how do you feel now?. >> i am so glad to see all of you here. that is what matters each of you here to talk to another handful of people to spread the word. we have built something so terrible we have to figure out how to space build that. and i have been inspired the fact you are all here and i hope my book has provided hope but when i get comes from you. [applause]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> what about your kids? people ask that all over the place so if your kid say how can if you tell somebody is black if you cannot see them? the impulse is to say that's not true that they sound like southerners. everybody talks in different ways you should notre

stereotype. so your eye -- kid has the iq boeing were 40 they do not think it is stereotypes of what do you tell the kids? we need to get comfortable saying black people have a slightly different sound because they spend more time with one anotherbe like white people spend more time together and that is true of all human groups it is not racist it is true and harmless. there is not one way that viola davis sounds vs mccarthy but she definitely sounds black and i can tell you because she does the voice of a queen on the disney cartoon series. yes is in my houseve because i have small children. once i had my back turned and the queen said something i had never seen that character and that bell went off the queen is black.

i turned around i forget what she looks like but i went to see who was the queen. there is no special powers there is a black sound and i have a chapter about that in the book. they cannot talk that way a job interview. and talk about that complexity we should not block the language because you lock the speakers and then to say that is true they cannot talk that way at a job interview. nobody said they would. nobody needs to be told that. and why you get that response is a sense that we

often have an if you speak casually interferes with that for more variety. >> everybody thinks it is a mistake. but even if we understand the views that system that will keep you from using the standard that is the american perfectly understandable impression because our dialect diversity english has not been here 2,000 years like in england where different ways of w speaking have been doing this for much longer. america is 15 minutes old and the timeline i will not call it dialectic

diversification that sounds like a disease but not as much of this. so louisiana creole french literally some broken on the margins of the space and louisiana creole french is distinct and not very many people speak at. so those have a dialect that it is a different there is the of the space aspect. black is the most divergent but those that had any reason to hear. so what we've men to is living in two very different s dialects evade ordinary human experience in those regions will let interfere with the form of thing nobody is worried that speaksia decillion will use

that in a job interview so it in sicily i am not from that but if you roll the dice it would be considered a separate romance language. if you see the godfather by using sicilian rather than standard italian anybody that knows the territory and godfather. faa speak that standarder italian. with a threat and standard italian.

and in the most arab speaking countries. if they say arabic is latin and french the standard language then what they learned additional is something so different although often they feel funny to put it this way. is a different language. and then they go to school and learn when and. and then to say they are i bilingual but to say it is a threat to the standard arabic? no. and then to say this will

run five minutes but it dwells on standard arabic with the idea people need to let go of the egyptian it is the other way around. this isn't a term made a for the black people in the united states but with the idea that you learn something from your mother or father then go to school the same way of speaking is what your teachers used than that is on the printed page so everybody speaks that way so you have learned the standard formal way of speaking at home. that sounds so remote it sounds strange.

so every second person in the road would never dream to bns situation. that is more of the case up through 200 years ago. with that vernacular language. >> with that typical experience with family and friends. is rather different so if that is us domicile so that is to manage the. only not very many are written in the certain way. so black people have a

larger english than most white people. i wanted toks call one of my first books a larger english than they did not like that. [laughter] that i meant black people have more english so nobody will try to use black english at a job interview if we understand it is it okay for a speech but different. but there is a way that you speak here or another way that you speak there. it is not a problem.

. . walter isaacson's leonardo da vinci. former first daughters jenna bush hager and barbara pierce bush share their experiences growing up in the political spotlight in sisters first. ..

is. [inaudible conversations] >> and you're watching book tv on c-span2. live coverage from the texas book festival. starting in just a moment a discussion of drug cartels south of the border. [inaudible conversations] >> hello, and welcome to the 22nd annual texas book festival.

