medicine. it's not only sequencing genome for less than $1,000, but now you can measure so many things. and by putting all these things together, the power being able to precisely predict of what to treat when to treat is amazing. so when you think about this -- and i put this slide for mahmoud khan, but he's not here. he and i are good friends. i put down prevention is important. of and the bottom of the slide is neutral genomics. it's already happening. that is, you given to say what drug do you take, can you measure your response to a diet, can you look at genetic profile to decide the what diet would be most useful for you. i want to illustrate three diseases where these things are being applied and then get to, in fact, the whole issue of data and artificial intelligence. so heart disease, cancer and aging. in heart disease there's a whole

slew of new drugs, new imaging and new ways in which of approaching. but importantly, i want to point out the following: the devices. there's an amazing set of devices which are already deployed in the operating room and in clinics and also remotely. the hybrid operating room -- how many people have heard of hybrid operating room? probably nobody. so hybrid operating room is the ability which you can image the patient on the o.r. at the same time doing surgery. now, it used to be we'd take an x-ray, put it up there, go and look at a patient, go back and look at the x-ray. now you can do this not only in surgery, but imagine doing it in cancer. you'd be able to know exactly where the margin is and whether you've excised the cancer totally by doing imaging at the time of the operating room. robotics, we have discussed. and, to of course, there are now

ability to have pacemakers without leads. and also using, in fact, remote sensing, you can also do echo-ultrasound and actually being able to follow your cardiac rhythm in realtime. in cancer with the ability to sequence the genome, every cancer, as you know, is made of a thousand different genetic mutations, but of the specific one mutation you can target drugs. so when you can see on the left side is a series of targeted therapy. but importantly, the breakthrough that you all read about is immunotherapy, that is the ability to harness your immune system to fight your cancer. what cancers produce are signals to immune system that make them weak. and now we know what those signals are. it's called checkpoints. by blocking the checkpoints, the immunosystem is wrapped up, and now you find treating

non-treatable lymphoma and many other areas. and because you all read about gene therapy, that is being able to genetically manipulate your immune system to fight cancer. finally, liquid biopsy. you don't have to take a real biopsy. you can take a blood and begin to measure what's circling in the blood, dna and others to look at whether you have cancer, early cancer cells or not. all this is realtime, and it's happening right now. aging. imagine thinking about robotics, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, remote monitoring. this is just an amazing area by which technology -- we know genes that can lead to long life, that technology between biology and technology engineering can be brought to the home of elderly and being able to greatly enhance the quality of life enables them to work effectively. so finally, the big issue, of course, is the ability to take

data in and convert it into useful information. so we, in our field we call big data as many others and, of course, artificial intelligence. look at the list on the right corner. huge amount of things as you heard, electronic health record, many other information you can collect, huge data with data analytics can begin to provide you information and evidence of what to treat, how to treat a patient and to make new ways of approaching treatment. on the left-hand side is artificial intelligence. they are about to turn that into machine learning, networks that can do a lot of things. so i have to say i don't fully agree with the earlier speaker that it's about repetitive action. artificial intelligence can read radiology, pathology, they can actually outdo the human ability, reducing human error. and i think this will actually greatly transform medicine.

so what do i expect? i expect data and technology will greatly change the way we do care, engage patients to be sure -- i agree with jeffrey on that point -- and certainly, health care operations, research and many others. so i'd like to just end by saying what's the future of health care? the question is where is care given, where is care delivered, who can deliver the care and who is, in fact, making the diagnosis, who is making -- assisting clinical decision and how to improve productivity. all those you won't have time to see those words can be accessed in the future using big data and artificial intelligence. so this slide shows you that, in fact, as jeffrey said, patients can actually play a very big role. the patients in terms of being able to -- imagine doing a retina selfie. actually, there's a company that's going that right now.

you can manage, look at whether your diabetic disease is under control or not, to look at, in fact, end gauging yourself in -- engaging yourself in decisions making and others. so i've shown you here that you can see nora. nora is an intelligent assistant that can help you do almost everything; making decisions, purchasing, but also helping you engage your health. it's not the nudging thing he talked about. it's actually your assistance. it's part of you that can help you to move forward with decisions. so i'll say the implication of all those is that we are at the edge we can cure disease. if not greatly treat a host of disease. we have new knowledge and ed alooking -- evidence applying power to help disease, we can understand the social factors that influence disease, seamless care, change the way care is delivered and assist in perm health care decisions. now, what's the implication?

