most of the voters they profiled were trump voters. but i did profile some or not. this capturing the sentiment that drove an electorate to have one of the most astonishing electoral defeats in my lifetime. probably in modern history. so -- watch afterwards on c-span twos, but to be. >> the president of the united states. [applause] >> tuesday night, president donald trump gives his first state of the union address to congress and the nation. join us for preview of the evening. in the following the speech the democratic response. we'll hear your reaction and comments from members of congress.

the state of the union address, tuesday night live on c-span. listen live with the c-span radio a. >> the senate energy and natural resources committee held a field hearing of the 2018 washington auto show to examine technologies for making cars more energy efficient. witnesses from gm, toyota, oak ridge national laboratory, and the center for automotive research testified. this is one hour and 45 minutes. . .

[inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> good morning. it is a unusual to be at the convention center point energy

hearing but it is appropriate given the subject matter we have today. but it is a great setting surrounded by the latest and greatest the auto industry has to offer. and from the great state of michigan has encouraged me that the washington auto show is good the detroit auto show is great. [laughter] so that may be the locale on the same subject. i appreciate you sitting in. i understand that senator manchin will be with us but he is enjoying the auto show right now and will be here.

as soon as he can peel himself away from the latest and greatest. thanks to the washington area dealers association. and i really do think time for the automotive sector. and with those technologies have emerged in recent years. carbon fiber, increasing vehicle efficiency. at the same time advanced manufacturing technologies and to bring new concepts to market. to increase the productivity allowing u.s. manufacturers to drive in a hypercompetitive global market. and a new generation.

like the chevy bolt. meanwhile sales and consumer have increased for alternative fuel vehicles. and are the policies across the map. those that issued mandates and regulations. then made that same commitment by 2040 is what friends did and also to mandates and% of the vehicles sold by the automaker have to be electric by the year 2019 and the annual target decreases after that. and then to innovate i'm

interested to hear from our witnesses about their efforts. without readiness spectrum brought to market. and just to ensure the federal policies are neutral and working as intended. and then the electric and hydrogen vehicles will be affected and as we were gathering in the back and then in alaska the city to know is on an island we have a burgeoning electric cars they offer nearly 100% renewable power by hydroelectric and to be engaged in a demand program

to incentivize charging it during certain times of the day. they cut cost and with that registration in that smaller community of 35000 people in the capital. that is meaningful. and from the grid but yet we are innovating in some ways that are pretty unique to bring those local resources together. we had a field hearing and we were in a little fishing village in south-central alaska not connected by roads. not off the transportation grid but the electric grid focusing on the hybrid micro grids now the innovators are

working with national labs at the university of alaska to further test of the micro grids. the next cap is installing four chargers out there center studying how that can benefit them. and then to have a distinguished panel of witnesses. we have representation for the automotive sector. and then to the automakers. those that is moving to the dealership lot or address seeing lesser recognized

challenges that is mineral security that could make or break entire technologies. and as they are increasingly adopted. thinking our witnesses to be here this morning to make it possible now i will turn to the sender for any comments she wishes to make. >> madam chair thanks for holding this today. this is an exciting area of automation and transportation we would welcome you in detroit. and we are very proud because

that is where the action has on these issues. and the director of advanced vehicle commercialization. and ann arbor with a center of research and also we thank all of you for being here. you are welcome to move to michigan we would love to have you. i have often said they can out innovate or imagine anyone. with that building to innovate to center around fossil fuels that is true for 100 years or or more and one out of every

five vehicles manufactured is manufactured in michigan in the 944,000. that accounts to one out of five. and we used to say this isn't your father's fit to grow up on the oldsmobile car lot. but we don't do oldsmobiles anymore but is also not your grandfather chevy or ford. we know transportation is rapidly evolving and more than we realize. both here in the united states and around the globe. that is why we are proud be focusing on these issues. and to see that evolution of the north american auto show

with new engines powered by electricity did you buy a car? [laughter] >> we have to negotiate. >> to the new weight materials and that is the change the way we go to work or get the products and best of all the potential to improve safety and cut the carbon we are emitting. leadership isn't given if they continue through automotive technologies we will be left in a cloud of dust and we cannot let that happen.

