courage resistance and exit tensile harrell in the nuclear age. finally, candace discusses here of the empire. book tv, tonight and all this week starting at 8:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span2. on c-span3, it's american history tv in prime time with our lectures and history series. we will begin at 8:00 p.m. eastern with an event on sport and race in 1980's. seat on c-span3. >> this week on c-span in prime time, tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern president barack obama and japanese prime minister visit the american naval base at pearl harbor. he is the first sitting japanese leader to visit the site of the attack that launched us involvement in world war ii. wednesday night beginning at 8:00 p.m., a review and house and senate hearings from 2016 on

topics including the flint, michigan water crisis and the wells fargo unauthorized account scandal. >> seriously? you found out one of your divisions had created 2 million fake accounts, had fired thousands of its employees for improper behavior and had cheated thousands of your own customers and you didn't even once consider firing her ahead of her retirement? >> there's dated p.m. eastern we remember some of t political figures that past week and 2016 including former first lady nancy reagan and supreme court justice antonin scalia. friday night at 8:00 p.m., our program continues with shimon peres, mohammed ali and former senator and astronaut john glenn this week in prime time on c-span. >> sunday in depth will feature a live discussion of the presidency of barack obama.

we are taking your phone calls, tweets and e-mail questions during the program and our panel includes april ryan. author of the presidency in black-and-white and up-close view of three presidents and race in america. princeton university professor author of democracy and black, how race enslaves the american soul and pulitzer prize-winning journalist and associate editor of the "washington post" david marinus, author of barack obama the story. watch in-depth live from noon to 3:00 p.m. eastern sunday on book tv on c-span2. >> florida congressman john mica has been in congress for 24 years, but lost his reelection bid last november and he recently spoke with c-span about his career and what his future plans are. this is half an hour. >> representative john mica, republican of florida representing since 1993 and

you're coming to the end of 12 terms, defeated in november. what is the adjustment them like for you to realize you will not become back to congress? >> i have enjoyed every minute. a few individuals have had the incredible opportunity to serve not only a district like the seventh district of florida, but serving congress for almost a quarter century. in addition to that, i got to serve five years as a chief of staff in the u.s. senate, for years on the florida legislature and four years in local government, so i have had an incredible career. in addition, i have also been in business for about 20 years, so great career both in the private sector and in public service. i've enjoyed every minute of it? host: your years here, lots that in this room in the transportation and infrastructure committee room. you were the chance-- chairman from 2011 until 2013, before that serving as the top

republican. what legacy do you think you will have, what imprints on this committee and the transportation policy? guest: well, i have enjoyed being on the committee, the transportation committee since the day i came to congress to for years ago. i was a developer in the private sector and i was joked, here you could do projects with other people's money, so i had the opportunity not only to help build infrastructure, incredible projects of my district, rebuilding the interstate setting, setting up the legislation to allow that public-private partnership. the first commuter rail public transit system in central florida, projects that will double the capacity of one of our major airports and then, build an airport from basically an abandoned field in northern part

of the district. so, some of those projects excite me and then across the country to impact washington dc, the visit-- digit-- biggest project is a capitol visitor center, largest addition in the history of the capitol building, 580,000 square feet, so from the atlantic to the pacific whether it's projects now in new york to east side access which will be $11 billion to connect eventually jfk with the long island railroad and the then down underneath the manhattan to grand central station all the way out to san francisco where we did $2.4 billion intermodal center to miami where we completely connected all of the systems. tri-rail, metrorail, we did the airports, no one

could have had an opportunity to impact if the structure of our i think, on a larger scale whether it was my district or from c to signing c. host: let's talk about the capital the search center. how did the idea come about. what was your role? >> when i got elected, i'm a history buff, and i went over to the library of congress. i found a lot of papers and artifacts that are never shown. we had no place to show them. so i was at the capitol building with people standing in the rain, the snow, the cold and no way to accommodate. just a half a dozen restrooms in the facility that was built 200 years ago, so i started it and the democrats weren't too inclined to move forward actually, newt gingrich helped the deal that was cut to raise half the money privately, which we started and then the other portion would be paid for by the

taxpayers. we were balancing the budget at the time, this is about 97 and my bills were heard in this committee room. so, come along way. we built it. we did on incredible job it's an awesome structure. it's for the people, the rest of the capital is built for the members of congress in the working historic building. very proud of that addition to the us capital. host: what was the cost? guest: originally a was going to be $100 million and then along the day we had 911 and that added a quarter billion and security improvements. we were only going to open 60% of it and then or about 80 million they said we could open the whole thing and i insisted on us-- excavating as much as we could because you don't dig up that front of the capital that often, so that added to the cost. the tunnel to the library of congress, the

tunnel for service with the large service vehicles that use to pick up the guarded-- garbage and delivered to the front or the capital took that doesn't take place he more, so about 620 million, which is seems like a lot of money, but today a billion dollars just to renovate the canon office building and old executive office building, so it was a good deal for the taxpayers and it's built, not just to be a drop ceiling and drywall then you. this is something generations can be proud of and millions of americans come here now and they can see the artifacts. they are accommodated and it's their capital and i'm proud of it. host: you do seem proud. guest: to me, absolute joy. impacting the district, little things. took me some years to get all the bus system,

enter mogul to union station. you used to have to go to a greyhound station several blocks away, drag your luggage or could they said you fit all of the bus carriers on the second floor. they are all on the second floor. we have made that truly interlocal. if you go down the street the trump hotel, did two hearings there in the bacon old post office. where we did the hearings in february, the first hearing i did after becoming chairman. annex was vacant for 15 years, 400,000 square foot building, half empty costing the taxpayers between two and $6 million a year. ago by the other night, lights are glowing. it's employing hundreds of people and it's a great success story. the cotton exchange, now you can see the for sale sign, largest piece of property in washington. in georgetown, power

plant sold. it will be hundreds of millions of dollars in development and it jobs in location. so, across the nation's capital and then in my own estate of florida. my alma mater has raised in miami, miami community college, the old courthouse as a legacy. i did in june of this year to give to the president. of the building adjacent to the downtown campus, federal building that sat vacant since 2007, costing taxpayers more than a million and a half dollars a year. got it to go to my alma mater where it will be the college of judicial studies and also architecture, historic building preserved and given to my alma mater, cool. host: anything you do not

publish? guest: will, there are some things underway. started the privatization of air traffic control and mr. shuster, the current chairman is doing a good job of moving that forward. you look around the world and sometimes you have all of these good ideas and we have the unions and others, which is a step ahead of us in operation in the treatment of air traffic controllers, the housing of them in the technology, so air traffic control modernization, privatization is up in the next generation air traffic control is very important. we are not there. we have backslid a little. i left aviation and chairmanship. that's taking us from a ground-based radar system to a space gps system and of that technology if we also lean which the trumpet ministration is, more towards the private sector for solutions we will get it that in place making our

aviation system very safe and. it's very safe now because some of the things i did as chairman we went from an section that happen like every week they would be scheduled in the first week they would be in san francisco and then in chicago and new york. we don't do that. we stop that and we do it on a risk-based system and since then we have not had a major airline incident. commuter airlines, we had a number of crashes there. we did a commuter airline bill and since that has taken place, remember we had lexington, charlotte, the buffalo, all of those horrible commuter crashes, but that has cleaned up the safety and there's a lot of things we have accomplished. we can still go further in aviation. i have not gotten into rail and that issue. i have tried to improve our passenger system. passenger rail system. i feel like i'm the

strongest advocate at least on the republican side of the aisle of public transit, but in the last transportation bill to pass i set out just trying to get the northeast quarter project. i call it our soviet style train system. opening up to private sector competition we put in this bill and now with this administration coming in, we have a chance to start some remarkable service in the northeast. then, the senate agreed to put in provisions to privatize three money and is. through those provisions i was able to put in, now, we can take the next step. is not done. the first reauthorization in about a decade of amtrak. we put in the northeast commission and they can help run that with some of the stakeholders, but

that was a bit hijacked by amtrak and now, we have an opportunity to move out of that vote to bring america into the 21st century of transportation. that's pretty excited because we are so far behind the rest of the world, but we can't get there. about something that is not quite done, but needs to be done. host: take us back to when he first decided to run for office. why? guest: i have been fascinated since high school. i had a social studies teacher that just made government and public service come alive and ever since then i have been a political junkie. i was fortunate to get into the system, very successful there which allowed me financially to serve without any obligations or just reliance on public service as a location. so, it's been not only an abdication, but now this opportunity to serve in again, i have loved every minute of it

it's just an incredible honor. i have no regrets. i probably would not have run beyond this term, but again there is a time and place for everything. now, i can step, i think, probably step into the private sector. there are still some projects, when i have not finished is taking the federal trade commission building, which is across the street from the west wing of the national gallery and our history buff, but the national gallery is incredible treasure. it has the east wing. in generations we have not had an addition and across the street is the only building that can accommodate that. the federal trade commission building, which is a triangular building across the street from the west wing was built in the 1930s. beautiful outside, with the insight is 1930s.

