health care system are transition to a private sector model? you cannot have both with open access. the reason is that people choose to use private sector v.a. care. and you felicia understand the quality of care decreases there is the tipping point and is not reasonable and as they close and from my perspective needs to be thought out it isn't just uh death spiral. is moving into the private sector.

said nike's said that so eloquently. but as a clinician what is missing is coordinations was the thinking about the way the program works it is the reimbursement system you handle your own care and the government pays the bill but what went missing from my relationship perspective is how do helpful the american health care system to make sure their needs are met? the greatest extent that people do it on their own while there is a small segment of the population for many it doesn't work. and if you look at the critical perspective, do we want to have a coordinated

system floor by themselves? >> you can have the last question. >> my eighth question is what is going on in technology those seven giving patients the opportunity so has it considered partnering with apple or other technology companies to have their own medical data they can have a dialogue greg. >> we have spent doing that for a while. is the very easy way to

download the version of your health record to share with their community providers so we have an entire digital services team to leverage that are thinking of creative ways to exchange information. >> i was pleasantly surprised. and with your medical records so if you follow a claim for certain benefits benefits, it works wonderfully. >> we have reached a the end

of our time. please fill out your evaluation form. thanks to our supporters and to our panelists for informed conversation and to all of you. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

and. >> will air going to get started been. i hold the cheer - - the chair here referring to a refugee crisis the highest

number of refugees since world war ii and whenever meetings that respond to the enormity of the task and has been with us for decades were the folks that are refugees and they are lasting longer that is so cool . of what is happening with many conflicts that to be kept under wraps with the end of the cold war but the good news there is a whole series of countries better dealing with the ranks that

our fragile and full verbal. for those that are in the countries but they have to think more and harder about refugees it is one of the major challenges we have to face of a variety of institutions and we will hear about that today so we have mw three very thoughtful speakers. with the u.s. ambassador but that is the concept with the distinguished career on the national security council

and then i knew fred mastercard global product development and humanitarian solutions branch of maybe from the perspective of the of rolled bank. debbie will never hear about so how the world bank is thinking about the refugee crisis. >> please just call me back. when they call the doctor i think there will ask me about their elbow. [laughter] but to pick up on what you

were saying of perspective as mentioned there is a number of things over the last 30 years also from a world bank board development perspective has included a real decrease solana that is driven by the liberalization of china. with the rise of low incomes but the power. >> we're having technical difficulty. >> i will turn this off. the only point of which to see real shift in the problems we looked at now. with those that we have to

focus so in the conflicts day and in a particular environment where we see a particular set of solutions brought to bear. and those types the solutions to get more focused. and this goes to my colleagues to think about solving those challenges the in partnering is different railways. select the world food program related to humanitarian issues the brill bank is a separate set pet these are emerging then the big player on the scene in our conversation is the private sector with trillions of dollars of capital sitting on the sidelines.

and then had to turn this humanitarian crisis into an opportunity? but what i would say is a way to think about this and to have extraordinary talents and they're trained as engineers but there's a lot of people with the influx into another country that can be an opportunity. and then to how they think about this look at the fortune 500 companies in the united states, 40 percent founded by immigrants can end the core strength of our economy is the ability to absorber people coming from other places. did they see the great potato famine? but you do have the influx

with an opportunity. the another way we think about that is the refugee crisis is not a short-term challenge they will stay nine or 12 for 15 years over the decades you cannot approach this crisis businesspeople tend to stay in the communities for a long time so thinking longer-term what are those institutions could act to build infrastructure strengthening a health care system or any number of other things that is what the world bank in a place to make a difference. the wade they think about this is how recreate the

regulatory environment that will allow encourage incentivize those private sector actors because that is what unlocks economic growth over time. so to think about that traditional system rule of law and labor market reforms to shift those dynamics or those who are there will grow or expand economic activity. >> what is the world food program doing in response? >> we are supporting 6.6 million refugees around the world of 32 different countries we have been involved in supporting

