senate campaign. and michael he reports on lesser-known figures who influence the u.s. constitution. "written out of history" franklin and lee will appear on the afterwards program in the coming weeks. also being published, former oklahoma senator offers his thoughts on reducing federal government spending it, smashing the d.c. monopoly. harvard university professor explores the relationship between china and the united states through, and destined for war. historian sean takes a closer look at the end of the romanoff's rule over russia and the russian revolution. look for these titles in bookstores this coming week. watch for authors in the near future of book tv, on c-span to. [inaudible]

>> ladies and gentlemen. please welcome condoleezza rice. [applause] [applause] [applause] >> good evening everyone. my name is john, i have the honor of being the executive director of the ronald reagan presidential foundation. i want to thank you for coming out this evening. in honor of our men and women in uniform protecting our freedoms around the world would you please stand and join me for the pledge of allegiance.

>> i pledge allegiance to the flag, of the united states of america and to the republic, for which it stands. one nation, under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. please be seated. before we get started i want to recognize a couple of people in the audience. i know with the first couple you will recognize them they have been such terrific supporters of the library. therapy the congressman his great wife. [applause] as well we have another couple that is here with us. much of the greatness that you see here at the reagan library and also what has been made

possible throughout their generosity, that would be harry and his wife roslyn. [applause] i don't know if a book is ever been written that you included within instructions, or a manual on how to best introduce the author. i wish there was. come to think of it, it is not a bad idea. if we introduce her cilic you but a bike free child on christmas eve, all the pieces of the introduction was led into place. and when we're finished there would not be a single extra and alter bolt on the floor for the bike.

now, we have not been such a manual to conduct -- will pardon on of the operators manual would be very simple and quick. consider yourself extremely fortunate it would say. doctor rice is one of the most respected and admired women in the world with a public service record second to none. the fact that she is sitting with you, prepared to discuss her newest book is like winning the lottery. on to part two, the manual might also say someone with a statue for doctor rice degrees in a formal speech in a favor of an opportunity to be interviewed on stage, take it.

and then be seated. those gathered before you would like to hear from doctor rice, not all about doctor rice. i don't think i need an instruction manual to figure that up either. i've been honored, as have some of you to greet doctor rice here before. once when she was here with her memoir about her life and family entitled "extraordinary, ordinary people" and once more when she had just penned a memoir about her years as the first woman to serve as national security advisor to the president and the first african-american woman to serve as secretary of state. her newest work is a book i think any decent instruction manual could accompanying it would clearly state that doctor rice had to write. the subject matter goes far beyond her personal billboards

to the robe of how she thinks democracy can play and must play in the fundamental role of the lives of people over the world. when i say it's a book she had to write what amanda says, i think that she detected some years ago, that freedom around the globe and democracy should be understood in the context of a very complicated order. whatever it may be. from the time the united states and several of its allies set in motion to defeat saddam hussein in iraq to the present day where american soldiers are fighting for the rights of people around the world, the fundamental question that seems to underlie her actions as this. it is in the interest of the united states to promote democratic institutions wherever they me.

from the many other related questions that doctor rice's had to answer over the years such as can democracy prevail where it has not been befor before. is it right for every culture, how might we gain progress, how should it be before takes hold. it is evident that these questions and others like to have been the center of doctor rice's world. her book goes a long way in answering them. before you read her most recent book, i know that you first enjoyed hearing about it from the author herself. with that ladies and gentlemen. please remedy the conversation on stage at the reagan library with doctor condoleezza rice. [applause] [applause]