so, we want to add that as a wing. we will have a tunnel under the street, great plans to do that. move the federal trade commission down to the north and of the department congress. there is a million and a half square feet down there being redone and enough space to put commerce and the federal trade commission altogether with a nice view of the white house. the bureaucrats can sit there for federal trade commission's, but millions of people can come and we will have a world-class national gallery and we will compete any galleries in the world and we should. this is the nation's capital and we should be proud of it. we have a collection that is awesome, but a lot of it is really not shown. that is my undone thing and i will spend a lot of time on that next year making certain i get that done. host: sounds like you are not leaving washington dc.

what will you do? guest: i will come back as much as necessary to call bush the things i would like to do and that is at the top of the list. i will be working with the national gallery, david rubenstein is chair of that committee. mrs. rockefeller served very well and others who i would like to complement their work. we have plans now to try to move ftc there. the national gallery and money to renovate the building. taxpayers will probably save $200 million in consolidating and we will save money there. it saves money, but also gives us a place to finish the location of our national art treasures. host: you are a land owner your self with washington dc property do you have a former role in what you are talking about? guest: not just yet. you are not allowed to talk about what you are going to do until after january 3, when i leave

office, but i will be active as you can tell and i still have an interest in some of the transportation issues. i don't need to be paid for my work, but again there may be opportunities in the private sector to complement what i would like to do. one will be the national gallery. you heard several other priorities, making certain sum of the provisions for getting america into the 21st century of transportation, passenger rail. finishing some of the things in air traffic control, but i will try to assist the trump administration, assist where i'm allowed anyway i can. host: many viewers know you. guest: i've had a lot of your college ball with a country. some are wonderful and some we hope there is not a full moon. host: they have also seen you in hearings and you are fond of

props. tell us why? guest: it gets people's attention. in these hearings you can chatter and talk and people don't pay much attention, but when we had the head of secret service here and we were listening to the testimony and they are talking about bullets hitting the white house and not knowing about it for two or three days i said to the staff, go back and get a copy of the adt sign and they brought it out and i held it up and that went viral because people could identify. here's the white house and the security system doesn't detect a bullet hitting the window. if i have a cracked window at my house the alarm goes off and we have a very sophisticated system, so you can relate-- the public can relate with the james comey when he

came before us i had an intern help me with a little chart of about a one week a day scenario of when we first had bill clinton go on the plane, i guess, with the attorney general and all the way through his questioning-- he didn't do it himself, but the timeframe of what one week and how came down. that to raise a lot of questions in people's mind because they could see it graphically, so it was a graphic or a prop that helped in the intern still cherishes having been part of helping me develop that. they kept the chart, i'm told. those are some of the things that you highlight. i remember holding up, wasn't a real marijuana cigarette, but when they were looking at legalizing marijuana and how if you held up one marijuana joint you could let people know

that it takes-- they would be allowed to have 22 of those according to what was proposed in the district of columbia, which it graphically portrays some of what we are trying to get across. i tried to do it. the other thing is i think it's a heritage thing. my family comes from that era that people have a good sense of humor and you always try to keep a sense of humor host: was that area where your family comes from? guest: part i tallied and parts for voc in. they say to people, they are tightwads, but also have a sense of humor in that fits me perfectly. host: what will you miss about congress? guest: i don't know. i won't miss the fund-raising or the late nights. of the press sometimes very tough.

i don't know. some of the relationships will carry on. you are friends still be your friends. i don't know. i walked to the capital the other day and i saw the sun setting and i said to my family, it was just a beautiful sunset and now the capitol dome being restored is so beautiful. some of that i will miss, but i still maintain property in the district not too far from the capital, so i will see it. again, i have no regrets, not a moment of regret. of there are some things i wish i could have done more for folks and for my district in the country, but again you only have one lifetime and 24 term of service. host: who will you miss? who are some of your friends on capitol hill?

guest: well, there's a number. some of the florida delegation members we have come close to. we served on the state legislature together and here we are going out together. mine wasn't quite as graceful, but i got hit by redistricting, as you know. a lot of people. virginia foxx is a wonderful lady and she will be the chair of the education labor. robert at a hold and his wife, carol. these are wonderful wonderful people. if americans could see the folks who represent us they would be so proud, but there's also a few people who don't meet expectations and they get sometimes all it-- it's about the same percentage, but you walk on the floor is a member and i am still amazed 24 years later of the people they send here. it's a remarkable remarkable system. it does work.

it's painful and the media now today with its instant media it's all out there. it's out there immediately. people should not get frustrated. our founding fathers had to be divinely inspired to put a system together that would work for over 200 years and with all of the changes we have had with technology and life and all of the things that has changed. the darn thing is still works very well. host: tell us one of your favorite stories that you are fond of telling constituents and something that perhaps happened in these halls of congress over the years. guest: something that happened, i don't know. there are so many. i mean, every day has been chock-full have adventure. the day i took some people on the floor and i was showing them where you file a bill and the

clerk was still there. we had just closed the session. here i had been here 24 years in the clerk was still there and i said remember when you went to school you put the bill in the hopper and i was showing them the hopper at the end of the clerks table down at the bottom of the tears of podium in the front and i said this is where i come and the clerk is still there and she said mr. mica, i stay here for 15 minutes after and i had never given a thought that the clerk would leave immediately, so here i learned something just the past week or so. so, every day is a learning experience. it takes years, though. i'm not in favor of term limits and i think the republicans in terming out chairman, i had my six years as the full committee, six years as aviation chair. i have had five

leadership positions. newt gingrich made me that chairman of civil service, first republican 40 years of that was exciting, but i got to do neat things. i put the life insurance up for the bill in the first time in 40 years. this is irony. i started the long-term care program. i was looking at the private sector and what was there and here is federal employees, 2 million of them and retirees and they did not have long-term, so i started the long term care program for federal employees, which is the largest in the world, i'm told. here, john mica, about to retire making a decision whether i sign up for that program, which i helped. it's beneficial to public employees and did two is available in the private sector. what i did for the veterans preference i am proud of, expanded that. tri- care, some things and there's lots of things you can do. i'm missing a meeting

with president of colombia and then after that i helped write with the speaker then and others and that saved a nation. it took a nation that was being slaughtered by drugs and terrorism and i will never forget going, which i was banded to go when i was chair of the committee and i saw what had changed and a reporter asked me, what did i see different and i was so choked up with the emotion i not respond. the tears were just coming down. to go where they were killing each other where there was death and destruction and to have helped turn that around is awesome, so in each role, aviation, changing out the safety system as i explained. we moved dramatic changes in the committee. i am the only one

probably to ever pass to faa bills both as aviation chairman and full committee chairman and i think the didn't-- democrats tried 20 times of the second one and could not do it and we were able to do it. it wasn't the smoothest. we had a little shutdown for a couple of weeks, but we got it done and we passed a good solid legislation with good policy. host: is that why you stay 24 years? guest: i never expected to stay this long and i never thought i would be elected. it was circumstances. actually, dean webster who still stays, 24 years ago as a young state legislator and i was active in the republican party and i went to his office and try to recruit him to want for congress and he said i'm staying in the legislature and he stayed for 28 years as a legislator, but now he is in congress. but, i'm leaving, so there's a lot of irony to life and politics. you never know how it

will turn out. host: what to do you plan to do next, personally? guest: first thing is my wife has booked a cruise, so january 1, we are going on a cruise. we will come up for the inauguration, pretty exciting. i got into a lot of trouble for supporting mr. trump early on. of course, the hotel which i thought was a big benefit in a campaign and they tried to wrap that around me as giving him some special opportunity, which actually the obama administration awarded and i just hammering to get it off the taxpayer money losing world. they did a fabulous job on it, so i have no regrets there. we will be up here to watch the new president. can you imagine i'm leaving and they had the house, senate and white house?

