in so far as it was developed at apple wouldn't have happened without the scores of people working around the clock. >> part of the story is the iphone was born as a software interaction paradigm was born behind his back. like i documented in the book, they started basically experimenting in this research. it was fun and it was wild kind of stuff. they had a crazy project read thaagreedthat they were using fr different products to create what would become the iphone. what do you think made them stand out from what they are doing?

i did a profile and a lot of it has to do with his early years most of which were not graced. he presided over a relative startup very difficult relationships with almost every investor he had and every enti entity. it was a motivated rage of that. i don't think necessarily -. it accounted fothat accounted f, ultimate success with due there would have been a less

controversial statement and i talk about in the book he's a stubborn, persistent, ruthless person and those things became important but the par that the e story that i think is interesting as part of the founding team that went completely belly up. it was an iteration of the technology and it was legitimate and they sol that they sold to corporations instead but it took forever to get going and then it was down to one person and ultimately he sold it for what nobody in the valley would consider a lot of money. and the point i was driving to is that's happened off the top of my head in 2008 i think.

i've been here since 1997 and i tend to know people that are modestly successful. i never knew him. i met him after it was starting to go up. i only point out to say he was not one of these a+ players by the time it came around, he was a player in that world that we could quickly name 20 people that are more important so there is a lot of luck involved. this was the right thing. i love all these references that simply isn't the case. >> not to take away from him but his idea was an important one that was around when they started operations, so he was the founder.

to ask members of congress what they are reading this summer. >> i intend to read different books. i love reading history about presidents and the fact the library of congress has a series where every so often they will bring in the author of a book on one of the president, the last one we had last week that happened to be on andrew jackson. so, they give you a book so there is a book that is signed by the author and i love reading those books. we've had different ones from lbj and andrew jackson but one of the books i want to read now is the geography of genius. why is that important? as an example why is it that you have the 21st century silicon valley separated by thousands of

miles but also thousands of years apart so you have this innovation creativity and now you look at the silicon valley also and have this innovation creativity so it looks into what happens and what is the catalyst in certain areas, so it is not only athyn and silicon valley but you have different cities and different continents and that's what's interesting to me. >> to focus on reading history books or do you have any other interest when you read the? >> i love history and i am also i have to say a sci-fi fan from reading the princess of mars many years ago to of course not only reading the books but also

think they turned it into the movie john parker to star trek and some of the other science-fiction but i love history and i know back in high school and college to me it was important because you look at it the wheel has been reinvented and it's a matter of rearranging things so you look at the discovery of things it's a lot of rearranging if you look at history there's a lot of ideas you come up now and create a new niche and come up with a new idea and therefore you sparked a new innovation and creativity whatever the area might be. >> what are some of the tools you are using so you can add reading into the schedule that iwhatis the sum of the innovatiu are using?

>> i love the ipad. there are different apps and so i always look at what's out there and one will give you summaries of books and you can either take the option of reading or do it by audio and then if you are interested in looking at the whole book but it will give you a snapshot and at the end it will give you the message what is the take away from this book and they had different things from humanities test plans so everyday i will give you something so those are the ways you've got to keep your mind active and especially somebody like myself where i have to go from foreign affairs to appropriations and then when you get on the airplane in flight from houston to

washington you spend a lot of time on the plane so this is where you use some of those to make sure you keep your mind active and at the same time you are constantly learning. send your reading list on booktv or insta graham at booktv or post it to the facebook page facebook.com/booktv.

former nixon white house aide pat buchanan. [inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon and welcome to the new nixon library. i am the president of the richard nixon foundation. we are honored to have several council members here today and a special member joining us today, shelley buchanan. [applause]