i think this is where the issue is. first, patient have to own this. trust is an important issue. patient engagement. second, do we have the right work force. it's a very different type of work force in terms of training. we need a lot of people that know how to use data and how to, in fact, and very worried as has been said by earlier speaker, does that replace physicians? does it create burnout? i just came from meeting on electronic health record, and every doctor says i'm spending 50% more time doing records than speaking with patient. and regulation, what's the fda regulatory framework? cost. we're also worried about this driving up the cost. will technology eventually drive down the cost because, as we've seen in many other areas, reimbursement, access? are we going to create greater and greater separation between those who have the money and those who do not have the means

and, therefore, many social implications. work force. we need a lot more systems engineering, beta science, team science, social scientists and communication. a very different world than doctors only whether it's marcus welby or nurses. with we needs teams of -- we need teams of doctors. if you look down even as soon as 12 years, i think we're going to see medical and technological breakthroughs and advances that will provide just amazing tools and approaches to transform health and medicine. and health and health care will be better connected, more precise, more democratizedded, patients will own it, people-centered with better outcomes. but the challenge is going to be are we ready for it. therefore, what does the pace of adoption of this new technology?

how do you pay for the rising cost of care, and how do you actually prevent the inequity that may emerge from all of this? so i would say, certainly, leveraging, incentivizing public/private investment in this area is very important. where's u.s. in this? well, all you have to hear the news about repeal, repair of this problem we face, we can get beyond this political argument of coverage to get into really health care and to optimize it. artificial intelligence, i say that china, many others are ahead of us. unless we say we're the best health care system in the country, we need to actually pull them all together for the patient to make it more affordable. thank you very much. [applause] thank you. >> thank you, dr.dzau.

we all require sleep, and i have to note you've just come in from japan on this presentation, so thank you very much. hope you get a little rest. [laughter] [applause] and our final innovation conversation this afternoon, we're going to hear from mr. george fisher, senior vice president and the group president of verizon enterprise solutions, and east going to -- he's going to answer a really simple question, is america cyber resilient? why does this matter? well, it matters for a lot of reasons. for example, in 2021 cyber crime will cost the world $6 trillion annually. that's double the cost of cyber crime in 2016. and each individual attacked represents significant costs for organizations whether they're small or large. and as the manufacturing industry increases its own reliance upon the internet of things such as the cloud-enabled internet, big day to, it's simultaneously opening itself up to and making itself vulnerable to cyber attacks. currently, the manufacturing sector is the second most

cyber-taked sector in our economy right behind health care. and these vulnerables really affect the competitiveness and long-term productivity of the entire nation. so, george, please welcome to the stage and thank you for sharing your insights. [applause] >> thank you. i will not give you bitcoin back, but i'll give you some time back. [laughter] first of all, my apologies. my partner in climb today, steve, had to take a west coast trip back. so we're going to attempt to do a reader's digest of this. actually, besides trying to do a detailed plan on cybersecurity and its impact on industry, it's basically a call to action. so we'll go pretty quickly. yes? we will. okay. [laughter] there we go. so, you know, i'm going to kind of click forward for you here in the u.s. industry. so we've got a couple of issues that everyone in this room needs

to be very aware of. it's around privacy. and as you well know, privacy means lots of things. it means you may have your personal data stolen, but most importantly, you read every day about your identity being stolen. also from a transactional point of i view, privacy -- if you don't trust privacy, you will not interact with each other or engage in commerce with us and others, so it's very, very critical. the other is we talked a little bit about iot all through the day. so for security today the, security of iot is not just a matter of privacy, it's becoming an issue of safety. so it might be one thing if it's a temperature probe in a room, but if it's a control valve on a pipeline or some sort of waste product that may be released into the environment, it becomes a much bigger issue. and as you know, there's different attacks that can occur. the other most importants aspect is the threat of ip threat. everything we heard today was about the creation of value around ip and work product. the fact is that these threats

are organized in a way to steal and wreck or, in fact, sometimes vandalize the work product. or as you've heard from ransom ware, steal it and force you to pay ransom for it. as you can imagine, "game of thrones" and other interesting things that have happened just this year starting way back sony, when the original picture on north korea was stolen. the other major threat you need to be focused on is the human capital issue, particularly for security and technical professionals but also for compliance and other areas around policy. there's an incredible shortage of those type resources, and we immediate to continue to invest. -- we need to continue to invest. lastly is the diversity of attack, and that's what i'm going to close on. we have here for everyone, it's called the data breach investigations report. we, for short, the dbir. it creates, basically, nine categories of attacks, and it's