one had to struggle with that deck of cards being dealt to meet. my brother dan was a democrat member of congress and my brother, dave, who will accompany me tonight the white house for the first time , he and his wife, he was a democratic aide to lawton child, so i have a bipartisan family if i could put up with them i can put up with others. some of my best friends are democrats and as i am leaving some have come up to me and have been very gracious in their words to me, which means a lot. host: congressmen john mica, thank you for your time. guest: great to be with you and great to have served for 24 wonderful years in the best institution you can imagine. >> while congress is in recess this week we are showing you book tv and prime time. tonight, a look at 2016's notable books. john donovan and karen zucker on their book: in a different key, the

story of autism. then, patricia bell scott looks at the firebrand and the first lady. after that, dan that on almighty, courage resistance and peril in the nuclear age. finally, candace discusses hero of the empire. book tv tonight and all this week starting at 8:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span2. on c-span3, its american history tv and prime time with our lectures and history series. we will begin at 8:00 p.m. eastern with events on sport and race in the 1980s. see it on c-span3. >> this week on c-span in prime time, tonight at 8:00 p.m. president barack obama and japanese prime minister visit the american naval base at pearl harbor. he is the first sitting japanese leader to visit the site of the attack

that lost us involvement in world war ii. wednesday night beginning at 8:00 p.m., a reviewing of house and senate hearings of 2016 on topics occluding the flint, michigan water crisis and the wells fargo unauthorized accounts cad-- scandal. >> seriously? you found out one of your divisions had created 2 million fake accounts, fired thousands of employees for improper behavior and had cheated thousands of your own customers and you didn't even once consider firing her ahead of her retirement clinic thursday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, we will remember some of the political figures that passed away in 2016 including former first lady nancy reagan and supreme court justice antonin scalia and friday night at 8:00 p.m. hour program continues with shimon peres, mohammed ali and former senator and astronaut john glenn, this week in prime time on c-span.

the c-span video library is an easy way to search and view c-span programs and to help is doctor robert brown, executive director of the c-span archives. >> go to c-span.org, the main site, and look on the front page. on the left side are all of the hearings and the presidential events of the day and the political campaign events and then right underneath that on the left side is a link that says recent events and they appear in the order that they were on the network. ..

>> he talked about iraq, put in those words and then that will get you to particular small pieces almost like paragraphs where they made their remarks. >> the soldiers were members of the 3rd battalion 16th field army regiment, 2nd armored brigade combat team of the 3st cavalry division. these american soldiers or were volunteers that swore to protect the united states. >> across the top we have a link that says all our video, our clips. you can find all the clips that people make are available for other people to look for. >> who leaves first, obama or assad? >> i certainly hope it's assad. >> yeah, i do, but i don't think so. >> there's another tab that says mentions, and mentions are quotes that are valuable.

>> what a bizarre decision by president peen yet toe to invite donald trump down there. >> and then on the far left side, there are breakdowns much like you would find on any other shopping web site. you could say i want to see a particular person's name, i want to see a particular senate committee or a tag for a policy. to the left side, it's very valuable for narrow aring down. >> search, click and play on the c-span video library at c-span.org. >> next, a look at future opportunities for a u.s./japan military partnership. this panel, focused on the use of science and technology in china's military strategy, held by the hudson institute is 40 minutes. >> okay. we readied to -- >> [inaudible]

>> it's gone through certain, shall we say, evolutions. our panelist from the department of defense who was going to be here to speak on the issue of beyond a2/ad has been, unfortunately, unable to join us with certain things going on with the department of defense and the government of china regarding a drone. and so i asked andy if he'd be willing to step in and to pinch hit, and he gamely agreed to do so, which we're delighted to have him back for this panel to talk about these issues. the other panelist for our group here is michael pillsbury, my friend and colleague, senior fellow at hudson institute, who is a long history of knowledge

of u.s. dealings with china, is someone whos has served in -- who has served in multiple presidential administrations, who was special assistant on asian affairs at the office of the secretary of defense, has worked at the office of net assessment, as andy has, and who is the author most recently of "the 100-year marathon," a book on china's grand strategy and its approach to global affairs. a book which has been a bestseller not only in the united states and not only in japan, but has also been a bestseller in china. and i believe there's a chinese translation, michael, is that correct? >> yes. for internal use. >> for internal use only. [laughter] how many other translations has it gone through at this point? >> korean -- >> korean. >> -- and it's in taiwan.

>> and a publisher in -- >> and it's coming out in hindi. >> and it's coming out in hindi. >> 600 million people reading -- >> 600 million readers eagerly awaiting "the 100-year marathon" in hindi when it hits bookstores from mumbai to caldecott. michael pistol burglary, as -- pillsbury, what i always like to say is what he doesn't know about china isn't knowledge, so we're delighted to have him as part of our panel and part of our lunch -- our discussion here. the question i want to pose to both of you is beyond a2/ad, what are the chinese going to do next when the u.s. comes out with a counterresponse to a2/ad? where do you see china moving next in its directions or adapting its current anti-access/access denial strategies to becoming next

generations of systems and the kinds of developments that are taking place here? [laughter] >> you're the china man. >> is that addressed to both of us? >> it's addressed to both of you. whoever wants to field it first. >> well, i think to answer that question, arthur, you have to know a lot of what the chinese have been writing about their grand strategy. they see the military strategy part of grand strategy as only 10% of the weight of grand strategy. and your question focuses really on military things, and that would not be the way chinese strategy would approach it. their view on technology, for example, is very different from the u.s. and japan. their view on technology, i discuss in a long chapterrer in

this, my book, "the 100-year marathon," is the best technology you can get from other people, other countries. you get other countries to fund your national science system, that's why they have a hundred agreements with the u.s. national science foundation. it's why we have a team in beijing headed by the minister counselor in the industry for science and technology. and u.s. transfers, almost all science and technology discoveries made by national science foundation or other government agencies to those they make grants to, we transfer all that to china almost immediately. in fact, as a joke the embassy sometimes has told me the chinese will complain if they read about something and it hasn't been delivered yet to mare ministry of science -- to their ministry of science and technology. so their view of technology is, in part, based on their grand

strategy, that to surpass the americans -- which they first laid out as a goal in 1955, to catch up and surpass the americans -- was the goal of chairman mao himself. to do that, they have this set of so-called comprehensive national power sectors. and the most important sector, they decided fairly recently, 1980, is technology. science and technology. as you know, all the leaders of communist parties try to make a claim to a new discovery, in marxism, leninism. it's not done here in america, but it's kind of a big deal for stalin and kruschev. and then mao and then dunk jaw ping has hid claim, how did he pioneer the philosophy of marxism/leninnism? and the answer is he made the discovery that science and technology is the greatest source of economic growth. china had not been focused on that from 1949 until 1980.

after that they began to do a whole series of things. for example, the president of china would hand out an innovation award, cash award to a winner, and it would appear all over china in newspapers and on television. their program with the americans was not just national science foundation, they did a survey under early president reagan's time of all the things they wanted to develop starting in 1983, and they found most of what they wanted. things like biotechnology, supercomputers, genetics for agriculture. the leader in the world was the americans. so for 30 years now, that program has been remarkably effective. for the chinese. in america it's almost unknown. i tell the story in "100-year

marathon" of once we had a hearing of the gentleman from the department of state and some others about the cooperative agreements to help chinese science and technology, including military science, by the way. there was a defense reform commission set up by bill perry to provide american military technology to china. we also sold weapons, six weapons systems to the chinese including torpedoes, a personal project of secretary of the navy at the time john layman. and other kinds of intelligence technology. i have a chapter in the book about the 12 covert action cooperation episodes between the u.s. and china. dr. kissinger offered them in 1973, a direct hook-up with our early warning is the lites and said in a -- satellites and said in an eyes-only, top credit secret memo we will provide you radar technology to make better use of the intelligence and warning we're going to be giving

you in realtime, because your bombers are all on one base, and you need to be able to scatter them with early warning technology. so i'm trying to lay out for you and i cover in a couple chapters in the book, arthur. one is the grand strategy of china plays down the military spending and the military strategy. you miss understanding what china's up to if you look at the military side. a2/ad, by the way, is a pentagon acronym. it's not used by the chinese. they don't describe what they've been doing for the last ten years in our vocabulary. their version of what they're doing is back to the 1955 challenge by chairman mao. he had a list of indicators, a kind of net assessment, if you will. and i'll say a couple of sentences about that word. he had a kind of a net assessment of how we would surpass the americans.

and at that time, they've since changed this, but at that time it was steel production was the single most important measure by which they would surpass america. and that led to an episode in which between 20 and 30 million people died. it was not predicted by u.s. intelligence, by the way. it was 1958. it was called the great leap forward. all over china they set up communes and canteens for free lunch and began to set up backyard blast furnaces. why? to surpass the americans in this single indicator of net assessment. now, to my left, the doctor and i used to sit at the same time in net assessment. the fall of '92, as i recall. you were drafting something which later became known as the revolution in military affairs, and you were discussing the cover letter that our boss,

andrew marshall, would sign to disseminate it. and you told the story in a couple of books, so i'm not disclosing anything. i was then working on what is china's grand strategy. and we realized we didn't have any books by chinese strategic thinkers, and that led to a major effort which today is more than a hundred books on chinese strategic thinking. but in the military sphere if you press me on what exactly would they do to counter whatever the u.s. is doing, to counter their at/ad, our word not theirs, they're playing a bigger game. they know they have a trillion dollars to spend for defense over the coming decade. there's a study by the rand corporation that derives that number. and that we are going to be trimming our defense budget by about a trillion dollars during that same period. if the budget control act is not changed. so in that pattern, they are

thinking more on a global basis. a lot of china experts used to swear, on a bible as it were, that china will never develop two things because it was the definition of what hegemon is. and china's constitutional preamble says they will never develop a hegemon. aircraft carriers and the second was a global military base network. now, one chinese colonel wrote about ten years ago, arthur, that china needs a global military base network. he was demonized over here by the few people who knew about it as a nut. he's actually a friend of mine in china. he just made the papers or yesterday with some comments about the drone in beijing. over time the consensus has changed to that now two books have come out in the last two or three years called "science of strategy."

