challenges you faced and what surprised you about this book? >> i think getting into the depth and detail that you need

in order to explain something requires a lot of research and i'm fortunate to work with my co-author. he is an incredible and it makes my job so much easier but that's what it takes. you have to be able to understand all that you can about any given subject and deal with it. if you can't do that, what you write is that being shallow. so i try to avoid that and explain the issues in a way people can see both sides of the subject. and at that point, we can have a discourse and a discussion and that is crucial.

>> first you have to take a day off. leave the subject alone so that you can come up with it from a fresh vantage point. those get over what is blocking them and whatever issue is in the stumbling block if they can get past that. >> what are some of the things that have impacted you? >> james baldwin's for the

autobiography of malcolm x., the tale of two cities, to kill a mockingbird. >> you are also a fan. can you tell us why you got involved in that fax >> i used to watch the theater on television. until then i thought he was a real person and that is pretty embarrassing but that's how it went down. and when i started my professional career, someone

gave me a complete compilation and that is the first time of course since we traveled so much, i graduated from raymond to martin cruz smith, robert parker told walter mosley, other people like that. i kept doing it and some of them are profound and i would recommend that you read some of the novels. it's fascinating that speaks to a lot of the things that happened in our country but from the fictional standpoint.

who are the people in the years that you believe in spite your q.? >> i do have t would have to sae robinson and doctor king, malcolm x., duke snider. >> i believed you were at an event. can you tell us why you were at the chamber of commerce? >> to explain the business opportunities here and overseas.

>> i didn't know the answer before i asked so that's good to know. do you believe nba players play as aggressively today as when you played. >> they changed the rules and calmed them down a little bit so you can't be physical and play defense so it makes it easier to score and the fans have enjoyed that.

>> the embrace of thomas jefferson and it blew me away. it's something our constitution is still the most dynamic document ever created. it it is something we should be proud of and use a lot more often in solving our problems. but mr. khan understood that and had no problem with his son done for nation. it really made me feel good to have someone of his character knowledge to represent american muslims in the way that he did.

it showed a lot of people up including people who have long hair. >> i don't who you are referring to. where do you get your news from? is it online, tv, newspapers westmark and how do you ingest to your news a consumer. >> i get my information from all the sources that you just mentioned. i read, watch tv, i just take it where i find it. >> maybe you could talk a little bit about foreign affairs. i know, what is your take on how america's do and how america is perceived in the world and how america is treating other questions? >> that's hard for me to understand because i don't spend enough time overseas. to get a real finger on the poles of what you just asked me. that is very difficult. i would

not attempt to do that. i've no idea. >> another question question doesn't 22 call the treatment of israelis apartheid apartheid. do support the the sanctions move it against israel? >> i would just say that the occupation stinks. that is the only thing that stinks over there the israeli state is a model of democracy and transparency, but i think the occupation stinks. it has to end. i hope it ends soon. >> another another question for an affair sprayed you condemned the saudis with yemen, should they cutoffs affairs without. >> i don't know enough about that to answer that question. >> the audience are a few fans of that movie airplane.

[laughter] the audience question was it's this funny sports cameo ever. which is a nice tribute. do you think there's any role in humor comedy that can add to the discussion of race in america? >> i think sometimes humor can overcome certain obstacles because when you're laughing your guard is down. and maybe that is a time when you can accept some thoughts or different point of view that you hear or would not accept. i think humor is something that serves us well in that sense. when we lose our sense of humor we lose an important part of our humanity. it makes it impossible for us to communicate. >> so what you think is more fun, acting in their planks are playing in the nba finals? >> i'd rather be doing some

acting. it's something you can do sitdown is always could. >> is there anything forthcoming in the acting role for you? >> no. >> on basketball for second, if you could assemble a starting five with players from today or in the past with a b? >> i would not attempt to do that. [laughter] >> might offend to people? >> it's just impossible. i can't compare people from different errors. how would shakeel have done against dashmac, guess they got there out there and play the game, we won't know. >> and we have a chair for to if you like to sit down, it's up to you we have a chair for you to if you like to sit down, it's up to you you did a lot of sending here. we only 15 minutes left. is there a single basketball game that stands out in your mind to become our favorite basketball game during your time?