[applause] >> well, madame secretary, on behalf of the reagan foundation and all the fans that you're here we want to welcome you and know that you are at the tail end of the long trip on the road to discuss your book. we thank you enough for coming to the reagan library. >> thank you very much. thank you for your leadership your. i want to thank all of you for joining us for this conversation. i want to say that there is no place i would rather be than the reagan library to talk about freedom. [applause] >> i like to test out my theory as to why he wrote this book. has this been on your mind for a long time and you thought okay,

someone has to get out there and describe how democracy can flourish around the world no matter how difficult it might be? >> yes, it has been on my mind a long time. it might even go back before that. when i think about democracy, it's mysterious thing. that people are willing to trust these abstractions, constitutions and rule of law. they're willing to go to the polls and elect people to represent them rather than going into the streets rather than finding to father, clan, religion. they trust the rule of law. that is a very mysterious process. as a kid and child growing up in alabama was perhaps one who early on felt something more mysterious. i saw in birmingham where you

cannot go to a movie theater, restaurant if you are black person, your most certainly a second-class citizen, i saw black citizens feel devoted to the institutions of american democracy. have one incident in the book that encapsulates it for me. i was around six years old. my uncle pick me up from school and it was election day. there were long lines of black people waiting to vote. i said to my uncle, well, this must mean that man wallace, george wallace can't win. i wouldn't when my six-year-old ways that we do not want him to win. so, michael said oh no, we are minority, so he is going to win and i looked at michael and said, then why do they bother? and they said wide and he said

because they know one day they know the vote will matter. i saw long lines of liberians are iraq is in south africans people voting sometimes for the first time. they know that one day that but will matter. we are blessed with this extraordinary gift, democracy. americans in particular were blessed with founding fathers who understood an institutional design that would protect our liberties, our right to say what we think of worship as we please, to be free from the secret place at night, to have the dignity that comes with those having to governor you to ask for your consent. but if we were blessed with that and we believed we were endowed by our creator with those rights, it cannot be true for us and not them.

one of the marvelous legacies of the united states of america and the building in which we sit, the most marvelous legacies of ronald reagan was that he never forgot our obligation to speak for the voiceless. he never forgot our obligation to do the right thing with supporting those that one of the simple freedoms we have and he delivered. he believed the united states of america, america is an idea and it's an idea that is universal. so that is why i wanted to write this book. [applause] >> when you are secretary of state you are in a position to

have the world's opinion of the united states and its actions better than any other american. i know you're not in office now, yet it's only been about a hundred days since the trump administration has been in power, wonder if you're able to speak to if there's been any change in your mind as to how americans are viewed as we transition from president obama to president trumps. >> i was in europe not long after the election. the first thing i said was to settle down, the united states of america is engaging in a bit of a democratic experiment. [laughter] we have just elected somebody who has never been a government before who has never even

sniffed the government before and that president is going to take some time. the one thing you can trust us that america has institutions that are firm in concrete and will hold america and check. if you look at the president, i think he's getting used to the fact that actually it's not as easy as it looks in there. that the american presidency is not just one person, it's a constrained institution. the founding fathers were very terrified of executive power. if they were leaving a king they didn't want to create another. and so they created a congress, two houses as a separate and equal branch of government. the constant congress will constantly remind you. today they are made up of 535 people, most thinks they should be president of the united

states. he has quartz which he learned will challenge the president. he has governors, 50 of them, half think they should be president of the united states of and have legislatures. by the way, he has the press as well, civil society and americans who are ungovernable. and so the job of getting to be president is one thing. once you're there, it's quite another. the learning curve has been state. we have seen some things that the world likes what they see. i think the decision to strike the syrian hebert airbases after the, weapons attack by sat on his own people was a very important corrected. we laid out a redline a few years ago it had been crossed, we had done nothing. that eroded our credibility. in that single strike, the

administration said this far, and no further. there are some things that are intolerable. i saw something else in the way the president did that. he said i cannot sit by and watch babies choking on chemical gas. what he was saying was as president of the united states, i cannot sit by and watch babies choking on gas. the still out a lot of water to pass under the bridge. we are still learning in many ways what it is like to get up and not just react every time but good things have happened. as an american we have only one president at a time. we have to do what we can to try to make our president successful.

