you and welcome to hudson institute. i am the president and ceo and am delighted to welcome everyone here this morning. today as i think everyone in this room gnomes, we kicked off an incredible week for india-u.s. relationship. the first meeting with the indian prime minister and president trump. at hudson institute we are delighted to host this special to honor the u.s.-india partnership and we are grateful to our friends at c-span for covering this event live. stands at lesse than 1/5 of the u.s.-china $648

billion bilateral trade relationship. india is america's ninth largest importer of goods and eight largest export market. the world's first and the world's sixth economies respectively, we had hudson institute believe there is significant room for growth. the u.s.-india relationship is an important one here at the institute. our salvation program directed hussein --mbassador has been active on the u.s.-india trade relationship, the u.s.-india defense relationship, and the u.s.-india-japan trilateral relationship for sometime now. i was very fortunate to be honored to be included in the briefing with prime minister modi during his last visit to washington. today to have the

cochairman of the congressional caucus on india, the representative from north carolina here to offer keynote remarks. i will introduce him momentarily. we also had an excellent panel moderated by an ambassador who will be joined by the president of boeing india and the governmental relations leader for transportation at general electric, resident director at north america -- and the senior vice president of --. allow me now to introduce holding.an he grew up in north carolina, tendon wake forest university and clerk for u.s. district terrence boyle and practiced law before becoming the u.s. attorney for north carolina.

from the representative north carolina's 13th congressional district, sworn in on january 2017 answers on the ways and means committee and for our purposes, the cochair of the congressional caucus on india. without further do, let me introduce representative holding. [applause] >> all right. let me get all set up. thank you very much. a very warm welcome. i first ate the opportunity to offer some remarks. it is kind of odd to be a with a panel of folks who are actual experts on the u.s.-india

relations and how we can foster deeper bonds he between our two great democracies. members of congress think we are experts on everything so you'll just have to bear with me. i would like to thank the hudson institute for hosting these aoceedings this is partnership between india and the united states and it is incredibly important. to expandeking ways the u.s.-and their relationship always begins with dialogue and i will be the first to admit that some of these conversations are not always easy. they require healthy doses of honesty from both sides. when i was in india early this year, i believe for the fourth time, there was honesty on the concern of visas. last week in the ways and means

committee we had a conversation with the trade ambassador and there was some frank discussion about tariffs and price controls devices.l i firmly believe these are conversations we have to have as they will cement what i believe will be the defining relationship between our two century. for the i am sure there are questions among you about why a congressman from north carolina is the cochair of the india caucus and how that same member got asked to give these remarks today. so, here is a marker. all politics is local, and in my constituency in north carolina, i am proud to represent over 20,000 indian americans. 90% inside, upwards of north carolina are owned by

indians. office, i saw a groundswell of support in my district not only for his foridacy but also reinvigorating u.s.-india relations and i am talking about indian americans who had never been involved in the political ss in the united states and never turned out to an event or sought out a candidate or representative, but as they were modi becoming prime minister and interested in this country, it was through talking to them about the bilateral relationship that i found myself very interested in u.s.-india policy. so i quickly realized the incredible potential bad existed

for an enduring partnership between the oldest democracy, largest democracy. i know the oldest, largest talking point is when he gets tossed around a great deal but i think it is instructive to them and at the core of the u.s.-india relationships and that is shared values reflected by our believe in democracy and it is this and the people-to-people connections may 10 by the indian-american that draws us of many members of congress to be such strong supporters of the bilateral membership. the caucus is relatively active in comparison to other caucuses. as the president and the prime minister conclude their first-ever in-person meeting, i on the future of

our relationship. strong gains we witnessed over the course of the last few years, we continue our progress forward. this visit should allow each leader to reinforce why this relationship matters, with both sides of the equation expressing concerns they might have , man-to-man. and over the course of the -- trump-modi era, i'm sure that there will be differences but i'm sure they will find significant areas of cooperation from enhanced security for nation to increased energy collaboration and more engagement on the economic front. would find ourselves well-positioned to seize many of these opportunities.

regardless, it is important to remember that for many years congress has been on the front u.s.-indiaiving the relationship forward and i think it will be even more because of the engagement with directors of congress. i can strongly confirm for you today that we have no intention of taking our foot off the gas. reflecting on just the time i had the privilege of being the cochair i feel we have made a tremendous stride in a number of areas. that is not to say we do not have a lot more work to do but this undertaking was an bothordinary effort from sides of the equation. i struggle when i think of a better way we can strengthen the u.s.-india relationship than bible bolstering business-to-business tasks. -- the hand bible story

business--- -- than by establishing business-to-business tasks. to whether the travails that will inevitably arise. there are problems between the world's six largest economies, justl know the numbers about $115 billion a year. india is only our ninth largest trade importer and the trade deficit remains for some .nnecessarily high especially as india contains its exceptional growth. i look at these figures and wonder what else can be done to further develop our economic bond. as a member of the trade subcommittee on the ways and

means committee, i can tell you our nation is certainly no stranger to good discourse as i mentioned earlier, with one and hope springs eternal for continuation of ernest talks on the bilateral investment treaty which has been on the back corner for a while and many of us are urging to get back into the forefront. in the country's -- companies i speak with, any trade agreement would be more than welcome to get it off the sidelines and give investors additional confidence that it is a good place for their money. this would also have the added benefit of paving the way for agreements concerning a variety of sectors and industries, specifically in the technology and innovative space i think we have incredible opportunity to further integrate our economies, countries, and companies and even governments for cyber security. it will be the innovation

economy to allow them to overcome challenges over the horizon by unleashing the world's most innovative companies. whether you are the world's most innovative company in silicon valley or bangalore, these are staffed with incredibly creative people and talented workforces and this collaboration will help the primesist minister in achieving and realizing the positions for programs such as digital india and the smart cities initiative, efforts the united states government should should also continue to robustly support its expertise and resources. in it where going to be able to foster an ecosystem that enables the u.s. to become an even better partner in technology and in other spaces, i believe we can realize even greater business and economic synergies. we all know about companies that are driven for growth.