both say china needs a global military base network. and something new has been added. china needs to stop the american domination of space, and china needs to block the american domination of the cyber warfare domain. so this has been added in the last two or three years. so if i were looking for things to follow in what china's doing in the its military strategy, i'd be looking at space and cyber. and if you saw the testimony in april, seven dod officials testified to the house armed services committee about the new threat from space. several of them used the word "china." then they wanted to go into closed discussion to discuss it in detail. but that testimony reminded me of a moment when dr. andrew and i were in net assessment. a rather large amount of money was given to a man who shall

remain anonymous to do a study. chinese capability in space technology. he was highly qualified to write this study. he came back with a 30-page report, and to -- 300-page report, and to summarize it in one sentence, china cannot do anything in space technology. we are so far ahead, we and is owe yets, in the manufacturing processes, the batteries, long list of things, they will never be able to do anything. that was wrong. it was one of a series of assessments about china that were wrong, and in many cases what you find is the analyst was interviewing chinese about china's intentions and capabilities. and unlike americans who are very proud of accomplishments, achievements, some would say to the point of arrogance, we're criticized around the world for that, arthur, the chinese approach to strategy is the

opposite. you talk yourself down, you say you can't do anything and you don't want to. so the reaction to my book laying out a thousand footnotes from chinese materials about china having a strategy to replace us, you know the reaction in china? including by the vice foreign minister last week? this is nonsense. china has no strategy. it's their official position publicly. public diplomacy. china has no strategy, it's certainly not secret, and we have no desire to replace the united states. >> before i get to andy's reply, comments on my question, now these technical assistance programs the u.s. provided to china. those have all stopped, right, now that we have the new situation? >> no, no. >> really? >> no. if you go on to the national science foundation web site you will see the program, it's described there. it's growing.

and, in fact, the nsf now has a bonus. if you're an american researcher and you want to study what we just had the briefing on, for example, use of big data to mine in realtime false information, if you want to do that for the national science foundation, if you have a china cooperative partner, someone in china, you get additional funds for your project. so there's a huge disconnect between people who speak of china as a threat, which is still the minority in our government, and the mainstream view that china is our biggest cooperative partner in the world. we do things with china, we have done things with china we would never do with japan. we don't do covert action with japan. japan really doesn't have a cia to do covert action, for one thing. we cooperate with the chinese in a number of ways including in technology that we do not cooperate with japan or other allies and partners the same way. this is just reality. and it's very shocking to many people. i noticed your brilliant report

on the very last page you talk about few psychiatry sue bought this technology in texas, and you like this because it's part of allies sharing, you know, defense production. we've been doing that with china for quite a long p time. and it's not -- though sale of weapons was stopped in tiananmen incident in 1989, but defense technology is still a matter of negotiation. is it dual use, is it the same as they could buy from another country. we have the european union has an arms embargo, so finished weapons systems, there's controls on that. and some advanced high technology. but in the dual use area, you usually find out that before something gets on the list to be denied to the chinese, it can already be sold because it hasn't been turned into a munition or a dual use technology yet. >> andy? >> well, apropos of what michael

said about the chinese false modesty about being good strategists or not being good strategists, several years ago when secretary gates was defense secretary, henry kissinger commented that the chinese were the best strategists he ever came up against. [laughter] so, but in terms of our response to, you know, what the chinese are doing and how they might respond to us, again, i sort of pound home my earlier point. we have to decide what our response is. we haven't quite decided to do that yet. and unfortunately, i think time is not op to our side. we -- on our side. we need to begin to get our act together. in the broad sense, i think we have to decide whether anti-access/aerial denial is the

new normal. is our traditional way of projecting power becoming obsolete? is it a wasting asset? and if so, what is our response to that. and i think one response which i developed with some colleagues called air/sea battle and elaborated on in a foreign affairs article talks about, again, what we're trying to do, we're trying to defend the first island chain. if a2/ad is the new normal, we need to establish our own a2/ad defenses along that chain. we need to do it in terms of formal defense, because it's going to be increasingly difficult to reinforce. and so to have the bulk of your forces at a great distance and have to move them against this new normal, this new a2/ad situation, is a very risky proposition. and so over time creating more of a forward defense posture.

at the same time, though, we have to make sure that if a2/ad regime is going to be supplanted, it's supplanted by us. in other words, we need to be the ones to, if you want to use a historical analogy, world war i showed the value of trench warfare. and if that's the new normal, then we need to get good at trench warfare. but we also, like the germans, need to figure out how to restore maneuver, how to restore offensive capability. and you don't want to be the second one in a race with china to be able to do that. so again, i think there's kind of a dual requirement on our part. one is to develop an offset to the chinese a2/ad capability, but also overcoming that new defensive regime. and uh-uh think admiral -- and i think admiral coda gave us some

clues on how to do that. an interesting strategic question if we do develop these kinds of technologies and capabilities will be whether to pursue what michael talked about which is sometimes referred to as the second move advantage. you know, how much do you begin to divest what you have and to move in with new regime, or do you want to take advantage of the first move advantage, to be the first or to move into a new area of military competition. being sort of an amateur historian, the british practiced the second move advantage for much of the 19th century and shifted to the first move advantage in the early part of the 20th century with respect to the naval competition. but to, i guess, make one final point, part of this effort, i think, will be to look at what i call the scouting competition which is sort of a shorthanded way to talk about c4isr. who can see and who can move information about what's

important on the battlefield or in the theater of operations. and second, the salvo competition. who can win the exchange of fires. and part of that, just to give you a sense because we just had these briefings on uavs and boost phase intercept and so on, and those are all valuable. but we need to think more broadly and more deeply about these sorts of things. and so, for example, if we are concerned about a major advantage that the chinese have which is a large ballistic missile force, most supposedly armed with conventional warheads, we're banned from that because of the inf treaty. but that's a key part of their holding at risk a lot of our ability to strike back, our forward bases, our aircraft carriers. we have a lot of eggs in very few baskets. and getting back to this point of an operational concept.

so one way to think about whether you can continue to have forward bases or whether they're just too risky, whether you can continue to deploy carriers forward or whether that's just too risky is thinking about how would you do that. and one way to think about doing that is to bring a group of capabilities and technologies together. so, for example, if you have long-range, long-dwell strike systems that can operate in nonpermissive or environments like the b-31 bomber, for example -- b-21 bomber, for example, or long loitering uavs, then what you might be able to do is instead of chinese missile attack, say, on our forward air bases coming down in salvos, or to use a rain metaphor, in a downpour. what happened when we had that kind of capability against a modest enemy in the first gulf war was saddam hussein couldn't

launch in salvos because he was too busy trying to hide his missiles and being knocked out. it came down in a drizzle. well, a drizzle is a lot more easy for missile defenses than a downpour. you don't want to have your defenses saturated. another is to knock out their ability to scout; satellite systems, uav systems and so on. so that they can't do very good battle damage assessment. so how much of it did we really get? did we break those hardened, concrete shelters or not? and, i mean, there's another technology, advanced concrete, which we actually worried about during the cold war. so then you have that issue. so then they have to revisit with higher, you know, missile rates because they can't tell whether they got the base or not. there's discussion among the marine corps these days about why can't we -- and our air force -- why can't we proliferate the number of air bases in saipan and other

places. austere bases to create kind of what we called during the cold war with the mx missile a hell game. our aircraft could be at one of six bases. well, you don't know which ones because we knocked out your satellites. all right. that means if you want to make sure you get all our aircraft, you attack six bases, not one. but wait a minute, we can focus on the base that we know we have the aircraft and defending the other bases. so again, it drives up their costs. they have to hit all six bases and assume all missile defenses are concentrated on that one base. and, again, this involves multiple kinds of technologies all brought together. it's not just boost phase intercept, although that's important, it's not just term call phase intercept. -- terminal phase intercept. it's a combination. and, of course, there are these technologies. for example, directed energy can help us with cruise missile defense as well as powder guns

