just moved to two and a half minutes before midnight in january. i think as long as these weapons exist across the world, we still have some 15,000 and 4,000 of them are deployed, e we have to be able to imagine what they do. and the survivors of these two bombings are the only people who can tell us that. even though the weapons are far more powerful now. and i'm going to, i'll leave the others in case you all say them, and if there are any others, i'll come back at the end. >> okay. caren? >> yeah, i also have a long list, but i will remind us that the average age of the survivors is about sachiko's age, 78 or 80. we're fast losing our spokespeople for this cataclysmic event. so that is one reason why i

wanted to write sachiko's story, particularly for young people, so that we can keep these stories in front of us because we are now so close to nuclear war again. we know we have north korea and other obvious issues and incidents that we feel the heat again. i would say sachiko's question, how are we going to keep our peace and for the children, how are we going to teach peace? we do a great job teaching war. we do a great job creating a culture of war. how are we going to create a culture of peace in our, in our country and in the world? >> where with -- i think those are great thoughts, and to avoid repeating them, which i would like to do, i'll just say something a little more cosmic which is something that sister

meghan said to me back in, i think, early 2013 when she -- this was before she was on trial. she was still free. she and her two compatriots, michael and greg, were at a college event talking about what they did to a small group of christian college students. .. and as soon as she said that, i said, oh. as a writer incident that's a

very writerly thing to say. she's right. and that's kind of when i decide that had the story that i would write about this would be about -- would take kind of the scientific principles that make nuclear weapons work, which is taking the tinniest building blocks of anything, atoms and create a disproportionately out of them. a single person or three people that styed to act out of proportion to who they are, i think that's something that everyone can and should remember that there are issues in modern life such as nuclear weapon that is seem insurmountable and opaque and i think this type of activism proves that individual actions however small can have greater effects.

you never know what you do in the service of something will have an impact on others and who knows at some point that might reach a critical mass where things change. now, we have a couple of minutes left. are there a couple of questions that any of you would like to raise and make sure you have the mic? >> two brief things. my father -- you talked about this too the exhibit, refusal to talk about our history, but my other question is for mr. zach, at the very beginning of your book i was very depressed when you talked about how the scientists said they worried about these weapons being under the control of people in the

military and then when they took it away from the military they worried being it under the control of politicians who maybe didn't know anything about the science and now we have a person in the white house who said -- who was asked if we have nuclear weapons, why can't we use them, so what can we do and as a journalist how can you bring this to the forefront of the attention? >> yeah, the only thing that i can do myself is to write a story like this which attempts to put in very human and understandable terms a topic that is abstract in many ways and very technical in other ways, that's all i can think to do. i mean, in terms of what people can do in general, you know, one of the good things i think about this presidential campaign is for the first time that i can remember in the continue text -- context debate americans were

talking about the nuclear weapon that is we have do have and not the ones that exist in iran. that was kind of a sea change. what is the foundational authority that we are investing in a president of the united states. at the core of all of that power is the power to end the world. the nuclear stockpile is the province of the u.s. president. he or she has the ultimate final authority when and if to use them and i think it was good that we all kind of reminded ourselves about that because of the nature of one of the candidates who was running. as far as what -- what a citizen could do, i mean, if i had a plan or if i knew exactly what could be done -- i don't know one can do other than become educated and to keep this topic in the forefront of one's mind because it's easy to ignore for

several reasons, one is -- and this is why it's so important that people like susan and karen are talking and telling their stories, there hasn't been mushroom clouds since 1962 and all testing underground and there hasn't been a combat use and we are forgetting real impact on what these things can do and so to become, to always keep that in the front of your mind that beyond the strategy jargon, debate in congress, budgetary stuff, there's so many ways that nuclear weapons can be buried under the opaque nature of talking about budgets and treaties. these two books here really remind you of what's at stake and so becoming educated and vocal about your elected

official that's the person who deals with budgets. it's all about money, you know, life is about money. nuclear weapons are no different and, you know, as bob was saying, we have seen what vocal constituents can do at this time to congress. i know there's a lot to think about for a variety of things, education and awareness is really kind of the only answer, i think. >> hello. this is not a question but just an expression of gratitude to you. my mother nagata and myself were born in japan. my mother is 93, she is a world war ii survivor. she was in kagoshima.