[applause] >> you make a point in your book and i have heard you and speeches make a similar point and that is when you talk about democracy it is extremely important for the united states to go beyond talking the talk. you have to walk the walk and we need to set the example for the world before going to come up with the democracy. i'm wondering if there's an instance or to not just during the trump administration for going back last decade or two or you would think america really messed up we set the wrong example and we could have done

better know better. >> we do it all of the time. democracies are not perfect. america is not perfect. one of the saddest and hardest moments for me was abu ghraib in iraq. because it was a stain on one of our greatest institutions. the fact that we have men and women who volunteered to defend us on the front lines of freedom is the next street extraordinary gift. if you people acting badly cast a cloud on the commitment of men and women who do the right thing. i felt terrible at that moment. but, i also say to people whatever something like that happens when we have a riot in our streets about a contested plea shooting or katrina where we do not respond as well as we might. i say to people abroad, that is

why america is a good example. because as madison said said i didn't think the constitution would be the perfect work of perfect man. it was because men are imperfect that we need it. so imperfection is a part of the human condition. the fact the united states has been struggling with our imperfections ever since our birth defect of slavery, we were born with an imperfection, constitution that counted my ancestors as three fifths of a man. but somehow i would take that oath of office to that same constitution is a 66 congress of state and i would be sworn in by a jewish woman, supreme court justice and you say to people, we just keep striving. we get up everyday and try to do

better. that is what democracy is about. always a work in progress. [applause] >> may turn to russia and a few other countries. we seem to have some real predicaments on her hands it to me they do feel like over accelerated in the last 100 days from the deterring relations from russia and the tennesse tes with iran and terrorist actions in north korea access to north korea missiles. is there one of those examples where you would say this would rise it above the rest. if we can fix this will have a huge problem. >> me say that president trump has outstanding national security team. rex tillerson is a fine

secretary of state. some of us who wanted to see him become secretary of state that he needed a different time. oilmen know the world like nobody else. they have to live until with investments and difficul diffics and people working in troubling circumstances. jim mattis is one of the best commanders of his generation. hr mcmaster is the same. but, any national security team would struggle with the north korea problem. it's the single most dangerous problem we have. i was the secretary of state who try to negotiate with north koreans to get them to give up their nuclear weapons. that was the father of kim jong-un. he lived in a parallel universe.

i think junior is unhinged. i think he is living when he says things like i can destroy the united states, i think i hope he doesn't really believe that. he is also reckless. anybody who will reach into malaysia to kill his half-brother with gas and all by all reports his half-brother was under chinese protection. he's reckless, probably unhinged and i have made a lot of progress in last several years of the nuclear programs. a nuclear weapon you have to have three elements, fuel, and they been harvesting plutonium and uranium for some time. then you have to have a bomb design. when people tell you it's easy to make an nuclear weapon, it's not. the bomb design has to hold the material in critical mass until

the moment where you want to hit a ten exploded. when you read in the newspapers that the north korea tests that they are not getting very good yield, that means it is exploding prematurely. but, they are getting better at it and working at it. pretty soon they will get to the point where they can exploit it when they want to. then they can affix it to the third element which is a delivery vehicle. what is wearing people is that their delivery vehicles are getting longer and range. i don't know whether president trump is be told it is one year or three years, or five years and my guess is it is something place between three and five years. he can marry that weapon to an intercontinental ballistic missile that can reach the united states. now, no president of the united states is going to let a reckless, on hitch north korean leader be able to reach the united states with a nuclear weapon. what you do about a? the only country that has

influence with the north koreans is probably china. but the chinese have always been more fearful of the collapse of the regime than of a nuclear machine. so, they have refused to tighten the screws on the north koreans. they could do a lot. they could close the border, they could deny them fuel oil, the chinese could hurt the regime. the chinese have to be convinced that they now have to do whatever it takes to stop this regime. when you hear the administration say, if you want to with the north koreans, we will, that is the message they're sending. the, we will, is kind of ugly. because, if you want to look at military options, you are looking at soul which is a very vulnerable and close to the border to the demilitarized zone. the north koreans could do a lot of damage, a lot of civilian casualties very quickly there.