this panel is part of those countries, i believe that there is also such great potential for technology and innovative ownership in the defense and energy sectors, some of which are already being realized. i was proud last year during the authorngress to something signed into law that will bolster the ability of our andgovernments to develop share cutting-edge defense technology. this is the language we had put into the nda. it was certainly my aim to encourage additional co-production and co-development to help us grow business opportunities and achieve strategic objectives along the ways. i visited india earlier this year and i was with chairman wedlad and the committee and

had a lot of discussions on how to have a synergy between making india and america first and that the two philosophies work well together. this is a positive step i believe for the strategic ownership to go further. we need to see this fully realized in the business-two-is this space, not just the sharing and transferring of defense technologies between governments but further acts that we will also continue to see increasing cooperation on these cyber security front, which i know is on the mind of everyone here today. the cyber security challenges like those in the indian ocean, for example, are the ones we share together and we must tackle together. on the energy front, the united chanceas a significant to help india have stable, affordable energy through unleashing new technologies that the extraction and export of

--le oil and national natural gas affordable. a very active member of the india caucus is here today, pete wilson, extolling the virtues of national -- natural gas terminals in houston which i believe is online now but in the meantime we need to be prepared renewable expand our energy sector as these new technologies will increasingly become more foreign to the energy mix of both of our nations. all of this, like our trade relationship stands to contribute to the economic success of both of our countries. more importantly, this type of cooperation stance to bring our two nations closer together which always must be the shared objective at the and of the day. everything we do must be viewed in the lens of deepening and enriching the critical relationship for both nations

and both of our peoples. the united states is a natural partner to india and india has a very natural partner in the united states. sigh think it is incumbent upon all of us who are engaged on this issue and engaged on furthering our relationship, all of us that believe in the future that this will be a defining relationship for the 21st century. that we keep working hard. that, i thank you all very much. [applause]

>> good afternoon. hudsone director at the institute. we are grateful for the cooperation and partnership we have received of the transportation of indian industry. before we get started, i would recognize those who put together this panel. president trump and prime minister modi are going to be meeting today. we already heard the congressman with reference to the u.s.-india relationship. the defining partnership of the

21st century, a term that has been used i successive presidents of the usa in the last couple decades. india is often in the wall street journal. this morning, prime minister modi had a comment on the convergence of interest and values of the united states and india. interests are a conceptual framework and at the end of the day, relationships between nations also have to be measured and they are often measured in terms of how well they do in commercial partnership and in trade and industry, which is why we have brought this panel in today. -- united states and india the united states is india's second largest bilateral trading partner in goods and india is united states ninth largest bilateral trading goods.

it stands at an estimated 114 billion dollars. companies indian operate in the united states and have created close to 100,000 jobs here. they have invested more than $15 billion and u.s. companies have invested $28 billion in india just in the last three years. things. measure of moving, the u.s.-india defense trade was only $200 million in the year 2000. today it stands at about $15 billion with potential for much more. but, as the world's largest and , there largest economy is comfortable room for further annualand the world bank report for 2017, on the eve of doing business globally, ranked

india at 130 out of 190 countries. if there were greater income india, perhaps more american countries would -- companies would head to india. in the area of defense, for example, one of the factors can be american roles and and theons on exporting indian desire for not being dependent purely on defense economics but also being able to make things and india. so where do things stand? where will we see this relationship go forward? innovation between the u.s.-india promotion partnership . we have an excellent panel today with representatives from all of those who can be identified as fieldjor players in the of innovation and expansion of

commercial ties between the united states and india. we have danny o'brien from general electric, he is the government relations leader for transportation and in this capacity he oversees ge's engagement on public policy issues. he has served as a longtime advisers in the u.s. senate where he was to some daft to three -- chief of staff to three senators. he managed political strategies for these national leaders and now is a government relations leader for ge and will play a crucial role in ge's expansion into india. then, to my right, senior vice president based in silicon valley, california. in the angel funding

stage and growth funding i venture capital funding that are native to cloud or have a mobile platform. none of this means anything to me because i'm not as technology conversant as most people might be that i am sure many other people are watching this discussion on c-span will be totally impressed. across thesformation globe, he also carries that responsibility for north america business operations which are expanding. james, who is the -- managing the office responsible for representing the interest in group countries and the region.

academic ownerships, sustainability, business eval of men and most of you in this room would say, i would like to be departments of lockheed martin and manufacturing the f-16 aircraft. way, he is theis president of -- india. he is running late, i am sure that is not in any way a commentary on boeing arriving on time most of the time. he is the vice president of boeing international and teasers as managing director of boeing defense india. he is based in new delhi and he is the most senior and country executive. he does business across three business units. before we get started on a discussion, a very quick rundown on the four companies represented on the panel and their business interests in relation to interest.

ge has doubled its investment in india and delivered $3 million in economic value over the last three years. investors are mostly manufacturers. invested $350 million as part of expansion and 2006, have a factory, 200 by dollar factory that employs 13,000-15,000 people in india. boeing investment in india includes a new factory which plans for hornet fighter aircraft and it also has active helicopter production. it is doubling its resources from india. aeronautic and with parts built in

india for around the world. another has a very large number of employees in the united states. half of the employees in the are working for them. over 150,000 people working here. rhetoric happens a lot, jobs are going to other way but no. india is actually creating jobs in the united states as well. by revenue geography in cities such as san francisco, dallas, new jersey. it has invested $500 million inquiry a u.s. cloud computing company last year. haveifferent companies entered into ventures including boeing, starbucks, they employ something like 22,000 people in

north america and they are working currently to increase investment into india. so those planning a trip to india in the future, you can have a new york flight to mumbai and kolkata as less. andillion in american 2008 over $100 million. enough of the introduction, let's get into the meeting. in thet question is title of our conversation today, innovation, many people talk technologyation as and how it has to do with information technology. where do things stand? where do we see them going forward? >> first of all, i am glad to be here.