refugees but what is interesting in this context. >> your microphone is working actually. the global refugee crisis has changed there is a different context from the past. remember those refugees and domain this crass but they were over there. with that humanitarian community that did its job out of sight and out of mind how those host countries were supported as well. and now we have a context where millions of refugees is across from europe not

uneducated people they are middle-class they're educated as the same aspirations that we have and we have large numbers of refugees that anymore middle income context. so as the presence summit pointed out, the current response committee structure has been overwhelmed and it is incapable and the current structure. water redoing? there is a humanitarian lovell that has to function better. the new refugee paradigm

they're not encamps but urban settings. sodium idea you will gather together to handle resources along their works that is a private sector partners like mastercard was the teacher for the when community to learn the electronic negative card and the debt it card that we can give to refugees and displaced people to those beneficiaries of the local population as in lebanon to go to local markets, by what they need and what they want to buy. and we could not do that if you years ago. but some on aspects are moved to the other refugees situation as well.

it is unjust and efficiency that the humanitarian activity because it is madonna as an example -- led the non as an example for hundred 50 commercial shops of commercial traders and a half seen the infusion of $720 million over last three years that is the economic stimulus that the programs can point in there because of mastercard to share with the community. that is very important. at the second level we all recognize countries like lebanon taking in 20 percent of their population they just don't have the infrastructure to support this level of additional

people. you have school children children, hospitals and then issues like jobs. with that same response capacity. to enable the host government to create the environment and just to play in the context of the refugees of a benign and jordan those of ours educated as we are to have the same aspirations and expect them to stay there you want them to have opportunities so it is incumbent upon the community

it is a global response ability to address these issues. so much of the refugees situation is created by conflict. then there has to be a political solution. >> why is mastercard involved in the refugee crisis? put it that way. >> using the words with that ever structure to give aid to people really quickly. of that what has then made available and then use those to give water vouchers it is close to the heart.

and with those communities for a better tomorrow. for those in need to be included financially. and then to keep that straight and that dignity it comes down to trace and that one refugee said i don't have a choice about anything. i don't have a choice where i sleep tonight. i don't have a choice of what my children wear as what i was given a only have a choice of this card to go into a shop to decide what to buy if i die before relied for my child in case they become ill.

and the speed with the private-sector. >> so just talk more about that trip when you were there. >> in was usually in stifle. >> who brought you put. >> thank you very much. knowing myself well enough to prepare emotionally for some of the stories and then when you your mom talks your son in syria and have to make that decision as to

expect better you prepare for but it is what you are not prepared for that you hear fat when they say that has become the world's capital and it has never crossed my mind. but they no longer know where they are. there is a bigger crisis here to be addressing. to meet with the family had no idea. there was of a group of us and then telling us about the journey.

and the baby was born in days said but then keep moving. as they were crossing into greece then the baby came out of the hospital went to the refugee camp that she could not stomach the fuji was weak and frail yeah their children reinvent we made peace with the fact we were going to die every had the discussion and that is where we were. but then they gave me the mastercard prepaid card it saved my life. when you hear somebody say that what does this mean?

i have the ability to baby beef -- to buy before rely and food that we could stomach then you realize how much dignity the option of choice can bring people. in to meet with of brigadier-general. and those personalities but i was expecting a military type of person and a compassionate man talk about how to understand these are the people. but how do we do that? it is even like having salt

and pepper for their food. and that this is the crisis right now. and so how do we correct that? how do we integrate that? how do we cross the language barrier? or to speak greek but digest gives a very different view. >> above you to respond but also talk about what the world bank is doing with this very dramatic picture. >> what i want to pick up on is the point about the

people incorporating of line of the things it is very hard to be successful to support refugees so while those discussions go to the people across the border right spent time 80% is living in the towns and how you support those host communities he will not have success for the refugees. the other piece is the notion the sooner that will let people be too comfortable that they will stay here forever.

