nobody listens to nancy pelosi. you're just not listen. nobody cares what she says. but if van jones and other people make arguments to move to the center and be responsible, that's powerful. that could work. >> host: well, knowing van, anything is possible. >> guest: true. true. we'll watch him when hi doesite we have our eyes on him. thank you so 0 so much. the fourth way, a great weed. >> guest: thank you for reading it so closely and great interview. c-span2 ...

>> the william easterly seem machine fellow the manhattan institute is wound the proudest investments we make each year. a quick overrue of case prolific work. she write's childhood, family issues, poverty, and cultural changes in america, and has authored five very successful books. she has wherein for in the "new york times," the "washington post," "the wall street journal," the new republic, new york news day, public interests, the wilson quarterly and commentary, among others. she is a highly south after presenter at conferences on television and radio, and she sits on the board of national affairs and the future of children. she holds degrees from bran dies -- brandeis and columbia universities i don't know when she has free time but does make out in that she is a doting

grandma now. bear with is as a tell a quick story. back when he somewhats thinkingmeter previous book, i was in the throes of being on the new york single scene. says way as so perplexed from the radio science that i was ann checking the obituaries to see if his name popped up. thankfully his name one there and hasn't shown up and i wish him well. i did find mr. right and he has moved through the man-child phase of life, and we're currently working on expanding our family for a second time. thank you. but more than other year after i mixed my dating woes, kay asked if she could use the example in her back.

it's kay's skill to ick up on throwaway instances like any o'bit wear story, check them and weave them that -- makes her an influential, successful successd interesting scholar. able to step back and see trend, negative and positive, that the larger public is taking forland, is too busy to notice or simply doesn't want to acknowledge. kay knows how to identify a problem in society, anticipate the future implication and make recommendations on how to best address these trends with the interests of families the core. she developed recommendations that reasoned across the aisle, across the sexes, across skin tones and fiscal bracts. not an easy feat. perhaps you share my inclination to drift off into a day dream when reading or listening to some that is too technical. you want do that today or anytime you have the pleasure to engage with kay's work. that if is another beautiful

aspect of her writing. she is seamletly weaves the evidence for policy recommendations into a story that her audience is actually interested in. the new brooklyn examines the recent renaissance of brooklyn through zone reform, crime reduction, and the arrival of college educate americans and whats impact that has on the local populations. she helps the audience understand how the renaissance is not the first of its kind. brooklyn started as farmland and was gentrified once before. the difference is this time the change is paced on creative destruction rather than industrialization, chapters include research on the a block-by-black split in bed sty where are there bars on one block and night shootings on the leftful work ethnic tv ochinese, the change in manufacturing from goods to ideas, the slow but steady mobility of the jamaican population, the ghetto stigma in

east new york and brownsville, the hipster population in williamsberg and theupies. kaysters the conversations towards policy ask cultural norms that can actually foster upward mobility among the urban poor. stable family, job access, policing policies and education options, housing and transportation. it's a page turner and i'm sure you you'll be transform across the river. encourage nip who does have a cop of the book to get one the end of the luncheon, and very favorable review will be published in the february 5th february 5th edition of "the new york times" book review. so, as you'll learn, anything with the name brooklyn in it is bound to please. and kay will be happy to sign. the. so mess join me in working

somebody i greatly admire, kay hymowitz. [applause] >> well, i'm speechless. fortunately i have some notes in front of me. that was much too kind, sarah. such a pleasure to work if the simon foundation. in addition to being very generous towardded me they're great fun and i veil -- i feel very warmly towards the entire crew, including sarah. in 1982 my husband and i bought a house in the park slope neighborhood of brooklyn, when i tell people that these days, new yorker in particular, or wannabe new yorkers, i get this look look in their eyes and looks to me like envy. so, i can understand why.

park slope in 2010, the stack statistics guru, called it one after the best neighbors in new york city. an amazing place to own a home but i have to admit to you that we don't feel that lucky. luckis the guy down the street who bought two houses. of course in 1982, when i tell people knew that i was buying a house in brooklyn, they didn't look envious. they look alarmed. brooklyn was not a place that a jewish girl should aspire to live in. people who could were leaving brooklyn for the subbers and there were many momented wonder what we had been think can, particularly a moment in 1990 when the mother of my younger daughter's classmate had a gun fountain her head as she exited the q train after christmas jobbing in manhattan.