so the options are not good. it's complicated by the new president and south korea who is a man of the left who has said that we are to be negotiated with north koreans. trust me, i tried that, they walked away. we are going to have to find a way to protect south korea and japan. no president can let the north koreans be able to reach the united states with a nuclear weapon. one good thing here, the russians we have troubles on with other things, it's if a long range missile can reach alaska it can meet russian territory. so this might be an area where we can get cooperation with the russians. [applause] >> is speaking of the russians i have seen that -- hill point to

the solution of the soviet statement. he's off to crimea, georgia, what you think is all about? what is he want? >> i have an insight into this. i know vladimir putin well. i spent a lot of time with him. he actually kind of liked met one point. because i was a russian us. he thought they would get more attention. now that you're there we'll get to do a few things. one day we're sitting there and he says, you know us, russia has only been great when it has been ruled by great men, like peter the great and alexander the second. now, every bone in your body wants to say do you mean vladimir the great? but you are secretary of state,

that would be rude, you can't say that. but that is actually who he thinks he is. he thinks he's reunited that russian people in greatness. he is avenging the humiliation of the end of the cold war and the collapse of the soviet union. so what if it means you take somebody's territory like crimea. so what if you make eastern ukraine on governable because the russians are back in ukrainian separatist who is killing ukrainian soldiers every day. so be it if you five bomber runs across the coast of sweden. what have they done to russians? the last 300 years, nothing. he threatens. he does something really dangerous. russian pilots fly close to american ships and planes. so he is going to push it until he is stopped. now, president obama did a good thing and deploying rotating forces in the baltic states of poland.

does a signal that article five of the trinity that says attack on juan's attack on all. i would've made them permanent but rotating will do. we need to also say to putin, stop fine within 10 feet of our planes because one of your guys is going to get shut down really soon. so stop doing it. they're doing some very dangerous things and we need to send strong signals about that. i would arm the ukrainians. people deserve the right to defend themselves. to be fair, the craniums are not great militarily. you want to be careful what you give them, something they cannot hurt themselves with. "what you give them. but i do think you should arm the ukrainians. the final thing, rebuilding the american military budget is important signal.

all of the years of sequestration have been tough. [applause] >> is there one nation that you think is most particularly at risk important strategy? >> i think he will try to dismember ukraine. that is basically what he's tried to do. they tried to assassinate the president of montenegro. thousand other attempts. putin is happy with frozen conflicts. he doesn't have to have all of the territory. he can just make ukraine ungovernable. he can sit and make georgia ungovernable as a whole. even in syria, as long as assad is in power in part of syria so what if a third of syria is on

governable. crimea was a little different. one thing we need to understand about crimea, i have a lot of liberal russian friends from whom the crimea -- was the right thing to do. crimea was russian from catherine the great. in 1954, nikita gave crimea to ukraine as a symbol of syrian ukrainian friendship but it was all the soviet union. so when it became independent they should have given it back. that's not the way it works. it is a violation of international law. we can never recognize that the russian annexation of crimea. we need to be aware that among russian citizen not popular thing to have done. so it actually added to putin's

popularity. but he can be stopped. you just have to be pretty firm. . . . . . . legislature. he got frustrating with it and took tanks into the street. now, that strong presence under vladimir putin is quite another. he is really dismembered. but there is always a loophole.

when ronald reagan said mr. gorbachev, tear down that wall, i don't know if he really thought it was going to happen. authoritarian regimes are brittle. and putin is right now in a position to rule because there is no organized opposition to him and he's making sure of th that. but two weeks ago people flooded into the streets of moscow to protest corruption. still, online bloggers are protesting government action. so there is something slightly alive underneath. another thing is the russian people are different than they were in the soviet union. when i first went to moscow as a graduate student in 1979, russians looked at their feet. they never looked at you. now they travel and send their

kid to study abroad. they study them even middle-class, this boy all day l their children at toys "r" us. somewhere along here, someone might emerge to be a focal point for that constituency. before we get too carried away, the other potential opposition could come from the hard right because there is an even more ultranationalist, ultra orthodox side that even putin tries to keep under control. so yes, i worry about russia and a place that has a great potential but the institutions just are not there right now. >> on the refugee front, president of trump has lost now

twice in his attempt to slow down or halt a much better dating of refugees coming from other such planes, and i wondered if the policies he attempted to put in place actually survived the review and were in place. do you think that would substantially improve the security or your view? >> the executive order as it was drafted, and let's be frank the first one was not drafted, it was evidence that did not have exact together and did things like va dan green card holders which is not legal. the second one is probably the right target. there are a few countries in the world that are basically ungoverned spaces.