they're helping people in their economic paths. the bank for the first time -- >> has created ability for middle income companies to borrow from the bank to help the refugees come into the countries

and help the countries as well. we created a facility called the global concessional finance facility that allows middle income country piston borrow from -- countries to borrow from us on in interest basis. if your were middle income country you should be able to pay market rate in this inthe jordanians and lebanese government said why should we keep piling up debt. whether win doing something is a broader global public good important that we do are doing whether we want to or not. we said that's actually makes a lot of sense could we created a facility which will support them and bring our expertise and help enemy design programs that will help to absorb refugees. from atlanta we realized that is very good but there are many more refugees in africa than middle east, and a number of countries in that region are

members of what is called ida, our operating unit that lends and gives grants to the poorest countries to in the world. so we're proposing and hoping to get funded through a lee plenishment that happens with all of the shareholders of the world bank in the next couple of months2. billion extra which goes for ida countries who are absorbing refugees. and the thing to keep in mind the olders and largest refugee camp in the world is in kenya and people don't talk about that so much. and the refugees throughout the great lakes region, africa has been dealing with any number of these issues a little bit more of the spotlight burn thing is we have to shine the spotlight and help the countries as they absorb refugees. i would just say in closing this is part of an effort to think innovatively how hour capital can be impactful.

we think of ourselves as having bold capital, and bob reuben used to say capital is a coward and normally in fragile situations investorred don't want to go. the bank walks into this situations hopefully with an instrument that is helpful and we have been trying to become that that more broadly, not just the refugee situation but also in thinkings about pandemics. we created an insurance product that countries can buy so we would get money very quickly on -- so instead of waiting and adding up the costs and then paying a country, after a certain number of casualties, after a certain size earthquake, country gets the money right away. the point in the pandemic is that keeps the pack dem mick from take -- pandemic from taking off. so we're thinking about new ways we can innovatively use capital to address these broader transnational challenges and

that's a long-winded way of answering the question what we're trying to help countryies helping refugeesed. >> there's a -- the short hand in washington is ida 17 or ida 18. so you talked about this international development association act but in addition to the specific moneys, isn't there also some additional agreement or focus there's going to be this special low-interest loans that the international community collects from countries very generous countries like the university of germany or japan or canada and the moneys will be used to target specific countries and specific facilities or intervention you talked about? >> we're going to make it available. we have in mind certain countries are more likely to come forward and ask for it but the key with the two billion i mentioned we're hoping to raise from the shareholders is that it is money that these countries can access separate from what

they were normally going to access for whateverles they wanted to the do circumstance spate and above. >> the idea is if you're a country very poor and you're weighing, do we borrow in objector to an serb the hundreds of -- absorb the how much thousands of people who have come across our border or for to are build roads or deepen a port. the idea is we don't want people to choose. we want people to do what they were going to do plus to borrow to deal with the refugee situation. the thing i would say about this that's really important. you're here in washington. this is really core to the u.s. needs to come with a very good contribution. people need to understand how important this is for our leadership in the world but also for the bank, for its ability to go forward and do what wants in conjunction with all the things we're doing bilaterally, and as an example i would say at the bank, at the board, we're pushing a lot of countries to come in for the first time. so pakistan, which is not an extraordinarily wealthy country, for the first time is pledging

they'll contribute to ida. and that's the thing we hope to foster and see and the kind of thing we need to keep in mind as the largest donor to ida over the bank's 70 years we need to keep push ago countries and make shower we do the statement and maintain that leadership and continue to show significant support for these efforts. >> so john, would you please explain a little bit about what -- how-what are the gaps you see in terms of the response to the refugee crisis? the first question. and the second one is, i think we can all agree in this room that the challenge that we're talking about here is going to be with us for the next eight to ten years. the next administration is going to have -- win of the things in the in box. so if you were on the national security council staff, john, or having been on the national security council staff 0 senior adviser to the aid administrator or policy adviser to secretary

of state or you were an adviser to the next -- in the under world bank -- the re-upped world bank president. what would you be want the southeastern leadership to think about. >> it's always nice to be able to use the president's words rather than my own. >> you're very diplomatic. >> when he said we need resources. his call was for the global community to step up and realize even in the most fundamental sense that the humanitarian level we're not even might those needs. >> let's double-check on that. there have been -- there are acts by organizations like the -- we need $100 worth of goods and money and cash. don't think you're getting your 100 percent of your act. is that correct? the pledges and what you're actually getting in the door aren't the same number. is that correct? >> for the refugee programs that we're managing right now, just to get to the end of the year