in between industry at the department of energy. that is why i appreciate the support for the innovation act and then to reintroduce the energy bill on the floor that i strongly support moving forward. and to hear about that new research and technologies to drive us forward. >> i have an opportunity to engage in fascinating discussion as we have hearings before the energy committee. and to raise two sons and they

look at their mother's job how do you sit through that? is where they say she has a pretty good job. >> to you care to make any opening comments? >> thanks for setting this up the most appropriate place to be also from detroit city. i was a little late because i was admiring the products everything from general motors to ford, chrysler, toyota if you make it i will buy it. [laughter] and you are so lucky to be in this industry if you work at a

job that you love you don't work a day in your life. and i want to talk about western university my alma mater is comfit -- competing and that is one of the 16 universities chosen to compete in the latest advanced technology challenge with 60 undergraduates working on this project a multiyear project has a camaro that reduces the environmental impact in an exciting project to happen and i am happy to see toyota represented on the panel i just watched a little interview where they make the drive train now to make those engines from 25 years ago.

the whole thing with the evolution doctor toyota and i met him in japan with senator rockefeller. he was so excited to tell me that against all advice of his high-powered engineers and business consultants do not put the engine plant there. he was determined and he pointed there not only is it a success but a myopic one -- a model for toyota manufacturing growing into the most sophisticated engines in the world then they went into drivetrain. standing by the highlander, without west virginia labor it would not move. not without that engine and the drivetrain.

i was very proud of that. but 1300 in the plant and ask hundred to the dealerships across the state. west virginia totals 1.2 billion producing 697,000 engines and those transmissions it also provides jobs with other suppliers. i am glad they are partner of our great state for what you have enabled us to do. i look forward to working with all of you and the industry. so goes the auto industry so goes us. i look forward to participating all three of us

would rather be right here. >> now we turn to our witnesses introducing each of you down the line i would ask to keep your comments at five minutes. your full statements will be included as part of the record allowing us opportunity to make increase lung -- inquiry to create a dialogue. we had the associate laboratory director for environmental sciences at the national laboratory we appreciate the good work from around the country. the president and ceo of the center for automotive research

nice to meet you and have you here that director for that technology for the government affairs is from michigan and director of advance vehicles commercialization and the director of energy and environmental research with toyota. it is good to have the full panel with us if you would like to start off. >> thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today with this distinguished panel. today i want to discuss the challenges and opportunities with the transportation sector.

and those autonomous vehicles with the transportation. and the movement of goods and society in fundamental ways. with scientific innovation and to work with the industry to produce breakthroughs for the cleanest forms of transportation. and to increase the battery energy content while lowering the cost of a factor of five. with engines and fuels and ultrahigh efficiencies and

with those to mystic materials that is more power in the electric motor. at the national transportation research center the only transportation facility with the first vehicle charging system capable of transferring kilowatts of energy. now on the way to develop a kilowatts system. that can make recharging much easier without electrified transportation system and isn't a burden to the power grid. to demonstrate how that hybrid electric vehicle can transfer power to and from a home generating solar panels.

energy reliability for the homeowner and flexibility and the ability to use for storage. with the upcoming systems summit into model the behavior of advanced vehicles and engine systems. with the next generation supercomputer is expected to be the world's most powerful when it comes online this year. those systems needed to integrate. even as we look to the future the internal combustion engine is still the workhorse of the transportation sector and other national labs to focus

on combining fuels and combustion research. perhaps the breakthrough focuses on lowering costs and supporting infrastructure. and also using those capabilities like manufacturing demonstrations carbon fiber technology with a low cost carbon fibers with faster and cheaper production methods for the romantic american automakers that is crucial for the labs for the most impactful for real-world success.

the cofounder of the institute for finance composite bring together over 160 members from the public and private sector to move them into the market. and with those other private companies and with that development in tendency and in conclusion other national labs stand ready to work with the other partners with science. i thank you again for the opportunity and i welcome your questions. >> thank you very much.

thank you to chairman murkowski and also senators for the opportunity to address you today i am president and ceo center from research we are a nonprofit independent unbiased research facility to bring together stakeholders for discussions to do the research for those facing the automotive industry. so with a personal background for -- born and raised i have 35 years in the automotive industry and two and a half years of academia and now fully into the nonprofit research side of the business. looking at the automotive industry today it is in a critical period of disruption. on the one side even though

with a slight drop off this past fiscal year and the suvs crossovers at levels we have not seen in some time. there is a strong need for technology in powertrain and electrification with the vehicle technology that is stretching the limits in terms of talent and dollars. in order to provide that vast array required to meet those global standards they are all global, the portfolios required are very diverse and challenging. to remain competitive they must comply with all regulatory environments including those most aggressive globally. to see them, runs the gamut

from start stop technology to full electrification. the dichotomy that exist today we can't make the customers by what they don't want. but it shows today the internal pension -- will have that much vehicle volume and 95% for north america 2025. the business and quickly driving costs down to improve the range. but that proliferation could dish increase significantly. but that percentage very greatly depending on the initiative.