global base. the , 50% of that is in the united states. so, it innovation. i think first of all it is good to be on a panel with ge and boeing. know, if you are a student of innovation. if you have members talking about innovation, children coming and seeing the technology, there has never been a better time to be working in the space than right now. we have -- we are extremely proud to be associated with things round innovation. digital, cyber security, analytics, artificial intelligence. it means blackhawks.

silicon valley and was ating, but today if you look innovation, a long global the unitedfrom states, we are the leaders in innovation. today, clients are looking for investments. clients are expecting us to be at the cutting edge of cyber security to keep their top bylaws safe. in order for them to be able to aliver health care or taking taxi driver from point a to point b. formve created a life innovation center in tempora-florida, for health care. a design center in brooklyn, new apps for company for whose

you probably have on your cell phone. we have invested in cloud applications at our india office. whether you are on a google cloud, salesforce cloud, it is being delivered by employees working in your states. if your client is retailing at some regular retailers where you cyberchances are that security of their companies are being operated at our cyber command center in atlanta. so why are we doing this question mark we are doing this because technology is changing. without getting too technical about it, there is a lot more work and rapid prototyping and rapid applications. hat means you want to be closer

closer to the clients. it's a longtime need. just in the last calendar 12 i'll try to do this in u.s. dollars and rupees, -- we were investing $5 million a day. we had net hiring from 14 campuses across north america for computer science graduates. in the next three months, we're going to be entering a turning point where closer to 50% of the north american work force will be -- we are responding to a need. that's a core business need. you're not responding to a political need or a regulatory need. we're responding to a business need.

that's where the skills are, that's where projects are. so innovation is changing terms of delivery, it's changing in terms of technology, in terms of what needs to be delivered. technology is changing in terms of where it needs to be delivered. right now those who are responsible dch >> james, an icon in india, an icon in south asia, many, many businesses, and definitely bullish on the united states and the partnership what is your perception of the current status of u.s.-india commercial relations and how do you see them evolving? how do you see them actually reaching for the potential because each one of us probably figure out, do you think it has, it is close to its potential or

nowhere near the potential? so what's holding it back and how does your company intend to expand at the same time growing the potential which has always been an objective? >> thank you and thanks for the invitation to gin the panel today you won't be surprised, we don't spend much time thinking about the politics of it but much more about the business opportunity in both collections. mr. shapiro: you can see our thinking by the nature of the kinds of transaction you mentioned a few of them. we are very open and have been quite successful in partnering th major u.s. companies to jointly address indian market needs, particularly in recent years where you talked about tarbucks but we also have with other international brands and particularly in aerospace we

have been quite in the press lately in terms of the lockheed -- potential lockheed deal and our work with boeing. on the other side, coming into the united states, we're focused very much, there are 12 companies operating in north america from i.t. services, very ch along the same lines as renfro. but manufacturing plants, we have tube steel -- two steel plants, one in warren, ohio, and one in pennsylvania. we have a coffee plant, eighth o'clock coffee, we have significant r&d technology investments here. that's really, one of the reasons i was interested in joining the panel, that's where we see the attraction in the united states is that if you take one example, jaguar-land rover a major auto company we our motors, it's

100% local employees, maybe one or two people from the u.k. who came over to start it. and that is, i think, indicative of the kind of activity you're going to see where we're also partnering with universities because we see much cutting edge research here at u.s. universities and want to be closer to that cutting edge, closer to where that work is going on and to do that, we need to spend people here, need to support that research, we need to invest some time in research centers, recently maybe read about the investment at carnegie mellon to build a whole new cent threr to welcome at self-driving cars and other automation. those are the kinds of -- very exciting investments we're making in this country. we see it as very fundamental to the future of the group globally

but here in the united states and in india. >> dan, g.e., an american icon definitely in business where innovation matters a lot. ow to you see innovation incomes of your sort of envisions of the u.s.-india partnership? and the reason why i say that as an important element is that obviously india sees itself as growing at a faster pace than many other economies in the world but it does not want to just be a market for products that are manufactured elsewhere. and just dumped on india. the way indians look at that, they see themselves as potential partners. if they are going to be partners, then the innovation. i recall, i went to a facility a g.e. facility in bangalor which

focused on innovation and i was just wondering if you could share about how much that innovation drives your investments in the india-u.s. relations? >> thank, ambassador. g.e., as you mentioned, is a 125-year-old company. our relationship with india has been in place for decades. i think since 2000 we have some very instructive experiences to share that touch on the point that you just mentioned. mr. o'brien: you mentioned the plant in bangalore which is at the heart. g.e. is going in the direction they have industrial internet. many of you may have seen our quirky advertisements trying to attract young, smart, i.t. people to move a little further

east to our g.e. company. part of our g.e. digital and innovation push hinges on, centered on, a facility we have in bangalore. one number you mentioned, g.e. has 21,000 employees in india. the trajectory since you last checked has gotten better. in bangalore, we have a few engineers, researchers, scientists working hand in hand with the research and development programs that we have here in the u.s. our facility, the john welch technology cent for the bangalore is probably one of our most modern and certainly our most integrated operations where we bring all the different, six, seven, eight, g.e. businesses together to develop applications that will serve across the board through something we sometimes call the g.e. garage. in other words, a way to access technology in one industry and apply it to another. in india, some of our results