we're $300 million short. >> are we in arrears in. >> the u.s. is never in arrears. >> that's a good answer. >> it's just it could step forward more but never in arrears. >> but i think it's -- the president said we need more resources from more donors, from the private sector from everybody needs to step skull realize this is a global issue. number one. i think one of the things, if i do just use your question, there's a tremendous amount of knowledge going on and world food program works with the bank on social safety nets, just as an example, and if there were -- if we were able to expand investments in social safety nets where we give the host government the capacity to take care of first their own people, with the basic needs, which we all take for granted, then by default those government's have the ability and systems in police to tate care of refugee of i they came in so we wouldn't

ha to good and build things. there are certain longer term things we could do as a global community to encourage countries to give them technical capacity to build their own social safety net systems in their own model, but that would become a resource for all of us as we move forward. so it's a very big thing, and collaboration between the private sector and the bank and -- how -- >> what is -- gee the international food policy research institute here in washington. one of the biggs think tanks on food security. but in any event these are the kinds of gaps we need to fill globally. if you were talking pandemic if we have basic healthcare systems in countries you have a much better forecasting ability on when some disease might start popping up. and the sooner you know, the sooner you can act. so all of these things -- again, the united states takes for granted can actually be put in

place at some level in every country in the world. and if you build off of that foundation i think we'll see real improvement over time. >> i want to just come back to matt here and i want you to -- if you were in front of a congressional committee could you just make the argument for why should the united states participate in the world bank, a., and, b., why should -- what is the argument for supporting ida 18? i can give all the reasons why i think we should but yao it would be important for you to give those. >> fundamentally it's about global leadership who america wants to be in the world and historically we have been so central to the creation of the post world war ii bier national financial architecture. we were one of the core founders of the world bank and imf and central to thinking about any number of other multilateral institutions and making sure

they bring more and more countries into a global rules based order that really is the benefit not only of-under our country and so many other citizen is in the world and the wonk bander and other like-minded institutions have been a core piece in helping see the reductions in poverty. so one issue is who are we as a country, what values do we want to lead with and it's important we continue to stand strong on that. the otherring this that when we think about the stability of the regions of the world, we have to think about the economic health. the bank is full of economizes and experts across a wide range of field which are working closely riff foreign governments who -- with foreign governments who call the world bank when we need advise how to to think about climate change and having a more sustainable economy. oh due think about the pandemic which is two countries away.

so the final thing i'll say and this is quote, a woman at the eu, former corporate secretary at the bank and wrote an article i realen videos called "trouble travels." and the other more self-interested thing to keep in mind if we don't address these fundamental issues where they's, trouble travels and we'll deal witness itch one way or. no man issues that air political issue we laugh do come up with and other instances there are development and economic enter generalizations to make and it's important if we want the world to operate in a way we think works most successfully that we are supporting the institutions and the u.s. continues to be strong and the rest of to the world can see it. >> nina, can you talk about your have some interesting corporate partnerships and you talked about doing good and doing well. just talk more about some of the organizations you're working with, a., and then, b., talk a little bit about what does mastercard's -- when you partner

with an organization like the world bank or some part of theun system what are some of the thinks you want that organization to understand about what mastercard's capabilities are? i sometimes am sure they often times say, great, just write us a check. that would be great. but the conversation you were just describing, the picture you described, at the technology is a lot more powerful than just writing another check. so i'm curious about that. >> most of our relationshippers are not about the check. i think a lot of it goes about the education because people go to mastercard? that's a credit card or you give credit to people who don't have money so a lot of it is about educating people from a financially institution perspective but also why are we doing this? we also look at financial inclusion which a lot of this -- a broader perspective saying the six billion people not connected in the the today, what is the actual impact and look to -- when people are not connected,

all they're connected to power, are they connected to electricity, do they have water? what does that look like and how can we hope all those ecosystems. all about building a better tomorrow and with partnerships we can do this. in africa we speak -- there's an excellent -- we speak about if you wash don't go fast go on your own. if you want to good far, go together and go in a group. and that's what we are doing here. getting the right partners in a group and the right-minded people together to say how do we could tis? where it's facebook, world bank, wfp, we are all trying to make the world a better place and we can do it more efficiently when we're doing it together and leverage it. master card as an astro nominal footprint from a global perspective. if you actually think about the world we have got it in the net already. with have the connectivity points. we can reach people quickly. we manage to move quickly.

