like we have not seen before freaking get the financial services sector that does not drive capital offshore then bring back but that will drive innovation the tech sector as a just came back from the bay area but it is the crown jewel and ready for a the renaissance there is so much going on with america leading the way we will have a wonderful goldman days ahead of us. >> host: former fcc commissioners and the current technology reporter for the "washington post"

>> the congresswoman from tenth congressional district in florida how did that job prepare you for it as a job of a member of congress quick. >> a 27 year law enforcement officer and chief of police and i have dealt with people in just about every facet. i have seen the results of could government and bad government so i am excited about this opportunity to serve in the special and

different way. >> water your priorities? what did you campaign on specs. >> national-security even down to a neighbor security is a top priority in is foundational with the american dream. police community relations criminal-justice reform to make sure we keep guns out of the hands of people who should not have them and has nothing to do with the second amendment but the mentally ill criminals or domestic abusers and education is the key to success to make scheerer every child has access to quality education and protecting the men and women who protect us and making sure they can retire with dignity. >> on the gun issue how reducing the orlando shooting impactive the

debate quick. >> when i was appointed chief crime was that the all time i was when number one priority but removing crime and guns from the street but we looked at the homicides most were committed with firearms the orlando nightclub shooting now has a title to be the deadliest mass shooting. but i really believe it has provided an opportunity just like the others to come together and let's get to work on this issue to better protect those represent. >> and is their momentum for that price. >> thiis a tough conversation because it is underscored by the second amendment right side carry

one in my possession i get it it has nothing to do with second amendment rights but historic plea be have seen some movement on both sides of the after the nightclub shooting and we are trying to keep that momentum of. >> with police community relations what advice would lead you give to the new head ministration if you could talk to the president-elect? >> no doubt that overwhelming majority of the men and women do it well they risk their lives for strangers everyday we do have issues that need to be addressed and as we continue to hire the by the end -- the brightest and best as we talk about training talk about sensitivity training

to making it mandatory regardless of what they believe will be better equipped to police more diverse community. >> have you thought about the committee want to serve on quick. >> it is a work in progress but with the safety of our nation, as well as making shirr we keep america moving we have 1 million people who visit central florida every year transportation is a key concern. still working through that process. >> thanks for your time upcoming is the republican from york. >> from new york 19 district

a republican who won the swing seat. what is it like representing the swing seat likely to be targeted? is a different for you than the other freshmen members that are very safe republican democratic seats greg. >> undoubtedly be approach is probably different than the one party district progress have said all along that not all the wisdom is on the republican side or the democratic side each side brings points one of the reasons that motivated my candidacy i am frustrated with washington and inability to get things done because the left is on ennis' nbc and the right is on fox talking past each other there is no one and democratic republican solution so i bring my own philosophy but to get things

done we have to work together across partisan lines. i am hopeful that is possible and want to see as croats this economy we have to get more economic growth. often people say they want them to talk more and stop talking hat each other so what is your suggestion as to get to know each other during orientation? >> if we get to know each other is a willingness across party lines. there is a lot of issues with the democratic commissioner or position where like tax reform and makes no sense for the corporations that and bring their profits home to be double taxed taking most agree with that double taxation is not an incentive

we want the dollars to come home to be invested here. there's a lot of areas on the personal and corporate tax side and obamacare is falling apart under its own ways we need a consensus of what comes next. this is for one to work across party lines. >> 19th district bernie sanders got involved what is the of lesson as they are the leaders are reflecting from a week ago? >> in my district the most important thing is local. i responded and talked about issues that were local oriented. in terms of job growth growth, different areas of the district large part in the watershed area the bluestone mining industry the department of environmental protection you

can protect that but it is a vital industry eye focused on local issues of the different areas of of a district whether lyme disease, of bluestone mining , hospital reimbursement rates, people want to representative to come here to work on national issues but somebody is responsive to local issues and there was the contrast in that regard. >> acustar and local government in the '70s. >> no purpose state legislator in the '80s. >> what do you bring from state government to the federal government? >> princeton certain issues not every problem as a federal problem not every problem has a federal solution and common core is a perfect example that is an issue the way it was handled because the state was attracted by the federal money and they rushed into

this with no way to know what to do or how to do it so some issues it was the state and local issue not federal. >> thanks for your time >> there is a huge civic mindedness in american history and not compelled by the government. >> everything from monster flick burgers with 1420 calories and 107 grams of fat, 20-ounce cokes and pepsi, 15 teaspoons of sugar , feeding an epidemic

of childhood obesity. >> there is a thousand entries there is a small community there there are really active users another 20 or 30 that no little bit then they think of themselves as a community. >> then i did my senior thesis it taught me an incredible amount but mostly it taught me what it was like to be a serious historian to sit in the archives all day every day and i realized that was not for me. >> genius is not putting uh

it to dollar idea with $20 but a $2 idea sdoesn't loses meaning. . .

legacy on race issues and criminal justice. speakers include republican campaign adviser, former faith advisor to president obama and the story to marion frances berry. this is part of the government school conference on grace and justice -- race and justice during the obama administration. >> well, it is now my pleasure to introduce the moderator for today's opening panel. kelly is the host of under the radar airing sundays from six to 7 p.m.. her commentaries air monday during the weekend edition. she's a frequent commentator, local and national television and radio programs posted in

"the new york times," the politico and "washington post" and has appeared on broadside, cnn reliable sources on the media, pbs news hour and take away. she appears weekly on wpg htp, examining local and national coverage and frequently hosts current events considering communities of color. she's also been the recipient from the nieman journalism and the john f. kennedy school of government. also the producer for i is on the prize america's civil rights that found her an oscar nomination, national emmy and the dupont columbia award. with that, i'm going to turn over to the moderator to introduce the panelist. thank you. [applause]

>> i will start by introducing the panelist and we will talk about 45 minutes and then there will be time for each of you should ask a question so you can be prepared to do that after we started speaking here. every one of the panelists was a robust biography. you will not hear it now. i'm going to give you the one sentence on a per page. the geraldine arts professor of american social thought, history and african studies at the university of pennsylvania. [applause] joshua is the founder of the values partnership and former head of the white house office of faith-based and neighborhood partnerships. [applause] bthe assistant professor and department of african american

studies at princeton university. [applause] and michael singleton is the republican political consultant, writer and political analyst. [applause] i know our panel title this opportunity and opportunities missed. we are going to start on the opportunities end, which is the uplifting side of the equation and i want to begin with someone who has much gravitas set of professor berry. he worked with several presidents, so when we talk about race and justice and at the age of obama you can bring up a context i think few others can and i want to y t oornit u e fr t picpepeivthat presidt ama has be ae to ke captain -- hav happen?

>> im a cynic because i served in some capacity in every administration since nixon, republican and democrat. so when i look at obama when he was running for office, i was excited about it and they looked at him in the context of all the other administrations that i knew about and never believed in hope and change to begin with because i knew too much and i also teach so i didn't know too much about it obama, not to be too cynical because i don't like to discourage people, but the opportunity that he had was to show what joe biden said about him was correct that he was clean and articulate and would always be that way. but coming to the president he wouldn't be frightening to

anybody and he had all of the right credentials and had been authorized places i places and d alplaces in the punchbowl to wrd some engaging personality and was really smart, and no one had to be embarrassed by what he did in the way that he behaved with his wife and children, his mother-in-law and all the things he did that he would engage in the model personal behavior which he did do. he also knew from the speech he gave at the convention that he was a wonderful artist and i happened to have written a book about it called over and words about all the speeches he made in the background of all of them so you knew he was incredibly lucky because the senators he ran with and against collapsed in the illinois race which gave a leg up and he was incredibly lucky because he was from

chicago, and the islands look at the chicago tv and everyone knew him and people came from chicago in the first primary and when i told bill clinton and hillary was going to lose they should stop running and bill got mad at me. [laughter] so he had the opportunity to show when you are black and have the opportunity to do something, and i've been in that position a lot of times when i saw some people say you are going to mess it up so much that people can never do it again i don't think anyone can say that he messed up so much that nobody black can do it again. racial inequality has been touched, the people that got still get and give more and is

not only that but the article the other week about people that are educated and have college degrees and come to place this like this in the job market they don't get the same opportunity to move up so capitalism is safe to. we haven't had a widespread rebellion and the deplorable as i guess they are called are still out there. i think the opportunity is to show with the right credentials to write kind of man can do the job and he's done the best he could with what he had. >> is there a specific policy that he was able to take all that but you just said and make that work in a policy that you think exhibited his use of the opportunity?