that tell the story that the ambassador just mentioned are simply, we recently last year opened a new wind farm in india. at is using blades, wind blades, turbine blades developed in bangalore. they were developed this bangalore for the indian market but they're in markets across the globe on every single continent right now. so technology innovation, collaboration, coming out of bangalore is not only serving the indian market, it's helping g.e. in its global reach. in addition, in bangalore alone, we've had 3,200 contributions for patent applications here in the united states. so g.e. writ large benefits from the human resources, the energy, he ideas, the intellectual capacity, the die namism of bangalore and india, not only as

we expand our reach around the world and we're in about 180 countries right now with customer, but we also are active, engaged, resulting issues -- resolving issue, coming up with solutions for the indian market and customers. >> quick question before we move on. 3,200 patent aply cages for things developed in bangalore. what percentage is it of g.e.'s overall patent development application in the same period? mr. o'brien: that's a good question, i don't know the breakdown on it. but they span health care, health care products used in 7 countries around the globe. india, we have a whole range of accessibility and low price products. spans, as i mentioneding renewable, we're getting into our g.e. transportation story, the rail story that we'll touch on hopefully today. oil and gas. so almost every single key g.e.

business, ands i said there are seven or eight of them, have inputs coming out of bangalore and out of our other facilities in india. welcome toanel -- we great to -- t is for you to join us, you have already been introduced. and we made a joke about the 3er7b from boeing, supposed to get flights on time, is late. we already shared some statistics about what boeing is doing in india, i would like you to update us and tell us how do you see the u.s.-india commercial relationship from boeing's relationship? >> great, again, apologies for being late. i got held up in another

meeting. you know, look at the trend of demographic driven demand for aviation sectoring it's unstoppable. in the last three years, we have seen 20-plus percent growth in air traffic in india. should look forward. it's looking strong for the foreseeable future. primet, in today's op-ed, minister modi mentioned 200 aircraft. that's just a start. we project over the next 20 years, india will buy more than 850 aircraft. the future is bright for civil aviation from boeing's perspective, the other side of the situation is also defense, where the trade has gone from almost zero to about -- zero seven years ago to $15 billion plus. knock on wood but we have done pretty ok in that. we have provided compelling platforms to indian defense

services. starting with c-17, chinook and apache helicopters urn production now and we look forward to further partnering with india as the work has been published under which we can do this. outlook is strong. building on a strong track record of success over the last five years. >> how about from india? mr. kumar: we have quadrupled our sourcing from india in the last three years. if it stays on track, the total sourcing for india from boeing will cross almost $1 billion by the end of this year. that's a significant trend on that. again, it's driven by competitiveness. it's not just, make in india, make in india. it helps translate the country, the strategy to the company but also helps us become more competitive. that's why we're doing it.

the other part of the equation is innovation. we find lots of opportunities to find pockets of innovation in india. ou heard -- i heard a bit of g.e.'s talking about, we've seen that in space. that's why we're planning on doing more work in india. mr. haqqani: is there r&d taking place? mr. kumar: absolutely. we are building a significant presence in the country, in bangalore, some of the recent innovations, patents filed from there is cutting edge. mr. haqqani: we don't want to get into the politics but let us just say some people see a difficulty in having -- i mean, everybody is upbeat at the political and strategic level but at the business level i have seen stories that say prime minister modi wants to make in

india, president trump wants to do everything in the united states. let me call a -- it may cause a bit of a problem. surely it is a -- there is a win-win available here. what do you see as the win-win? let's just go around with veryone. >> there is certainly rhetoric at i think -- i pay less attention to. and there's work to be done. mr. amarnath: today we are extremely bullish on the ability to deliver in the united states. just to give you a recent example here, on august 1, we'll be inaugurated an absolutely modern, next generation, what we in north perienced --

america. you are welcome to take a visit to the facility. terms of ponse in creating the facility is not about saying let's find a way to make it in the u.s.a. it is about saying, we deliver in the u.s.a., our needs are here, our clients exist here and our clients are expecting us to be on the cutting edge to take them to the next generation level. there are r&d budgets under severe constraints from our client's standpoints. i talk to many, many clients, they are scrambling for investments. and we prefer to -- and they prefer to see a partner who is willing to extend their in-house r&d. for us it's an investment.

it's a multimillion dollar investment we're making for our clients in order for them to d some of the technologies in house to showcase what is possible. that's a partnership. we are investing to make our clients successful and that's an investment that's happening here. and you should continue to make as things are going forward. we are about to launch a 400-people delivery center outside of dallas, texas, specifically to address our processing needs in north america. we will be working with our clients there. there are lots of cybersecurity needs, there is a lot of needs in energy technology, again, i don't want to go into the weeds but these are technologies where we want to be at the cutting edge. and know what's happening here on the shores of the united states. r. haqqani: james?

mr. o'brien: we need more -- >> we need more trade, not less trade. we import, we export from both india and the u.s. and many third countries. we need a kind of predictable, open trading system where we can continue to do that. mr. shapiro: products are get manager complicated, not less complicated. it's not possible to always just make the entire -- and you can see it from the joint ventures we have talked about. it's not practical, not feasible to make everything in one country. you're going to have to -- and we've already run into this in terms of some of the discussions about nafta. tracking things that go back and forth on the boarder from mexico in the process of getting made, maybe six or seven times. the same thing is true globally. particularly when they're, you know, when they're relatively easey to transport. so i think that, you know, our interest is to continue to see

that system be strengthened and i think that's possible and both countries can see that this is about expanding trade between the two countries is really where the relationship has to go. mr. haqqani: do you see the challenge, there will always be a politician who sail will say, there's not enough jobs being created in india as a result of this partnership. i think james did the supply chains are the reality and everybody kind of benefits even if in a micro sense they may not be seen as much. where do you stand on that? mr. o'brien: i think everybody who is gathered here today is wanting to talk abindia and the u.s., commercial relationship, the top headlines and to drill down a little bit and do some hard thinking about what this relationship relies on. as i mentioned earlier, shared