we took the q train a lot and still do in a lot of respect they would story of how brooklyn came to this decrepit state redem sells what we heard about the failing si stus and towns of trump country and rust belt and appalachia, and i don't prepare i-bring this us because i can't stop talking about the election. the parallel is real flow. midded of the 19th to the middle of the 220th brooklyn was a thriving industrial city. if you oak -- each of you has a map which unfortunately doesn't show you where the east river is but a you can imagine where it is. if you look, you will see in the -- to the left of the middle is prospect park and just to the left of that is park slope.

which is where i live all these years later. and brooklyn was a thriving industrial city and if you think of this water front city from sunset park to red hook, going up the coast with me, all the way into the navy yard, williamsberg and green point, this part of brooklyn was really where the story was, because in the days before there were planes and trains, and automobiles, we were of course dependent on boats and brooklyn became a center, even of trade, even before we had the -- before there were boats or anything like that. it was all ships. the waterfront was crawling with

bus bustling piers, warehouses and factories and, tenement neighborhoods characterize it by the eyish, german, italian or jewish residents yet brock lynn wasn't an industrial power house, something i had no idea of when i moved there. it hat a multitude of coffee, shoe and textile factories, sugar refine riz, dozens of breweries, and inknowtive and entrepreneurs of the 19th 19th century and 20th 20th century. brooklyn invented chiclets, the teddy bear, benjamin & moore. and 1849 a chemist named haas pfizer opened one they ever largest pharmaceutical companies in world. you probably know and revere

charles pfizer's company for invents such central products as zoloft and lip aer to and viagra. -- lipitor and viagra. pfizer employed million and neighbors grew to accommodate them but the gulf of history is fixle and brooklyn's fortunes sifted shifted in. the factories than i sneyd to many americans started to leave, not for china and mexico, as is the case today but for far less crowded and more truck-friendly american suburbs. in 1957, when dodge owner walter o'malley broke the hard of every brooklynite by taking the baseball team, dem bums that way referred to by locals to

los angeles inch retrospect seem to for telethe borrow's sorry fate. but the 1960s the waterfront was becoming a sad shell of its former self. in 196 of the navy yard which had world war ii was demissed. by the time i moved to park slope, about a mile away from the navy yard, it was home to a few operating warehouses but mostly acres of empty building, farrell dog -- ferrell doeses and the 0 occasional body dumbed by a legendary weiss wise guys. our next dollar neighbors were an elderly irish couple who had taken in boarder as so many did during the depression and in the decades following.

they were now being paid by the city of new york to house elderly. many of them sick and moaning and that was the musical accompaniment of my children's early years. hopefully they can't remember it. in fact, brooklyn was actually losing population. years late their writer hemle, who grew up in working class park slope, would say about this time, you heard i over and over in those days. we got to get out of brooklyn. and you know what? a lot of people did. so the question is had in my mind as i approached this book was, how did the old brooklyn become the new brooklyn? the place that gq magazine called, and i still can't get -- read this without laughing -- -- the coolest city on the planet.

how is it when i mad to park slope liquor stored hat bulletproof cages and now have picture windows and free test tasting of their expansive and expensive wine collections. how could be have got ton a point in history as we did in fall of 2015 where the fabled pa rich parissan bon marche celebrated brooklyn. how could the always chic parissans be so interested in buying products made in brooklyn or seeming as though can i be warn oregon eat been abrook line quiet or a parissans idea of a brooklynite. one final question. why should anyone care what happened to brooklyn? place isn't even a city. it's a borough, that 2 million of hundred thousand people in

stay of 8 million in a country of 330 million. what the big deal. but brooklyn is a microcosm for the vast economic and social changes in our politics and should be mentioned the politics of western europe. over the past 30 or o years advantagessed economies like that of the united states have been shifting away from manufacturing or to put it crudely, making stuff, towards college, information, or, again to be crude, thinking about stuff. new york city was already becoming the u.s. capital of that economy by the 1960s, as corporations centralized and moved their headquarters to downtown and mid-town. by the end of the '60s, at 59% of the new york city labor force was in white collar occupations.