what a great crowd to join a discussion with three great books about three great books from three great authors. the texas book festival as you know is a nonprofit organization. its proceeds go to support low-income texas public school. the festival is also created the opportunity for book -- at each cash register you can donate $15 to help support harvey relief efforts, so please be generous and think about all the ways in which your attendance at the book festival can multiply your support to very important texas schools and victims of the disasters we've had this year. just a reminder to please silence your phones and that would be very much appreciated

it after the session, the three authors will be in the book tent to sign their books, so, again, we really encourage everyone to make your way over there and i'm sure after you've had the opportunity to hear them talk about their book, that we'll have a. >> strong presence in the book tent. so thank you very much. the book sales, by the way, are hosted by book people here in austin so we really appreciate their support. the panel, the three books, i'm going to introduce the authors in sequence. first is bloodline, the truth story of a drug cartel, the fbi and the battle for horse racing dynasty by melissa del bosque,

investigative force. her work has been featured in many places including marie f claire, guardian, time, united kingdom as well as msnbc, pbs and npr. she's currently a reporter for texas observer and atlanta and reporting fellow in the investigative fund. at the other end of the table is guadalupe corera cabrera, lose zetas, inc. criminal organization and civil war in méxico. the security studies at the university of texas rio grande valley -- >> not anymore.

i'm george mason university. >> currently at george mason university. thank you, i wished i had asked you that. >> sorry. >> she's the author of democracy in two méxicos, political institutions in oaxaca and nuevo león, frequent commentator in news media on drug trafficking issues and drug violence in méxico. she would also be a wilson fellow which as you know is the premier think tank for all things méxico. finally, we have epolito acosta which book in the deep shadows under covering the ruthless world of human smuggling is -- it's actually the second book that epolito has had at the festival. the third book, excuse me. i'm totally misinformed by my friends here.

epolito is a son of migrant workers, highly-decorated officers in the u.s. immigration naturalization service, the author pulitzer, agent and with erwin. so the three books are really well selected for this panel. i was really excited at the opportunity to be the moderator. there are so many linkages between the two works. i thought we would start with each of you asking you to give us a short summary of the book and what brought you to this topic. you want to start melissa? >> sure, well, i have been writing about the border of méxico for some years and it's hard to get people to care about

it, i guess, it feels like and so much going on in the world right now, i mean, in our own government, you know, it's like the one-hour news cycle now so we had this big trial here in austin in 2013 with the fbi and irs of money laundering scheme through american court and we had some of the founding members of the zetas cartel who were going to testify in the trial and the zetas are a new kind of criminal organization, 21st century cartel in méxico. their military, special force, soldiers who deserted and then ended up forming their own cartels so they used military training, military weaponry and when they got involved in the beginning of the century in the

drug-war conflict, the violence really spiraled even more out of control in méxico and on the border. so i was reporting around this specially in 20120 when they split off from the gulf cartel and in reynosa, tamaulipas which is right across mcallen and brownsville, what happened -- the trial, the narrative is a nice way through this sort of crime detective story tell the larger story of what's happening in the conflict, politics and organized crime in méxico and hopefully you have people interested in not normally want to read about that, they might want to read this really compelling investigation, so that's kind of how i got started on it.

>> hipolito. >> i'm honored to be here. i bring a unique perspective. i have a federal agent for more than 30 years, i was born and raised along the tex-mex border. i had the honor of serving our country 13 years in commission including eight years where i served as an agent with our missions in cuida juárez, monterrey, méxico city, the largest human cartels in the united states, i posed as smuggler, migrants coming to the united states searching for a better way of life, i was thrown in a mexican jail where my identity was revealed to the human smugglers that i was operating with and i barely escaped or was able to get out with my life. i'm pleased to share a lot of

the stories that the success stories that we had during those years of children being smuggled into the country, human smugglers outside of the united states, not only hispanic migrants, central america, south america, the far east, pakistan, india, and so i hope you will take a little bit of time to look at the stories and i hope reflects a little bit on what some of our agents are doing every day protecting our country and i'm grateful to be here. it's hipolito. [laughter] >> very much hipolito. >> real-time fact-checking. >> hello, first of all, honor to be here. i appreciate that all of you came to listen to our stories. i start today write this book when i was working at the border just on the other side, there was the city of matamores and

brownsville. i used to teach@the university of brownsville, now it's the texas rio grande valley university. there was a very important conflict of what's happening on the other side that we have never imagined. i had an encounter with a zetas that i didn't understand and as many other mexicans i was borned and raised in méxico, born and raised in méxico city but my family comes from another state of méxico and my father was -- was threatened by them and was asked to pay extortion fees in the year 2006 and he and my brother had to leave their land at the time and i didn't know how to -- how to understand that, but it was not the time that i was interested in -- in writing about this. it was when i went to brownsville and when the war