the story of our jack welch technology cent for the bangalore, the patents, intellectual contribution that we receive on -- helps incredibly in terms of that ledger of benefits to g.e. g. semplet a pro-free trade company. we're in about 180 countries. about half of our revenues come from abroad. we, as james just said, we embrace free trade. we see this benefits playing out every single day in communities across this country. as it relates to specifically to india, there -- the technology contributions can come from wind farms, it can come from manufacturing side. of g.e. transportation. our rail business. we just now are delivering the process of delivering 100 locomotives to indian raid railways. localization is the keyword here more so than outsourcing. local sargse is something where g.e. is required by make in

india but also by a philosophy of wanting to get close to our customers. indian railways is this massive, tremendous industrial transportation infrastructure company and there is no way in 2017, 2018 g.e. could presume to meet indian railways' needs by producing and remaining isolated or somewhat in a silo here in the u.s. we have to be close to our customers, there's too much competition and products out there there's too much high expectation, understandably and necessarily, that we need to be -- wedded hip-to-hip with our customers. we have to go local and stay close to our customers that plays in both directions. mr. haqqani: just so i understand, 100 locomotives, in terms of number of locomotives you make generally, how much is that? mr. o'brien: 100 locomotives being manufactured out of the

united states is the first wave of the initiative. mr. haqqani: out of pennsylvania, correct. i know something about this, there was a big thing about pakistan buying them when i was ambassador. mr. o'brien: 1,000 locomotives over the next 10 years is our commitment to indian railways. mr. haqqani: 1,000 locomotives is a lot of locomotives? mr. o'brien: it's the biggest deal we've signed in three decades. i was going to get there, i needed to drag it out, keep everybody interested. it is the biggest deal g.e. has had -- now that i'm being put to the task, $2.3 billion deal g.e. signed a year and a half ago with indian railways to deliver 1,000 loke mote is.

i understand he know this is deal well because he worked on it in a different capacity in the past but we are committed to delivering 1,000, the first 100 come out of the united states then there's a progress i localization schedule as it moves forward. but as you talk about that, that potential conflict or the tension between localization, make in india, versus make in the u.s., the reality is the technology and a lot of key components as you move toward increased localization in india, still emanates in erie, pell, or grove city, pennsylvania. it comes out of our recent development operations in upper state new york or the combined research and development between new york and bangalore. mr. haqqani: and the fact that they are buying those locomotives keeps them in business because they wouldn't be manufacturing for anybody else. mr. o'brien: that's an important part. mr. haqqani: in the aviation

sector -- sector, challenges, difficulties, any potential tension? is that a much shooter ride than the other sector? more difficult than any other. from a make in india perspective, we don't see it as a zero sum game. it's expanding the pie. just as you hire the g.e. locomotive example, you know, if the pie is growing that tremendously, it creates jobs here and it helps create jobs in india, which is a good, positive thing. mr. haqqani: and jobs will be created here as well. mr. kumar: absolutely, seattle, philadelphia, wherever the factories are. the reality is this is a competitive world. if we don't do it, somebody else will. whether we keep jobs in the u.s.

or let them ship it to another place like russia or france, who will be suppliers. the reality is this is the growing demand, the growing pie here too.elps mr. haqqani: the rising tide lifts all boats. automation.ob how do you see that playing out? innovation will necessarily lead to greater automation, or some level of automation, does that affect job creation? or does that just alter the nape of the jobs, a new kind of job is created? it's going to be a question of retraining people and getting them to have different kind of skill.

et's begin, again, with you. mr. amarnath: there are two caveats here. automation is here to stay and automation is here to expand. ic if i were to ask you are you still wanting to call your cab using a call center model, pick up and dial a 1-800 toll free number, you'd be say, what era am i talking about? is there anybody who still does that because they have an objection to using the car share, ride sharing services available on your iphones? ok. there's two people like that. that's interesting. that's interesting. you probably don't take that , ny cabs as some of us do we'll talk to you as well and get your perspective in a moment. automation is here to stay. as people who have been in i.t. and business services, we have

een waves of, when i was learning, we had main frames. people said, main frames, what's going to happen with to the jobs. then it changed and they said how will we retrain the main frame guys? and then we had other technologies and then you have ecommerce and then you have digital. i think -- things have happened. it has never led to a scary future. it has led to expanding the pie. it has led to expanding of the industry. and it has made things easier in terms of ordering, expand, delivering and producing. i think -- a.i. right now, artificial intelligence, there is a lot more going on there in terms of the kinds of skills it needs. there are people in

neuroscience, there are people in analytics, innovations are happening at the high school level. there's a high school in silicon valley, it's amazing what's happening there. i think there are some jobs that will get disrutchted. there are many other jobs that will get created. -- as i part of the said, there is no better time than now in terms o-- of being excited about technology. some of the things we're see, the skills, the opportunities we're launch, and some of the challenges you may see them having in terms of keeping up pace of delivering this kind of skills to the industry right now. mr. haqqani: and ina -- india and the yoits are partners in that for the foreseeable future.

mr. shapiro: i also remain optimistic about the about of technology to transform the future in bases we can't predict. it's going to be on balance positive. but you have to acknowledge that there's a mismatch between some of the skills we have, both in the u.s. and in india, and some of the jobs that will become available or that are going to expand because of all this technology change. so this is a clear focus of us in both -- in in india for needs and in the united states in terms of investments by companies like t.c.s. and -- in stem education and really trying to partner on scale with companies like discovery to influence teaching of stem skills in public schools and training teachers on how do we change the way thinking is going on in terms of quantitative

skills. i think it's -- while there will be what's needed are people that can think and think creatively. that creative element is where we need to focus our education because the routine tasks will become automated. we don't need some of the programming that was done by hundreds of people at t.c.s. doesn't need to be done by as many people now because some of the simple, basic stuff can be automated. we're moving up the food chain in terms of what do the people need? they need cutting edge skills in a.i. cutting edge skills in other areas that didn't exist 10 years ago. is that's where the investment needs to be made. i think if we continue to make those investments, we'll be in better shape. mr. o'brien: similar comments. high skilled workers are key to g.e. and are in large part a sector of the work force that we can't almost fully adequately