>> i think the best college game that i saw was princeton versus university of michigan at the holiday festival in 1964. bill bradley scored 46 points points and fouled out. and russell's team was able to dominate at the end of the game and win the game. but that that was probably the best game that i have seen, the best college game i have ever seen. i would but that one out there. >> there you go. what you think is the biggest barrier to higher education for students from low-income families? what obligation, if any does the government have or pro athletes have are celebrities have to help in this regard? >> i think poverty poverty is the biggest barrier because poverty makes it impossible for poor kids to have the time and resources to become first-rate students.

they're usually involved in the struggle just to survive and keep a roof over their heads and food in the pantry. and they miss out on getting the type of education that opens up doors for them. to put them into the middle class. i think really poverty has a very profound effect on how effective are educational system can be. >> talk to me mid- about why and superstar athletes, celebrities should be involved. what kind of responsibility do you believe the have to get involved and what would be the benefits of getting involved the? >> i can only speak for myself on that subject. i cannot say that what other people should be doing. i can only relate to what i feel is correct. that's why pursue what i pursue.

there's no template that fits everybody. >> another question. do believe our country will live up to its motto, e purvis them, which is out of many, one. >> i think it is a worthy goal to have citizenship for everyone be the same. it is a worthy goal, we haven't gotten there yet and given the disparity in the accumulation of wealth in various communities. it is worth trying for. the fact that america of various stripes to have the opportunity to make it all the way into the top social economic success i think that really validates what america is about. >> i'm not sure the answer to this yet either but have you seen the new african-american museum of culture and history?

>> i've not had a chance to get over there yet. i would like to. i've read a number of the reviews on it. it is supposed to be a very spectacular place. >> what are you looking forward to most in going over there to see? what you think would help the most for racial discussions in america? >> i cannot tell you that it's like over there, but hopefully it would show the reality of the black experience in america, black americans have contributed so much to what what makes america great, and we are not always recognized for. i hope that is what is happening over there at that museum. and black americans are given credit for some of the incredible things they have done to contribute to american life. >> we are back to more basco questions, because they keep coming inches who is the most difficult center you had to play against in your career?

>> not many people gave me a hard time. [laughter] >> reporter: i think the guys that was most difficult to guard were people who could shoot the ball well, centers who could shoot the ball well from 18 or 20 feet, because that brought me up from where i played my best defense. i would say someone like dave callan's, bob mackie do, do, could hit jumpers from 20 feet. that made my job harder. >> it is been a while since you are professional plan, how has media into the treatment of the nba change since you have played. i extend to that question to the players as well. how how the media covers players these days. >> i think the popularity of basketball has made it

impossible for the media that covers the games to be vicious or small minded about what they are covering. the game is so popular now. i think they do a good job and i think both the league and the media people who cover the league, i think they are doing a great job. >> the question now is how strong is a wilt? how strong of a competitor was he and what kind of relationship did you have. >> i got to meet wilton grade school. he was like a hero to me. i ended up having to play against him. he was an imposing man physically, wait over 300 pounds. very powerful. he was a gifted athlete. to give you an example, when wilt was in college he played to

a basketball but he also was on the track team. he participated in shotput, the high jump, and the quarter-mile. that's pretty intense athletic regimen. he was competitive in all of those disciplines. so he was a good athletic. any accolades they see about him probably don't give him as much credit as he is due. >> the next question, how can nba players make the transition like you did to different type of career. what is the key to your success and what advice would you give someone who is leaving professional sports team to do something different? >> the key to my success is the fact that i wanted to go to college. when i got there i made sure i got my degree.

i prepared for life after basketball before i got into the nba. nba players who have not to that preparation are going to have problems. some of them have and those are the ones that are usually are successful. >> how do you keep in shape personally? is that walking, other exercise? what is your regime, you talk about a certain kind of foods you avoid or use,. >> i just tried to get enough sleep, a reasonable amount of exercise and not to eat the wrong things and not become a fat person. if you can do that, you might live a little longer. >> we are nearing the end, let me ask you since we talk about talk about the issue still about your book, what is the kind of model you see for the discussion of racial issues in this country?

what is a good example you have seen her like to see in the country? >> what i would like to see would be, i would like to see police agencies reach out to community agencies and vice versa. and people living in certain community reaching out to the police in that community and telling them that we need to talk, we need to get to know you, and the police going along with that program because that makes the most sense. i think when those things start happening, all of this will change. >> at the final question, before i do some quick reminders that the national press club is the world's leading agency for journalists. for more information please visit our website at press.o rg. want to remind you of upcoming programs on wednesday the secretary of education john b

king will join us. gina mccarthy will will speak from this podium, november 30 we host the general manager of the washington metropolitan area transit authority. on december 2 we have a james maren ceo and chairman of mgm. friend buddy who wants get their books signed exit to my left and will be signing books. he will become i won't be. and and i want to present the last question are national press club, mark. [applause] >> the last question, do you still play basketball these days? and have you ever been offered to play game against president barack obama or would you accept if he did? >> i've never been offered to play against president obama. but i'll be happy to give him some pointers cut back.