and -- but as japanese and, of course, we are american citizens now, this is a subject we don't talk about amongst ourselves so much. it is a very painful subject and i decided to bring her today and i really want -- remind her of the pain and so on, but i'm very happy that i came and wanted to thank you and i wanted to just share that she was 18 when the war started and 22 when it finished and she wrote -- he holds a ph.d from state university in oregon and it's really about what you were talking about, about peace and how do we find peace, i just want to read, is it okay if i read just a paragraph and i certainly wanted to honor her

and just to how even a most devastated in the soul a human being's resilience can come back and live a joyceful and peaceful life and in a way that's a testimony to how entire human nation with all the other groups of people who suffered in so many different ways we continue on and do find peace. so she said, i cannot forget my shock when i heard that my country, japan, had attacked pearl harbor. it was 1941 and i was 18 at the time. four years later, the united states dropped atomic drops in hiroshima and nagasaki, to me it was nations fighting with each other. i felt deep shame to be a part of the human race. lord has brought an imaginable devastation and atrocities around the world. in my young heart i rose a

question, how can we human beings be so violent toward each other and bring such horrific distraction upon ourselves. from now on, for the rest of my life, i must live and work for peace and at 22, she wanted to doctor a, but do to war she couldn't, she lived her life, she found beauty in life through painting and so she deviled into painting and worked with mentally challenged people in america, she married an american, by the way and came to america to live and so she has found her peace individually within and through that so many people come to her and enjoy the vibration of peace and get the encouragement and hope to move on. thank you so much. [applause] >> thank you.

>> we have time for one more question. we have time for one more question. >> the gentleman here has been raising his hand. >> i have a question for dan. as you got to know the three protesters, can you describe what effect they thought that act would have, would it create more awareness in the united states, would it trigger similar activism around the world because done in isolation, i mean, it happened on a building with a hammer and throwing some blood in isolation it's not going to get some done. what was the bigger expectation, plan, hope for within the united states and around the world given that the united states is not a nuclear nation in isolation as other people have

mentioned there's a world situation? >> yeah, i mean, their main goal was always awareness, to do something -- they would never characterize it like this. it's me as a journalist assessing and articulating why they did it. it's always to do something apart from stating for the record that they as individuals are not on board as citizens with this type of work. to do something that would get headlines essentially, that would wake people up from kind of a normal day-to-day life and awareness and take note, which is what happened to me. and i admit in the after ward, their plan, i'm part of their plan. they did something that was strange enough and outrageous enough to got me to stand up and say, what did these people do and take a step further and look into that. if you were to ask them what they were hoping for, they are hoping the u.s. to irrespective

of the rest of the world disarm, it's not realistic, but there's a reason why i called the original story for the post that this book is based on the prophets of oakridge. these types of activists to me, you can call them crazy and misguided, true, you can also say that there's an element to them because there are doing some things that profits have always done which is speak the language and rationale of a world that doesn't exist yet, right, which to all of us sounds crazy. so if you were to ask them, that's what they would say, a war without nuclear weapons. u.s. should get rid of them starting tomorrow and devote all the money and treasure to life sustaining and life-giving enterprises. but my interpretation has always been awareness. that's the reason that makes sense to me.