yemen, libya, somalia, sudan. we don't have the ability to beg people on the ground because if we have embassies, they are small and so i think a policy that says you're going to need more thorough vetting from those kind of countries and we are going to be taken off the list as it were, we are going to take the time come a step bac, step x months, eight months a year. i think that would have made sense. unfortunately, because the way the first executive order came out, it kind of poisoned the well for what would have been a sensible policy so we will see what happens. the fact is if they wanted to improve and increase the vetting they could do it without an executive order, just put the department of homeland security

agents on the ground, send people if they want to get a visa, don't let them get it in sudan. make them go to another country. there's other ways to do this and maybe that is what they will do. i do think that we have a problem. >> this might be related to president trump and capturing what it really feels about the potential for the united states when he talks about the america first policy. under that umbrella, i am betting the large% of the audience here might think of some on the left hand that foreign aid is an absolute waste of tax dollars and why we would be putting money into the foreign aid when the roads and bridges need to be rebuilt and all that. so the question is coming from a former secretary of state, do you think there is a foreign aid argument that is important for the american people to grasp?

>> for me, it is a little but the same argument i would make about democracy and promoting democracy. you can say we will just pay attention to our own affairs. we have to build our own bridges, so why are we building in afghanistan. you can say our schools are not in great shape, so why are we trying to send girls to school in nigeria? you can say all those things. but there are two powerful arguments against that kind of thinking. one is a moral argument and one is a practical argument. the moral argument is this. america is an idea, and if a life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are universal and are good for us, then it can't be good for us and not for them. we are at our best when we lead from both power and principle. now, the principle that no man,

woman or child should have to live in dire poverty and the worst of circumstances because we are also a compassionate nation. if we go to some of the places in the world, i don't care how bad it looks in the united states of america. it is much, much worse. how do you turn a blind eye to those people playing in the dirt in haiti? we are too good to be that way. so, the moral argument is im christian, and i've been told that's what you do for the least

of my brothers you do for me. me. whatever your tradition is and whatever that impulse comes from in compassion, america has had it and we have to keep it. that is the case. now the practical case, democratic states for their own people don't invade their neighbors. they don't traffic soldiers that are ten and 11-years-old. they don't traffic in human sex trade so women end up in brothels in eastern europe and southeast asia. they don't harbor terrorists as a matter of state policy. democracies don't fight each other. we know that. it's called the democratic peace. so there is a reason that we have believed we are better off when other people beyond our borders can live with decent governments that try to take care of them.

now, yes i think there was a time when foreign aid was given money so we gave money to somebody else. or maybe a little bit of guilt about colonialism or whatever. but those days have actually been long gone for a long time. if you look at some of the programs that we know, the millennium challenge is a good example of this. millennium challenge sends to the countries you will receive large packages from the united states only if you are governing wisely, fighting corruption, investing in your people. and if you are doing those things, then we will give you foreign aid. i will give you an example to listen to the millennium challenge compact. they wanted to do -- a lot of the farms in the third world are actually quite inefficient because they are very small farms. one of the problems combining

them is nobody knows what the title is to the land. so they were going to do and titling. but there was a law in the book that women couldn't hold land their own name. so the united states of america is that if you want to see a dime of this foreign assistance, you will change that law so they changed it. when you go abroad and look at what america has done for the belief relief and humanitarian crises or the kind of programs we have run all over the world with the largest food aid, you recognize the most powerful country in the world also off to be the most compassionate. and it's good for us, too because when you create responsible software and in the system in a way that it enhances prosperity and security we are all better off. so, for foreign-made is an