we can move whether it be financial, commodities. we have a network to support that. we are present in over 200 countries. so, all of that makes a huge impact on what we bring to the party and we have the data and we can flurries what is needed there and we can help and we're prepared to bring that. we can -- are doing it from sustainability perspective. sure we have the mastercard foundation which does -- the mastercard center, which looks it's are at it from a disperspective and then the commercial side of the business where we -- things need to be sustain april. you've due things for free they're not sustainable. however you do not have to charge premium prices and if everybody can still make and do things more efficiently it works and it becomes sustainable and become repetitive. >> john, we are having a conversation at lunch about the merging of development and

humanitarian response. can you talk about how that is happening and what does this mean for the world food program and other organizations and i'd like matt to comment on that from the world bank perspective. >> i think the big change is nat that in the past organizations were happy to -- just do their job. if the delivered their food or delivered the suppliesed 0 whatever, job well done. and now there's really a recognition that it's -- life is much more dynamic than that, and we have power in the resources we provide and we need to use them fully. so is a used just the example, with the right tools, the card, instead of handing out food and just doing nothing to stimulate anything beyond giving people a resource, the card gives the resource gives choice, gives dignity so it's already tripled its value, and then it stimulates the market. it is dish would argue that when the market is happy, and the

community is therefore happy there's more stability, you don't have as much resentsment of people taking over things or replacing systems. so, the humanitarian community has to be much more focused on development, and even in wps fundamental work with food assistance we have to really understand markets. not just who needs assistance but loud they need assistance, how that assistance can add value to the market structure to transportation systems. to everything. so, then can it contribute to technical assistance sniff we're doing a school feeding program in a country and we're not helping the government learn how to take the system over, then we'll be there forever. if we teach them how to run their own program, they can take it over and, pour importantly, if we can integrate local agriculture into the program it becomes something the community values. the kids go to school, the farmers are selling goods, the

government is getting recognition for providing a service to a community. so, these are broader things way beyond just the humanitarian action. they have developmental impact and we all need to continue to look at how we can use our resources in a much more dynamic way. >> how is this impact the world bank group? >> first some of the thinks mentioned earlier, the financial innovations moving to us think about how we deploy our capital more creatively. that's one piece. the other thing i would say is deachening into different sorts of partnerships like those that john and nina talked about. that's another piece. and think the third is just thinking about what are we learning and seeing out there that ought to shape the way we do things. two quick examples that perhaps people wouldn't think of when they think of the world bank. firsting picking up on the-of basic nutrition and feeding people. we have come to realize through tons of research, not just the bank's but james heckman in

chicago and other places, the importance of early childhood nutrition on basic cognitive development and how important it is that children against the right nutrient when they're very young. it matters because from a development perspective, an awful lot of countries have 40, 45, 50% of their children who are stunted, meaning have low height and weight, which ties very closely into cognitive development. it's hard to see an economy really thrives if 45 to 50% of your children are stunted. what we have seen through our program. s in latin america, reductions by half of stunting over the course of ten years. so, in peru, building on a program called -- which i believe you were part of getting together way back when with the brazilians we have been able to reduce stunting in peru from 28% to 14. that it remarkable and then tying it into how that fits with strengthening institutions more broadly. that's the other piece i would