address here from the u.s. work force. i hate talking about automation and work force sometimes it sounds a little academic when we're talking about people's lives and coming up with the right solutions for the right transitions to new . yes, there is some of that turned that is eliminating manufacturing jobs possibly here in the u.s., but at the same time we see jobs being replaced and we see them as highly-paid good ge jobs that communities can continue to build. ask i think as a look to the a look-- >> i think as

to the future, automation is going to not necessarily take jobs away. we have to have a next generation it of intelligence, machine learning, and trying to support that. we have to work and be committing to that. prime minister modi and president trump meeting, talking about this is going to be the big process of creating the defining partnership for the 21st century -- each one of you both ofew minutes with them just before they decide on a kind of bilateral agreement of what will be the framework of this relationship moving forward. whoare of course people ,eed to advance your company

always talking about big stuff and never having to get into the midi gritty. so you have to talk about something that is very relevant to what your company's is this interest are. what will you say about this to president and trump and modi for the partnership for the future? >> well, i would say the first isng is convergence which the foundation for everything that can be done. of indianent in terms side having to work, people working towards improving business. what has been done as an example of that? it is a work still in progress.

will keep atr modi top 10.g to the 10, closer not top in terms of doing business. might ask from president trump would be this is a zero-sum guide lens. there is a win for america in this. >> similar. i would say from prime minister modi -- good ideas coming out. iom prime minister modi, would say, we certainly recognizes commitment to modernizing india's gerastructure and from a perspective, obviously we see lots of opportunities there across many different industries and we think it is good for business. we think it is good for india.

indians. the economy, the environment. we see a lot of positive ways we think we can bring solutions to improving life in india and tremendousthe offerings india has for our companies. in terms of president trump, i think it would be a suggestion to remain open to free trade and looked deep into the advantages that are generated in this global economy on both sides. >> since the panel's on innovation i will handle it in an innovation mode which is what with.ountries are less world-class educational institutions. my personal view is that we will see innovation coming out of these educational institutions that will help transform the industries where in in terms of agriculture, health, well-being, energy, brand-new industries that are really going

way our company operates and i know many other companies as well. so what can we do to expand the opportunity for exchanges between these universities, investments in university research going in both directions because these are really the engines of innovation. again, information technology hacks here, i think from prime minister modi's standpoint they are basically saying the government can do a lot in terms of manifesting times in telecoms growing but i think the government is absolutely putting a lot of emphasis and i think it has to be an ask of many of us. as far as president trump is concerned, i think i would probably say that information technology and the collaboration

is actually one of the brightest spots to shiny spotlight on. this is an area that has done tremendously well. this is an area to focus on. despite how everything has been in the past, i think this is the day to day operations, fantastic. dramaticallyly no different skills. there is a lot of debate that has contributed to this topic. the time of action is now. cooperative positioning will go away as a country if we don't and not like in the united states. >> each of us has different experience. i was in china way back in 1980.

everybody went around on a bicycle. 27 years. so, the country with one billion people can create many, many opportunities for everyone governing it, economic growth, and basically as of right now are the twoina fastest-growing economies in the world and yet on at least the face of growth in a short time if the environmental changes that you talk about, if they materialize. thank you folks. we will take questions. comments, not so much but if you can make short comments you are welcome. the microphone will be brought around to after you raise your hand in i will identify you. so those who want to ask questions, ask the panel or make comments on the panels comments.

like that. first. and, please speak into the microphone so at least or sound can be on the tape if that your visual. arizona.roman from interested in education and technology, can you give us a little but more of an idea of how you recommend we go about timing is collaboration in schools. how communities can do their heart to step up and partner with you #>> who wants to take that question? mejames? was the question to ? >> whoever wants to answer. >> and, from a startup. think in myknow, i personal view, to replicate the silicon valley echo system is next to impossible.

it isso unique unbelievable. but having said that, what i saws in the ecosystem in evidence in austin with the fantastic investments of big data analytics. fantastic innovations are happening in new york at syntax. betweenc collaborations biotech. i think the next generation of, you know, players and collaboration will be on picking teams for strategic development is a great idea because otherwise there will be too much generalissimo and not enough focus. this is something where encouraging. does anybody else want to say anything? >> no, i was going to say

education on that front, you know, listen, the real and clear and present opportunity, especially in india -- where 100 are acquiring about eight year in do not have enough engineers not enough trained pilots or crew, so you know, there is a lot of demand. we can partner there and create opportunity. i think that is the way for the local companies. perspective, the individual companies have their own programs as it relates to employees actually spending times in local schools through some of the curricula and there are financial contributions as well and we also have a focus on trying to bring women into the traditional engineering environment. >> mike nelson.

we are a startup in san francisco. we do web security and have three data centers in india. i am very glad cyber security was mentioned. i am even more glad that the ease of doing business or the inability to do business in india was mentioned because in our area, we have seen very comingictory messages out of the telecommunications regulatory authority of india. i've been working in this area have seenrs and i documents where in one paragraph it says something that sounds like let the market decide, let everything happen and then to progress later and says, this is so important, the cloud, the internet of things, we must plan, regulate, control it. so the document itself is inconsistent. so the question for mr. o'brien or anyone else who wants to suggestis, how do you

that startups, either indian or american trying to go into india , makes sense of this very inconsistent, uneven regulatory environment. say on the want to spot because you have a lot more perspective than i do but our recent ge experience with our rail endeavor has been one where with prime minister modi's by hand, we prepared for the whole regulatory process of building a manufacturing facility. my colleagues prepared me for headaches is related to getting regulatory steps. we recognize 47 different regulatory steps we had to go through. i think it speaks to prime minister modi's commitment to creating, working with the state