this action apart from being a moral one in their mind is also an attention-grabbing one and it may not change the world overnight but as i said before, it got me to write a book and i'm talking to all of you about the book and some of you might read it. i don't know. so i think that they would be satisfied even with that, but they were acting very much as individuals too, as individuals speaking, we cannot -- cannot not do this. >> we want to leave some time so that you can meet the authors and have them sign your copies of the book. as i read the three books, one of the things that struck me most profoundly was that these people that they're describing, the stories are telling are people with names and every human being has a name. they have parents, they have

simblings and friends and when we begin to see each other as a named person, then our revulsion of the thought of imposing on anyone the dye instruction that was brought on that day backs more profound. i want to thank you our three authors with outstanding books and for their presentation today. [applause] >> i want to thank you for coming today and there will be books for sale and you can get them signed by the authors. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> thank you for coming. [inaudible conversations]

>> yeah. >> officers locked -- >> yeah. [inaudible conversations] >> i have always felt as i watched it, i saw some of the documents. but there was key interaction and motivation what was on there and the way the men in the military responded. [inaudible conversations] >> and i read his book. >> oh, yeah. >> the modernization plans. $1trillion. >> more in the united states and soviet union there was much an awareness with a peace act. >> yeah. >> which kind of -- [inaudible conversations]

>> yeah, right. the big march of '82, a million people on the streets. >> anyway, thank you. >> thank you for coming. >> i read your book and i really like it. i wrote a poem. >> did you? >> that i read. [inaudible conversations] >> i gave you credit when i got up to read the poem that it was great inspiration about your work. >> poem about the action or nuclear weapons? >> nuclear -- nuclear and nonproliferation was the poem, i i think, and the idea to get poems and writers to get the work out there. >> sure. >> to be prolific in their work. >> i like that. that's a great notion. thank you very much. >> thank you for your work. >> thank you.

>> hi, there. sure. >> i'm a history teacher and i'm trying to contextualize this for teenagers. [inaudible conversations] [laughter] >> thank you so much. >> thank you for being here. >> and you've been watching a live author discussion on nuclear war. now c-span and book tv have attended the virginia festival of the book since its beginning covering panels on history, pub lib policy, publishing, economics and more throughout the years. you can watch all of those programs on our website at booktv.org. now, in about hon hour we will be back for more live coverage, that will be an author discussion on civil protest.

[inaudible conversations] >> hold your hand on the family bible and repeat after me, i -- >> lawrence douglas. >> do solemnly swear that i will support the constitution of the united states and the constitution of the common wealth of virginia and that i will faithfully and impartially discharge all of the duties incumbent upon me as governor of virginia according to the best of my ability so help you you god. congratulations. [cheers and applause] >> thank you. >> great moment. >> how did you know you we

wanted to get into politics. >> i didn't want to get into politics because i didn't wanting to around smiling and begging for votes and asking for money and i thought, politics is what i would call unrepresentative of people but i ran my mouth all of the time from day one, as a kid and i get so much and people said why don't you run, they didn't really mean to run, they mean run away from them and quit running your mouth and i just felt that people particularly those that i had come to know that were a part of my being, they didn't have representation to the extent that they needed and lincoln's words for for the people, by the people and why

weren't we there and so to that extent i ran to be a part of what i would go call party, the decision-making process in this country -- >> where did you grow up and what was virginia like during that time? >> i grew up in the east end of richmond right across famous church that i went to, the first african baptist church. all of my schools -- my elementary school was not up -- had no -- it had outdoor toilets, in the city of richmond, no cafeteria, no auditorium and the principal was white, all the teachers were of color.

but the finest and best teachers of the world because they looked upon us as their children and they had responsibilities as well but the true -- truancy was something that you didn't know about. i was 10 blocks of st. john's church, henry made his fame speech give me liberty or give me death. no one can take it from you, she said as it applies to me, she said, absolute absolutely. when you tell a kid that, in this case i believe so much as my mother would say that i really believed that -- that there was something that was wrong and that i still nevertheless could overcome that but her thing was, you've got to