and, what's the other one? electromagnetic, you know, rail guns. and, again, you can begin to see how technologies play into this. it's a very hard problem. and maybe for that reason we haven't really tackled it yet. but it's a problem, i think, that is of strategic significance. and so our ability to do that and our willingness to do that and especially as allies the need to do that together, i think, is crucial. >> i'm going to squeeze out some time here for questions from the audience. if anyone has any. >> i just wanted to mention the word taiwan too before we get questions from the audience. the test of whether we defend the first island chain or not, which andrew said this morning is what we're doing, the test would be whether taiwan is part of american defense planning. and it's pretty obvious it's not. we do not send airplanes, air force planes, naval ships. we used to have a two-star

admiral on taiwan called the taiwan defense command. there was a giant war plan. there's also a two-star general over in the embassy in charge of the military, the mag program, the assistance and sales program. taiwan in those days functioned almost as part of the zillionth fleet -- seventh fleet. there were exercises done against the joint war plan. there was intelligence cooperation. if there's a war with china, this is what we'll all do. that all went away in 1979 and has never been restored. in fact, there's enormous consensus in our country not to restore it. so tie -- taiwan, in some sense, as a military partner simply does not exist for the united states. if that were to change, then some of the ideas you mentioned would make more sense. but it's not going to change. even the telephone call to taiwan's so-called elected president according to beijing

is, our consensus is that was a big violation of our national consensus. so if you can't take a phone call, how can you have joint exercises, a joint war plan, develop technology together? and i'll mention something else besides the word taiwan, arthur, that needs to be on the table be you're talking about technology strategy of china. one of the key concepts in my assassins mace chapter, a concept in which you must have cheaper technology than your opponent in that same sector. so last december 14th just after midnight off honolulu, the john paul jones fired two sm-6 missiles and shot down a simulated ballistic missile target. successfully. the missile defense agency announced this on its web site. it's actually a very big deal.

not noticed in the united states. what do you suppose the reaction was in china? their curious to know the price -- they're curious to know the price of an sm of 6. in japan i would think since the sm-3 program in arthur's paper described as a huge success, i would think japan would be interested in the sm-6 as well. >> we are. [laughter] >> we have one vote from the admiral. >> keen interest. >> the other thing to think about in terms of your larger question, our response. sometimes when the united states does something, it's misunderstood by the chinese in either a good way or a bad way from our point of view. i think a lot of americans, including me, thought the fad being deployed in south korea would be a good thing. not from the chinese point of view. they put up a number of articles that the spy radar when it's converted, it takes eight hours to convert from short range to long range.

when it's converted to long rage, it has an 1800-mile range, so it covers the icbm silos, and then with enough missiles at the thad site, the entire chinese icbm force -- according to them -- gets neutralized. and fairly cheaply. now, this is kind of interesting. there's a number of graphics the chinese have published also showing what the spy 2 radar in japan can do. so the chinese are thinking ahead. but, again, they're asking what's the cost of ballistic missile defense compared to these very, very cheap df-21 and df-26 anti-aircraft carrier missiles. that's two things for you, taiwan and the price of countering the opponent's -- in the case of china, i can't say opponent -- our friend's move. [laughter] >> that's right. andy?

>> the only thing, you know, mike talked about the chinese looking at strategy in multiple dimensions. one thing that really strikes me about taiwan, and i hadn't thought of this since a colleague, bob kagan, raised the issue in his book, is to some extent taiwan really functions in a similar way to west berlin in the cold war with in -- war n the sense that you have this alternate system sitting next to the system that the ccp has created. and for the chinese people, that system represents the alternative in terms of material well-being, personal freedom, individual liberty, lack of -- environmental protection, you know, openness to the outside world. and i think from a political point of view apart from the strategic military issues that michael raised, that's an incredibly important role that

taiwan plays in terms of the ccp and its ability to argue that it's the legitimate -- it offers the legitimate best pass for the chinese people. and the other, of course, is to the extent that we are self-limited in our ability to cooperate with the taiwanese, perhaps over time our japanese friends will not be so self-limited. >> except that's one of the promises dr. kissinger made to the chinese, america will not allow -- used the word allow -- japan to play a role in taiwan's defense. dr. brzezinski revealed this of henry kissinger in his own memoir. that's when it first was made public. >> yeah. several comments from far east side. [laughter] the first in the science and technology, i recommended to create some form of the

technology containment strategy against china. that's our concern. u.s. is so kind to provide vital technology and science information to china. so that's really against our policy. and if u.s. is serious about thinking china as a future potential threat, i think it is a time for two nations -- japan, u.s -- to discuss and create some form of technology containment against china. without that, we would lose the race. that's one thing. and the second they are, of course, keeping the u.s. forces in our area. [inaudible] and heavy sweat and labor associated.

but for china, still largest obstacle and threat has been the u.s. navy and the air force and the marines. and we -- [inaudible] in the future. so if this is the reality by all costs, japan and the u.s. has to develop. and one thing, protecting the first island chain especially in japanese part is not the u.s.' responsibility. that's our role. because japan is responsible to protect our own land include aring islands. including islands. we don't ask you come and protect our islands. rather, we want the u.s. military -- [inaudible] or to show strike capability against china to deter. that's the basic mission strategy, mission sharing between japan and the united states. and first island chain and

induction to that, u.s. may ask japan do you have the capability. yes. outside of the navy -- our side of the navy is larger than the -- [inaudible] other than carrier, okay? or size of the air force, number of fighter is larger than the u.s. air force fighters combined. and those robust navy, protective navy and protective air force are conducting defensive role in our region. one thing lacking is the strike capability. under the japanese constitution. that's what we want to emphasize. if this happens, perhaps china will have -- [inaudible] and the last thing is please think about that. geography and geopolitics. whatever the chinese navy and the air force they have in the

future, they are still contained in the south china sea and east china sea, okay? and especially in the south china sea, that's something like the -- [inaudible] we'll be able to keep the -- [inaudible] right? and the south china sea is the internal container. and the line connecting taiwan, philippines and indonesia and vietnam, that's the outer container. so for us, especially what we need to do -- i'm not discussing the current status, but what we need to do to develop is a new concept how to protect the outer skin of the -- [inaudible]

of course, something different -- [inaudible] we need to develop new idea or new strategy to keep that outer skin of the -- hard enough to contain china within the internal jar. and same is true east china sea. it's not the -- [inaudible] but at least robust defense force supported by u.s. strike capability are protecting. so for china, realizing a2/ad is not easy job. >> sure. >> that's their concept. operationally. today they are free to transit our strait. [inaudible] not so. but at the same time, we have problems. that's why i'm saying three things. free ballistic missile defense capability and japanese missile

defense capability and cruise missile defense capability. together with sabotage. that's the responsibility for japan. but most of the missile defense capability, that's the joint. those are the, you know, the things i wanted to say in this morning. thank you very much. >> just very quickly because i do have to go on the problem's in terms of fleet ballistic missile defense, i think that's extremely important within the context of a much more broad, comprehensive approach to missile defense. second, i think an interesting question for the japanese fleet would be in a crisis, would it -- will they still stay in port and be highly vulnerable? i mean, if american aircraft carriers are concerned about coming close, what would be the disposition of the japanese fleet? >> [inaudible] >> and how close are you at sea? and what is your alternate basing -- >> [inaudible]

>> what are your alternate logistics? how are you going to break a blockade of japan? how? >> [inaudible] >> china blockading japan. if the war lasts more -- what? >> we will block the strait. >> they can hit your -- >> in the cold war days, we did against soviets. >> first, if we assume -- [inaudible conversations] >> the chinese are watching this panel, okay? [laughter] you guys are making me very uncomfortable. [laughter] >> if we assume -- >> our war plans, the war. >> in public. >> then they can preposition submarines, they can target your ports with ballistic missile, they can employ and position smart minds -- >> that's why i'm telling you we need to -- [inaudible] >> right. the other thing i would say is for me one of the interesting moves in terms of china moving into the south china sea, obviously, there are resources there and so on. but what strikes me is if we were playing a game with the

chinese, they have moved some stones into very interesting positions. which, essentially, have -- if we don't respond -- have put us in a position of losing a lot of our strategic depth in southeast asia and in the philippines. >> [inaudible] >> yes. well, you know how to play. the americans may not know how to play very well -- >> [inaudible] >> yes, absolutely. so thank you. >> one quick question before you go. would you support japan's creating an office of net assessment? like we have in the pentagon? >> yes. i think it's a very useful way of thinking about -- >> you do? >> -- these kinds of problems. >> yep, definitely. >> thank you so much. >> andy, want to thank you so much. michael, is this a japanese translation of $100-year -- "100-year marathon"? >> yes, i'm going to give it to the prime minister. >> i want to thank our panel for what has been a really fascinating discussion. [applause]

and i want to put in one final, i want to put in one final word, and that is there's a story today in global times, which as you know is part of china daily, that seafood from the south china sea is now on sale in beijing. and that chinese consumers are finding these seafoods very good. in fact, even taste better than seafood from the east china sea. [laughter] and did you know that? did you know that? and the upshot of the article -- >> i'm not sure it's true. >> and also the online comments, the upshot of it was that as china's presence grows in the south china sea, that this will be an economic boom for the peoples living around the south china sea, the fishermen, for example, will now have an entire new market that will open up for them in china as a result of this. and what we see with china's growing role is the promise of economic prosperity radiating out through to the shores of the countries that border on the

south china sea. that article is, i think, a very good reminder -- not just before lunch, it's also a very good reminder of the fact that the a2/ad strategy is not only taking place in the military or in the economic sphere, but also in the information domain. and i think that article is a very interesting example. and the comments that go with it of how that -- >> chinese name for ad/a2 we keep saying over here is counter-intervention strategy. it's to counter american intervention. >> yeah. that was part of -- yes, absolutely. >> while congress is in recess this week, we're showing you booktv in prime time. tonight a look at 2016's notable books starting with john donovan and karen zucker on their book, "in a different key: the story of autism." then patricia bell scott looks at the firebrand and the first lady.