touch on. that's we know how to do well and have done so for many years so the question is how do we strengthen the rest of the educational system so it's more connect to 0 where at the world economy is going on and so on, and on example is how da we utilize new technologies. i think mastercard is a great payment platform. penal thing officer as a credit card company but they do payments and transfers of money. so the kauai who is does that matter from a development perspective? the roenis some countries -- anyway as an example -- there are an awful lot of benefits going out in deathsal mode which reduces leakage or the possibility that i ends up in hands of someone else to the ewan of baseballs of dollars. a country with poor people that want to change that county now you the billions of dollars to come week in bank and say what's the next project you think might have be biggest impact and get in that discussion. >> host: that money more effectively somewhere else. so the point is that there are all sorts of inknow vacations

taking place as we understand the linkages between mere humanitarian fields and more traditionally private sector activities to overall economic health and growth, the more effect enough advising countries and promote val united states we think here in the u.s. can make a difference around the world. >> great, this has been a very patient audience. thank you for being here. i want to -- i see a lot of thought. people in the room. want to call hundred enough friend, andrea koppel from mercy corps who is here. please give my friend the microphone. thank you for being here. >> so much, dan. i guess my question is for matt. also in ida 18, there's a two-1/2 billion dollar carveout for the private sector. could you elaborate on how that is going to work and how the bank is going to ensure that --

because the money will be going into this fragile countries, where often there aren't functioning institutions and whatnot but how you'll make sure that the money is going where it's supposed to go. thank you. >> i want to take advantage of that and ask -- john i want you answer the question how do you work with ngo's like mercy corps on responding to emergencies and then, nina, i'd like you to answer how you work if the ngos and porter in with them. you talk with how you partner with multilateral institutions and i'd wonder thank you you partner with in ngos. >> thinks for the question. after yao i have to be real year the u.s. congress has appropriated the money for ida yet so these are up proposals the bank is coming forward with. we're in the midst of discussions and quite hopeful these things we realized and i would mention again we're about one of the countried. white we're the largest contributor i'd da, any number of other countried, dozens are contributing as well. so this is a longer and more involved process and i don't

want people to leave here think this is flocked and done. there's real two, come. in terms of the private sector window, as it's called. about a third of the bank's lending and investment goes directly to the private sector, the other two-thirds go to governments where they're middle income or the lower income countries. that is through something called the ifc this, international finance corporation. so that's business that we have been doing, and when you think about -- and what goings to are companies that are doing things which increase economic development in any number of the countries where we work. we operate in 120 countries. so, that's something we have already been doing. as you might expect, and to your pointer where you tend to have stronger institutions, more creditworthy banks and more reliable regulatory environments tend to be in slightly wealthier countries, ifc has not done as much poorer countries over time. this is an effort to set aside modify specifically to push harder on the front.

and one of the things i would cite is there's a book recently called "rich people, poor countries" that talks about how you reallyow the economies of very poor countries several had some fascinating statistics showing that about 30 to 50% of exports in many developing countriesed come from the five largest companies in the countries. the point of which is if you can identify the local entrepreneurs who are really growing rapidly and support them you can see huge hiring and job growth over time, and so that's part of what ifc is hoping to do howl to identify those companies and help them to expand, and then importantly, how do we also show again being the more bold capital, show other investors the ifc is in there we've made good money and other people may be into ited to come in as well. the final thing i'll say is in the course of that, is we don't just go in and lend money for project fbs or to investment in a healthcare company. it always goes with advice. so we always say we have

financial capital and intellectual capital and bring them both together. so, for example, if it's very hard to start banger -- start a business, hard to expert because of customs regulations, those are discussions we are having in parallel with the investment to improve the investment climate business climate and we have substance report which gets attention which ranks countries on a number of indicators like energy provision, how regular it is, how long it takes to start a business, whether or not you can declare bankruptcy, whether or not one has an easy time in resolving disputes. always the other things and that's the tool we have to point the light at different countries and say, here's some things you ought to be working on to improve over time. so it's part of a much more comprehensive effort but one that we think is quite timely and we're hopeful all the shareholders come in and really allow ifthrough do even more in those poorest countries because it's so important for our overall mission. >> so john, could you talk about