be the best at what you can be and i tried. >> what was going on in richmond during that time? >> everything, segregated. so it wasn't full and my mother would always tug me to back of the street and i would say, why don't we sit here? she never would explain to me that color, et cetera, et cetera. and then she did tell me what it meant and she said, that'll change, that'll change but you just do what you have to do. >> what was that first experience like stepping into politics? >> well, i was never encouraged by the leadership in the -- in the black community, not the leadership but the people and i

found it very interesting because i was running in the city at large, they never had a member of the senate since the short period of reconstruction and i was the first person to be elected to the state senate since that short period and it wasn't lonely because i'm not stand-off person and i was able to form friendships in the senate pretty quickly and to -- i didn't understand politics. i didn't know that much about it. as a matter of fact, i knew nothing and i found out how little i knew when i got there and i said, wow, but i was very lucky to be able to have formed some of the friendships. i had a friend of mine from virginia, he was a senator, the

slave revolt took place, he said, i'm going to vote for it. he's my best friend. don't you vote for that because this isn't doing what some people might think and the difference is they're looking at at it all mean. take that one word out. just take you shall to such and such thing or this organization may do such and such a thing. the state shall, it changes everything. so i was able to learn some of that. when i first got there, the -- we didn't have offices so people would gather on the floor and talk beforehand and they would say we would go to lunch. i would see some of the guys, two or three of them standing

and i would push myself into the crowd and i would start nodding like i knew what they were talking and i didn't know what the hell they were talking about. it's time to go in session, i guess we should get together, half hour after session, fine with me. i had pushed myself into it and some called it sharp elbows but i learned that people could disagree with you on occasions but they were united with your cause because i had people who would say, how can i go to lunch with you, you just got through voting up against my bill, you said, yes, i hadn't vote against your bill i wouldn't be next election cycle to vote for anything because my people would not have allowed it, they don't know. i had people in virginia was first state to have a legislative holiday for martin luther king.

took me eight years to get it. i got it passed in the senate, the house would kill it. i would get it passed in the senate and the governor would veto it and it passed in the house and the senate and that process went on. see, when you are changing the constitution you have to wait until a brand-new election of the full body comes in. ththat's why it took eight year. many of the people who voted against the measure came to be patrons of the bill and helped me to get it passed and so it's that single experience showed me that as hard it is to understand virginia of all places being the first state to have a legislative holiday for martin luther king, if that can happen, all of the things could too. >> can we talk about when chuck

came to you to try and rally the -- >> rob. >> rob, sorry. the minority vote. what was your reaction when he came to you asking that? >> well, i helped him to get to be elected lieutenant governor and that was done relative to showing that he could bring a change. he did say prior to running for lieutenant governor that if doug wallace is going to run, i won't go. i told him i'm not going to run and i ultimately repeated in 1977 by describing the office of a lowt governor is -- lieutenant governor and far more influential in the senate. didn't you say that before,

yeah, because this is now. i spoke to one of his persons, minority adviser author murphy. i said, arthur, i tell you what i'm doing, i'm forming now in 1972, i think, i started the black democratic caucus, not the legislative caucus and i didn't want necessary elected officials and i wanted people in the communities, legislative leaders, community leaders or church leaders, fraternity leaders. i wanted people who could not only reach people but they had the respective and they said and i was able to finally get that

done and refer to it in the book and to have 500 people to attend, you know how hard it is to get to roanoke, virginia, i didn't want the cameras to show a few people came. so after that, after we formed we started developing strength, i said to him, i told it to murphy as well, these are the things that i want you to commit to. one, that you will sign the bill, that you will believe in the opportunities for registration, i called it postcard registration at the time that you will end the sending of moneys to the schools that segregate and the private schools with vouchers, et

cetera. the night of the election when the returns were coming in, it was showing that he was losing by 75,000 votes and people came to me and were giving me a fit, if it hadn't been for that damn letter that you had sent out that said this is what we were doing, we wouldn't be the election, i understand that. later in the afternoon the votes started coming in. when he won by 100,000 votes and the numbers and turnouts were attributed to the african american communities, that's one of the times in modern times that that vote was shown in virginia unfortunately some of that is disappearing across america today.