government, sort of a one-stop shopping on the regulatory side which has been very beneficial but that is the perspective of a very large company. >> what i meant was also identify what the regulations are, to be like that. the linguistic contradiction, get the hindi dictionary. [laughter] >> sometimes it is just -- not as complex. even if it is, figure out what the complexity is and then negotiate based on that, pointing out the inconsistency so they can be removed for moving forward and trying to do it. and you know, especially in moving spaces like cyber security, nobody really knows what it should be. a lot is going on, right? so if you discover inconsistency, talk to them. you know, we have seen a few argument you the

will see it, you know, harmonized. there is no guarantee it will be harmonized to your satisfaction all the time, but it will be harmonized. >> even the seniormost dealing with the subject probably never typed because we had somebody who used to take dictation and shorthand when you first started out. i didn't on a small, portable computer so i had to educate myself to be able to come to where he am but if you are a bureaucracy you have it growing up. some of these things are new, some of the questions you are adding on by having said -- it comes from a younger person -- and what about a qualifier coming from an older person? but once you can actually sit down people and pointed out without being aggressive and without being dismissive,

usually you do get results. have thempanies resources, the smarter ones get angry and frustrated much more quickly and they can somehow create collaboration to try and deal with the regulations and whatnot, it is not just for one company. you have to pull together. several can pull together and try to deal with getting the recommendations and figure it out. because and figure out. the intention is what the first part says. they really do want to open up but you must understand that is not what the bureaucracy was brought up on so therefore, the instinct is protective and international companies must remember defining experience of modern india was the east india

company. which came to trade and took over the country. there is a reluctance. understand you can deal with the psychology a lot better and then you can do business and be very successful. >> a more tactical answer to that. we have a whole bunch of startups and actively invested in cybersecurity, there are venture-capital funds in silicon valley listed in several cybersecurity firms and their defining question is exposure to india and a lot don't have the exposure. having markets are essential for them and a lot of these firms, sometimes doesn't have to be your headache and to figure this out, to figure it out, it is

easy for the portfolio company and some time later i can make some introductions. >> manchester trade, quick response on huber. the indian taxi driver spent $5000 million for a medallion in new york so you introduce some similar regulation, we should go a little bit slower and ask serious questions. i do a lot of work on trade policies. the love and friendship you see exhibited here does not exist in trade policy between the us and india. the wto has not worked since 2007 because of a disagreement between india and the us in terms of traditional trade issues which is very much a shame because this is preventing the wto from working on new

issues you were discussing. my question or maybe it is a point, i am not sure. i go to a lot of trade policy meetings. your company's represent american companies but you never know anything about india. they are talking trade policies. the same things happen with the confederation of indian industries, cuts with india, people who know the trade policy are not the same people who are involved with this close relationship between the us and india. can you address these issues? i want to break the impasse in wto to move into the same issues you are discussing. you are the expert on everything. >> i'm not an expert on wto at

all. it doesn't come into that and we don't see trade values in so much affect right now. necessary onboard sites, really a shining bright spot. wto is beyond my subject matter. >> your point is well taken. negotiating trade policy tends to be people who are not necessarily the ones with firsthand experience of the market and business but that is the nature of all things, attempts at trying to regulate, regulators are not necessarily the people running businesses so there is room for a new strategy for both sides to discuss trade policy and a context in which the experience of people who trade but how does that work and

then demonstrate trade policies. quite a few questions on this side. let's do a tear. first question. >> ambassador for india and other countries but some of the earlier questions, there is a long way to go for the defining partnership of the 23rd is the 20that -- the 21st century. it is also one of the reasons for the glitch. starting on the -- in the us, the presence -- that dialogue. but there is no american quota

given as such numbers which will aid that process. americans who lived and worked in india, been in the embassies, wednesday come back they are much better, aiding the cultural dialogue, one of the missions that will be process or one of the other sectors but better and more profound and discerning, interest to the point that it becomes the defining partnership. thank you. >> here is a ge anecdote. if you caught the news, ge announced the current president and ceo is retiring. one of the big promoters of the us/india/ge relationship. and the announcement of jeff

immelt's retirements, there was reference to the new president john flannery coming from the healthcare business and jeff immelt explicitly recognized mister flannery's experience in india and other countries as helping tremendously in improving his offering as a top leader in the company, in part his progression toward president and ceo. from an anecdotal perspective your point is well taken and it is playing out as we move toward a new chairman and ceo of ge with deep experience and very formative time in his career and india. >> i am president of an aerospace company.

i presume the question might go to you. there was during the administration, the george w. bush administration there was a lot of cooperation between the united states and india. since then it has declined. and now the interest donald trump has and vice president pens has in space and stuff, would not be a good time to have cooperation between the countries, that is question number one and related to that, commercial interest, space x being an example so is there

collaboration between the companies. >> space collaboration is one of those unfulfilled potentials that needs to be addressed. as you know, israel was on the entities list for a long time and taken off and since then there has -- collaboration. on the indian space missions, the mars mission and the moon mission, a lot of collaboration with nasa. even recently, a few months ago india launched 104 satellites, 100 one of them were cubesats from an american company, startup. so that has opened up the door for commercial launches, big potential start of a new phase of cooperation. the new thing in the mix is

entrepreneurs in the space area. with the advent of space x and blue origin, a bunch of other space startups, the disruptive cost positions that india brings have been in sharp focus and it goes beyond israel, going into startup starting in india. a small team of young bright people, putting aircraft on the moon but unthinkable. i had the good fortune to visit them a few times, they make a difference, you are exactly right, we are facing an inflection point, cooperation on the space front. >> those who don't know, the indian space research organization. dental man in the middle, then we come back to the right side. >> feeding into that discussion