after that, dan zack on almighty: courage, resistance and existential peril in the nuclear age. and finally, candice my lard discusses -- millard discusses hero of the empire. booktv tonight and all this week starting at 8 p.m. eastern here on c-span2. and on c-span3, it's american history tv in prime time with our lectures in history series. we'll begin at 8 p.m. eastern with an event on sport and race in the 1980s. see it on c-span3. >> this week on c-span in prime time, tonight at eight eastern president barack obama and japanese prime minister shinzo abe visit the american naval base at pearl harbor. mr. abe is the first sitting japanese leader to visit the site of the attack that launched u.s. involvement in world war ii. wednesday night beginning at eight, a review of house and senate hearings from 2016 on

topics including the flint, michigan, water crisis and the wells fargo unauthorized account scandal. >> seriously? you found out that one of your divisions had created two million fake accounts, had fired thousands of employees for improper behavior and had cheated thousands of your own customers, and you didn't even once consider firing her ahead of her retirement? >> thursday at 8 p.m. eastern, we remember some of the political figures that passed away in 2016 including former first lady nancy reagan and supreme court justice antonin scalia. and friday night at eight, our in memoriam program continues with shimon peres, muhammad ali and former astronaut and senator john glenn. this week in prime time on c-span. >> the reagan presidential library recently hosted its first-ever young women's leadership summit in celebration of the 35th anniversary of the

appointment of justice sandra day o'connor to the supreme court. this segment begins with remarks by nancy mace, the first woman to graduate from the citadel. it's an hour, ten minutes. [applause] >> good morning, y'all. good morning. i'm super excited to be here this morning. i want to thank rebecca for the call i got a few weeks ago for the invitation to be here. i've never visited the reagan library, and to be in the halls of a hero, for me, from when i was a child and growing up in the '80s is a real, is a real honor, and i'm excited. it's rare or that i'm in a room full of women. typically in business meetings and a client setting or in the boardroom, i'm the only woman or one of very few. i typically have been in areas

of business that are very few women, ironically, i guess. that's just my life story, i suppose. so i'm excited to be with y'all this morning. take notes, you've got some great speakers today. have the courage to ask questions when we do our panel to all the women that you're going to see here today, because i think you're going to have a really exciting time. i'm going to spend a few minutes telling my life story, and because it happened really before all you guys were born pretty much, back in the '90s. and hopefully, you'll glean something from it about leadership and what i think as a woman some of the challenges we face in that role, but some of the things that i think are very important, just a handful. first off, courage. having the courage to be the best that you can be without fear, having the courage to do right thing even when nobody is looking.

also i think that it's important to have confidence. you'll need more confidence to become a leader in this world than you've ever thought imaginable or possible. you also need to have the value of hard work. you don't have to be the smartest person in the room or the smartest person at the table. but it doesn't take a lot of effort to look your best, speak your best, show up on time and work very hard and diligently to be successful and have others follow you in your leadership journey. and lastly i would say, it takes a drop of honey badger, okay? not a full gallon, that's too much. just a drop. because you need to be able to ignore the riffraff or the negative people that will come up after you. because the further you go up the ladder, whether it's in corporation or in civic engagement or up the pole, the more that you will be exposed.

the more people can criticize you. the more they can come after you. the more negativity that there is towards you the higher up you go and the more people that can then pile on. and i dare say stay off social media and don't -- when you're getting pummeled, don't pay attention to it. i didn't grow up in the era of social media, and i can't imagine what life would have been like at the citadel had we had facebook. i don't know, i don't know what would have happened. it'd have been too much. so to tell my story, in the mid '90s, we'll go back to 1995. on my 17th birthday, thereabouts, i was a junior in high school. and i decided for the first time in my life and for the last time that i would quit. i quit high school when i was a injury. i walked out one -- when i was a junior. i walked out one day and said i

was done. i'm the daughter of a retired army general. my mom was a schoolteacher in my high school. to this day, i can't imagine how disappointed they were in me for quitting at something. but at the time, i had been bullied for two years by a certain member of the football team at my high school. it was physical bullying, it was emotional, it was mental, and i allowed that experience to control how i felt about myself. i didn't have the courage to stand up for myself and speak for myself on my behalf. and it lowered my confidence to such low levels, i didn't think i could be successful at anything in life regardless of school and athletics, because i was an athlete, and i was an all-star athlete all growing up. but i allowed one person to affect my entire life. never again has that ever

happened. because of that experience. i was very blessed at the time. the principal of my high school called me into his office, and there was a special program that they had just started for students like myself who dropped out to get their high school diploma. and i went to a tech school to get college credits so that i could get my diploma instead of a ged. and i did that program. but because i'd made some choices in my life -- quitting mainly -- i had to take responsibility for my actions. and my parents all throughout my life but particularly in this case stressed the importance of taking responsibility for your actions and teaching me the value of hard work. if i wanted to go to college, i had to pay for it myself. do you guys have waffle house out here? anybody heard of waffle house in great waffles and better hash browns, by the way.

i took a job as a waitress, my first job at 17. i waited tables at warm house. i took -- waffle house. i took a second job as a secretary in an office. i went to a local tech school at night and on the weekends in order to get my high school diploma. i did it in six months. in record speed i graduated from high school, actually early, a year ahead of my class. and then i had to decide what was i going to do when i grew up. i didn't know what i wanted to do. so i continued to go to this tech school for the next year. in 1996 the citadel, the military college of south carolina, which was founded in 842 before -- 1842 before the civil war and had had, who had 154 years as an all-male institution decided that it would open its doors to women in the summer of 996. -- 1996.

and this decision changed my life forever. my father is a 1963 graduate of the citadel. he is a retired general, as i said earlier. he's the most decorated military officer the citadel has ever graduated in the history of its college. he's earned every commendation from the army except for the medal of honor, that for which he was nominated. he was stern growing up, he's strong, decisive, aggressive, had more than a drop of honey badger. [laughter] but i think you have to have that kind of chutzpah a little bit as a leader so that your, the folks who follow you will have the confidence in you. and i really looked up to him. he really is my hero. and my mother was always my best friend in life, because the further up you go on the ladder, the more of a leader you become, your family's even more important because your friends will occasionally leave you behind.

they'll get jealous or, you know, they'll have disagreements. but your family will always be there for you. so i've always had a very close relationship with my mother, because she is my best friend. so on a wednesday night in the summer of 1996, the citadel decidedded that it would admit women. and i watched it on the news. and on thursday, the next day, i took off from work, i bailed, and i went down to the citadel's campus because i lived about 25 miles away from its campus. and i picked up an application from the school. i don't want even know -- i didn't have laptop back then, so i think i scribbled my application probably in pencil. i mean, i didn't have much time because they decided in the summer, like june or july, school year started in august. there was not a lot of time to apply. so is that night i filled in everything i possibly could on the application. i went back down on friday morning, and i dropped off the application. immediately following, on the

next monday, the school called me and is said that i had been tentatively accepted as one of the first of four women that would enter the citadel that year. and i thought, oh, goodness. one of the things i had not done up until that point in time was actually tell my parents that i was going to be one of the first women to go to the citadel. not only that, it was my father's alma mater. not only that, but my parents were against women at the citadel until they decided to open their doors to women. and so i had a dilemma that i was facing. and tuesday, the next day, i found my mom, and i went and talked to her, and i broke the news to her that i'd been accepted and that i was going to go to the citadel, come hell or high water. i was going to be there in august. the first thing she told me that i had to do was i had to tell my father. and i will tell you, i was

scared to death to tell him. because i knew what he was going to say. it took me one week to actually get up the courage to have this conversation with my dad, because i wasn't ready for what the repercussions may or may not be. when i did, he did what i thought he was going to do. he told me i shouldn't do it, told me no. he said that i would want to quit, that'd be hard, that i would cry, and that i'd want to come home quickly into it. of course, i was 18 at the time. what do 18-year-olds know? everything, right? so i told him these are all the reasons i want to go to this place. i want to follow in your footsteps. i want a small college. i wanted a challenging environment. i needed discipline.