people continue to take that vote for granted. >> when you hear people say that that vote is being taken for granted, when you hear young people, minority people say that they don't vote and they don't get involved, what is your reaction to that? >> i understand it. i clearly understand it. when you're talking about we have to thing to the base, what base? what have you done for the base? tell me what you see today that the people who still live, the problems with education, everybody, they're going to do something for education, then how did it get to how it is, it means that you didn't. if you're in charge, one of the things that i employ is that if

you're going to be involved in the political process, then i want to be a part of the politics, the decision-making. what i speak of is what guides me being a part of how money is spent. i believe in spending for necessityies. there's time for that to come, but right now we are interested in what we really need. what happened president trump in his plan for infrastructure development, he had a great plan for that, one of the speeches i had ever heard was when i was mayor of the city of richmond in 2008 and he said, our cities are

not the drawbacks to metropolitan rules, they are the engines and we need to make certain that we keep that. well, they didn't want to get into supplemental in the plan that he put forward, stimulus program. it would have been if he could the back on it, okay, the first thing in this program should include some of these things which means you bail the banks out and insurance companies but what are their obligation to plow back, trump is going to take much of what obama put in place and remove it and it's going to get the money and a lot of the credit for it because somebody as he says, look at the cities, look at education, look at the numbers of people who are not even in school. so we are in need today more of

people in our communities than elected officials because they form their own groups. but don't get away from the people, i felt people, i take a poll every day as i go to the streets. people know me well enough to be able to feel that they can talk and come up to me and say, look, i want to ask you something, fine, let's talk. and i keep an ear to the ground. people are always -- politicians hear what they want to hear. people hear what they have to hear. a lot of people don't know but virginia has the smallest voting population of minority plaque voting population of any of the southern states. it's only about 15%. you were surprise today hear

that. most people don't know that which means i had to go up into the community, to the other 85% of the people and first place i started my campaign was in southwest virginia, coal mining country. went into the mines, talked to the people, stayed in their homes. i never would stay in hotels. i only stayed in the homes of the people that i met or that i had known from our legislative experience, i never campaigned, didn't campaign on the interstates, i campaigned on the country stores in the barbershops and i would learn, i was learning that one of my friends, wherever you go you have to shake every hand. if you misone store -- i also

learned going to the local newspapers and the local radio establishment people read their local newspaper, they listen today their local radios and i went to every one and they welcomed you and i also like to emphasize that i stayed 60 days straight campaigning across every independent city in town in virginia, some near 300 and i never had a single person to refuse to shake my hand, never or to deny me access for being able to run. and i was pleased with the

reception and how you can't take people for granted, i went into one store, the man was sitting there and i shook everybody's hand and it gone through and ready to leave somebody with me saying, you didn't shake that man's hand. we called them a left hand and i would take that and give it to the president and shake with right hand. i would always look back to see if they thrown it into the trash yet and i did that and as i was leaving somebody said you didn't shake that man's hand. you're right. a man was sitting on the barrel, top of the barrel with a straw hat on, beard and overalls, red bandana on his neck and tobacco greases in his wallet.

i wanted to know if you read this. i thought you were going to pass me by. no, no, i have something that i want to ask you. that's why i'm here. i want to talk about this abortion. oh, my god i could have gone away from this talk. i have to stay here to hear this and i started my spiel, the government has no right -- it ain't no man's business no way, is it? >> no. wow. now, who would have believed that man sitting on that barrel looking as i described that would have that view. it was what i was raised to

believe. then we are the same people, we just need to see more of it. there are more things that connect us and unit us than divide us. we should emphasize that. >> where do you think this disconnect comes from? >> politics to be professional. i've still got it simply of the lincoln for the people, by the people. i think it comes from overvaluing the estimation of those who serve as pundits and look how they totally missed the last election, totally and still haven't recovered from it no terms of saying, we were wrong, look, we didn't get this right.