inexpensive way to keep us from having to intervene in other more expensive ways including by to let terrella. force. and most americans, there has been a poll, a survey americans think foreign assistance is about 25% of the federal budget. it's less than 1.5%. and about half of that goes to the promotion of democracy and improving the lives of people. [applause] >> i have two more questions and then i would like to invite you in the audience to raise your hand when you have a question. there is adoration that follows you everywhere and the impetus as you well know in the last at least two decades, everywhere you go, people ask what you please run for the presidency.

[applause] i know you've always said i don't know. i just wonder if it is the kind of thing now you have reached a point in your career when you say no, you really mean it. [laughter] >> i really mean it. you have to know your dna. i admire people that run for office and i don't think the process is too tough. at the end of the day he was raring to go. i love doing public service and

i will keep doing public service. i'm very involved in k-12 education reform, which is important to the country. without that, we will not be very strong. we work a lot with the boys and girls club to try to do work on their review. [applause] i'm teaching those millennial. they are the most wonderful and public minded kid in my 30 plus years of teaching. that they also are the kids that got the participation trophy for something. so they are slightly fragile. but they are the perfect combination of fragile and competent because they have been told that they were the next. so, my favorite line is i want to be a leader and i say that is not a destination or job

description. so, what actually are you going to know somebody might want you to lead. my other favorite one if i want my first job to be meaningful. [laughter] i say your first job is not going to be meaningful. what would be meaningful is that somebody paid you to do something for the first time in your life, that would be meaningful. [applause] so i have work to do in sanford. [applause] what can anyone in this audience due to influence foreign affairs? there's so much opinion and interest in the topic that involves america's relationship with the rest of the world and

people are incredibly frustrated with decisions we might meet or foreign aid in one way or another. if the advice is too far a way to be able to do anything where there is actually something that people can get involved in where they feel like they make a difference? >> there are many things people can get involved in. you will not have an affect on what we do. the decisions we have elected people to take those tough decisions. but when you look at the united states of america and the wide range of things we do across the world, much of what we deliver in the world is through volunteers and civil society. if you care about girls education, i guarantee there is a nongovernmental organization that is dealing with that problem. if you care about the march on

islamic extremism and i guarantee there are civil society organizations that are trying to find reconciliation between the great religions and that are trying to help people find a better way. if you care about what is happening to people who live in places where religious freedom is not permitted, i guarantee you that there are faith-based institutions that are finding a way to get bibles to people so that they can practice their faith. the one thing that we forget is not all of the democracies are in washington think that ms.. -- thank goodness. that's why the founding fathers gave us federalism. much of it is practiced and civil society. you know, de tocqueville when he came to the united states in 1835 and wrote his great hope democracy in america, as he

called them in voluntary associations of americans they get together voluntarily to do great things, to do good things. he didn't quite understand it. and it is a paradox because one of the most individualistic people in the face of the earth, you violate my rights and i will take you all the way to the supreme court, brown v. board of education, yesterday was the anniversary. but we were also once communitarian and we do get together to do good things. we would know those voluntary associations today as the red cross or the boys and girls clubs or the rotary club and it does have a component to them also. that works makes america much stronger abroad van even the things we do with our extraordinary military power and economic wealth. so there are many ways to be

involved internationally. and by the way, being informed is also very important because in the days when social media does matter and congress is always listening for growth in, informed opinions would be nice, we are getting an awful lot of uninformed opinions. [applause] >> with that we would like to turn to you to ask some questions and i would ask if you could wait until someone puts a microphone up so we can hear the question and also we will start right now. it's been a clear kerry is on your feelings to the presence of the israeli northern border and the iranian proxy army. where does that fit into north

korea and other ships? >> it is a bad situation but has two things going for it. israeli military strength, and the deployment of missile defenses under the iron dome that have helped to protect israel. both have become quite dangerous. more from a terrorist perspective, but gaza from a terrorist perspective and of course you've also got the northern border between syria and lebanon. so indeed these are tinderboxes. we were able to cut off the southern border after the 2006 war by getting the forces out and getting the lebanese army in. but the way that we deal with that problem is we hope to protect the israelis.