started, i just arrived there when the war between the zetas and the gulf cartel started in the year 2010. i arrived in 2009 and my students start today come to my classroom, some of them saying that they were not going to attend class again because their participants were kidnapped or paying extortion fees and that connected me and to their stories. in 2010 to listen about what was happening, the violence elevated to levels we never imagined, we started knowing about heads being thrown or bodies, corpses, and 72 migrants that were found killed in a ranch just some miles from where i was living at and therefore there was an opportunity for -- for me to understand what was taking place and i understood that the narrative that the government of méxico was -- was having -- i mean, that it was like a fight between the good and the bad,

that this was about criminal organizations that were distributing everything and not necessarily what was happening and i analyzed and i wanted to analyzed the structure of the criminal organization from the beginning, from its origin and it was born exactly on the other side because the organization that gave birth to this organization was born in matamores, the cartel of matamoros. the gulf cartel. it was easy to form a group of networks and i understood that this organization works like a criminal corporation and -- and there's many players that we don't talk about government story piece, governments of other countries and the responses to this type of violence in the -- in the end have other winners and i explained what the businesses that are illegal also benefit other businesses or transnational companies that are involved in the creation of energy particularly in hydrocarbon sector. from a personal story, i'm from

a desire to understand what was taking place at the moment that i didn't understand, some other conclusions came, this is the product of seven years of work. at the border and understanding and speaking english and spanish helped know conduct all of this interviews with the actors. and i thank you for being here and i'm very grateful. >> so -- [applause] >> i'm going to do a quick follow-up with you guadalupe and ask you to describe because the zetas occupy a very unique place and the mexican organized crime and i wonder if you can describe to the audience, what was the concept, what allowed the zetaa

-- zetas, side man, sub said. -- subsidiary to the gulf cartel, what came to that? >> one of the main points of the book is that the zetas transformed the face of organized crime, i alleged in méxico and probably in western hemisphere. this is my thesis because the involvement of military tactics, armed caliber and logical of operation as military group transformed the whole panorama of organized crime. we are not talking about truck cartel and drug trafficking organization. we are talking about an organization that because of this access to military training, to high caliber of magnitudes that we have never imagined, we have -- they have the capacity of extracting rent

in every illegal business. it's very important to understand that today we are not talking about drugs only, we are talking about extortion, we are talking about other illegal activities that at some point there were certain groups that -- that were involved in this criminal activities and all legal policization of illegal activities that where possible because of this -- now this military logic that at the same time this military logic, at the control of territories of big amount of territory that were not necessarily drug routes. sometimes coincided with the drug routes but the control of territories of this organization -- i mean, extended to other parts of méxico and they started dominating half of the country and the model that they incorporated to other organizations like la familia

michoacana of michoacán and not only that, but the response of government with the military to this new militarized model that generated the war that --ly call it the civil war, how two armies in a territory encounter themselves and displace massive amounts of people that in the end benefit other actors, national actors, producing companies, the transnational financial sector and the military industrial complex and transnational companies that are involved in the energy sector because it's territories as happened to be territories that concentrate important amounts of natural resources and that are related to the creation of energy. not only hydrocarbon, natural gas, but water, coal, they have

a logic that i tried to show in the book and i try to show where maps where this -- this -- this control of territories, so they changed the whole logic of criminal activities in the country and i nealg -- allege in the western hemisphere. >> thank you. i wanted to ask melissa and hipolito, so your books, you have a character who is the accountant -- >> well, i don't know if he would characterize himself that way. he's a prosecutor. >> he goes through a mountain of words and trying to figure out the money laundering. >> right. >> he's basically a guy who's in the offices of a law enforcement

agency and at the other end of the spectrum you have people like hipolito who are on the ground who are going undercover, who are truly in the raw mix of this stuff and what i want toed ask both of you to see if you could speak to is that spectrum of law enforcement when it comes to mexican organize crime because plays an important role in -- in making impossible to prosecute these guys and hipolito in the evidence that you talked about critical role and apprehension and comprehension of the criminals. talk about law enforcement in terms of the multiple arms or strategies that are involved to really make it work.