what is it that you didn't get right? anybody that takes a poll every day to find out what's going on, that's not the name of what america is. where we are today in america is a reset for a period. bernie sanders was hitting on the left with donald trump on the right. i saw people on the republican side not being united at all. no one would have believed. i thought bush would have been the nominee. i voted for hillary clinton but i also knew that in so doing she needed a relativity, that's why i supported tim kaine because i thought he could provide that and he wasn't utilized in the way that i thought he would have been utilized so where we are

today we are in as theodore would say in some-his books of making of the property and the last one i read he wrote was america in such of itself. every 30 years or so there's perform that takes place in america, we are still in search of ourselves, can we get to where we need to be? yes, we can't do it by finger-pointing, as lynden johnson said, come, let us reason together. >> diversifying the people that are out there for people -- maybe seeing more of themselves, more minority representation and maybe even more minority involvement in politics. >> all right, as i said to someone yesterday, we have more

minority representation in america today than ever in the history of the country. i think better or worse? and i leave that answer to you but i will further respond to you by saying, that's not the answer. question isn't who you -- who the representatives are, government is the people, joyce, i keep going back to lincoln. it's simple. if we have those who understand that their responsibility is to represent us not themselves and that in so doing, if they don't, we say, thank you, we don't need you anymore. we will get those who can and if what you're doing isn't proposing to be representative

of us, we want that change by the next group of people we put. no, i don't think the answer comes as the necessary racial quarter basis of increasing that number. the question is in america the representation of people has drawn to being more self-serving than serving the people. look at lyndon johnson who was like wise the president of all people, what he fought for thurgoog marshal and used his professional persuasion to get to mississippi and georgia decided -- richard russell to come on out. look, i'm going to do this now. now you tell me what you need, now having said that, i think

obama really did try. i was one of the first persons to publicly come up that had politically ties to endorse obama. hillary had everybody. she had most of the black caucus, very few people endorsing obama. i did because of everything you mentioned, the hope, the possibilities, now, having said that, one of the things that hear so much of thurgood marshal was more than just a supreme court bench. i knew him personally because he had appointed me to be virginia representative ncaa education fund, i succeeded robertson and that is what is here in the book as well.

thurgood spent time educating the other members of the birchl saying, look, this is what we are talking about, this is more than just black and white in terms of a law, this is what this effect is and this is the lack of it. his contributions really haven't been measured in that regard but the effect of it has been. he's made it clear to you that i'm not here to represent those people, i represent everybody. look at the decisions that have come down 8 to 1 with thomas being against. a man almost beaten to death and the court decided that his civil rights has been violated, thomas voted no. why do i give you that backdrop because people are saying, who represents that group of people on the supreme court today, who would you describe as being a

representative of the black voice on the supreme court. you couldn't way thomas, right, no. what if the president had three chances to at least name a black person, whether that person got nominated or not, got confirmed or not at least show your belief, that didn't happen. very few -- most presidents don't get a chance to name one. look at some of the things he did. closing guantanamo, of course. wars that we shouldn't have been in, of course, but it's difficult, but the time spent in doing that takes away from the positives that he could have and unfortunately those who were in many instances advising him spent more time saying that would be the safer course to take. take the rule less traveled

sometimes. whether it's safe or not, make a highway where there was only a path and i think obama has been a good president, it's too early to talk about the legacy, but people who -- who thought at the time thought the time had come unfortunately there would be those who would say to them, you had your chance. this is a new day. that's unfortunate. i don't think events should be events should be part of process because it goes back to lincoln, for the people, by the people. >> do you think that speaks to a lack of understanding of race relations in this country that maybe these issues were going to ignore and set aside? >> yeah, do i. this gets passed that.