>> i think that obama didn't use his policies and opportunities in the first term as effectively as i would have liked to see. i was present at the creation of the affordable care act and they know that lots of people come advocates at the end tried to ask them to put a public option in the affordable care act coming int and the democrats had control of congress. they could have done it, but the other thing that is a more grievous failure is they left the whole wide enough for a truck to drive through so the court could find medicaid didn't have to be expanded and millions of people who live in the poorest states in the country, mississippi, alabama, a lot of folks, his constituents and all that all across the country are covered because they were trying to hide what was in the bill

from the republicans and they didn't let the staffers that had the expertise needed the bill as nancy said lots of people, they didn't know what was in eighth but theit butthey got it passedd the majority you can't blame on the republicans. they had a majority. the other thing i say he should have done better i would have hoped in my opinion is the race to the top using that discretionary money for the untested, untried, i evaluated money that could have been spent on programs for kids who are out on the streets now stealing and robbing and shooting each other and for them to be in school and training and job programs like they did at one time cooking the 60s and 70s, and afterschool

programs and vocational programs to get them off the street which are tried and true. they are not just pie-in-the-sky check it out. they are trying the truth. >> i'm going to stop you there because you are going into my opportunity [inaudible] i approach you on this question with some interpretation because you began when president obama came in by saying he wasn't on your plan but i want to ask you to dig deep and find the opportunity that he was able to make happen in terms of policy. >> i think if i can the president has done a relatively decent job. i think in particular if you look around at the country at the african-american youth even

hispanic youth and poor white who share the same communities as those groups, he is given a lot of hope and inspiration and i think for a lot of minorities who believed of course you can accomplish whatever you put your mind to an america, that wasn't quite fully realized until you did see the minority become the first president of the most powerful individual in the world. that is something i don't think any number of case studies, you can't quantify with something like that for the community of people and if you look at places like chicago and baltimore, new orleans, other cities, and my grandmother happens to be an educator and i visit often and talk to a lot of the kids there and they lived in an environment i could never imagine. when i ask them what you think

about your future, how do you see your self and would you want to do once you're done with high school and going to college, etc., more often than not they say i can do anything now. when you ask why, they say look at president obama and michelle obama. i constantly reflect on what that means and it's puzzling. i'm not quite sure how to figure out what his presidency has meant to so many black and brown people. and again, i think that's something that you can't quantify and maybe you can theorize that it, but for me that's not a policy, it's beyond policy. it's something that i think and i hope will potentially uplift the entire generation of people so that is an opportunity for me. >> you start from the position of faith, but i know that at the selma 50th anniversary, you connected the civil rights

movement was president obama's legacy. legacy. you saw the connection and spoke about it. so i'm wondering if you see that as his opportunity. [laughter] >> i am a person of faith, but i would like to talk about [inaudible] concrete policy achievements that we've seen over the last eight years, and then we can move after that. first, the african-american unemployment rate at the height of the recession in 2010 was 16.8% at last monday was 8.3%. because of president obama's intervention, and i was there at the beginning when he wrote down pennsylvania avenue to switching arms on capitol hill to make sure that we got the stimulus act passed and he made the moves on the auto industry that he didn't support the unemployment rate has been cut in half.

the second thing i would mention is the affordable care act. certainly much more could have been done. the public option would be ideal and was very much immersed in the negotiations that was a little known fact. a black woman graduate of harvard law school and the first cabinet secretary drafting a lot of the language even with the flaws in the affordable care act some are non- seniors and it's been cut in half since the beginning of the open enrollment period. that is a big deal for their real-life individuals that have health insurance because of president obama. obama. a few more things. the president has permanently banned the use of solitary confinement for juvenile offenders. that's a huge deal. i used to work at a juvenile facility in cambridge and interacted with number that

spend weeks or months in solitary confinement. that's not allowed anymore. i'm just solitary confinement but with juvenile dissension in general we have 30% fewer juveniles in secure detention today than we did when president obama started in 2008. he's begun to shift towards the community-based programming in a very specific way. talking about teen pregnancy and the bush administration we had ideological approaches and interventions that didn't focus on concert shots i -- contraception and we also had the team right to come -- teen pregnancy rate has dropped 34.9% of the big deal because the president has invested in the evidence-based intervention particularly related to contraception and also

community-based programs as well. i could go on and on and you could look at the number of black folks and black women on the federal bench, 26 appointments more than any other and that woman will be there for the lifetime so i think in general i should say there is a little bit of a disconnect between the way the folks i interact with for example in my second home which is my barber y barbershop on the 11th and eighth, and the perspective of president obama in the more you beat african-american circles, i think even in my own family there is the sense that he did everything he could and there were some achievements made by the way we take a look there is more disappointment. i could go on with more but --

>> [inaudible] [laughter] i might ask you to answer the same question what did the administration get right about using an opportunity to make policy? >> is a very complicated question because i think when you look at the level of expectation and hope that existed at the beginning of the obama administration where in some circles at least in the news media there was a discussion on whether or not we were entering into the post-racial period and there was a majority who believed the election was the achievement and if you look at the end o those d

the level of expectation that came in where we are now, ironically it was during this administration you had to be irruption of black lives matter and it raises a serious question i don't think is posed justified that he leads and we can see that question into the complications hillary clinton has right now in terms of mobilizing the voters. we have to grapple with the fact that 44% of the black voters between 18 and 30 are voted for bernie sanders and when president obama is saying that hillary clinton is a continuation of his administration would does that mean about almost half of the young black voters and what is the disconnect that is borne out in their own experiences in terms of dealing with police violence and is borne out in the enormous amount of student debt

that the black students in particular have incurred, and it's borne out in the complete uncertainty about what the future holds a in terms of having jobs that can respond or get rid of that and the ability to have a secure future in general. so i think that there is a big question. there are policies we can pick out that say this may have had a positive impact for this group of people that when we are looking at the overall assessment in terms of where the expectations were, and i was the quickly when people talk about expectations it is unrealistic to waste this on the president i think we have to look at how the expectations were cultivated. barack obama wasn't the first

political choice in 2007, 2008 but there was a concerted effort to try to transform his campaign into less of a political campaign and more of a social movement. i had never heard a presidential campaign from the mainstream. from the legacy of the abolitionist movement and the stonewall rebellion in the movement to say his campaign as an expressioisan expression of s mobilization that can stand up to the status quo that's what a lot of the disappointment rise on the disconnect between what candidate obama ran on and president obama ultimately

became. that is the complication in the history that we have to deal with. >> let's move to the opportunities missed a. some people said nothing is more expensive than an opportunity missed. so what did it cost us, we are talking about race and justice as the theme of this conference so in terms of race and justice, what did it cost for these opportunities to the next? >> it is a destabilizing thing and i agree we do not have the level of change that was

articulated so beautifully in 2008 but with the mighty missing from that they've done an amazing job of pointing that out and as we now see is white supremacy out for everyone to see. we can see the trump supporters and a petite pretty movement in 2010 and the issues with race and policing now. we can't do surgery without the x-ray. i think it probably took the country too long an to one and e president too long to identify what a lot of folks in the room knew already. but now i guess because of the tremendous work of others around the country pointing this out,

keeping the issues at the forefront now we can do something about it and can talk about the implicit bias. we are having serious rigorous conversations about shifting but the way that it affects other areas of american life, so it is on the table now along with the missed opportunities and the fact that it took a while to get on the policy is other achievements came to be. but now we can do something about it. a >> you started off with a number of things that i want yoto target race and justice and to say what do you think is the chief opportunity missed from this administration? >> i think the black unemployment rate that joshua mentioned with 16.9 or something and i spent three years trying

to get somebody in the white house to target programs towards black unemployment and at one point, it was high and people's houses were getting foreclosed and there were stories in the paper, and people that have jobs but then laid off in the school systems in all kind of bad things happen. finally i had to resort to getting a reporter to raise this question at a white house press conference. when the reporter raised it, finally the other reporters started raising and then there were stories about it in the press. but it may be each point whatever he said now, twice the rate of everybody else. it always is since clinton took the whole first term, you have suffering a and the point is you could make some of the resources i talked about in my earlier