>> you want to start? >> sure. i think the -- there are many different facets of investigation. i identified different members of cartel, narcotics, finding the avenues to be able to go in and sell yourself as a crook while still having to operate within our rules and regulations because even if you're undercover you cannot break your own laws so you have to be very careful. you want to make sure that we are able to get our hands on the individuals that are criminals, for example, in my second book, two of the major targets were in nicaragua and never been able to get somebody from nicaragua. one of them is a british citizen and the other from el salvador. i had to set up what we call a rendition and i personally went into nicaragua, worked by myself

without backup and any weapons and successfully bringing them to the united states to justice. so you have evidence gathering that that particular case we have a money laundering statute that we are trying to enforce, first criminal wire, wired tap for the agency, so ricardo, you're entirely right, there's so many different things that an agent goes through and i have a unique perspective and normally you have nowadays i'm glad to say the agency has a lot of agents to work on this, many of the cases that i did i was either working by myself or one or two fellow agents, for example u i was undercover by myself in ecuador, in central american countries, something that we will not permit nowadays because of safeguard, so there's a lot of different basic that is you go into the perspective. when you have to build the case from the bottom up after you develop the information, make

sure that everything you do it, you do it correctly, gather the evidence, you write it up and ultimately to be successful in prosecuting the individual and i'm proud to say that every single defendant that i arrested was convicted on case that i did. [applause] >> well, i think writing this book and spending time with the investigators i really got an appreciation and understanding of how difficult it is to prosecute on money laundering because of nature of money, circular, you know, form that it comes in is they send the drugs here and the market is here, where the money comes from, the money goes back to méxico, so what they had to prove was buying of the corridor horses,

they had to prove that the money had come from drugs but how do you do that when you're using mexican business who is are legitimate businesses but they are commingling the funds with this drug money and the mexican businesses are not going to just hand over all their records and say, here, take a look, you know. the irs has -- they can formally request records through mexican banks and so forth, but most often they don't get any response and i mean, i hear it happens, it works both ways, méxico will ask for stuff from here and they won't get it either and it becomes a real challenge to prove the underlying criminal activity that would link to the money that they were use to go buy the horses and all the people that were involved down to like people who were taking the horses out to get them warmed up and so forth knew they were part of a criminal conspiracy, so it

becomes a very challenging case and steve, who ricardo refer today as a -- referred to runs a task force, he does drug cases i-35 all the way from dallas down to laredo and so he just has a sort of knowledge of criminal organizations and groups over the years who have been involved in running money up and down selling drugs, so he did -- he took a sort of more unusual attack in unraveling the conspiracy in his knowledge of all the past cases with the

trevinos, in jail outside of méxico, outside of mexico city but the family is from a laredo and dallas. so he was able to, you know, with a lot of other investigators, it was pretty pain-staking involving tons and tons of documents and also witness testimonies and it took about three years and then another five years for all the various trials and appeals, so, you know, that's eight years and a lot of resources poured into -- into money laundering investigation, so, yeah, because i always think, we need to do more, you know, why don't we do more of these investigations and now i understand how difficult they are, so -- [laughter] >> yeah, i respect to those guys. >> so here is a question i've been dying to ask which is and this is specially appropriate because this is the texas book

festival, why horses? so your character my -- pineda is fascinated with horses out of juárez, right? he -- he -- i think he comes to new mexico, he's really engaged in it. >> carlos perea. >> perea, right. of course, your whole book melissa is about fascination, i mean, millions and millions of dollars being poured into horses, right? >> yeah. >> so can you talk a little bit -- it's kind of a perky thing, right? i don't think the mafia was into horses but while we do have the severed of heads. [laughter] >> if you can talk about that, you can jump in as well, guadalupe, so -- >> yeah, i mean, it's a total status symbol and it's a great type of asset to launder money

through. i mean, there's minimal paperwork, some of the horses go for a million dollars at auction and when you breed them you can sell, you know, the offspring for hundreds of thousands of dollars. it's a very expensive industry to invest in but if you have that kind of disposable income, i mean, it's a status thing, all the kingpins run horses against each other at races, you know, in méxico, at least they used to. i think -- you could probably comment more on that, it's probably less likely now with the conflict going on but, yeah, it's a very appealing investment for guys that have it all -- have everything they want already anyway. [laughter] >> hipolito. >> growing up along the border, as a matter of fact my brother who is here use today love to racehorses and there was -- we