i had -- i knew that much, that i needed more self-discipline in my life, and i had something to prove to myself. i had something to prove, i felt, like to my father and to my, to my parents. and so i went to the citadel having a little bit of a chip on my shoulder knowing that i was there for personal reasons, not for personal gain, but because i had something to prove to myself that i could be successful in that environment when i attended. a few short weeks later after running three to five miles a day to prepare, after learning how to do a real man's push-up -- ladies, that means full plank, no knees on the ground, back and down and back and forth, i was ready. and the first week at the citadel is called hell week. so your parents drop you off on the campus which looks like a military installation.

it's a beautiful campus. and my mom, when they -- when my parents dropped me off, my mom gave me a hug, and she had tears and told me how much she was going to love me and miss me. my father shook my hand, and his final words to me were this. he said, nancy, don't call home if you want to quit. just put on your shoes and start walking. well, i lived 25 miles away, and i start doing the math, 25 miles, that's about the length of a marathon. i thought quitting is not an option, because i'm not running a marathon to get home. it's not, not happening. and with that, i went into the citadel. hell week's the first week. the very first day they chop all your hair off. my hair is a bit long today, it was a little wit shorter than this, but after my first haircut, i had an inch on top, and my hair was tapered on the

sides and in the back. it took me a week to look in the mirror was with i looked like the spitting image of my brother, james. [laughter] i didn't have fancy nail, no makeup, no fancy dresses. it was hard core all the time. it was a very intense environment. the third day of hell week we had our first pt test. i felt like i needed to prepare more so than probably anybody else going into that experience, because i knew that as a woman that i'd have to be twice as good to be seen as half as good in that all-male environment. because there were about 2,000 students there. four women started that year. very few of us. so our first pt test not only did i, was my goal to max out on the female standards, but i had to max out on the male standards. and i did because of all the training i had done, all the running and cardiovascular training i'd done to prepare. i did that all on my own. but that day i beat out all but

four guys in my battalion on the pt test. and from there on i had started to prove myself that i was there not for personal gain, but to have and be the best person that i could be coming out of that experience. and it changed minds while i was there. one of the cadet cans i first met when i was on campus, his name was mr. wiseman. when i got there, i knew that he did not want me there. he hated me. he stared at me with vitriol. i could move one step over, one foot, and his eyes would go to the left. i'd move to the right, his eyes would go all the way back to the right. he would just stare at me the entire time. but that day after the pt test and what they call hell night, i was running back to my room, it was dark, i was coming around a corner, and i hear this man shout, halt, mace. ..

i want you to promise me that i will see you get your ring and that i will say you across the stage at graduation three years later. not only did he do that, but he officiated my wedding several years later. so the relationships i've built with many of my male cadets have become lifelong relationships, best friends. i knew that by working hard, by having the courage to do the right thing at every corner and have the confidence to be the best that i could be, i could be successful in that environment. i also learned about good leadership and bad leadership while i was there. we are in a room full of women today.

i learned in that environment, ironically, that we are so much tougher on each other than we are sometimes with our male friends or colleagues. my first boss out of college was a male. it was a female. i always felt like she was much tougher on as they know consultants than our male counterparts. the women to follow me, i have done the same thing. i took pride in seeing a quickly i could one of the other female cadets to cry or get them to dislike me because i was so tough and i learn and a process i had to back off and treat everybody fairly. but it was a very important experience for the change, change to who i was. two years ago i ran for the u.s. senate in south carolina. i raised an enormous amount of money for a first-time candidate. i didn't win. i came out with 6% of the vote, very little. but i learned in the process

also when i look back on it and reflect on it, i didn't have the confidence to be as successful as i could be because i doubted myself it and listen to some of those negative forces. so even now 20th after going to college i'm so making mistakes and i am still learning from them. as you make mistakes throughout life, they are worthless if you cannot learn from them as well so for me being here today and sharing this with you, when you work your hardest and your best and give it all you've got in life, when you have the courage to be yourself and to do the right thing with your colleagues or with your friends, and when you have the confidence can't even laugh a little bit in the workplace, appropriate jokes, jokes go a long way and building confidence in yourself bu and ao people looking at you as a leader.

that's it's going to get you through in life life, a little e of humor also. but that is it. nothing more. you don't have to be the smartest, dress the best. that's all all you need in order to cultivate your leadership and your leadership style. some want to thank you all for being here this morning. i'm super excited, and hope you guys enjoy the rest of the day. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, nancy. that was amazing. i'm so excited that all of the women who have come here to speak to you today and decided to share such personal stories. i am inspired by the next woman i'm going to buy on to the state. she is woman i been aspiring from afar. a few months ago i the opportunity of attending museum camp which is like a special development workshop weekend, and she was a mentor there. through our time together i just

knew that she needed to be here because she had a really great story to share. so please welcome miss monica montgomery. [applause] >> how's everyone feeling? wwe're going to take the energy in your, clap if you are excited to be here today. [applause] yes. i'm super excited to be here with you. i'm excited to see her face is. i once sat in your seat and i was needing inspiration and the wasn't a reagan foundation in new york the property but the other spaces i was able to learn and grow. today i want to talk to you about being again face leader. have you once a game face. >> game face. >> a little louder. >> game face. >> now like you feel it. game face. yes. we will talk about what is your game face. i'll give you a hint. you are wearing it now.

you will keep wearing it and then i will talk you about how i found my game space that game face leadership journey. i flew in from brooklyn, new york, first time in l.a. very excited to be here. i am a museum director. i'm a international keynote speaker. i also teach at harvard, a few other things within us with the most important at all i am a chronic rule breaker. i probably shouldn't be saying this to you, but most of the things i've gotten most of things i've done my life is because i've been able to push back against the establishment, against systems of oppression, spaces i felt didn't affirm me. that rule breaker mentality has served me well and that might be something you consider in your game face journey. so what is game face and how can we find her game face leadership quirks i want to speak about three tips for doing so. discovering your values,

crafting your get back, and honoring your identity. so what is game face? it's being fierce. it's being bold. it's being intentional and thoughtful. it's a vulnerable, vulnerability and resourcefulness. it's all the qualities of a good leader that you have within you right now. i want you to know leadership is not this destination. it's a journey and you are on it and you're feeling it and experiencing it. your circumstances don't dictate your leadership. you can leap from where you are right now whether you're in high school or college or still trying to figure it out. all of that is valuable to building again face leadership style. i think game face is that projecting this image of boys, integrity, confidence and slacker that defines your inner character and the perception your peers have about you. it's that profound impression you leave behind when you travel to a space.

let's see, is everyone in this room tonight with beyoncé? okay. she's a game face leader, right? the way she raises her daughter, prejudices, hits the stage and turns into sasha fierce and gives of this amazing, amazing like killer like i cant even, she gets on the stage and everyone just feels that, right? that's again face. it's the way michelle obama leads with grace and poise as the first lady and how she started all these initiatives like let's move to foster well-being and healthy living and exercise. that's game face. it's how activists like caught up on the flagpole to take down a symbol of tierney and oppression like the confederate flag and rip it out because they can't take it anymore and they know this needs to change. that's again face. all of these women and other women in this room and outside of this room are projecting this game face leadership.

i think you have it in you to project that as well. challenges, they come and go. circumstances change. political election seasons come and go but your leadership journey is sacred and it something that you keep working on no matter what's happening. no matter what's affecting you up and down. no matter your age, your ethnicity, the school you attend to, or socioeconomic background or your spiritual beliefs. you are a leader. want to everyone say i am a leader spirit i am a leader spend a little more convincingly. convincingly. i am a leader. >> i am. >> yes, that's how it is good. you are again face leader and you control how you walk through the world and how you respond to circumstances. a lot of times people are going to throw shade at you. things in this world are going to happen that you don't like but you have this power, this inner core from your values to be that game face leader, to stand up for what's right and to

chipping causes that you think are important. we know how fierce women can be when they champion causes, when they honor their leadership journey and bring their values to the table. i want to do an activity because i'm an interactive speaker and i don't want to just talk at you. we are not going to make you do another power pole. we got that one right, but that's cool. i would love for you to turn talk to people next to you and after two questions. thinking about values, thinking what is intelligence, compassion, resilience, joy, patience, excitement, whatever, your game ships leadership values and what woman in the world i is a game face are you admire? let's take three minutes for that. [inaudible conversations]

>> game face all right. i would love to hear anyone raise a hand, shout out out who are some leaders, and game face women that you admire. yes? jk rowling become, desperate hoe forget, new movie coming out. indeed. look at this fantastic -- another game face leader you admire and why. yes? [inaudible] >> yes. and tell me why do you admire her? what are the values she has that you admire? [inaudible] spirit and she uses herself a lot of times in great physical danger to advocate for that. that's a great point. so what else. again face leader and why. [inaudible] >> why?