answer trying to do something there. i know the stimulus was passed but it wasn't big enough for targeted right and there were questions with it. i say on policy we can criticize if we must and i said he did the best he could with what he had. for what they did when the democrats had total control, when they could have passed they had votes and his problem is not just the white deplorable as with the poor people of his people t. the problem is the democratic party has become too much the party of the managerial elite and professional classes and isn't the party of the poor anymore. that is a major problem. since it is not, people on the hill have to worry about whether they get campaign contributions and the reason they kept the

insurance industry in is because of the fact and the woman that was lobbying for the insurance plans, she was the best now making money doing something else, she would laugh when people would criticize the industry because she knew they were going to get a big cut out of this thing but now they say give us money because we are losing out. my point is it's not just obama. the problem is the democratic party and what it does as a party that no longer represents the people that wants to vote for it every time they want us all to go out and vote. and what do they do, scare us. or this is going to happen to you. you've got to vote. forget about the policy part and what we didn't do and what we are not going to give. are we going to do that and how did you us accountabl you is ace

don't hold them accountable. what we do then is go to sleep until the next time they come back and say vote for us people like us we will all do our way to the matter who is president. but i'm talking about the people front downand that's who i'm talking about and the people next or the opportunity for somebody to rise up, somebody like bernie sanders. he wasn't my favorite guy but at least he talked the talk. obama is fine. he did great and as you compare them with trump and his approval ratings are so high people love him and pay for him ever pray fy sunday in church. [laughter] trump is so bad that when something is bad even it looks

good. [laughter] i know you didn't ask me all that -- [laughter] this focus is about president obama and his administration and you made the point the party also had a part to play in that. michael earlier made the point that though the hope and change was important in terms of the cultural response but certainly black american. it still didn't translate into policy that he could pinpoint. a lot of the criticism for president obama was in the rain should of what he could do regarding policy. there is no emphasis on targeting the policy for african-americans specifically. i know you've been a chief critic about this, so for many

people -- >> he said in the midst of 2012 in the second run for president just to clarify, i'm the president of the united states, not a black america, in this period which there was disproportionate suffering and impacts of the economic crisis in black communities and again and part of the reason why the tide turned for obama among black voters was that you believe whether or not he made specific promises you can't pinpoint but the idea change doesn't come from washington that comes through washington and yes we can and all that was the idea that the election would result in particular attention

paid to the problems and the beauty but for front page when the economic crisis was happening. not only did no that not happent it's important to point out how the president also while not paying particular attention to the community's policy wise, was also preserving the species are blaming black communities for the problems that existed. what i mean by that is that at a time when the occupied movement is exploding and the entire western world is talking about the economic poverty, the problems of capitalism, the reckless pgp or in wall street, and a direct implication since 2008 what is he talking about, black men need to act.

but parents need to turn off the tv and read to their children. according to chicago is bemoaning the lack of a role model. all of this kind of language that was taking the spotlight and emphasis off of the systemic problems everyone was talking about and redirecting the attention back into the behavioral or the morality of the communities and basically, preserving that space which was shrinking in effect and keeping it alive which was distractive. >> about is that fair win the presidency though if large is limited in the powers of what it may do command the expectation he would target not one that should have happened giving even everything he said. if you go into the black community and talk about your

candidacy as a product, if you go and try to demonstrate your campaign as the trajectory of social movements that have been unfolding since the 19th century, then i think it is unfair for them to then turn back to the communities and say why do you expect me to do particular things, president obama that spent much of his administration from talking about race and dealing with issues in the community then, a month ago they said if black people don't vote for kerry clinton, that is a slander against my legacy.

[inaudible] >> i will come back to you. your job is to look at the political process and direct so given that we understand that the presidency is limited, can't get the strong reaction, you created the expectation. explain to me from your perspective race and justice and how he may have even in his administration taken an opportunity to exchange that. >> to my surprise and not the biggest fan and in 2012 i worked for governor romney and speaker ryan. i traveled all over. they were my preference to be in the white house but as it pertains, he's probably been president of all attempting to get legalized marriage, they

advocated for that. they advocated for some type of comprehensive immigration that these are specific initiatives he chronicled during the policy. policy. for the most part he didn't say anything as it relates to greece and injustice. i want to talk about two come education and criminal justice reform. when i want to fission come ion use one now, and typically i'm the only republican and we talk about these issues weekly and it baffles me when you look at an education called the pell grant. most of my friends went to. the rules are drastically

changed. that impacted a lot of african-americans. the rules for creditworthiness were absolutely changed. they can't send their kids to college who may want to go to school. you might say they can play at predominantly white institutions. most wouldn't qualify. it would give them an opportunity to excel but if the parents can't find a loan to get them through the door they can't go see you have kids on the street. you see of chicago, baltimore. the president had a meeting with congressional black caucus members. the president for the most part

was dismissive and disputed that it was quite clear. it should have hired graduation rates and this and that and so they say we get those things. i remember in college i had many of my friends that came from destitute backgrounds and they didn't perform very well. moorhouse being more house, they kept the students there. i was on a and getting a story during a commercial break at a young lady underfunding and couldn't afford to be there.

they said got to let her go. we can't do that. she's not performing academically. we are going to work with her. if the president has his way they will continue to cut funding for the people that voted 90% supported you, extremely loyal you can work on comprehensive immigration but for the people that gave the majority of their vote both times you mean to tell me we can't focus on making it easier for them to have a quality education and criminal justice reform. of the 600 individuals i

believe. believe. >> 774. >> lyndon johnson i believe was over 200. it cost between 18 to 50,000. federal cosfederal cost betweeno 30,000 per year. our prison system in the country is at capacity. we have the largest prison population in the world, the largest. 90% of the people imprisoned are in for nonviolent offenses. 90%. we have a minimum that impacts african-americans and hispanics and the president hasn't focused on these issues. it's absurd he doesn't focus on

the issues and gave the majority of support and he ignored these issues. if you ask me the president hasn't been a very effective job and those are two things that impact block people. my grandmother is an educator. i see how these impacts affect communities. that's an exampl one example tht has failed. >> because you are in the white house with the president, he curated the expectation that more would be expected but because he is the first african-american army treated to a treating him differently than we would have treated another administration.

>> i mean this in a specific way to address a couple of important points that have been raised. one, criminal justice in terms of where president obama has been. he gave a major speech into the advice showed where he was the first president to tour and if they had been on a push. who stopped criminal justice reform and others who were not bringing the criminal justice reform to the floor. we want to talk about specific policies and the president addressing race. i would love for someone to

study the disconnects many of which are reacted to positively than the same folks can say i've been there for many of them in 2007 when he gave a generation speech and in 2007 after that speech, he walked over to the reverend and pushed him across the bridge privately in ways that folks will never know. i was in philadelphia when he gave his speech on the campaign and after martin was killed he went to the rose garden and said if i had a sony would look like him followed up after the acquittal and went down to the

briefing room and looked at systemic issues. i was in charleston when he was 7 feet above the coffin. it could have been a regular eulogy but he spoke about black people in this country and i was sitting right behind the family when the congregation rose to greet him when he didn't know if he could go on to the next their voices with his. [inaudible]

>> 15 seconds of policy. you heard the achievement but he emplaced the big names and we can talk about his and her achievements in days they will never know like the head of the council who dramatically expanded the neighborhoods around the country in her tenure and he has a tremendous amount he could have done and should have done and there is a reason. did he do as much as he could, the majority would have questions on it and a pretty good assessment. >> i want to bring it back to.