were aficionados, if you will, for folks along the tex-mex border where it's a passion with horse races and we have seen with the cartels even a few years back, some of the members of los zetas that were arrested after purchasing horses in the united states that were worth millions of dollars and i think it's a -- it's a support that people get into, it's a very extensive sport and attracts a lot of attention but there's a passion for doing that and melissa is entirely right, it's a status symbol when you do something like that. there's all those factors go into play when you have that type of activity. >> guadalupe, you want to add something to that? >> well, i don't write about horses but i have a comment to make that we are talking about regular people and the way that i see this organization is not like this -- this drug lords or these people -- they are people

and they find -- i mean, they find a job in this criminal group that benefits further interest, but at the same time we are talking about people that are conducting their own activities and horses is something about texas and it's related to people that find jobs in the crime -- criminal groups. ricardo, guadalupe mentioned something about evolution of the book of how cartels changed over the years. do you remember the late 1990's, juan guerra in matamores, dispense favors to people that would show up at his location. things have changed and guadalupe talks about this in her book. that's one of the differences with the cartels, the evolution of what has happened where it's no longer one godfather, dispensing favors, now you're talking about businesses, bankers and so there's a whole

set of different characters that come into play now inside the cartels. >> and that's the corporate framework that guadalupe fleshes out in her book, right? >> exactly, and this coincided with other processes globalization and democratization, at the same time that this was happening in early 1990's and end of 20th century, we observed the processes of globalization and democratization coming together and how democratickization in méxico -- the process itself allowed this structure to change and the control that the party in power at the time exercised over all the criminal activity. so, yes, not only they -- they look more as more sophisticated companies, companies that are globalized, that involve, you know, different areas, different structures, more like a corporation, not only a business. they have always been irregular

businesses but the logic has become much more complex and involved now technology and involves much more people like a corporation. so i try to -- i mean, to compare different types of companies and different sectors, for example u companies like exxon mobile or companies that provide private security services, how nice with this new framework that not just includes one company but a corporation but other companies and how money -- like money is managed in the financial sector, this new organization -- this organization with this new logic operate as these corporation that is i'm trying, that i analyze in the book. .. ..

in terms of censorship it is intense, and when i was over there in 2010 and this is right after i mentioned earlier when i was broke off from the cartel i was working on an immigration story and i was working on a story about mexican children who were being repatriated unlike the central american kids they're not kept in -- detention cells they're immediately kick back into border cities and i thought what is going on with all of these

kids who are being kicked back into the middle of this conflict. you know, i thought well i'm doing an immigration story i'm not doing a cartel story soy won't have any trouble with these guys when i'm over there. but i was wrong. i went to the migrant shelter and started talking to the people who were inside the shelter and this is a shelter that is run by catholic nuns and they said we cannot leave we will be kidnapped the kidnappers are right outside. and i remember looking up and there was a building right next door with a ledge and there were a bunch of men standing there watching us in black and they were just like looking down into the shelter i thought oh, my god. so i ran into a journalist that i had used to work with because i used to work at the monitor in like -- around 2000, and covered the elections, and i was trying to reach central american kids. and i used to be able to find

them back in 2000 and this was 2010 and everything was completely different and i was looking for -- he said i can help you but i have to ask the cartel first. and i was like oh, great. well if they don't already know i'm here which they probably do at this point because i was going in and out every day for two weeks. i thought oh, my god -- and i didn't know what to tell him and he said he just told me what the situation was we have to run it past them and they tell us if it is okay or not, and i was like well, let me think about it. and then i had to go home and decide whether i was going to follow up with him or not and i decided at that point just to cut and run i was like i'm not, not equipped for this u you know this has more like skillset you would need for covering conflict overseas and i'm a domestic reporter or so that was like my wakeup call you know because i was talking to it a person i had worked -- >> that was you in war zone

incase -- >> so, i mean, i knew this guy pretty well, and he's like the deal, and i was like oh, my god e he told me the situation with all of the newspapers there that you didn't do anything, and they actually even assigned people to the newspaper and who tell them this is what you can write about and this is what you can't write about and they have total control over like -- what comes out. >> we're going to move to question and answer with the audience so if you all have questions if you would come up to the microphones please we have about 12 minutes or so for that, and then we will have some concluding remarks. >> thank you. if you would keep your questions brief and please make sure they're questions and not -- statements. [laughter] yeah, thank you. >> for most of us our most direct involvement with cartels is the movies. what do they get right and what do they get wrong?