[inaudible] >> i love it. we are going to keep going. they're so making face leaders. you had your hand up. [inaudible] >> tell us about her. >> she is the counsel one for the fifth district, currently a believe the only elected woman on the l.a. city council. she is really powerful and she really embraces women's rights and she's a big inspiration to me as someone who wants to go into invisible politics. >> fantastic. yes, yes. in the back with the glasses. all the way in the back and they will go to your friend right next to you. the mic is coming. again face mic. >> tia torres. >> tell us about her. >> she gets others second

chances in the van a bad past. >> i like it. yes. this table right behind you. they had two hands up. i want to hear more from you all that i want to do for myself. [inaudible] tell us again. what do you love about her? >> sorry. she had confidence and perseverance because it did the environment she grew up in and her religion. she had the voice to speak up and really kind of tell people what she believed. >> you know their game face. you had your hand up right here. right you. nope. back. wait. right there, yes. >> someone who i think is inspiring is temple grandin because she didn't take no for an answer and she did let people like bring her down. >> yes, yes. thank you.

and that i saw another -- sorry. >> i wanted to do a shout out for laurie peters. she's a teacher that walked away from an $80,000 career full benefits to start one sport academy. it's an academy for middle schools to make a difference in the middle school years in thousand oaks, california. there's another lady that works with her. so they're all committed to making a difference in those middle school years for girls like you. [applause] >> this side of the room has been so patient. we are going to get to every single person. here we are. [inaudible] she so amazing and she's in a position of power and using that to show people the problems that girl sat and she's using her clothing line to make girls are comfortable with the bodies that i think that's really amazing. >> yes, yes. [applause] >> someone else with her hand up spirit i know she's not a real person but i love -- the essence

of game face. >> i just let a powerful she is an iphone looks up to her because i think that's a women should be looked at. >> thank you. >> i think michelle obama is quite admirable. [cheers and applause] >> with her work ethic and her strike in childhood obesity spent fantastic. thank you. more hands. more hands. i see some vacuum and then we will get to you. >> someone i find very inspiring is my mother, because she is raising four children and a grandchild, and she's doing all this and still going to college. so she inspires me to do my best and she gives me confidence. [applause] >> clap for your mom, all the moms. all the game face moms. >> i would say that -- the first two women to pass either ranger school. i i think i was a huge

accomplishment. [applause] >> i love it. >> the one woman i really admire is kellyanne conway in addition to having a successful presidential campaign with the donald trump she has had a successful legal career. i really admire her intelligence, her strategy and her work ethic. >> fantastic. thank you. over here. >> the leadership teacher just because you stand for everyone and cares about everyone. >> yes. the teachers everywhere. >> simone biles because she gives such a positive attitude towards people she inspires. >> indeed. cap for -- clap for simone and other olympians. [inaudible] [inaudible] >> she won the voice and she did the best she could. >> yes. reality show game features, i love it. >> a lot of people don't like

her but she stands up and she tells like what she believes in the lot of people don't like her. spirit why don't people like her? >> she kind of doesn't, has the same abuses everyone. and she doesn't say everything like how everyone would like her to say it spinning but she still speaking up. clap for everyone that is like not saying what everyone wants them to say. let's do like two more. two more. yes. >> my history teacher because she always stresses the importance of being active in the government and she's just amazing. she just makes me happy everyday. [applause] >> that's everything. one last -- yes spirit alex morgan because you never give up and she inspires so many people and i think she is really amazing. >> indeed indeed. i love it. your perseverance, okay, okay. one less person.

>> i wanted -- what is? miss monroe, my teacher at her because she bleeds and everybody and anybody. >> yes, ms. munro. [applause] i love the character so many amazing examples that you all have and you will continue to share with one another again face women who had his values, who are inspiring you and others around you. i think the second component of finding your game face leadership like many of you touched all is crafting your get back. how can you use your time, talent, treasure to make this world a better place? how can you uplift communities locally and globally? what causes major heart explode? what injustices keep up at night next what matter so much to you that you would break your site is for it, that you speak out and speak up about it? movements, often social movements, are the catalyst for

rns and more about the world around us. their summary things happening that are troublesome to myself, to others in this country that people are working hard to change. there's prison reform, equal stewardship, voting rights, black lives matter, women's leadership and fostering others. what's the cause or causes you were going to choose to craft your get back in becoming again face leader? we have to be willing to break the bondage of apathy. when something happens and we are frozen, or we feel helpless, or we doubt everything who am i to take a stand? who am i to try to change that question will never work because i'm just one person. game face leaders work in community come in solidarity with one another and realize building successful strong effective teams of any age from any background is the key to having that leadership journey be successful. i think there's two types of people in this world and i resected a talk show, it's

exciting to hear all this but about ted talk. talk about the end up stand up when the two types of people into a collector or bystanders and there are upstanders. a bystander summit is passive. they are there when something is happening, a critical moment in history but they are not really taking any action. they are watching. and upstander is someone who is active, progress and action to make things better in the world. the world needs more upstanders, and you all of that next generation of upstanders. my colleague anthony talked about being the light. in my estimation the light on his upstanders that inspires sometimes and activist places, political spaces, organizing spaces. there's grace the box, a legendary activist from dakota did so much to educate and

enlighten and help her city. there are people like shirley chisholm who was the first black woman to run for president back in the '70s. there's ella baker and dorothy height and other unsung heroes of the civil rights movement. there's nina simone and my angela and countless archivists that use the music and their poetry to stand up for what's right. there are the three cofounders of black lives matter movement, opal, alisa, and patrice costaro start a worldwide movement for change. [applause] >> in addition to being an upstander crafting your get back, finding and identifying your values and honoring your identity what's the culture of the background that you come from? that's an asset. don't hide that. don't assimilate. make that come to the floor. use at your secret sauce towards fun your game face leadership. the sunday dinners, the holidays, the language, the food waste in the culture that you have is all part of your

uniqueness when becoming again face leader. channel that strength from where you have been, where you are, what your family has been, what you've been through and what you've accomplished and overcome in your leadership journey. the outspoken and use your voice and your thoughts to champion change and spread knowledge. you are the next generation of game face leaders. you.your identity, your values,r get back, your culture come all that is so essential in making this world a better place. it's time to do something. it's time to take a stand and i'll see you on the front lines is again face leader. thank you. [applause] >> i find her energy so infectious. is everybody feeling that right now? absolutely. i'm really excited to now move into a conversation and to put these wonderful panelists a bit. of these leaders have been

sharing their story and framing it in a conversation of what is the women's leadership looking like today? to do that with a wonderful moderator, kristen campbell, executive director of the pay for organization. she's passionate about civic organizations. i would like to welcome her to the stage along with our panelists to start framing this discussion at the end of their discussion you have a chance to ask questions to our panelists for a period of time. thank you. [applause] >> that you so much, rebekah. thank you all for being here and for having as here. let's show rebekah that we have her back this morning, right? in the way she is all of our backs. i'm going to start by asking you guys a quick question at what you do yell loud and proud what i know that you know the answer is, okay? ready?

who runs the world? >> girls. >> who runs the world? >> girls. >> tranone, we got you and thank you for having us, us and as here today. [applause] we are going to start by having just a little bit of a dialogue up you here on standby to want o model monachus leadership and make sure we do that quickly so that we can get into a discussion with all of you all about your question on leadership today. so i have just three questions for these ladies come and be thinking about the address of honey badger that you want to bring into this conversation with him as well. so let's go ahead and get started. the first question i would like to ask to each of you is both tony and rebekah started this money by sharing pictures and stories about why they do this work. i think as women we take a

understand that we stand where we are because of the people who have come before us, and the shoulders that we stand on. i would love to start just by asking both of you who most inspires your leadership style and what do you hope your leadership inspires in others? >> i inspired by so many people both in my family life and in the world. i'm very inspired by my great-grandmother who was a sharecropper in louisiana it was one of the first people to know how to read at that other people to read in her immediate area and you helped to found a church. that kind of community local leadership an inspires me great. i'm also inspired white people that have started movements, movement builders, activist, organizers around the world and the legacy that they leave. >> i would say that my biggest inspiration i think growing up, i didn't have very many public

role models looking at that but my mom, because she's a very, very, for her era, coming out of the sixties, she is very strong minded, very strong-willed, very vocal, regardless of what she is doing, and having that energy, and no looking back when she does get out there and put herself out there really i think helped me become a better person. and as i had gotten older, my children, especially my daughter seeing her the way she looks up at me inspires me to be better, be a better leader. within all of you all, too, because in my position at the citadel there been several hundred women to come behind me. i had to set this example for those people, too. so that they can be the best they can be. >> what would each of you say but again face values?