they are very militarily capable. and they also are excellent in terms of their intelligence. and that is the reason i think that you see fewer incidences in that area. the problem with north korea is that we do not have that kind of a fix on the problem. >> over here. >> i know you are a california resident and i know you do not want to be president, but how can you help out this beautiful state? [applause] >> here we really do need help. [laughter] we cannot keep living beyond our means and raise taxes as a way of covering up the fact we have pensions that are unsustainable and so on and so on. at some point, they have to blow

the whistle on what is going on in sacramento. we have other issues in california. i do think the k-12 education is a disaster. i am a major proponent of school choice for the following reaso reasons. we have an opt out system of education. if you are well off you will live to a district where the schools are good. that is why the houses are so in virginia and alabama where my family lives in palo alto. you name the place and do you know where the schools are. if you are really well off, who is stuck in the failing neighborhood schools and a lot of them our nine or at the kids and yes some poor parents are dysfunctional but a lot just don't have good choices.

the next time i read an editorial in the "los angeles times" or the "washington post" about how charters and school choice and vouchers are so bad for the public system, i want to say okay, send your kids to school and when you do that, you can talk about keeping poor parents from school choice. but don't send your kids to sidwell france and then say we shouldn't have a chance. let me just say that you are my hero. [applause]

i'm looking for you to help me make sense of the attributes that will help us as women and those of us that are in the raising millennialist that can be productive and contribute and not so entitled. we do a lot of staff development and women in leadership is important to me. i would take your top five in a heartbeat. thank you. i could be anything i want including president of the

united states, secretary of state, whatever i want to be. the way they did that was interesting because they have two important mantras and i repeat these to my students. no one is going to be able to throw you off your horse. secondly, they said there are no victims. the minute you describe yourself as a victim, you've given control of your life to somebody else. my father would say somebody doesn't want to sit next to you because you're black that

doesn't matter as long as they move. after co- [applause] don't let somebody else's prejudice bring you down. so i say to the young women and minorities don't internalize somebody else's prejudices about you or the views about you. i think by the way, social media has contributed to this. i heard somebody say once to a group of young people, don't compare your actual life to somebody else's virtual life cosby read on social media and everybody is perfect on social media. i think they are internalizing this sense of i can't succeed,

and we need to say to them life is not so easy but if you are well prepared cummings you can get there. the final thing i would say in terms of the leadership and the like is we have this conceit about mentors and role models that they need to look like you. had i been waiting for a black female role model, we would be waiting. you're an role models and mentors have to be people that you admire. mine were old white men that dominated my field. but they were people that solve things in me i didn't see in myself. when you found those mentors and role models you would be able to navigate a lot of ups and downs and difficulties getting to the top whatever color you are and gender you are.

i was fortunate that i had appearance even under very difficult circumstances never let me off the hook for personal responsibilities. [applause] >> during secretary clintons term, about the second year the state department was doing some influencing and president putin election term and then that was on the news and msnbc and fox news once or twice and then it disappeared because of the alleged hacking into the dnc and then the release of the damning

e-mails. what we think that the interference in other countries and elections and nationbuilding was? >> thank you. lucwe don't actually interfere n other people's elections. what we do is try to help people to have free and fair elections. one thing that the united states supports is when the national endowment for democracy when president ronald reagan began send electoral monitors to make sure they are preceding free and fairly. when we see the approach of other activities we tended to through the national endowment for democracy and freedom for others actually train people who then could go and the candidates and so forth.