>> i hear this a lot and it drives me nuts. the president gave great speeches. that's not results. as it pertains to senator chuck grassley i do not agree with the fact he's holding up criminal justice reform and in my opinion i would say he's not targeted for having the publicity initiative i would want it targeted at specific issues. >> that's not how dc works and you know that well. if you take it up or down on the issue and go down from there --

>> there's a reason he didn't. >> i want to push back on the notion that it's only delete blocks that criticize the president. you can do any number you want to and it won't criticize because of the different measures. if you think the people on the streets and ferguson were the elite then i'm not sure i can help you with th or the people e streets in charlotte or ordinary black working class people who'd been on the street for two years

because of the absolute lack of change as we talk about the race and justice and missed opportunities the president doea number of things to appeal to the activists and cultivate the ideas that something is happening and came out of the first wave of protests it's been almost 19 months since the recommendations of the report came out and another 1300 people have been killed by the police. we can talk about the federalism and the lengths to which the

federal government can go to. on the other hand, if a is a problem with the fee evenhanded approach that the president probably has to do but these are the reasons the movement is on the streets because of that response and you can't dismiss that as a couple of professors having an issue with president obama but everyone is it makes no sense of the current political situation and the rejection of hillary clinton, those have to be accounted for.

you have 30 seconds. we are going into questions. >> the speeches that are wonderful and builds up the purse, but i'd do as first as a president that is good at that can do that effectively and it comforts and makes all people of color feel great. it's not about policy unless the policy is implemented after that were before. the second thing is part of the problem is we don't know enough history there should be more history and policy making here at the kennedy school and other places because most people don't

know when you talk about the policing and the commissions that do violence to be made recommendations about what they should do. but if we knew something about that before it might help us. the third thing is obama hasn't had the pressure put on him that others have had. when folks have tried in groups to get them to do something at the white house they get crossed out. republicans love us, democrats love us. your job is to -- go over there and take care of all these

problems. so they know we love obama and they haven't pressure. if you have a president in the white house with unemployment and all these other things you would have more people complaining. we just wanted to go through and go on and be happy to. we need a microphone. >> no one mentione >> no one mentioned anything about foreign policy and to connect it to this most killed the hundreds of thousands of people of color around the world and the second is the fact this may be more of a comment no one

has gone to prison, wall street, criminal and police. the >> yes and indeed. i don't like all those people getting killed but the foreign-policy cannot send troops somewhere and be killed or lose their limbs and come back as amputees. as far as wall street since capitalism is intact you don't expect them to go after those people and be jailed. they don't care how much you find them. they've got enough money left and it's for going to jail.

[laughter] >> you have a relationship with president obama and there's been talk about how he was the community organizer and campaigned a social movement preserve yet there has been a policy support at the federal level. why was there a disconnect but then the organizing experience and his lack of policy.

>> one of the great failures in the obama administration was the lack of transition and all that enthusiasm the movement that could have helped healthcare reform that there was a significant gap so i think moore could have been done from the dnc perspective from the leadership across government and all the mechanisms in the party. there are a few bright spots

both in practical and relational the president engages with the groups and brings them into conversation about the policy initiative in the same room as a those who heard from last night. he's able to evoke a conversation about where we were organizing in the movement and where we are now. this isn't an achievement but it's the best thing that happened and that was in response to the issues these young activists saw across the country. the president certainly didn't create the block by air moveme

movement. there's a robust conversation on the policy initiativ initiativet in and of itself is a unique thing saying i'm in a dialogue with community organizing and activists and the federal government agovernment and my gg everything and asking for no but the conversation is being taken seriously. you mentioned there is a lack of targeting that the mobilization in terms of voting is marked as revolutionary by some to get the voters to the polls so why was

that not present in the implementation of policy or could it have been used to encourage popular participation? >> i worked with three presidential candidates. if the strategy was utilized you could have put a lot pressure on some members of congress to have to answer to some of the questions versus tabling the option. if you are getting thousands of calls a day let's bring it up for an up or down vote and he

could utilize that. >> it's the first year or so when president obama had a super majority in congress. it speaks to the competition and the political will so that is part of the problem and when people talk about the discussion of race and issues of criminal justice to attribute that to. what's missing there is the

movement has actually force the unprecedented way so we look at troy davis led a marc where theh around washington, d.c. hoping to get the president to make a statement but no one was naïve enough to say he would intervene directly to george about to make a statement these were the reasons we voted to have a president in the white house in the first place and he said the next day this was a states rights issue. it took the mobilization 45 days to get him arrested.

the president has been reactive to these things that speaks to his intelligence that you can't ignore these issues but some of the reasons mentioned that has to do with the constraint i'm not sure are completely interested in having the electorate outside of the voting cycle in the midterm election. >> i see you over there but i'm going to go over here. yes sir, in the back. >> if i tell you i'm a dangerous driver you're not going to think of my part of just being dangerous driver. we were told in an implicit and explicit ways from the inception

of the candidacy but he's very different. he's not like us, he's a different person. how much of the things he has done as president that were different or outstanding or outliers were overshadowed by the negative expectations that were created and built around him at the very beginning in other words how much of what he has been able to achieve has been washed into their communities of color is how much has been washed in the fact we were told from the beginning is going to be different and they might be different or scary but they are not seem that way because he's living up to negative expectations. ..

>> >> not to all this can be at uh doorstep of president

obama obviously, but when you are the leader of the free world of young men and pakistan erase this that expectation in this country. to talk about the complications because we have seen in the american government and very sporadically with those issues of poverty and inequality. >> with those negative viewpoints and when those are borne out it should be pointed out but he then marginal progress and 2015 was the largest decline of the poverty rate and among

black children that dropped. and 400,000 black children are below the poverty line rainout. that is important but that what president obama but place so there is that broad expectation that they will get better and they have gotten more apparently worse and that obama put them out on the table himself. but that causal chain is that the white americans reacted to the black president in office and

especially young activists would mobilize to the reaction and then also had an ongoing role to respond to that but it now has the issues at the forefront but the question is where do we go from here? and that is accountability. >> what specific race related piece of legislation would you like to advise of the scene past and how likely? >> that is a hard question.

for this simple fact i am not sure with the partisanship. so taxing a friend to work send out whitehouse and that i try my best. and then to focus on education i think the focus on criminal-justice reform verses one big policy initiative but again i am not even sure if those would have passed.

>> bid is the wrong question . what i would have liked to have seen passed that would have been affected positively for those who were left out and did not have jobs. if you ask that question with what you need to do is propose a piece of legislation with the highest poverty rate are then you would get those black folks and by the way public debt of poverty rate look at where it started. so now that i hear the

proposal from the caucus but then to propose that that they were there. such again into of these problems. just to save the areas where that existed. and with those groups. and i am here to talk about black folks and still make even to the professor's point from those that would benefit. and taken not to areas specifically but those that

take many resources. >> and in the last year. >> and what they did was the now -- and knocked down drag out fight he fought for as much as he could. but i wish that was the case but you couldn't second he decided i will move onto health care by the time that is over we're end the political disaster by not selling the health care bill through that infinite period bedtime that started with

the economic recovery and then react the midterm election comprehensive immigration reform also a hemorrhaging economy but it is important with those easy legislative answers because that was very difficult. >> that is not the point. that is not the point jasper and anybody knows that we need that. but the point is when you have control of the legislature you can do what you want you make choices are well-to-do and with that grab bag if that is

absolutely essentials to the 90 percent electorate maybe you could take a look at it. that's all i'm saying. >> one of the issues i am concerned about of the devastating effect of foreclosures on of community it affects everything else coupled with the gentrification for status of the community to affect educational achievement linked to every issue with mental health status and one thing i am curious about of course, they could strengthen their position in the context of the income

inequality. so what d.c. as opportunities but housing is a shelter so water some opportunities to be taking care of in terms of dealing with that issue? in terms of a policy? >> so lack of accountability and think people should have gone to jail period and the department of housing urban development and out of substandard public housing but that sense where possible everything that they could with hud and treasury with the most urgent for closure cases i

don't think there was the approach to address these foreclosures. >> after they lost their homes in the of fallout of the recession, i think the issues of debt forgiveness once it was discovered that bill loans that were made to the african american and said prime loans that were pushed frontally, and that there should be some type of debt forgiveness as a result . some ways if you talk about the obama administration, it

tries to look get that individual as we talk about huge system issues. of course, when goldman sachs runs the treasury department it is very unlikely they are going to be put to in jail is the same with the real-estate industry and had and the rules and laws and regulations to not be as beneficial as they could. >> it is a peculiar to the obama administration but to show continuitys much as people want to talk about but with the housing crisis

in particular how typical this a penetration reacted to spending and deflecting the finance inspector for the real-estate industry. so to engage in those duplicitous practices so you get some fund nobody is seriously punished and it begins to replicate itself wells fargo was implicated to push those ghetto loans now has new shoes. because none of these people are ever punished to account for fraudulent or illegal business practices so with

that respect the obama administration talk audi's operations operate. and do think it is important to mention the consumer financial protection bureau for it would not be in place and we would not know about the wells fargo current issues with a very aggressive intervention at all think that is as important for those that should have taken place but it is a substantial focus that it has to much authority since the creation

that is an advocate on behalf of consumers doing real things like clothing walt -- wells fargo accountable. >> ultimately they will. >> that is the next great issue and that reaches the important conclusion to pay teachers more than that is missed in the conversation. >> but black recovery was not mls.