this gave new york a competitive advantage over other fading industrial cities. most of their people who were white collar, they were predominantly men who were work downtown. took the 5:15 train to knew new rochelle like rob petrie, the fictional husband of laura petrie, played my mary tyler moore. we the fewer of the white color work erred started moving into brownstone brock lynn. they were gentrifying to use a word that only became popular men many decades later. brooklyn heights, park slope. you can trace those on your map. all lovely 19th century brownstone neighborhoods. that had gone into disrepair. over the next decades the number of white collar workers

increased as did the number and variety of white collar jobs in new york. government was expanding and so were colleges and universities, and a long with them jobs for lawyers parked mr. -- administer administrators and preferes. technology was opening up jobs, including occupations people never heard of about. the kill kill. plaguer i may been got the new brooklyn has many thousands of web key signer, app developers and social media consultants. the ohio house nerving do to me is a perfect illustration of the shift from the older to the new knowledge economy. it's really gentrification in a single brownstone. there was an elderly irish

couple living there the house, who like a immigrants who had been here long enough, had a civil service job, postal worker. while his wife was in charge of the boarder as meninged before. fast forward 15 years. the house was sold. rennovateed and subdivided into condominiums, the first people to move in were people what you would never have met in the old brooklyn. an architect and his wife, furniture designer, and a editor at real simple and her husband, also an editor as at a musk magazine. a wall street trader moved in soon after with his wife, a free lance writer, and their three children. same block, same house, old brooklyn, new brooklyn. now, one thing that is sometimes

forgotten when people talk about general fry -- gentrification is that the shift brought about very traumatic changes in domestic life. these changes also helped to reverse brooklyn's decline and in fact the decline of many other cities. first, the knowledge of jobs in media, design, law and education, were proving especially appealing to educated women, even after they became mothers. while a lot of young knowledge economy workers are drawn back to the suburbs once they start families and begin to take notice of the local public schools' performance, others are unwilling to tolerate the hour long community that worked for their own fathers who were often the singing bread-winning parent. they want to live where they work and we should add they want their kids to be safe where

they're living, and that the decline in crime occurred in new york and brooklyn in the '90s was really -- hastened the gentrification that already bun in ways that worked to brooklyn's ben and -- benefit ad all of new york city. the second domestic change that is worth noting is that the knowledge economy as the name suggests, demands higher levels of education from workers, as well as early career train in the form of enterships and associate prognoses. that was leading young men and women to delay marriage parenthood until they were well into their 20s and 30s these of it indicated singles who don't need much living space and don't care about their school districts' test scores graph

date ted center city with everything they did care about. interesting jobs, bars, clubs, art galleries, and a large population of suitable romantic partners. now, as i messenger mentioned earlier, brooklyn's story is far bigger than the borough itself. the same knowledge economy and educated young people are reshaping cities and ways of life in most advanced economies, from london to copenhagen, sids any to philadelphia, vancouver to washington, dc, college educated young singles and professionals are move repurposed old factories and warehouse and glassy highrises with a rooftop swimming pool and a gym. gentrification has launch evidence global esthetic. you can go to almost any western capital and find a gentrified neighborhood and it will have

the same kinds of wine stores, farm to table infusion restaurants, music clubs, and, again, art galleries. to be honest at times it's for travel a little interchangeable. so, it's easy enough to poke fun at some of the news class of urban folks, especially those hipsters, with their endless number of stocks, signifiers, bike lanes, pickles, filament light bulb fixtures, sloppy hat and i engage in that mockery myself. the character misses something important. these educate it newcomer are bringing innovation back to stagnating cities. in brooklyn we're seeing this creative dynamism that had largely disappeared from bury rowe -- bur rowe from.