how to work with the network of partners. there's a whole user of nonprofit -- a whole universe of nonprofit organizations and you must work with them to do your work at the world food program. >> we do, and people way say the ngos are the last mile implementers for wsp and whale tight true in one context, there's so much more, and i think it's -- when we talk about innovation, a lot of the times the ngos are the incubate years to some of outhears creative info vacations and transfers and debit card the ngo communities began investigating that and test it early on but wfp can do with the ngo community other partners is take the things to scale. we have the are symbiotic relationship. one wouldn't work well without thes could also implementing firster ins so we needs them for

in men cases the last mile, but it's just one facet of the need partner. the nogs we need partner with, the private sector. our partnership with unhcr and refugee response is almost where -- we're practically married because they set the standards for targeting, but we have a lot of in the impress tools so we have to work back and forth with them all the time, and it wouldn't work without them. so, don't ever think of it as a simple relationship. it's very dynamic relationship and one that we're going to rely on for a long time. >> talk about how you work with nonprofit organizations as part of what you're doing in the con tsk of refugees, nina. >> sure. every crisis is different. every country is different. every need is different and that's how we approach it.

we have not gone with a one product or one solution fits all. so, therefore, we understand what are they trying to do, what they need to do it what are they trying to solve, and we go in and help solve the problem. whether it be something where it's out in the middle of know where and there's no connectivity. we have specific products for that. how do they get the echo system -- ecosystem to work or whether it be in mainstream cow country and they want too toe get peopled money but they need access to cash. we literally go in and look at it and i wouldn't say customize but we understand the need and we build accordingly and we have a system to get another throughout are out there. it costing the ngos to get that stuff out there. if the difference whether it cost five dollars oar one dollar, difference between it's going to take two weeks to get something out 0 or we can do it in 24 hours, a difference whether they need 50 people to get it out there or whether they northeast one person to get it out there.

those are the thing wes look at. the efficiency, the insight we can bring to to them through data, system build, partnership, what else we need to bring in many cases a market organizer, bringing the right people together to make sure it works. >> great. thank you. other questions and comments from the thoughtful audience? yes, please. this woman here. >> thank you very much. i'm with the united nations development program here in washington. great pleasure. wish we had met before in person. i'm inspired by your experiences. there's two questions perhaps i'd like to raise. one is local authorities. a lot of our experience is that is the burden and the onus of responding, not only to the host community grievances but also to the income communities in jordan

or in turkey, and lebanon, local communities, how are we working together with the local communities that one area that i'd like to ask. ... >>

>> it is also a matter if you move of the money directly into demon hands that is part of why we think about design along those lines. you are exactly right when we were in jordan, certainly we make sure to meet with the appropriateness tears but it is the mayors to do what they want and then you ask the questions would is useful to you this goes back to why it is so important to strengthen those host communities there were about those core constituents. there also drawing on decades of experience of absorbing refugees 40 or 50

years with the palestinian immigrants. you appear what is the most beneficial and this helps to shape the overall design. this is part of what they have learned over the many years how we have the greatest impact. >> to land directly to national governments? >> made do a lot of work there is a gray area with those recommendations in our cases it is something we have to navigate to which we can do that but one of thegs i t in many cases the municipalities is today have

the capacity to absorber this many are there ways to help build those entities overtime they will be stronger? it is a case by case. >> how do you work with the local government on a national level? >> we have a very intense engagement at all levels and also with the banking sector with the local government employees to teach them how to attract the refugee data that they can report what is going on and we're asking the community to help identify the weirdest

providing assistance to the syrian refugees. so not only constantly assess but also food the vulnerable are in no local community so everybody has a better understanding so would then say huge amount as well. then working with the universities in the area to help us understand what is happening in the community. because we don't claim to know we need locals to help us understand what is happening. but there is of bias to do

capital engagement. we paid a very stark picture . what is the ability that you have to get a permission slip? i am not sure what the arrangement is if it is very difficult if you of an agreement with the national government. >> that we have the blanket agreement depending on the country to be more controlled. >> i am making this up if the national government is the red sox and then the city government laugh laugh benzines there are many