>> my frame of reference i am not a large urban district those that are primarily undocumented so my question is do you feel that president obama replaced load chart -- no child of behind that it was then taking in opportunity? >> >> i think no child left behind they would call that kiss my behind. and they stalled of a trademark from the children defense fund and we all know that but that seems that he

probably believes is education policy people believe they were making progress but the meter title of the act to tell you right away is not real because first of all, not every student will succeed and by what happens in school. most believe saturn not shared by the education policy people that in fact, the only thing you need to worry about is what happens in school. in with the social economic issues but of every student

doesn't succeed so i also to give up the public money to places settled vacation ago. that pays off. so the first push of education policy without any kind of fundamental research they should do what ever it is. idol they do for report is what my parents did for me? why did they keep doing all these things?

without giving them the opportunity and it was largely a matter of money. and starting with disconnecting but what he said the reason why we don't want a department of education because it is connected to everything else addition stay with the department of education. but he was right. bed to be disconnected from what type of work do people have? what is going on in the community?

not every student will succeed. >> with those events taking place with avon martin -- trade on martin has obama done anything to scale back the material from the department of defense to the police department in order to cut down what is going. >> he didn't. >> the answer is yes. with funding available with full funding on the

militarization side with the implicit bias trading for the police department as much as possible, he has done something with the department of justice with the federal consensus for the police department. the need to have a much more robust conversation how local communities when he doesn't have ultimate authority so we had rigorous investigations were they sent justice officials or the black attorney general's into the local communities with those issues with the police department's in these communities. so that is another mechanism

slowed due date but do more to impact local police? there is additional things but there are components to take into account but this is a moment of frederick. lot want them not to talk about policing because of the tragedies. he addressed to the tragedy to memorialize but he also talked to rob policing. when he does something unexpected he could have done this into implement the that is what he is mostly focused on. and with those continued issues and that was

crystallized with the of movement with the elway the deaths of freddie gray was handled and the corridor -- corder could say the death was a homicide in all those that were involved could be held to account so two years later, countless meetings in the white house, where a commission hopes and still those police officers to killed mike brown is not indicted when he choked eric bernard to death is not invite one negative indicted even in south carolina one that was held without bail

because the judge said he felt bad because he was removed from his family for so long so this is part of the frustration we can have these experiences to document those illegal practices in any given city to have an impact with black and brown communities. in the heat of the social movement to restrict the amount of military hardware but then the aftermath said

he would seek about allowing the police department's to have that military hardware. so with the 80th there's a lot of talking and not a lot of action. we can't go through those complications and bureaucracy on a local level . but at the end of the day if nothing happens to impede the ability of the police to treat them as second-class citizens in this country then be frustration and anger is demonstrated and then continue to be on display. >> i think the president could pull federal funding

so that militarization should be a concern to a lot of people so that bothers me sigma:negative significantly the you have this much power. so negative day military and that is antithetical to conservatism and it is extremely perplexing. so we have a lot of police. >> but that is not the question. [laughter] [applause] so they will say we are normally on numbered but that is the necessity. >> but the republicans or

the white people would be all over this. does is sickly it's not like we're walking down the street with them sixteens that argument was within itself. and that should be at the forefront something bad is drastically concern i have to say my party has not taken the right stance on that issue. >> no question in my mind whatsoever.

and that killer is out on bail between rigorously looking at the issue and what is the president's role even if he agrees he should not have their role the, but even the president but the federal role? that is racism. i agree completely. i don't think anyone that has those decisions made by local prosecutors or the local courts i think that is the accurate connection there are some ways with levels of funding and training with specificity and objectivity that is more than we would like.

but we are required to ask the question what is our black president's role? >> we have to live it all -- leave it there race and justice in the age of obama tanks to my friends. [applause]

>> the police department i know very well then you're city police department one of the smallest strange police departments on the planet 5 million calls per year approximately 50 shootings per year. almost invariably against an armed assailant but if you go down the street to talk to people all large number would say if he were waiting for the data they think that misrepresentation is only on right we have to get the politics out of it

[inaudible conversations] >> okay. hid the pleasure urge to be

here to introduce our next panel. i was so enthralled by everything that happened in the first two hours i forgot i had a part to play in the next section so forgive me. introducing our moderator who will take it from there there, the pulitzer prize-winning author and coexecutor producer of the pbs documentary based on the same name and is also a colleague. also a contributing correspondent at the washington post and producer and host of america public affairs program produced by the university of virginia and ears of 100 public television's across the united states. the book is support and how

we frame is starkly the long journey of the of raw materials toake their way to teach right with the hon free labor and it is haunting and connected to the incarceration there is a lot more to say that is wonderfully detailed but for now in the interest of moving forward read his book and watch the documentary and pay close attention to what he will say now. [applause] >> we did first meet with the interviews were done with a group of historians.

>> is that better? i first met him by watching video and done by a the collaborator with the greatest filmmakers i called him not payback to say this is a good-looking guy. i did not know it is great to be here with a terrific group of people. let me quickly for those folks setter appear on the stage by the way it was too

low more than the expensive men from the department of political science said the university of washington specializes in the study of american politics postwar civil war south and the author of civil rights in the making of the modern american states. and to examine the rules of the criminal-justice system with the economic power after the civil war. >> and with of focus and to

share in diversity's for the southern. also we have the deputy vice president of office and research at the national council with an expert on immigration policy with the latino issues perspective and electorate overseen the overseas shipment negative overseas work of immigration of cynical life and public policy also at the kennedy school where we are. solvent meeting in criminal law and criminal procedure of ethics and race theory of the harvard criminal-justice

institute and serves as the first and it was a founding something about emerging celebrity? a very serious history for pop me dead:negative media croping lofty area is with the to farmers of african studies with the university of michigan she likes history her work has appeared in "the new york times" with "huffington post" and then her recent book the prison uprising of 1971 ended has been

something evades sensation the past year i heard her commiserating many times more than i would never be done. but on this topic we heard uh discussion that is pretty critical of the of loss but with issues of race. >> beck get rid of the backdrop for lack of fulfillment in terms of the pressure but that is your

view versus the critique that we just heard. >> the interesting thing to meeting is finished and it would negative current that relates back to the serious panel if there is undue expectations of the first african-american president to deliver on civil rights and other issues said is completely unrealistic to expect from anybody else. kevin the state at the time to think it will start to feel out both negative the

moment you drive it off the lot because that is so incredible and so we it one negative unrealistic but that being said with the largest we were but to this day he is very tense. >> what i would say it is hell of for you may and recently had a number of disagreements on that have so the arab potion is but in

some ways and is the reverse with president obama immediate need there was an attack that he would be a president only for the black americans. but he was very pressured how he would think age the issues of race and sometimes openly and aggressively of civil rights there is a little bit of that no question. but the years side of the coin is some ways we have accepted certain frames but not for a very long time.

but to lead with and part of that was not the strategy that republicans keep talking about those of border terrorists in democratic presidents he can >> there was a lot and

>> >> on policing

anti-immigration and some of these issues that were also mentioned was jobs. they really need to do those so to bring those back to us civil-rights not falling into that original accusation that he would only be a prisoner for some americans and not others, it was how to frame certain things. and in many cases pieces of legislation is where we are lacking and you could see not just the president all of congress, you could see in those pieces of legislation, a figure princess people who tried to

be careful not to have a backlash so with fat economic intervention to the most vulnerable communities with tax reforms to be on the chopping block with that fight over andover again. i don't know how many elections with the majority of americans but not necessarily a war on poverty but no more on the pore and at least that has not then be assertive attempt to challenge that we continue to talk about the middle-class we like to talk about down but in that

vacuum has gotten more vicious and to talk about who was not worthy or who was undeserving and that is incredible to me that you are the working poor you have to spend some much energy just trying to survive and make it that imagine if people had some support with that energy could be used the same way you when i use it sitting here to have a connection in to that experience. >> so for everybody to get something. >> i will continue to split the tension of the age of obama in the political channel or what a particular

person could do. if i talk about the age of the obama the status civil-rights is terrible. with the rollbacks of voting rights, reproductive justice , indigenous sovereignty, that does not even guess to the question of policing or civil authorities or to scale out further that this minister and -- in diminishment to be treated disrespectfully to shame the president and his constituency so i leave the age of obama thinking that is terrible for the

questions they think deeply about i know we are 27 days away from an election that specifically calls from voters suppression and cares little about jurisprudence and made by purposely completely clean. i don't feel good right now. i have only had one cup of coffee. [laughter] but is no negative assessment of where we are at the end of the year. >> very briefly to piggyback on the last comment, is extraordinary complicated question because if you think about it on a purely descriptive register, absolutely it is dour. but think about the question

and some sense of hope they cannot save civil-rights repair. that does not happen this executive is constrained in real wages. but one sign that the least gives me some help because it suggests the civil-rights division has been busier than any administration may be except during johnson. id has been busy but there are laws that congress passes that will constrain his reach in a very real way . i will give you example the we can pass this on but there is a mention of trade vaughan martin with the of

last panel. a was the correct decision for the department of justice. >> but it is written in a way that it is normally impossible to intervene. they have to show at the time zimmerman had the death blow he was motivated solely by racial animus. how do you prove that? but that is the of law and what they are constrained with. symbol of the common the case in the trial court to because of pore laurie will blaring peaches in this year national way that cemented that was lost because people we're going to page engine