on a global level we see a similar trend and the lacking of charge as well as purchase cost although if we look at the sheer economics it will break even in certain amount of time so that is informing the customers of the true facts of ownership. we can solve a lot of these issues through technology and clarity on the infrastructure including hydrogen. i would be remiss if i did not mention that which supplied the power image be from a renewable source. they have a greater carbon footprint than the internal

combustion engine. my last point is about technology leadership and talent but really if the u.s. wants to continue leadership in the electrification race it needs to be a development those that create the high standard will drive the innovation and grow the talent we would really like that to be here in the united states. thank you for your time. >> good morning. senators, thank thank you for the opportunity to testify in front of your committee. enough fear of rapid change with automation connectivity

this committee has correctly identified these numerous opportunities moving to commercial driven. a supplier was now more than 110% and the vehicle group employees 3000 with research and development in georgia and north carolina and michigan. as an independent supplier incorporating a large number of vehicles and fuel consumption worldwide. so technology innovation are driving the adoption to create exceptional growth for well-positioned companies. and to simultaneously reduce carbon dioxide and not nitrous oxide commissions that is a

full combustion engine and as a means to improve efficiency and the transportation system level embedded electronics and controls allow changes on these vehicles. the vehicle sector was on the trajectory of fuel emissions and petroleum-based fuels. we positioned our entire portfolio to address efficiency. the first improve the efficiency of the creation including electrical but then distribute the power and finally to optimize the use of that power in the increasingly diversified setting. over a decade working closely with agencies with advanced

energy use. those collaborations with the national energy renewable lab promote u.s. companies. event benefits from access such as high-performance computing at the same time we should expertise and funding but working together we demonstrate new technologies that manufacturing program with the fundamentals of those technologies that are central elements and from that

perspective of the vehicle program at doe day technology leadership especially important is the public-private partnership model. to foster collaboration that is separate commercial entities and the siu create more product in basic research capabilities in national labs setting the pace of section the partnership with those startups concepts are developed those that have manufacturing capability and

also demonstrate the potential of new technologies and thus involve investments that otherwise could not be made in a conservative industry. with the department of energy that leadership position at all levels of the supply chain. the public private partnership is that is too early or too broad for industry to pursue alone. it is essential they were balanced between fundamental research in those programs it is easy to recommend the science it is also easy to use product development but the tradition is not trivial.

with the public-private partnership to be effective but in closing thank you again as you can industry is moving forward we applaud your efforts to support american innovation. in q. >> i am general motors tractor of policy. thank you for inviting me to talk about opportunities and challenges but in 2010 general motors introduced the chevy fold we were one of the first

experiences but however last year purchased but our own groundbreaking chevrolet and cadillac that has nearly one of those but it is nothing compared to what is coming. but you may have heard that our belief in a future world with zero emissions and position. it represents the conclusions of our work and autonomous vehicles to humanity forward. we now to bring in the all electric vehicles to the market by 2023.

and as and if manufacturers reach scale and then the electric beautiful things to that what instrument motors provides. so general motors making major financial investment here is the edited no but consumer substance has increased but the first is consumer adoption

and the second is the that then that helps to fuel the adoption. but with those mainstream consumers is when we need to press but without large smart and flexible load is unlike any other load on the electric grid. if we do this but that makes

use of those power plants. so it be tomorrow or balance rhythm. follow the ballast -- benefits can't happen unless there is a true scale that it also drives confidence it could strike anywhere at but this will be competitive over time but we have a long way to go. in station operators to be the same as this would resist and

this is important legislation we hope congress will pass. not only accepting electric vehicles but it is imperative for other events then to take the technologies to local and i look forward to your questions that you may have.