there are two emerging concept in education, would love to have a reaction from the panel. one is the new focused on apprenticeship programs that are coming from europe and all over the world. what is the taken india on that concept to do physical work? the other is moving from the far east, probably ahead on the use of the ability to affect the innovation side as well, general education, on the evolution of those two concepts between the us and india. >> let me continue onset. apprenticeship is fundamental especially looking at the gap between what is required and skills available. apprenticeship is the one bridge that can bridge the gap. the aircraft maintenance

engineers, india has 7000 engineers and 2150 of them isolated. 7000 graduated, 115 qualified, big gap, the gap can be covered by differential parameter. working with the minister of civilization and airlines to create a mission school, and an apprenticeship program to close the gap. second part of the question, the new technology, the internet has democratize the cycle, available to everyone. we saw a story about a young kids in india taking open courts for the it and wonderful development so the whole contest has become available. it is the best in the world so this is a way to drive that down to the impenetrable are part of

the country. a big change happening. >> last 2 questions in the middle. >> my name is julian kyle lewis. i study international education policy at american university in dc. we are looking at $9.2 billion in cuts to the education system program in the united states that will affect the stem programs in areas of math and science, engineering and computer science. once our students graduate with high-level degrees they are not being as respected as they once were. many countries like india don't really respect the american scholars with this expertise, what advice do you have for

students, in india, the united states with improvements could be made. >> situation is alarming, i think we are on the world's best education standards. one needs to be alarmed about, training skills for the future, that is the rituals and systems and societies we need to worry about in india and frankly stocks very often on a regular

basis, one of the biggest in the world, that is happening in the us as well. and hire people from colleges to get deployed and technologies, at times for us to work on. and employees worldwide and train them the next courses, what am i getting trained in, the united states, confident at all. what is misplaced. >> going to a four year college

graduate, and training the rest of the -- it is long gone. and to educate yourself and train yourself in the next we 10 years. and getting out of this expensive education, getting skills that will help you stay at the cutting-edge and able to learn and be inquisitive and develop over the next decades. >> needs to be abated early on. >> my name is veronica. and security corporation.

and it is -- the group here, india, security in the pacific region and exercise and policy. they give one comment and one question. my comment is i would like to increase, the indo pacific island expressly indonesia very sensitive that it is vulnerable, any destroyer to get into the indian ocean this.

and ask question, what issue planned for expansion in the indo pacific region, a strategic approach to support military exercise and maritime exercise in the indonesian and indian ocean so i hope from ge and other, technology or education, anything to support strategic cooperation. it is really helpful. >> a huge convergence -- us and india working closely with that

and reflection on that cooperation, aircraft -- indian navy or at the same time. that will never happen. it is giving them capabilities providing security. that is an important part of that. if there is more discussions for the defense trade initiative when -- by former secretary carter, focused around capabilities, exactly right. and thing to watch carefully and rebuilding on new success with the program. >> the announcement of the sale -- part of the maritime security

as part of the overall strategic outlook. as we close i would like to invite consideration of industry to speak and thank everyone on our behalf and for being such an interesting panel. i hope everybody in the audience has learned as much as i have learned from this discussion. >> thank you. on behalf of the confederation of industry i wanted to thank our partners for working with us on today's program, very special thanks, we can always rely on you to conduct these sessions in a skillful manner with a touch of humor. thank you, the dobson institute working hard, a great partner

for us to work with. also of course huge thanks to our distinguished panelists, appreciate you taking the time to be with us. being here from india and california. appreciate, when we are designing the program, the two way nature of the us india investment and job creation story, that came through, and for donald trump today. and outcome oriented visit. an op-ed in the wall street journal we had a chance to read it and work for the convergence of interest and values in our two countries, two important,

and skilled workers. and thank you again for all of you for being here today. >> thank you all very much. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> recently on c-span, williams college student zachary woods at

a senate judiciary committee meeting on free speech on college campuses. >> the president of union college canceled the speaker. days later the president and acted new speaker policies that made bringing speakers to campus and especially arduous process for my student group. what i find impermissible, undemocratic and antithetical, the intellectual character of the college i attend, the president's decision to disinvited speaker solely on the basis of his inflammatory remarks about race. >> the opioid crisis in the us. >> i was sitting next to the denver public library and and i said what i the issues you are facing at the denver public library? something like cyber security or access to books, she said we have people overdosing in the library every day, we need to get our librarians something to give it to people who have overdosed.

the denver public library. >> senator john mccain at the country hearing of deputy defense nominee patrick shanahan. >> we have an executive from one of the five major corporations that has corralled 90% of our defense budget and on one of the major issues that this committee has had hearings about, has had markups about, you want to find out more information. not a good beginning. not a good beginning before this committee. >> c-span programs available on c-span.org c-span.org or on our homepage or by visiting the c-span video library. >> this morning the senate judiciary committee committees the is considers reauthorization of the foreign intelligence

surveillance act. officials from the justice department and the fbi and the director of the office of national intelligence testify on capitol hill live starting at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span3. an additional 22 million americans will be uninsured while the federal deficit will be reduced by $321 billion over the next decade. we posted the bill on c-span.org and you can follow live senate coverage when members return at 2:00 eastern on c-span2 come online at c-span.org and on the free c-span radio apps. ohio republican governor john kasich and colorado's democratic governor john hicksinlooper, what the hell table means for the state, live at the press

come at 9:30 eastern on c-span2. senate democrats started their evening debate of the healthcare replacement bill at 6:15 p.m.. senator hirono started the debate talking about her recent diagnosis of kidney cancer and access to health care. >> we are one diagnosis away from having a serious illness. lots of us believe getting a serious illness is something that happens to other people. i was one of them. my moment of reckoning came two months ago during a routine physical, my doctor told me i have kidney cancer. it is a moment everyone dreads. i had health insurance which i was able to sit down with my doctors and decide how i would fight my cancer, not how i would pay for treatment. no one should have to worry about whether they can ad