-- pay attention and that is why that was lost. class civil rights has to be viewed in a broader context and we have to put pressure on many actors in the system if i get to was state that i think most people would be comfortable of goodwill to be in. is an illustration has done everything he could have done given the limitations. the answer is no especially untrue that the obama era and also with civil liberties. to think what i really want

to talk about right now is guantanamo torture i am sure there are a few love cheyenne terms he lost money then he made moves to close guantanamo but for so long he least those that were sitting and guantanamo. that is very but by all national security agencies.

>> also what is important to think about that militarization abroad and also torture and guantanamo. but the reason why think it is important, not just water boarding because we know that is important, of that the different forms of torture and it is important to think about what is going on. >> thinking about that militarization oftentimes there was the surplus material but then it is used domestically.

and then some above is so what happened and guantanamo with other areas of the world and not think about what is going on here. we could talk all day but with said deportation, barack obama in his first year in office, of course, we are ready inherited to of the war's with a iraq and afghanistan but also to medically covert . with the drone strikes then and the government is not held.

>> obviously would is going on in civic and to talk about guantanamo in duh side effect of oftentimes of policies abroad. with clinton and a trump responded to the question in which had then raised about the danger of muslim americans feel.

>> and i said in the last panel that to put the reason he has a decrease is because asa aliens have increased and be very clear about that . but i did want to do that because when i think about the assessment of civil-rights under the of presidency or the agent of the obama and then to use

that to address the crisis of the obama presidency. so i will start with the big ones first but what strikes me, are the perils of the teethree ground the margins. . . . .

the plan for change that a policy indicates and ends with the plea structural issues so quickly to walk through some of these to the specifics, earlier we were listening to the clemency is profound response on the one hand about the policy response to the crisis of so many people being caged in america. but if you read about whether obama send the letter is interesting. it's what it is because you have demonstrated your ability t

turn your life around you have the capacity to make good choices and that lays out again the disconnect between the policy response but the fundamental structural assumption behind it is 7.5 million people so that's one example. the ending of solitary confinement in juvenile facilities of course one can do nothing but applaud and say what in the world took us so long. i found it moving again

structurally we did not eliminate from federal prison because it's the same psychological chicana that adults are so. we will get to that later. i want to talk about the commitment on the one hand to rein in criminal justice policies that are deemed to be unjust while expanding what i would've you -- what i would view as surveillance the way in which surveillance makes the policing possible and to civil rights violations makes the

crises of mass incarceration and how ihow it the one hand the poy leveat thepolicy level we can re criminal justice that expand into the final one i appreciate the question of deportation and immigration rights because again at the clemency of the commutation argument supporting the act and are giving ford t., rising and having 1.1 million people but here is what is the key about that in the name of criminal justice, they are not being deported if you listen to public rhetoric because they are criminals, which brings us back

full circle if this is about the disconnect with federal and state level between the proclamation that policy can fix things a few things that i don't think they knew and he invited me up to market the panel that i should disclose is i'm currently working on a project with attorney general holder hopefully all of you will be able to read in about a year that is an examination of the question of the presidency and i've been critical of the same

things here and back once i did an interview on the television show that is distributed b withy good friends here at boston and now we've taken over the group and you and the president has expressed a great concern and you remain the mass incarcerate her. i share a lot of these concerns and at the same time sun is the byproduct of an understandable presence in the failure to comprehend the degree to which

civil rights had to be invisibly rooted in the degraded to which the actions and legislatures across the country are the primary reason why behind him told the incident occurred most americans never heard of the cor ground ball in florida and elsewhere which complicated efforts. the justice department had been hollowed out and it disagreed that the times holder returned as general and also you have driven by these events to presidency in the client of two words embracing the imperial

approach and is willing to suspend the notions of civil rights and human rights so this is a presidency that begins in the backdrop most of us didn't understand the. then barack obama is in the good president and in reality structure the issues in the practices and traditions were so complex and profound w we've are sometimes guiltweresometimes gur acknowledging the level of and one indicator is if the president were to use every

federal prison today would have the 7 million or so in the system you would still have about 2 million people imprisoned and the number is 844 as of last wednesday which is more than any president collectively and it's also a meaningless gesture. there've been 13,000 rejections of petitions but there are 32,000 petitions still under consideration and there is a furious process underway at the department of justice as we speak to process through all 32,000 before the end of this year.

congress limited the number of people and cannot engage in that position so in a tiny way it encapsulates the struggle but it's not beyond the realm of possibilities and this is me speaking i'm not representing anything from a recorder or the white house. there is a very active question what should have been in the final minutes most will not have been acted on at that point so there is a large number at the last minute but all of that said this is a difficult situation to

untangle and it's far more profound than the question of one individual or leader at the time. >> if you want to respond to that i will offer my expense. >> there were expectations at the beginning and this is a long-standing issue even in the current context is a member to try to paint their eyes in such

a way that came out of nowhere but just like the erosion we have seen that includes by the way driving a stake through and we've seen the wall where they are endowed by wha the voting rs act would be. it's like a thing that came out of nowhere and is the fact that politics have been played for a long time and there's been an incredible nurturing and society about compounded take advantage

of the society to see that demographic change. we've seen information be used as a proxy for growth in the latino community because how many are actually united states citizens. but the consequence has been to paint them all as outsiders and not policy responses were structural fixes the same way crying has been used to stoke fear of african-americans and latino and believe it to service them has been used against muslim americans who as you mentioned he gave a typical response but clinton wasn't that much better. she said you are good as long as you report to stuff which led to

hub hash type muslims report stuff. [laughter] as a member of hash tag that mexican thing. there's the expectations in the state of the structural needs to govern the state of congress among other things. this is not a new thing and the potential silver lining is like what trump has done is to make it implicit and explicit.

that's there and it's undeniable that it's an opportunity that will not stay there and we have to take advantage of that fairly quickly. but donald trump is a natural logical follow-up to the african-american person because it made real in a way that is undeniable that change was underway now people could feel it, it was in front of their faces and now we are experiencing the backlash even though it changes the currency that is what we are grappling with right now. it plays out in very real ways

because the backlash wlive in a political economy where it has significant currency. full disclosure i chair the committee and some of the things that were going on in the criminal justice now are absolutely amazing and have never been done before and will never be again but politicians don't want to trumpet. if i'm going to get elected i'm going to let people out of jail. it doesn't happen.

so there's certain ways to be palatable to a large public than to do the work. yomentioned the clemency that could go a lot quicker. there was a clemency project and all of it has been reviewed. not granting clemency if someone doesn't have the charge they don't think politics will do well. it's irrelevant. they've set us undethey would se

that they would not have this amount of time no matter what was in their jacket had they been under a more rational regime or under today's legal rule that the first thing for people in political circles as to if someone out into the reoffend. before we go to q-and-a real fast in terms of the historians view you look at the dramatic change in the civil rights regime and i'm curious to hear from you about the notion of the almost an inevitability in the way america works and we should

have anticipated as we did some perhaps then there would be the speaker cone of astonishing backlash against racial progress but what is your take away on that? >> the president is a fairly centrist conservative technocrat dissemble is so powerful that it didn't rise to the return of the massive resistance so we witnessed a consolidated effort to dictate the course of politics and dispense with the 1950s and 60s because they

concern for racing specific issues are guarded and nevertheless out fron upfront si think is extraordinary and makes you wonder if it was better and if you think about the 80s and 90s about the compound it makes me think about the long view of some of these so back to the slave patrol it makes me think about the history of after

slavery to capturing some ways where the product couldn't be ce that continues to this day that there is a need for the bigger history department and i think that is a great call. the challenge of davis's and the constituency. those are not returned by those people for a constituency and we have a challenging time. >> host: the tension between some of these issues