no one else gets passed the deprivations of the past. they address them, have we or do we? and unfortunately it's not a matter of an apology, but america has never been the great nation. how can we go back to where we were? we all still in search of ourselves that education process has to take place whether it's rooted in the community. the unfortunate thing to america today, we lost the communities. can we reblame, yes, how -- reclaim that, yes. it's not just by listening, i am your leader, i am your representative. he was inside drinking wine and looking out of his mansion,

where are those people going, after all i am their leader. there's no such thing as that. today we need to drill down, drill down and as johnson said again, ca come, let us reason together. there has to be a recognition of there's more that units us than divides, let's get past that. [inaudible conversations] >> and you're looking at a live picture of the charlottesville city council chamber, one of the venues of virginia festival of the book. we have a new more minutes until the next panel begins which is

discussion on civil protest and as you can see festival attend's are getting settled in their seats, we will be right back with more live coverage. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> a look at the most

anticipated books published in the spring. coming out in march john shares journal entries and her time reporting on the patty hurst trial in 1976 in south and west. new york times former correspondent shorts on china's global ambitions in everything under the heavens and steven hatch recall his work in liberia during the west african ebola outbreak in inferno. our look at publisher's weekly most anticipated books of the spring continues with locking up our own, former public defender on the role african american leaders have placed placed in the mass incarceration. science reporter gina describes how it affected a north carolina

family and michael wallace provides history of america's west ward expansion through the ill-fated journey of the donor party. being published in may, former secretary of state weighs in on the challenges in inherent to a democracy in democracy, the long road to freedom. that's a look at some of the books that publishers weekly is most anticipating being published this string. look -- spring. look for the titles in the upcoming months and watch for the authors on book tv. >> but the other contribution that, i think, the -- that i hope the book has is a discussion of the domestic cadaver trade and this is a trafficking of dead bodies. i traced medical school records, anatomy professors that were involved in the traffic and wrote letters back and forth looking for dead bodies or

exhuming them from graves. one of the pivotal quotes that i have from one medical doctor to another, tell me how much it costs for a death stiff. do tell me what the cost is of a dead fine stiff, one that will cut up fat and doesn't smell strong to be nosed a mile off. i traced this traffic and there's trade in the bodies and i look at the ways in which even after death inflate people were modified. so just two final closing short like one-sentence quotes that kind of help me push through this book and that is a quote from elizabeth who some of you may know was the inflate seamstress to jefferson. at the grave, we shall be

permitted to lay our burdens down that a new world, a world of brightness may open to us, the light that is denied us here should grow into a flood beyond the dark mysterious shadows of death. i thought that was a powerful way at the way people looked at afterlife and finally, i shared this was when i was a few weeks ago, a slave named mingo wrote a poem on the jail cell wall to his wife after they had been separated and he says to her, dear wife, they cannot sell the rose of love but in my bussom guys, as your tears may start they cannot sell by immortal part. thank you. [applause] >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. >> here is a look at some authors recently featured on

book tv afterwards, our weekly author program. counsel on foreign relations richard explore the challenges facing u.s. policy and author and journalist sofia nelson reflected on the founding fathers' calls for unifying america. rhode island senator will offer his thoughts on how legislative decisions are influenced by private businesses and special interest groups. former chief of the new york police department's internal affairs bureau charles will describe his work investigating corruption in the police force. washington times columnist bill will provide his thoughts on how the united states can outpace global competitors during the information age and this weekend lisa will report on bank and credit something and how it affects the general public. >> there's been such a change and i think banks frankly, they

make money off of those who have more money. the guy who hired me in the south bronx said by way of illustration, look, lisa, banks want one customer with a million dollar and check cashers want a million customers with one dollar. that speaks to the basic million model and no one can argue with that. banks like every other profit-seeking corporation want to maximize their profit. the question is whether they're being ethical in the process or not and whether banks because they have a critical role in the economy that's a little bit different from manufacturers should be held to different set of rules. do i think that it is creating an opportunity for the alternatives and also for other businesses that are springing up now that are looking to kind of solve the problem in another way. >> after words airs on book tv every saturday at 10:00 p.m. and