>> chairman, ranking verse toyota appreciate the effort the to testify in with more efficient transmissions with the diane please to discuss today. feels all but then to combine hydrogen gas in the fibers take and then to powers of the

but then to get that zero emission is a driving range of over 300 miles. the ability to refuel as with any size vehicle and with those key attributes allowing the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to apply to the broadest range greeting to zeal but we thousand have been sold in california and 5000 globally estimating in the range scalability is never but

to scale that technology further allows us the recently announced they but in the u.s. we are testing the concept for the cargo containers to the porch of but that renewable

bio waste will generate water and and that the

so to have continued support to the rule?

we are happy to answer any questions but when they turn 16 to driving. >> i believe it was 2000 but

innovation and advancement but the infrastructure what that looks like nick what about the

other one that is who is

producing inspect but that makes a lot of sense to combat that technology. so think of the burden on the

grid to reinforce micro grants are essential. we also need to look at great invalid with the appropriate positioning where we put them may not be equally distributed. also to get the private sector involved humvees want to pay and all night -- all new dwelling at least should have a charging nation nation for in a driver doesn't mean you put the expense of the charging station it is easy to do in the beginning and focus before renewables we have a cream energy supply coming into the grid.

>> i will reinforce --dash we impart port purcell but we have a number of issues or giants over stability or to incorporate people talk about micro grants and the significant change to our infrastructure but also things like what the -- walgreen management. >> p-uppercase-letter come to mind the first two echo the family charges the workplace charges and the building codes would ensure multi family homes everything builds in

codes that require a simple dedicated circuit so that is important but beyond that what is tough and why there is a lack of investment there just isn't scale which means there isn't much the utility industry are excerpts and they are reliable and made to a fantastic job in the industry. within the 50 states but then

to adapt with the semblance but then to get there and also charging vehicles in the early morning hours? when the wind but that will be

powerful going forward but we look at one approach we are an

energy state with solar and

wind we own it so

but then to contain

it are you concerned with your supply chain because of our differences

but with only a few and with that material it may not affect obvious) that is for the control.

but again as we keep finding breakthroughs of chemical equations of the better one -- battery technology but to add on is i don't think we can negate the fact that some coal plants producing energy with the catalytic converters you can have a sufficient plant. >> but not the administration that tried to shut us down completely eight years ago. horrible. >> and the vehicle business so

we are not directly affected but going back to the house of our other industries. >> just to add a couple of nuances that yes we care with teams of people that work around the world to source these materials. one thing of interest it is and just automotive but isn't jus just.com's back with the cost of these materials like cobalt that has prices on our side as well so the price to

offer the vehicle to the consumer so the important work that is happening with the chevy volt that came out and where we are today it is hard to streamline in many cases to reduce lithium they are safe and durable and reduce the cost are also the manufacturing process itself. >> that was a critical question.

it is important to the discussion because we recognize we have extraordinary opportunities but if we can safely and reliably gain access those elements and i appreciate what you said as we look to build out any renewable energy sources whether a wind turbine to have a coding on the blade and it comes from these minerals is an issue that has finally registered the appropriate level of attention with the government after pushing it for years now we feel like we have a voice to say this is important.

>> thank you again to all of you there are so many different kinds of issues from infrastructure so i want to start with something different that is talent and what is happening. my concern is national association of manufacturers say we will create 3.5 new one -- 2.5 million manufacturing jobs and we could fill 1.5 million today. not only engineers but scientists but skilled trade that can do coding or technical education.

you mentioned this specifically so what are your thoughts on how we look at our educational system and prepare them for jobs that are right here right now and redesigning for more options in college and also expanding high school with the privately funded skilled building trading centers. those that said in a manufacturing place that said you can do these pieces. what should we do in that

space. >> it is a passion of mine. looking at the entire chain of education with the lifelong learning industry. starting with very young children and their education to enlighten them into new ways of thinking so working your way up to eliminate the notion they need to go to a four-year institution because some are honestly better skilled to enjoy quality of life getting rewards from what

they love to do. follow your passion and to see that aptitude it doesn't have to be four years and provide opportunities for internships build that passion to work on the infrastructure for autonomous vehicles. and the coding. we are teaching children to think vertically but in today's world you need to be a systematic thinker. think about new ways those that we are the university

space as we guarantee you a job with a low price you have to pay you get a job immediately if it becomes obsolete you get another certificate. also to enable that lifelong learning. if we are not training those forces it has to be the lifelong learning way of doing business. >> this is a major issue to develop technologies to not have the skilled people we have for that. anybody else want to comment?