>> that's great. is there anything anything else you'd like to add. >> was the first part. >> i don't still play basketball, no i just try to stay in shape, jump rope and lift weights, and sometimes i do various workouts and yoga. just to keep it simple. try and stay one step ahead of the grim reaper now. >> to clarify you said you would coach president obama if he asked. >> of course. >> thank you for being here. [applause] [applause] >> thank you. if you'd like to have a book signed signed exit to your left, my love, you're

right. [inaudible] >> coming up on c-span2, republican pollster and nicholas and the democratic pollster on millennial voters. now now the debate between oregon government and democrat kate brown and bud pierce. >> c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up on tuesday morning, nuclear politics analyst sean trendy will discuss his work analyzing polls from 2016 in the electoral college map is donald trump and hillary clinton look to the electoral map and battleground states. also discuss the approach to pulling and what water should

look for when evaluating polls. michael mcdonald, associate professor of university of florida will talk about the latest reports on early voting. concerns about the integrity of state voting system. watch c-span's "washington journal", live at 7:00 a.m. eastern tuesday moring. join the discussion. >> tuesday, president and and mrs. obama welcome my telling prime minister for anna's official state visit. see live coverage at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span2. later, president obama and prime minister hold a news conference, we are live from the rose guarding starting at 11:40 a.m. eastern on c-span. at 630 eastern, coverage of state dinner in, coverage of state dinner in honor prime minister renzi will bring you guest arrivals from the white house east wing and the prime minister's arrival from the north political and official official photo in toes. that is live on c-span.

>> every four years of the presidential candidates turn from politics to humor at the al smith memorial foundation dinner. to raise money for catholic charities. at new york's historic waldorf a. >> i must say, i've traveled the circuit for many years and never quite understood the logistics of dinners like this. and the absence of one individuals could cause three of us to not have seats. >> vice president, i'm glad to see you here tonight. you've said many times in this campaign that you want to give america back to the little guy. [applause] mr. vice president, i am that man. >> it's an honor to chair with the descendent of the great al smith. al, your great-grandfather was my favorite kind of governor. the kind he ran for president and lost.

[laughter] >> al you are right, campaign campaign can require a lot of wardrobe changes. bluejeans in the morning perhaps , suit for a lunch fundraiser, sport coat for dinner, but but it is nice to finally relax and where what we were around the house. >> watch the memorial foundation dinner with hillary clinton, then donald trump on thursday night at nine eastern on c-span is c-span.org. this net 9:00 p.m. eastern with the c-span radio app. >> next, the latest george washington university battleground poll, looking at national presidential 2:00 a.m. four-way matchups, state races and other issues. we heard from republic all pollster on "washington journal", it is 50 minutes.

>> joining us now, the republican pollster and strategist, also the president and ceo of the terrorist group, to talk about polling and information leading up to the final weeks of the campaign. thank you. >> what is your polling telling you these days? >> this is the george washington university poll that we have done since 1991 that i do with democratic pollsters. it does have a purely partisan, wouldld say bipartisan nature o it that we are looking at the numbers, we keep each other honest in terms of what were looking at. this polls shows what we're seeing out there, i think there is a lot of attention to jumps in the polls, most of the jumps are within the margin, both of these candidates have been said that are not the best candidates in the world when you look at their favorable and unfavorable, we looked at trump's favorable growing from 50% of the last poll to 61

percent, hillary went from 54 - 53. both 54 - 53. both of these candidates have been stuck in this range of over 50% unfavorable towards them. that's historic in terms of presidential campaigns to have that. >> and holds the ballot i think within range, think you'll seen polls that will have a job job for hillary based on what happened a week ago. with donald trump in the tape, but it always comes back to the middle. we have this poll at 39% for trump, 47% for hillary, i actually think it is going to settle down to about five or six points. the average is her having the lead of 5.5. i think that is probably where the natural state of the races

in the coming week. >> for donald trump your own polling showing that when you initially do this in 2016 wasll 43% went down to 40 and then 39. those decreasing numbers leading just weeks before election day, that is not a good sign? >> again, you see them working within range. if you go look at the ballot over the last four months, hillary, trump has had a high of 40.8%. a low of 35.8. hillary has had a high of 44.9 which is what the average is now and a low of of 38.8. they both have a window where they have been bouncing around it. if you look at the average of both poles, i think it is being held down by their own favorables. one of the things we have seen grow over the last year, they both started off with about ara 55% on favorable rating. what has been growing is strongly unfavorable.yo if you look at donald trump right now, is strongly unfavorable, is that 53%, hillary's strongly strongly unfavorable is at 46%.ove.