in your opinion? >> that might be a question for you. >> one getting wrong, one of the things that the movies 630 o minutes to 180 minutes done ratter quickly and by the way, gives me an opportunity to say that all three of my books have been booked up by producers in hollywood so hopefully we'll get a chance to see some of the good things on those particular events. but look i think -- there's a lot of, you know, they have to cut back into the going into play. there's a lot of dramatization on some of the things that are done and some of the things that the way that overcover agents are portrayed i think also you know we have a cartel presence in the united states throughout and i'm sure by coauthors will tell you that we have members of every single cartel all the way through united states including austin, with texas, here so you know what had i think that whole story is not told the way it should be told and it is very difficult.

but you can read it in my book and they'll tell you the right story. [laughter] >> i'm sure there are drug cartels throughout the world. but why did this seem that mexican cartels are particularly vicious with beheadings and the gruesomeness with which they operate? >> that's a good one for you. >> well -- this is, this is something that is relatively new. this is why i am -- why i was i said this setup transform all states of organize od crime in mexico and in the western hemisphere. you know, drug cartels are paraded under the logic of businesses. they didn't allow truck detention their lodger to sell drugs to the united states there are markets. there's ab important market in the united states. i mean, money -- let's a money making machine here. however, the lodge pick change when is they incorporated special forces of the mexican army into a business to protect

certain cartel to protect a certain where a lot of drugs were pass by the city -- [inaudible conversations] corridor, and like this new logic of military station people that were not like necessarily drug traffickers that were involved in military operation at some point so the viciousness and the level of violence you know -- you know was completely -- and they use violence because of this new logic of extrorgs, i mean, they have to exercise violation to others to make you -- to make you pay extortion fee because they needed to make -- the violent approaches credible so if you don't pay extortion fee i'll kill you and kill your family and i'm able to do that so i throw and i show buddies in order to continue the operation. it's part of the logic of a market being -- like aria in a business. right you utilize violence to really, you know -- extract rent. this is something new.

>> and they -- they said a message i think that's the purpose of that particular viciousness. there's no doubt what's going to happen, and they show it in real, real time that's the issue with the drug cartels by the way, here in the united states many years ago. there was a lot of violence in the early 1900s as well very public because they were protecting, trying to gain more, and that's i don't think it is at a different in mexico and in other parts of latin america by the way. >> if i make small comment that this is not only about drugs. we call them drug cartels but they are expanding their -- their criminal afnghts and we are not utilizing some times the correct label or the correct understanding to -- i mean, to understand really what this group is all about. also the larger thing to countries yes drug cartel in countries but they operate differently considering state of

official development and powfort state. in the united states they don't operate with violence and viciousness if they operate in mexico because of corruption levels in mexico because the state of mexico the state is weak. here law enforcement exist, and so i don't believe that we need to be so much worried as in mexico. >> thank you all for coming sounds like this is a very complicated issue, how do you see progress moving forward currently or in the future to try to make things i guess more peaceful. >> i think they really need to crack down on corruption and i think corruption in mexico is part of the violence and of the conflict. and you know, here in texas we have a lot of former mexican governors who are living here on the land stoinl,wood lands, funneling a lot of money through real estate, and other assets ie

united states i think those people need to be brought to justice. i'm not sure that will ever happen but they need to send a mnldz at the very top that corruption won't be tolerated and then i think it shall that could start, you know, some truth and reconciliation in the conflict. >> let me just add by the way, there's a lot of different things. but we in our country have a appetites for drugs. so what happens in the late -- 1990ss i think there was like 300 million tons of coin being brought into the united states which represents tremendous amount of huge amount of money to be made out there. we can make it harder as law enforcement officers and the price goes up, and they continue to do it. so i don't know what the easy answer is. but i think it takes work at all different in all dirveght areas.

>> i want to know how close are the cartels to gaining political control of mexico and say -- some of the central american countries? well so until places they're one in the same no that's already happens that's the problem is that -- they say choose who runs for office, and you know, it's like gangster politics. >> don't you think there are differences in different parts of the country to extend to which that's a fact. >> i don't to say that for every single state in mexico. but i would certainly say that for the state of cruise, tom lisa. >> what about the national government? >> where the violence is the high fest right now. >> what about the national government? >> well, i don't know. [laughter] >> i just want to --