>> the technology is significant and to some extent have been struggling with universities have a role to play but so does industry. technology so quickly there needs to be a lot of work to develop programs that ultimately help provide the skills and training for university graduates we are currently partnering with those institutions to train to prepare them for life and industry.

also promoting stem at k-12 schools hoping a technical career path as well as an engineering career path. our strong support for the perkins act i understand it has been reauthorized in the house. >> when you talk about the quickly changing industry it is almost mind-boggling. just to show their share some tidbits applications have applied 11 -- increased 100% so there is incredible interest and that does spur the movement with the talents

that we need and second is 35% of our workforce has been there less than four years. stunning that is the kind of movement bringing in the talents we are looking for. also investing in stem programs and black girls who code to make sure not only diversity but with those resources to drive the innovation that we need. >> even know we are concerned about the future of the workforce they do not produce

enough engineers like software electronics so we work with universities to make a track for our workforce like internships but also universities that offer certificate programs and technologies. we do spend a lot of time and resources and last but not least trying to pack in the diversified right now it looks

very mechanical and non- diverse. there is too much talent we are not tapping into i can give you the details if you need those. >> i want to give you an example last week i was in michigan with the economic development council coming up with the new program and the idea to call locate with the new equipment and things like that.

everybody can go to college for free so now instead of reinventing the program two years at a community college and then go to the university of tennessee maybe you can do that. that is in the works with the new concept we also ask the graduate students to do research at the lab. it is also program for students at other universities. and things of that nature.

but the role the national labs can play. >> i am so glad you could come. it is a great example of partnership. >> as we are reminded to get these people into the fields the high tech skills that we need not most alaskan villages it isn't that person or the phd but the young kid who can repair the snowmachine are the ones we look to.

it is those who are repairing and working on these advance vehicles. now today so much is computer related and to be on the repair and it is changing and to pick on something that you raise talking about infrastructure you pointed out the appropriate role to work

with utilities with recognition that there needs to be coordination so there is a better understanding we can maximize the efficiency that goes to a statement made earlier. we cannot make people buy that they don't want. it is how we keep with the public with what is happening and how they might benefit you and how you can be a better

participant talking about the driverless vehicles they scare the living daylights out of me i will admit this that your experience last weekend driving hundreds of miles without literally touching the wheel. what is the effort within the industry to make us feel more comfortable but to recognize the benefits when we use the advanced technologies that they are clearly poised to help deliver. that is a broad question that

i'm curious to know your response. >> that is a wonderful question at the crux of the opportunity right now how do they play together it is a large challenge with their role to solve infrastructure to rally the environmental groups to cooperate on national awareness campaign there is a lot of cooperation so on the infrastructure side when we were penciling out programs and reflecting on what we had learned in the '90s it was clear it would make or break because we

learned that they have to have a partner by their side. so to set up a partnership in 15 minutes to one -- utility members so now you have been working on this for a decade to work cooperatively together on the lining the policies and the talking points and using the same vocabulary with how the grid operates so these areas and to encourage awareness but they are so uniquely positioned because not everybody can buy a car from general motors we don't

have access to every consumer but utility has access and that path that suggests that consumers would rather hear them talk about electric vehicles and talk to the dealers or automakers with a trusted third-party expert vote so it cannot be emphasized enough with the role of what else could happen? the department of energy also coordinated and convening industry experts and academia the ngos everybody with a

stakeholder in the market. with the awareness campaigns to invest in the messaging to show a vision nationally. one was the effort of dot to establish the corridors it would be great if it were also funded creative map of charging stations across the country coast-to-coast allows those utilities and states to recognize if they do their part that goes into a larger strategy and vision. to communicate that is helpful

that they participate in the solution space. >> first of all as was mentioned they are anxious about time to charge the car. and then to go to 8% capacity then there is another concern of the demands you don't know what these charging stations need to be. clearly they are willing to engage but it is also cost so these uncertainties if it is

part of the business model but one way to overcome the challenge that we need to innovate and perform research along with the capacity we have and then to move ahead of the challenges. >> couple of quick examples, with the first launch and vet cooperating with cities directly to hold public forums

how you charge the vehicle and how it performs. a second sample that they donated $10 million for basically increasing by three times charging stations within the whole city. part of that initiative with local businesses and to take products for a day long event letting them drive the vehicle and how it can be integrated into their daily lives and it seems to be working. >> shifting the discussion from commercial vehicles but

looking at it from the energy consumption perspective how much co2 is emitted and furthermore that is opposed to the passenger car with the focus that is on it so the commercial vehicle space is different we do not have the consumer there but we do have the operators and may have different means so they are a means to perform work so that

is critical with total cost of ownership so the other means those are demonstration programs to give one example how the grid and fleet of commercial vehicles --- . . . .