>> my question focuses on the campaign and the violence in the presidency and congress in 1923 what happened is moving away from looking at why the change happened and why they are rolled

back. one of the issues i try to focus on is the way that private individuals and corporations use their money to go back into that his organization whether it is the naacp or they ^-care [inaud] the questions have question marks on them. >> i would like to ask, i would like to get a reference to that

question in the specific groups of americans that are less affected by these criminal justice issues we see to lobby the congress to ease the war on drugs to lobby congress that has a large impact on the mass incarceration regime so i would like to get your opinion about whether that expectation was realistic and if there has been a progression in that. >> i do criminal law.

it represents the tiniest fraction of the practice of criminal law custody with very little relation ship. the game is with a the states having said that people reach to criminal and the wall law but it's illegal in the state.

that battle in the state the federal government has limited reach into the criminal justice system because it's mainly a state function in areas where the federal government does have reach i think they've done an incredible job under their owner's leadership and its continuing now but again it's a very small fraction so i would push back on the characterization of the presidency and there is room for pragmatic leadership in areas where all pronouncements sound

nice but will have absolutely no effect on the ground and by way of history brown v. board of education. it is the rules that administrative agencies have extraordinary powers to

negotiate through so the president could have said i'm going to commute everyone in the federal system. so good luck. that's going to move agencies and congress and so forth as well. >> whatever we do with the federal level will have a limited impact. there's far fewer federal prisoners and if you're talking about drugs, marijuana, this will play out at the federal

level so this has to do with the disconnect between the policies on the one hand in how they are implemented on the other. so maybe it's true when he says there's no more juvenile but this whole new data driven policing initiative which is essentially a policy that says we will deal with the policing which is the theater in the state prisons is the intense focus on drugs is relying on data into people that have the most contact with mental health responders and focuses the solution within the criminal justice system which is who have

the moshasthe most contact withd then they won't be policed and arrested, they will get these other resources but first of all where are these other resources, so they do end up getting arrested for probably low marijuana and small amounts of cocaine or opioids or whatever and so in fact they do have a profound efft on the state criminal justice reforms like marijuana raid or so i just want to connect those dots a little more. ..

. >> somebody he let a prison in the 80s let out and there's a huge consciousness of that risk. >> i'm struck by the panel on the panel this morning and last night, that a part of what we are hearing from audience members and from each other is a disenchantment with the limitations of the presidency and with the federal governments specifically to ask questions of inequality. it strikes me that is not what it was meant to do in the first place. there is a reason my policing is done at the state level and jim crow was a state level initiative. there's a reason why the federal

government left things and a few other fairly prominent laws was never meant to fix problems that the state and local level. we are deing with a system that was simply not meant to have a federal solution to questions that we now understand our as moral questions. an absent structural change to that set up, that executive office is not going to be able to fix the problem. >> let's go to another question. >> i'm a graduate of the kennedy school, thank you for coming in and partaking in our policy in showing us what can be de.

>> anyway, i'm on the board for free speech for people because i believe money and politics is corrosive. many of my question is a follow-up when you mention that corporations and individuals are rolling back rights, i'm wondering how we as citizens and activists might be able to translate that into values that actually would mean something to the ordinary person as opposed to academics or people fighting on an issue. how can we get into black churches and make people understand the issue of money and politics particularly now that sanders is no longer talking about it actively even though hillary clinton said she would support the 20th amendment. so to focus on money and politics and making that connection. >> i would say we need to get into white churches and make that point. because i think you're right. what i was really struck by a question is is a? compass.

black folks around the country have had to do heavy lifting for problem that is not a black communities creation. that heavy lifting has to come, i love the question because how do we in fact move into those white spaces and white churches and white community organizations and white voting groups and have that moral awakening. that's that's who needs a moral awakening. [inaudible] >> we need a microphone on that but the comment was when you are in it conference where there wasn't much diversity assuming it was mostly white.

>> that's tough. i share a lot of the concerns that heather raised about eight spent the last two years trying to think how we change things. i feel like a lot of the ways especially with a lot plaque lives matter movement and well-intentioned white people have often asked by people, talk to different groups. i'm very concerned about the labor that black people do. for people who have already born the burden of racial oppression how much more labor we asking of them and is it right for us to put and ask them for us to be the one to repair the damage of racial injustice. but at the same time i hear you in a sense that there's often the spaces in which there's a need need for different voices and different perspectives and so many of the spaces so you

want to get a different perspective and how do we change when people value and what we care about. often times it is people that can do that. i don't have the perfect answer but i think the great place to start is f white people to start demanding that we talk about these issues. and for broadening the circle of people who matter one of the things that happened a lot of last year's specific people in black lives matter that we always go to. i think we can expand that to focus on other people as well. to get other voices to the table i think others have borne the burden of i think it needs to be distributed more equally. but i love the question.

>> i think that question is applicable to a lot of different issues, not just the money in politics issue. that. that the great civil right leaders wade henderson would say you have to be a friend to make a friend, and i find that particularly among progressive groups there is a tendency to come to communities of color and s folks, this is not my line, i heard another community activist say this convening in california to say were tired of you coming to us just to hold up your side. we are able to have conversation about strategy and policy and we have ideas about it but people just come to us when they want us to hold their sign them when they need bodies or something like that. that is one part of it.

the other part of it is be a friend to make a friend. how is that connecting with people. i think among progressives there's a sense of wire people voting against their own self-interest without making those connections are bringing it to the level where people are really in need of intervention. there's something existential or pressing that they're facing. on supreme court for example i think that is another topic that tends to be abstract for many folks, for the average voter. i can tell you as a result of the supreme court case undecided, leaving on decided the fate of executive action for immigration, that was a real education for a lot of folks following the case whose lives hang in the balance about the importance of the supreme court. it is veryifferent to experience it that way then to

be like it don't you care about the supreme court. i think part of it is being culturally competent to how we engage people and that's not just about language about english or vietnamese or spanish, it's about cultural competence of what is the context of that community. how are they experiencing those issues. what is the connecting point, what is there on boarding meaningful engagement point as well. >> if i could just add, why it is important, civic avid education is the headline, why is it important to engage at the mundane, or what might seem as mundane at the time. two examples. tamir rice. shooter was not indicted. why? the elected district attorney in the county which is cleveland didn't want that person indicted.

because of the activism of black lives matter he was voted out of office. michael brown number two, the backdrop is the old saying that prosecutors could of had a ham sandwich. they could've had indictments if they wanted. i think it's think it's problematic but it is our standard. people came to me and said what can we do. can you follow a motion to make them re- panel another grand jury. no. but you can elect a new district attorney and the new district attorney, the day of the election in the day he swears and he can have another grand jury and do that. again, these decisions we cannot wait until the these massive blowups. let's think about it before hand

and get engaged. in citizens united this is why the supreme court matters. this. this is why these appointments matter. whether you pro or against it they have very real consequences that work themselves down to concrete ways. but your behind the ball if you wait until it works itself out in a way that's antagonistic to what you think is a good use of public resources. >> i'm glad you said that because i get asked that question all the time what can we do about in the community and i say i don't know what your issues are here but you elect the sheriff and you like the district attorney. the sheriff is who puts in jail the largest number of those 2.2 million people in the sheriff in every county in america has discretion on how that works. there is discretion on who gets picked up and who gets released and who gets prosecutor. there's latitude in the community that every citizen lives in and you can have an

effect on that. if we all collectively thinking of her brave enough to think the 30,000 people whose petitions are before obama right now if we think all of those people should be released before he leaves office in three months then where the protesters in front of the white house. i haven't seen them. when. when the governor of virginia did this remarkable thing a pardoning 250,000 felons who had completed their sentence were on probation and restored their voting rights and then he began a methodical process every pardoning the folks after doing a different procedure think is now 20 or 30,000 people into that process pardons, i was surprised there was not a giant course of a claim across the country. or more people saying to the governors and other states, weren't you doing the same wire democratic governors under

incredible pressure much less pressure on republicans to consider those things. i think there's a curious combination of frustration over even among activists there's a timidity about black lives matter is a contradiction to this but about whether they really have any control over the immediate circumstances of their public life. at the same time there's a huge hunger and demand of what these distant national leaders are supposed to accomplish force. i think that's why so many were not paying attention when this legal regime was put into place at the local and state level that ended up incarcerating so many people. >> about five floors below a harvard student could get caught with a dime bag of marijuana. the the officer will take that time bake them at reported to the student steam and tell the

young person to have a good day. five miles away that person would be in handcuffs and in the system. why. why, because one constituency demands a certain issue be dealt with in one way, another constituency regrettably doesn't have the voice to make the same demand. >> let's take a question in the front. >> it is true that the police will not arrest a kid at harvard because there's an assumption and a demand that all holy hell will rain down on that police officer should he dare to take that kid to jail. but it is not true with respect that within the black community folks are not demanding on a daily basis. you have to stand outside of detroit where i'm from and every time the police roll up and they're putting someone in the back of the car the entire community is coming out saying what to do. why are you doing this. and they're saying to the k come call me or what can we do.