i want to try to spued to this question, i mean, we cannot talk about united states. we have to talk about corruption at the highest levels of the state government and maybe connections with the federal government. and money that is activity shows by court by some of the public officials. it is. but at the same time we are talking about, i mean, turning a blind eye on all of this money that moves through u national system of this country. so it's much more complex. we're not talking about total like, like the structure of the mexico federal government like -- benefiting activity per se but highest level of corporation that we have probably ever seen in mexico government today. because of the -- because of, of course, the processes and the involvement of governors of this current president protecting this cartel and everybody protecting

themselves. but we're talking about people and we're talking about much more complicated businesses that also are supported by the consumption of drugs in the country also by the movement of money in financial system of this country so this is much more complex, and movement of money involves all kinds of corrupt authorities or those that turn a blinked eye on this afnght. >> we have time for one last question. if it will be brief and ping we'll need brief answers as well so thank you. [inaudible conversations] which exist in the united states -- >> so for a consumer -- [inaudible conversations] [speaking spanish] >> we talk a lot about drugs but the consumption is here, and how

are kilos turned into smaller units of sales i guess. [laughter] >> yeah. but not enough in mexico -- for consumer -- [speaking spanish] >> okay. >> so are there programs many our schools in in the united states to help kids and people in america from consuming drugs at the rate that we've been consuming them that are at the heart of this problem ? this briefly respond -- >> i will share that one of the statements that i made it was that we have an appetite in the united states for drugs. and as a consequence cartels

drugs into the country because of the high level it is of money or that are involved. [inaudible conversations] secondly we have officers working each and every day to try to cope our streets safe. we have a long way to go. we have a cartel presence in the united states and for all 1500 cities throughout the country so we know that that has evolved not only from mexican citizens, united states citizens, legal residents of the united states. and -- [inaudible conversations] [speaking spanish] members of the cartel -- also in dallas and chicago i participated in arrest of a gentleman -- that i talk about in this book

more than 40 years ago for delivery of 13 pounds of heroin right now he's two sons that were born right after i arrested him are in the federal penitentiary used as witnesses against el chapo continued over the years. >> we have to stop there. thank you. [applause] it's been a real pleasure having these three authors my name is rick consider doe director of the mexico center at the university of texas. and melissa -- [speaking spanish] i want to thank everybody to book signing tent where authors are eager and waiting for you. thank you very much. [applause]

[silence] and booktv live coverage of the texas book festival will continue in just a few minutes. up next the final author discussion of the day, it's software engineer ellen who is talking about changes in technology. stay tuned for more live coverage in austin in just a minute.

here's a look at books that are published this week. best selling for robert explores political life of franklin d. roosevelt obama takes an inside look at the presidency of barack obama through the lens of former chief white house photographer pete and playing with fire, msnbc recounts the 1968 presidential election. and former democratic national committee chair donna brazil reflects on russian hacking of the dnc and the 2016 election in hacks. also being published this week, in 8 seconds of courage captain recalls his military career from his childhood in paris to being awarded congressional medal of honor in 2015 first grant to receive honor since the vietnam war. in president mckinley historian

robert mary looks at legacy of the 25th president. former cbs news anchor shares thoughts on patriotism in what units us. and in when the world seemed new jeffrey ang physical examines president george h.w bush looking for titles in book stores this coming week and watch for many of the authors in the near future on booktv on c-span2. >> honored to speak with you and many of your books as one of our most beloved and noted historian. can you comment on the most recent elevated efforts to take down our national statues those that have been withstood time for 150 years. thank you. >> well, i started this very complicated and emotionally charged issue. i think that when the statue was

built about when the emphasis was created in memory of someone, has a great deal to do with whether or not it is something that may be hard to come down. the statue to the hero of the confederacy put up many the 1890s were being put up at a time when racism was rampant in the south. when black people were being hanged by mobs. it was an ugly awful time on the ideal of a equality in our country. if it was a monument erected as per george washington who owns slaves, and it was long well before the civil war they be i say no. that's how they felt about the subject then was very different.

keep in mind the civil war was fought on the principle that slavery had to stop. slavery was evil and those brought against that were saying no slavery is all right. it can last. it can stay. that's very, very different. if we lost more human beings in that war than any war we've ever been involved with, and to ignore that as one side was right and the other was wrong, is to live in the kind of haze of romantism and i'm more concerned about the monument statues we have. here we are in our in this case's capitol and there's no monument no building in the memory of john adams. one of the most important figures in all of our history. so we ought to be thinking more about the people for whom we should be honoring.