developing countries of these opposition party is controlled and then controlled by the other even then terrible emergencies. so you had the ability idol what you talking to that mayor? you have the ability to say no. >> is complicated. [laughter] i wish there was a simple answer but then they have to work. there is a sense of the aid fit there is a heavy bias

toward capital. yes there are examples of government financing five under the belief to have a permission slip to work with these governments with the changes of urbanization with the red sox and yankees example. >> but they wouldn't say we need to speak to an official pet meet with those to give us the information to get the job done but the national government would want. >> we all presume and we hope. >> tuesday we need to get into this area and it is presumed we talk to the local officials to get that information but sometimes it

doesn't go the way you want. >> part of that goes to reputation if this fair and honest they often have more latitude than on a bilateral basis. because they do tend to have a different credibility with an awful lot of places we can say we just did this of 200 million people this is so large country so to take that here is what worked and he did read any news stories about us then people will start to not their head then you go to the next one. also with the brand and the reputation.

>> >> usaid. my question is more about corruption to what extent that builds into your free mark? >> what about corruption quick. >> also financing of development b.c.-- today consistently to make us more accountable as we should. how do you build that into your system? >> we will do this world bank style and gather a couple of questions. >> what role d.c. more traditional aid programs

like food or airdrops? had you plan on integrating them like the monetizing markets credit cards or prepaid cards? >> correction is said great question with all three institutions especially in the emergency response that is something i know the role banc suspend the lot of time but also the issue to reduce corruption. >> part of this goes to the

challenges the, corruption but we have the series of a group of safeguards upon those conditions that protect us by ensuring the certain valuation by doing due diligence or any number of things that we try to institute the likelihood of the world bank project. isn't perfect with the system is in place with a new set of safeguards that will hopefully straighten that to minimize the number of times of those corruption challenges. to utilize the knowledge network to explain what they're drag corruption is on their economy by showing when you eliminate use see

many more benefits so part of that is going back to the resources of the intellectual capital but those ways that our problematic the final thing that we haven't place where someone sees corruption they can come to the independent body than hopefully over time people realize you have a strong set of rules. hist. >> we will do with the question first. you worked in some really tough places heidi major nobody doesn't take an extra

food to give it to the militia complex had denature they're not taking commodities then selling them on the market? >> we do think about it everyday is very hard none of the organization's have a report that they are involved. and then segue over to the new activities not only do we have the biometrics to ensure giving cards to the right people and not giving them to them twice to have visions going fiver six times.

>> but the biometrics are really taking care of that. miso 15 or 20%. >> to eliminate duplication so this new technology has given us the ability of the misuse of resources. to better understand their needs. and the payment to madison or rent. it isn't a corruption issue but making sure we can

fine-tune the programming and again and still allow you that they are the biometric. and where they are appropriate but corruption is a huge issue to watch for all the time but like to see that new technology and then we don't do that much with the host government. that would be in issue. >> i have the exact issue someone getting fivers six cards to safeguard. >> we have a government program and it is the small

country but of that the 16 million and before that day were distributed and costing them $3.66 with the mastercard debit card with uh partnership and basically what that did for disbursement with $375 million also to be paid off of one card. and then i pay a dollar 60.

but that isn't the problem. ended south africa again the with 850,000. and with of refugee program is a true example to make things work in two partnerships. >> moving back into jobs with the nexus of traditional assistance for new technologies. but. >> of little bit of of mixed question that innovative delivery technology they

will be n the repertoire for ever and we continue to innovate but as we've moved to a more local and regional procurement system with those emergencies and not so much of the innovation but what delivers assistance to the syrian side of the border. the new technology is opening the world you could not imagine a few years ago.

>> that would like to comment as they move to new technology there are times when it is more disruptive and then the small mom-and-pop shops there is no longer a need as the organization moves away. menu build the economy from scratch that mom-and-pop shop will start holding a larger variety of goods and more meaningful way. said there is a time and

place to give people the opportunity for pdf for tomorrow. >> questions or comments from the audience? >> this is bank rate of appreciate you coming out for this assistance interesting conversation. [applause] [inaudible conversations]