negatives are very baked inches they get excited about the blows back and forth, week after week. the reality is those numbers are so baked it elements how much it is going to move in terms of the race. >> when you take sampling, who are you talking to and how many people are you talking to? how recent, when was the last question taking place for the polling?as >> we are in the field last saturday through thursday night, in fact one of the things we did see in the polls on saturday and sunday there was a huge jump in hillary's direction actually for those two days about 400 of the 1000 sample and she was ahead by ten points. the the generic ballot jump from three points to 12 points, by the end of the week it had come back to a points and the generic was at i ve-point deficit. so, think in a sampling of this is where you get into the public polls versus political and private polls, i think there has been a problem in recent years,

it started and we began seeing it in 2012 of a lot of these public polls pulling in a sample based on what they think the electric will be. that is not how we do political polls. we pull it wide and then we look at nuances like definite to vote, definite for the candidates, age and education, and do modeling internally to see where we think the races. we try not to make that decision on what the electric is can it be but look at the internals to see who has more intensity. >> our guest is with us untils 830 talking about his latest poll and how it relates to thehe campaign. 2,027,488,001 for donald trump.. their party candidates 202- ( 7,472,002. >> you ask folks about who they think is going to win the election and it showed favorably

for hillary clinton, talk about why this question is important. >> it can be very important because as people come to the conclusion hillary's going to win, i think quite frankly the democrats would like this to be perceived as a fairly close race. as their voters begin believingi is going to be her for sure it makes their job harder in terms of turning out their will. that's where you could see variances. today if you if you look at the vote for hillary in the vote for trump, clinton's advantage on those are extremely likely to vote is about a plane advantage. more intense in terms of sin they're going to vote for the trumpet voters. that could have a dampening effect on some voters. but i think more importantly it shows perception wise, this is where uncharted waters with both the candidates being the negatives where they are, i think we're going to see may be some surprises in terms of turnout. t one of the things i say about polling is that polling assumes

everything else in the campaigns are equal. as you start looking at who has the advantage on ground game, who's raising more money to get more the message out, who has better surrogates or broader sense of surrogates out there, all those things will factoring by election day. so you look at the polling and say if everything else was equal and this is where the numbers are but in fact if another candidate has an advantage in the series which appears hillary clinton does, you have to start giving more credence to those numbers for her. >> in this week's debate how did that factor how these polls look? >> my feeling was that the first debate was an opportunity for both candidates to break out of t: mator?ow that they were stuck in.th i did not see it happen in the first debate. i do not see it in the second debate, we'll see on the third debate. >> the thing that's unusual about this years that normally

you have about% of the electorate, fairly evenly split. like one candidate, just like the other vice versa. that's your basement. then you usually have two or 3% that dislike both candidates, that's the disenchanted voters. and then you have 20 or 25% that like both candidates. this year that like both candidates. this year with this campaign that 25% is only 2%. that is usually where the swing voters are. both campaigns tried to send better than the other the other one is bad. that is where is where the real battle is for the campaign. this year, that two or 3% of dislike both candidates is 18%. so you have a battle going on that they are not disliked butut the intensity level is going up. that is where debates are focused on. it's focusing on they may not like me but you are going to dislike the other candidate

more. that is where this campaign is a much different. watching what you are doing before that's where instability comes from in these two campaigns. >> go with our guest to talk about his information gathering is the election comes up, patrick from pennsylvania, third-party candidate supporter, go ahead. >> caller: it is absolutely stunning when you look at the manipulation of the americanen i people when foreign governments are manufacturing our voting systems, like the state of israel and manipulating the american boat. anybody who thinks that our system cannot be hacked, your guess of the standard of deceits and the american people are waking up to this. here's a newsflash. what you listen into the press right now with the geopolitics, as a son of a former director of

the u.s. -- i can tell you that our nation is being manipulated into a third world war and they are choosing, and the the council on foreign relations is choosing a candidate they want to use is the most viable circuit for their candidacy. >> okay. certainly you see a lot of conspiracy theories growing up there. with the more disenchantment you have, the one thing i hear hear gre focus groups quite a bitit these days and has been consistent through the fall is that we start a conversation about the presidential race and the responses how did we end up with both of these two choices. that the country is felt that is going in the wrong direction, the voters have for well over a decade republican, and democrats and they look at these nominees and say how did we end up with these two choices? i think the conspiracy theories will continue. i have to say, i'm a a little

bit disconcerting to see our nominee out there really push in this narrative that the system is rigged. that is somewhat disingenuous for someone running for office. who basically went through aof p system where he got 44% of the popular vote all the way through the race and then he's pointing to it being a rigged system. other people that try to many plate the data and hacking? yes, but there is a lot of work put into making sure those things don't happen. i think we need to be concerned for. but is it happening in widespread ways, no indication that it is. number one, a number to the bigger the margin hillary has come of the argument will hold merit. >> host: here is a supporter of donald trump,. >> hello, good morning first i