i think it comes down to power. he goes to the point it's about money, it's about power, but it's certainly a don't feel it's not about people speaking out. >> but it's how they speak out which goes to civic education. and it's going to vote for particular people who do exercise the discretion. i agree, these communities where we complain but that complaint didn't register at the ballot box of for many reasons. but it's paul from georgetown, law professor, he advocated where we have these huge meetings and d.c. where the community is taught that if you are a juror don't convict a nonviolent drug crimes because that will send a message to them

to stop picking on certain communities disproportionately. that's the sort of thing i'm talking about. i didn't mean to cut you off. >> let's take a question from the lady in the front. >> hello. thank you for your comments. i work at the business school working on a project a project at the history of african-americans at the business school. i want to build off your comments of money and power. and pose the question of whether or not within the context of our foundation being built on money and power and built on free land or stolen land and forced labor, will we ever have a moment civil-rights dialogue where we talk about reparations for african-american people without laughing without saying that will never happen. will there

ever be a real conversation to rectify the history of economic, social political pressure will we be able to do that? >> do and take a crack. >> i think there's different moments when we've had discussions about it. they been fleeting and short-lived and not as entrenched in the dialogue as i would like to see. moving forward i don't ever not hold out hope that we'll actually have much longer discussion about reparation and perhaps legislation or some real policy responses around the. i think part of what is needed that we have right now that's needed, i think what can help push it forward as what's going on now. if you look at that block lives matter policy platform one of the six forms they call to his economic reparatn. it's not just thinking slavery but i think that's -- i think

the different ways native line has been taken, different ways in which black communities in different communities of color in which different things have been taken in different things are owed. i hope this discussion continues on. in in terms of reparations for slavery, think some of the work that is being done right now and that has already been done, there's good work in history, it's not it's not like we don't know who these individuals are in terms of -- we know these things. but another area of work that i'm invested in with other people is wanting to understand the industries that still survive today that profited off of labor in the post- civil war era and so -- sugar that is the

labor. in the south thinking about j.p. morgan, that is from slave labor in the south. as with the money comes from. so when you trace these and that i think think the hope for some is working in the area now is the holding the corporations accountable. i know it's a business area that a number of insurance companies, aetna is one of him, it so is there something that should be owed, what is owed is always an important question to ask. i do do think moving forward we have this moment in the 80s and 90s where everybody was like yeah when in 2008 were like oh yeah, were good and then now's like these deeply entrenched -- and i think black people to people everywhere like there's

never been a long. of time where black people were not being murdered by law enforcement officers. is it crazy? as i don't remember a time. so i think people are engaging and long history more than they did before. i think it will take time and i think that discussion is important to have. >> i will add one thing to that. this notion that even there's more terrorism today than ever before. i tweeted after the horrible events in orlando and others made similar comments that that was by far not the most violence or the highest number of americans killed by terrorists if we go back and go to chicago in 1919 in the mississippi delta in years before that. huge numbers of people were killed. but some of those issues became part of the big reparation discussion prior to 2001. those largely directed by -- in

fact i was with doctor ogletree in july late august 2001 at the un conference on racism in durban south africa. others might've been there. they barred secretary powell from taken delegation to the council. that was the peak of the reparations movement though so fertile at the time. i would joke then that until that movement nobody had ever send reparations in america, anybody who is in any fashion mainstream just got added. there is a serious conversation happening in durban during that meeting. there's a meeting in city hall, that the entire membership of the entire black caucus was there. remarkable constellation in african-american leaders and others were in the room.

to discuss the reparations topic , they're trying to win over more leaders and jesse jackson makes a surprise appearance and walks into the room and if you know the history , reverend jackson was opposed of reparations and viewed it as a great distraction of the movement tested many imports of rights leaders. he walks into the room and as always he took over the space completely took a microphone and began talking and as he was speaking he said all of you know i have always opposed the movement, but my views have changed. he said the type of reparations st become a centralized object and while we do that other things must fall away. it was an extraordinary moment. i was witnessing the turn that's going to be highly consequential. two days later later we got on the plane, flew

to new york in two days after that the planes crashed into the world trade center. nobody heard the word reparations expressed again for long time. so i think we are now back to moment where there may be serious consideration about whatever form it may take. >> i want to say that i think institutions like this like harbor, brown, georgetown, those georgetown, those are places where conversation is happening. students are intimately involved in driving the conversation and defining justice comprehensively so institutions can be responsive. i applaud the work that you're doing and encourage you to keep doing it. not that you needed the applause and encouragement by have it anyway. >> thank you. i think we we have to cut it off here. >> we have time for one more one more. >> thank you all very much. we enjoyed it.

>> tuesday from this year chicago ideas we, discussion on the future of policing. the panel panel includes a member of president obama's task force 21st-century policing and a former new york city police officer. here's a look. >> you look at atomic ferguson of 20000 people, 16000 citizens out of 20000 people that's unconscionable. that's not police decided were going to give everybody tickets are insane is if you have a system where the town businesses to ticket with all the jobs leave, no jobs, and i have 16,000 people with warrants and most are black so it is racial. difficult it traffic coordinated cities. there's only black people there.

so you ask about the race dynamics but you also have to think about the structural piece that leads to atomic ferguson and turning citizens into vulnerable people. >> a look at the future policing from the shoot chicago ideas week, tuesday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2. >> coming up on c-span two, three events from the wall street journal ceo council, first federal reserve board member on the state of the economy and monetary policy. then a panel panel on preparing for global health risks. >> c-span's washington journal, live everyday with me some policy issues that impact too. coming up on tuesday morning

will discuss of potential fix for treasury another post for the trump administration and what it would mean for policy. michael they will join us to talk about his book, obama's legacy, what he accomplishes presidents on the legacy of the president as his term comes to a close. >> watch c-span's washington. >> watch c-span's "washington journal", live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on tuesday morning. during the discussion. >> tuesday, look look at public opinion and approval ratings of russian president, vladimir putin which remain high through a down turn and standard of living downturn. where live at 11 he a.m. eastern on c-span. >> tuesday, look at the ongoing protest between the dakota excess pipeline process on the indian reservation. we join an

event hosted by the institute of policy studies live at noon eastern on c-span. >> hear some of the feature programs on thursday, thanksgiving day on c-span. just ter 11:00 a.m. on eastern nebraska eastern nebraska senator brent taft on american values. >> there's a huge civic mindedness in american history that's not compelled by the government. >> from everything to monster thick burgers with hundred 7 grams of fat to 20-ounce coke some pepsi's feeding an epidemic of child hood obesity. then wikipedia founder jimmy wales talked about the evolution of the online encyclopedia and

the challenge of providing access to information. >> once there's 1000 entries i know there's community there. there's five or ten really active users another 20 or 30 that may know little bit and they start to think of themselves as a community. after seven eastern and inside look at the year's effort to repair and restore it the capital don't. then justice kagan reflects on her life and career. >> that i dimly senior thesis which taught me an incredible amount. it also taught me what it was like to be a serious historian incident archives all day, every day. i realized it was not for me. followed by justice clarence thomas. geniuses not putting a 2-dollar idea on a 20-dollar sentence. is putting a 20-dollar idea on a 2-dollar sentence without loss of