-- borough in the -- pencil factory, are for instance, has been transformed into the headquarters of the crowd sourcing web site, kick starter in brooklyn's neighbor yard where carper at thes and built some of thus navies most fear fearsome battle ships, high-tech ventures. look the waterfront i mentioned earlier. along the east river, and the new york harbor from green point energy to sunset park in the southwest. this is brooklyn's so-so-called creative crescent where abandoned and underused warehouses are crammed with homes with offices for 3-do printer companies, biotech prolot yankee and digital design companies.

by the way, with fantastic views of man that began the harbor. many of these young business people are what i call artists entrepreneurs. there are artists who with he help of computers found a way to produce while making a decent living. there are boutique businesses designing, making and selling clothing, jewelry, shoes, soap, and stationery and maps like the one in front of you. there are also aa stunning number of new substances that are centered on food. i'm happy to say. restaurants, beer hads, tea shops, small batch or -- chocolates can grin nola, pickle, mustard, syrup and takeout dinner to serve as an educated, well traveled population with an adventurous pallet and little tomb -- little time to cook.

that the good news but the transformationor an old to newbreak line, from industrial to knowledge economy and gentrification itself have not been kind to working class and he poor. you would never it from the popular media coverage, almost a quarter of block livers below the poverty line, similar number on foot stamps and 32 have an income low unlv to qualify for medicaid. in the past, an industrial city like brooklyn do absorb the lower skilled images in a large network of manufacturing and port-related companies. ...

that do appear tend to require skills that are not in that repertoire of people most in need of work. low-wage service jobs with benefits and unpredictable hours, staff, and janitors,

that's the kind of job mostly available now. immigrants often take these jobs if not happily eagerly. some 39% is foreign-born, something you could forget if you are reading about the history of berlin. those from the previous centuries arrived very poor along the avenues from the east river you can find people from pakistan, haiti, trinidad, jamaica to name only a few. the largest immigrant groups in brookland in different neighborhoods that jamaicans in the southeast and the chinese in sunset park to the west. i try to address that question.

they are the largest immigrant group in the bureau that would stun the folks that wrote it. in sunset park chinese are looking forwarlooking for her td working in restaurants in the feudal conditions, and i don't exaggerate. i also don't exaggerate when i say the devotion of the entire community towards children education is so notable that it was the first word, harvard. second word those children look on track to leave their parents poverty behind a. in parts of brownsville, the poverty remains entrenched over generations. i devoted a chapter on of the

most troubled neighborhoods in new york city. it's history is fascinating as a jewish ghetto. it became an experiment about the failure in that experiment and the continuing distress of the neighborhood are well worth understanding in more detail. 35 years ago this transitional parks much of brooklyn is prospering. they take full advantage of the knowledge-based high-tech

economy. they reduce this to a tale of two cities and they are not part of the city. the major task for the policymakers to ensure many more can move up in the future. thank you very much. [applause] thank you so much, you mentioned

policing as a condition for the transformation. it certainly wasn't planned. however, there've been more planning going into as city officials and developers began to realize. one thing the city did in the '90s is to give money.

it took a while but by the late '90s they were false debate before and they were full again because of this grassroots thing happening in williamsburg.

this is true for all of new york city and in fact for cities across the country that are similarly crowded is that the zoning makes it possible to expand and create more opportunities for people. there are a lot of people that would like to come to new york. it's helping the prices as high as they are. i wonder when you talk about the zoning and the other stuff but it's holding back.

how much does that harp on the city holding them back because this location would have come back much sooner. >> john wrote an essay about this that i stumbled upon a year or two ago. what was the title? could have been a contender. he made the argument that the brookland should have never been a part of new york city. we nurture the views. i find it hard to be that it wouldn't be a problem if brookland were its own city it

would still be a problem. there are very few cities in the advanced economies where we are seeking a lot of justification how to deal with this problem if more people wanting to live in the cities with places to house them. there are now waiting times i think the waiting list in stockholm went up by 40%. and it's true in amsterdam and berlin and of course in san francisco which is one of the worst places i think they passed the law in about 1960 that would be given a permit for this affordable housing. the way that i try to approach

this problem isn't to simply say more building because that could relieve some of the problem but i think what we are learning is that people feel a certain attachment to a place. the need for a vibrant new city is a question that i think it's probably going to have to be dealt with case by case speed to

the book the race wars we think about the school board fight [inaudible] they made the transition in terms of the racial peace. what is going on in this? >> i don't know that brookland can be thought of in different terms than a lot of cities of the united states when it comes to the racial tensions. i would say that the kinds of things you're talking about i did mention in various chapters depending on which neighborhood i'm talking about.