i think there ought to be stat chews to the most gifted and devoted and important and influential teachers in our country in every city we have. and every town because they are doing the most important work of any of us. and they have been doing it all along. and they don't get enough credit it's not that they're not paid enough. we don't celebrate them enough for what they do for all of us. for our children -- our grandchildren, and for us. you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. booktv is on twitter and facebook , and we want to hear from you, tweet pus, twitter.com/booktv or post a comment on our facebook page. facebook.com/booktv. >> i want to talk about the future of technology and that portion of the conversation actually starts in an unexpected

place you're with your son he was born with scree brawl palsy he writes in detail about your early struggle with this but it has totally changed jr. outlook on the world, on technology on your life walk us through that if you would. >> yeah, as they know if i was born when i was 29 years old -- and his book perhaps more than anything else has shaped a lot of who i am perhaps today as especially probably one of the more harder parse of writing in the book to go back to reflect on it. in more concrete terms. as to what he is taught me. and as a 29-year-old with, you know, both my wife and me, you know we were only children of our parents so when zane was about to be born all exciting in the house and we were looking forward to him, and ready and whether we would get become to her work or how quickly can she get back to her work as architect which she had just started but, of course, that

night when he was born everything changed born -- with with severe brain damage which was led subsequent palsy and not laid out plans of mine as sort of a -- , youyou know a mid-level or o mid-level engineer at microsoft, were all sort of out of the window. i needed to sort of recap recall brit and why is this happening to us and he but only by watching my wife who even after recovering from her c-section was driving zane up and down bridges here to get him to therapies. and give 4eu78 him the best shot and that's what perhaps really got me out of o my stooper and said okay what do i as a father have to do and over the years we've been blessed in in community -- whether it's the children's

hospital. the speech therapist physical therapist and community around us and the connections and the role of technology things have gone through many, you know, soofort hardships you know medical sort swharnlings have yd one incident that i remember one day i was sitting waiting for him to come out of his surgery room, and then all of the equipment around me that a lot of that was window. and i was saying hey, all better work. and you know gave me the feeling of the understanding of the responsibilities of a platform company. a technology company because that's one of the things that's very unique about microsoft in every power grids we're in every hospital we're in every critical part of our society and our economy. and we have to take that

responsibility very, very seriously. >> how is this shaped your views on the accessibility of technology and making sure is that everyone can access the power of innovation? >> and to me -- my personal life is a great influence on what i think about the technology but one of the things that i'm seeing inside of microsoft is this universal design and in accessibility as a real driver of true innovation and one of the apps that we launched recently which uses cutting edge e.i. in cloud or computer vision and gives anybody with visual impairment of capability to see, in fact, angela is coworker of mine who i had worked with really early on was telling me this story of how

she now can go in to our own in microsoft order with confidence to see the food, read the ingredients and walk into concert rooms we have braille rearsd but issue is she wants to walk into the conference room knowing that that's the right one and not barge into something that's not the one that she needs and she can do that now with confident so she can fully participate she's empowered through a. an app called seeing you can hold it up to the world that ifs people who will tell you approximate age of somebody like a petry dish that is really cool. >> really cool, in fact, going to try to make it like rxz currency it is awesome. it just it gives people a more empowerment who need it. similarly like a learning tool

like we have some amazing technology around reading which now makes for the eye can change outcome with one in one note you have learning tools that kids or anyone can start, you know, reading faster, better, more comprehend text. steve came to a group of passionate people sort of said what can we do for a station who has the ability to move has eye gaze but all of the other muscles can't be moved but can they communicate and so now we have in windows ten, in fact, in the fall creators update, eye gaze is is input mechanism so i feel one of the things that the unlock is is the fundamental recognition that it's not just about accessibility as ap technology, in fact, many hicksically in microsoft think of it as wow, this is something that you do as assistive

technology. and as a nearby as something that you do on top of having built the product. but the reality is, that one thing that is truly all for all of us is at some point in our life, we all really need something with some sense of ours. and with the universal truth that we can help everybody and that's what i think we're trying to involve in the beauty it is that it is not some top down thing quite frankly it is much more if you look at our hack-a-thon but they don't end with just that one week we do but it takes life after that. we're passionate. and we have a long distance to cover. but what that can mean for accessibility and mixed reality can mean for accessibility and frontier and make it a better company and device for the company and better