so what we are doing is trying to strengthen the opposition forces in places where authoritarians suppress them. putin got really mad in 2012 because hillary clinton that his election was fraudulent. his election was fraudulent. if you were not named by the mere putin, you never showed up on russian news channels, you found your offices if you are the opposition suddenly closed, you found your people picked up for tax evasion. i mean it was really bad in 2012. and he did and from moscow. that tells you something is still alive and he has an eye for an eye kind of guy. so he says by the way they've been trying to interfere for a long time it's just the internet and the cyber attacks give you

other ways to do it so now i've got to show you what i can do and my view is that is what the interference was all about. now, the way that i think we should have dealt with this was to say we know you did it. we will punish it at a time and place of our choosing. and by the way, we have absolute confidence in the american electoral system, and we have absolute confidence in the outcomes of the american intellectual system because he likes nothing better than seeing us spin around like chickens with our heads cut off talking about, you know, this is influenced and that was influenced. we should express confidence in our own system. he wins when we do not express confidence in our own system. i am all for investigating what happened there. it is a hostile act by a foreign

power. we need to know what happened and be smarter with our cybersecurity. after all, they hacked into our records are so clearly we are doing something that is making us vulnerable. and i do think that he was going after hillary clinton because he was angry about what she did in 2012. but that is where i would start in terms of his motivations. i wouldn't have gone so far as to say he wouldn't elect a particular person. i think he was an eye for an e eye. one last question. >> you have given your thoughts on u.s. relations with china and russia. i wondered if you could share

the socialist governments in south america. >> very good question. a lot of america is a tremendous success story. when i first started teaching i taught a course called american politics. and i always had several i could talk about. now you look in latin america and most of the big states are functioning democracies. brazil, chile, peru, colombia. by the way, one of the things i wanted to do in the book is a democracy promotion is in iraq and afghanistan. that is a security problem and that is very hard. but columbia is the place we help bring back from the brink of it being a failed state. so they are actually doing very well. there are a few like the

sandinistas that are still hanging on, and the cubans are still making trouble in latin america. and they will not last. i think those regimes will not last. the place i am most worried about is venezuela. this used to be a middle income country that now people cannot buy food or medicine. i do not think there is a contagion factor to the rest of the region because they are pretty strong. but i do think that the organization of the states ought to finally say enough. they need to arrange for that to be voted out of office. it's going to take a long time, maybe the transition over a couple of years because the

liberal forces have been so suppressed by the regime. but it is sort of chavez without charm. so i don't think that it could last through the beginning and they would begin to see cracks in the regime. but venezuela is the single fastest situation right now in latin america, and we need to deal with it. the effort to bring the socialist regimes in central america will come and go and come and go in places like el salvador and nicaragua but ultimately they cannot last. >> we are honored as we always are when you pay us a visit, and on behalf of all of us here i want to say thank you for coming and you are invited back any time. [applause]

here is a look at some of the current best-selling nonfiction books according to the club. topping the list, jonathan allen and amy behind the scenes look at hillary clinton's 2016 candidacy followed by democracy, former secretary of state condoleezza rice looking at america's efforts to promote democracy worldwide.

is a timing device. if i say two sentences like they gave her cat food or they gave

her cat -- catfood. i gave an example and i think we can play the audio clip and it will be the song ended a challenge to you is to see if you can recognize the song if it reminds you of anything i will explain to you what it is leader. i will give you a clue. when i gave it to my undergrad they look at me with a blank face. the name of the group is the beatles. [laughter] csee if the song reminds you of anything. ♪

>> does that remind you of any songs? [inaudible] anything else? people who picked up on it were paying attention to the note. but the timing was totally off yesterday so it was a hybrid phone in which you sort of cross them both with a spatial intent and this is a nice example of how important timing is too everything we do and the idea that time is slowing but at the same time how sophisticated the brain's ability is to tell time on the scale on hundreds of milliseconds to a few seconds

and a few slow music down or speed music up too much or slow down or speed up speech too much it ceases to be speech or music, so it is a very critical range. watching the tv on c-span to hear on the campus of the university of arizona talking with professors here who were also offers. want to introduce you now to linda, author of this book the life and times of inez holland. >> guest: this was the murder for women's suffrage in the united states. she was arguably the most famous female political figure of the 19 tens.