one thing that's happened is although the plot speculation in book one has remained more or less the same percentage i think somewhere around 74% of the population, it's a different demographic. a lot of the population is now immigrant. some of the binary is being broken down, and another thing that has happened that i was very interested to discover, in a neighborhood like that sky which has become at least if you read the brookland press in the center of gentrification, what i found is there were some white

educated newcomers and which by the way, they have some of the most beautiful architecture i think in the city. however, what i also found his middle-class people coming back from college and wanted just like my kids do to be in the city. some of them are starting businesses. i spoke to one woman who had gone i think it was to the university of chicago. she said when she got there she couldn't find a decent coffee. so she wanted to re-create what she had.

there were other trends going on breaking some of the problems that we have in the past. >> i wondered if you could tell us about the decrease crime in brookland. the people that came in didn't t want to have to crime or a decrease because people that live in the projects don't want crying either. was there a cause and effect and how did it come pair the decreasing crime generally? >> the decrease was similar in

new york if the policing revolution that seems to have played a big role in that. it started before the crime decline. certainly when i moved over there, as i said, i wasn't alone that there was pretty significant crime. by the 1990s, we have mayor giuliani and we had a revolution in saigon to the crime sank over the 1990s and we researched i

it. >> i found was heavily persuasive on this because of the policing revolution. it also lowered and more people once the crime went down and in my neighborhood they have no clue what it used to be like a. >> we are going to go back over there. >> the invention in brownstone brooklyn talks about the early gentrify air in particular that a lot of people were leaving manhattan because they wanted us to live next door to people like the irish couple you described.

i wonder do you agree with that and also are there any remnants of that looking for authenticity and the current gentrification? >> that is a reliable book. there were people that wanted to move to an irish neighborhood because they thought it was authentic. in the wa that way that they ker backyard with their laundry out there but there were tensions from the very beginning.

but they were nothey were not py with this new group. some are professors and lawyers. those tensions are still there and i think a lot of what the gentrification drama is about has to do with the idea of changing what's authentic about brooklyn and turning it into something homogenous. remember if you read the book, the people that moved to brooklyn at first wanted us to be living in the same that they wanted to be able to walk places

in this is a very conscious revolt against suburban living in this new crowd. i knew it was for me. my husband and i had been living in westchester when we moved to brooklyn and i didn't want to be in the suburbs and many of the people i knew felt the same way. the suburbs were sterile, to work early and so on. so yes, i would say the authenticity issue is still very much prominence in the discussion but it hasn't gotten the kind of self examination that it needs because it is leading to a kind of foolishne foolishness. the real best is what it was

like when moved in if only two years ago. >> excellent talk. it was held by mayor bloomberg and they had the same mayors. one is white and the bronx benefit but also a the cities that are now helping the bronx. >> i have one or two thoughts about that. the gentrification that i mentioned, one started in the brownstone areas and people liked the look of those areas. there's not that much in the bronx. i don't know this for sure.

did it come down as fast, i think that the parts we had to do with the buildings infrastructure in brooklyn. they were like neighborhood in the way correct me if i'm wrong about this but my sense is that they are scattered all around the bronx. in brooklyn we have many projects and in fact one of the reasons the brownsville community remains in such distress is because the there are so many like the largest concentration of housing

projects in the country. it's not going to attract a lot of new people. this, i am guessing or speculating this part of what has held back the bronx but it's just not as appealing. do you think that the presence of the ethnic enclave is that a prerequisite? >> i don't thin the >> i don't think that it's a prerequisite for the gentrification, but it has been a prerequisite for immigrants to

eventually assimilate if it is done the right way. all of the immigrants that came to to the united states and provided social networks that were essential for finding jobs and figuring out what to make and all that stuff and in addition it was an educational institution for newcomers. the problem we have today, there

are some where that particular culture of this community isn't helping to create the next generation of successful students and citizens. so what i found is the jamaicans i write about are extremely hard-working and committed to owning a home. the families want their kids to the chie achieved but they havet figured out how to do it. there is an assumption that turns out to be false that the schools will do their job and it's going to put their kids in school and now the schools today, i don't need to tell anybody sitting here, they are

not going to do that for an awful lot of kids and the difference between now and earlier generation of immigran immigrants, education has become much more important than getting into the middle class. so you have low skilled immigrants, which we have always had but instead of being able to move up the ladder they have to go through the knowledge economy but that isn't happening in a bout of enclaves. [applause]