done by vertical. now, the reason that's important, there's about 70 folks around the world and organizations that input into it. but one of the things that we see and it's kind of anecdotal, but there's some board and management frustration and fatigue around security. so one of the things that this report does is it helps categorize and helps you prioritize how to approach fighting cyber warfare. so it's an important document. it's here. please regift it to anyone that is interested. [laughter] okay. for the sake of time, i'm going to just briefly talk about steve again. the issue of cyber attack is that, in fact, it is a national and a global issue, and folks that are attacking us are very well prepared, highly intelligent, very organized and extremely persistent. so the purpose of the events that we're going to show you and your participation this them is a national security issue, and

it's a personal issue. so what we're asking is basically the involvement of the team to have some detailed input into these issues. so we're going the three sessions. we invite you or your proxies to attend in these sessions so that we can sit down and go through all of the issue that is we talked about. probably a lot of conversations around talent, organization and other approaches to make sure that we to this correctly. the closure of this is we'll put these reports together, and we're going to have an opportunity to package the report and issue it for our entire council but also be able to present it to the government and other interested authorities in a very organized way. so as you can see, we have one -- the first one coming up in february where it's going to be held at verizon's headquarters in new jersey this our conference center -- in our conference center, and we'd very

much like as many folks as possible to attend. so in closing, thank you for letting me come up and give you the reader's digest version of this. all i ask for the remaining people is if you'd please extend the invitation so that we can have good participation and cross-section of ideas and thoughts that we can package. so thank you very much. [applause] >> please welcome the president and ceo of the council on competitiveness, the honorable deborah l. wynn-smith. [applause] >> wow, that was fantastic. our last session after lunch of these vignettes has really been superb. i'm going to be very, very fast. and, first of all, thank you all for coming, staying with us for the day and participating. i thought i would return to my favorite game of alliteration. so i've come up with a ten-point

policy platform that kind of summarizes what we discussed today and the path forward. so the first, we're all about people with potential, with purpose and perception who are prioritizing problems, producing progress and productivity, propelling prosperity, pleasure and pride. so all of you join this party -- [laughter] be part of the promotion, participating in the year ahead and all the work of the council. and so thank you so much for your participation, your support. and please take the clarion call and promote it in all your activities and look forward to working with you over year and, of course, anything we can do at the council to help your agenda, we stand ready to do that. i want to thank the council staff, those of you here, stand up. we're going to do a staff

picture before we all take off. but i want to wish everybody safe travel home and a wonderful holiday. and thank you so much. [applause] ♪ ♪ [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> c-span sat down with senior white house adviser for strategic communications mercedes schlapp. she talked about her father's imprisonment in cuba, growing up in miami, the florida recount in 2000 and her work in the trump white house. you can see that tonight on our companion network, c-span, at 8 p.m. eastern. >> this weekend c-span's cities tour takes you to saratoga springs located in upstate new york with the help our spectrum cable partners, we'll explore the history and literary life of this city known for its famous mineral springs. saturday at noon eastern on booktv. >> this is the place where ulysses grant penned his memoirs in 1885. he was dying of throat cancer, and his family was facing serious financial problems. at this point in his life, he

was a man trying to take care of his family. and we get to tell a story here that most people don't know about. >> then local author and former federal prosecutor andrew mckenna shares his book, "sheer madness." >> growing up, i thought the person who was addicted to heroin lived under a bridge somewhere. right? and was pushing a shopping cart around or something like that. you know? but that's not the case. you know, one of the most abused drugs right now on wall street among traders, you know, and these are elite professionals are opioids. >> sunday at 2 p.m. we'll take a trip to the saratoga race course. >> there we go. [inaudible conversations] >> and we'll visit the saratoga national historic park. >> "the new york times" magazine said that the battles of share toe baa were the most important ballots ever fought in the entire world in the last 1,000

years because they resulted in general burgoyne's surrender. it was the first time ever in world history that a british army surrendered. >> watch c-span's cities tour of saratoga springs saturday at noon eastern on c-span2's booktv and sunday at 2 p.m. on american history tv on c-span3. the c-span cities tour, working with our cable partners as we explore america. >> congress has two major issues on its agenda for next week. republicans hope to pass a bill reconciling the house and senate's two different tax bills. they want to pass the tax legislation and have it on president trump's desk before christmas. also government funding expires a week from today meaning that the government would shut down in a week without action from congress. agriculture secretary sonny perdue spoke at