festival in maryland, the festival features many arteries including michael and discussing climate change, april ryan on reporting from the white house, government evacuation and security plans, chris matthews on bobby kennedy and many others. .. >> good morning everyone. i am the head of the school and i'm excited to click off and officially welcome you to the 16th annual annapolis folk festival. it is an impressive slate of author panels that we have

going on all day today. this great community event would not be possible without the support of all of our sponsors. in particular -- we will engage in conversation, reflection and an opportunity to think deeply about a host of topics throughout the day. enjoy your time here. it is my pleasure to introduce brian boyd. a dear friend and colleague and member of the faculty at the school since 2001 to introduce our first author. >> thank you. [applause] good morning everyone! i'm very excited to kick this off with daniel pink, sung over 2 million copies of his book.

one of the most ted talks of all-time. the host of national geographic crowd control. i think maybe the choice is testament of how far he has made it happened on a flight that i had two weeks ago to ireland with 18 students. on this flight we were given a choice of four audiobooks. jon grissom, sue grafton, michael wolff and daniel pink. i think that is pretty impressive. [laughter] everyone, this is daniel pink, his most recent book. the scientific it's a perfect timing. right here, you will see a big collection of them over in the activity building. please, pick up your copy! it was pretty awesome. in fact, i will talk very briefly -- as you point out that audiobooks on flight, especially overnight our

selected for their ability to induce sleep on the part of the passengers. [laughter] is a mixed bag dear brian. >> i should also admit i chose star wars: the last jedi. sorely disappointed but that's another subject. i had an interesting experience with this book. it does a few things all at once in a way that makes it compelling and thought-provoking. daniel pink pulls you in with anecdotes about timing and if you are a reader like me. critical and often incredulous in your opinions, immediately say, what ever, that is just pure luck. i don't know what this guy is talking about. and then, he smacks you over the head with the science. and shows his evidence in a way that really kind of solidifies his argument and persuade you to a point of view.

then the best part i thought of the entire book was, he leaves you with very practical pragmatic advice that you can use in your daily lives. which obviously, is why you read the book, right? it is great to know certain facts but it is even better to understand how to put them into play. i guess my first question is, why does one look at timing to begin with? what brought you to the topic? >> what brought me to the topic is that most people don't look at timing at all. and so, i wrote this really out of a sense of frustration more than anything else. i found myself making all kinds of timing decisions in my life. when should i do this kind of work or that kind of work, which exercise, or a project or abandon a project that is not working. i was making them in a very haphazard and sloppy way which i found frustrating. i wanted to make it a better way so i started looking around

for guidance. i wanted to read about how to make these decisions better and there was no guidance. so there is this book that there we wanted to read but it didn't exist. so in order to read i had to write it. and what i did was i looked at, i was curious having written some books about social signs in the past, i was hearing that there had to be research out there untimely. turns out that is enough in the book, there's a huge amount of research out there untimely. but has a certain characteristic in that it has spread across many many disciplines. and one of the interesting features i think of many academics is that they don't talk to people outside of the field. so you have research being done in economics. research being done in social psychology. but also have research being done in anthropology. in cognitive science. and molecular biology and endocrinology and anesthesiology and a whole field folk -- a field called

chrono-biology and no one was speaking to the chronologies. understandably. yet they were asking all similar questions? what do we feel and what we do and how we perform? how to begin to shape our behavior, how to end shape behavior, how do groups synchronize in time? they're all asking similar questions. and i tried to get into this research to piece together the evidence-based ways for people to make systematically better, smarter, shorter decisions about when to do things. >> perfect! i grew up, i was that guy that did not go to bed until 2:00 a.m.. i called myself the night owl. i think you probably know one or two people like that. now, i cannot stay awake past

9:15. >> i'm hoping that is 9:15 pm. [laughter] it would be a pretty bad interview. >> part of the beginning of the book you talk about what you call a chrono-type. can you tell me how to figure out what yours is? >> yes there is all of these studies and a philistine adjuster with study of mostly our daily rhythms. in fact the three americans that won the nobel prize in medicine 2017 last year were chrono biologists. one of the thing that we know is that we have these things that we have propensities. some of us wake up early and go to sleep early. some of us wake up late and go to sleep late. we are owls. then a lot of us are in between. but the distribution looks like is, is not a bell curve but it

is bell-ish. it will use adjective for obvious reasons. >> you coined a phrase! i mean -- >> i wanted to be accurate because it is similar to a bell curve for your 50 percent of people that are pretty strong larks, and then 20 that are owls. then a lot of people are extreme owls. so i will have a district -- a very long tail. that's a joke. but to those of us are in between. and i -- our chrono-type affects us throughout the day.

something that is reasonably fixed but changes over our lifetime. >> with that, the point you're making in the first chapter is that there are certain kinds of decisions that are better at certain times of day based on your understanding of whether or not you are a lark or owl or one third bird. how do i know when i'm supposed to make certain decisions or paint a picture because i know artistic is another time? >> what we know is that the pattern of mood over the course of the day. there is a credible research on this. again it is multidisciplinary. some of this uses big data analysis of tweets. they will look at literally half a million tweets and measure initial content of the words and it was a detectable pattern over the course of the day. when mood typically goes up there is a peak. mood goes down in the early to mid afternoon. then it recovers later in the day. pete, job, recovery.

has been research on what they call the day reconstruction method. some thing that was developed with several people. -- they have detected the pattern of peaks, drop, recovery. so mood is in predictable fashion but also performance. this is where it gets interesting. outperformance changes in predictable ways. and so, i will give you, there is so much good stuff in here but if you look at we are here at the school. brian is a teacher. let me give you an example of this. there is a great study out of denmark. in denmark students take standardized tests as in the united states. but in denmark, they take them not on pencil and paper or a bubble form but on computers. however, the typical school has more students than computers. as a result, the students all cannot take the test at the same time.

they randomly are assigned to take the test at different times of day. some in the morning, in the afternoon. francesca gino at harvard led the research. a look at 2 million testtakers. what they found was that the kids who took the test in the afternoon compared to the kid that took the test in the morning, those in the act is scored as if they missed two weeks of school. right, exactly! while! that is the response that you want. think about that for a moment. this kid is randomly assigned to take a test and why, this one is scored take for the afternoon. this one is scoring significantly lower as if he had missed two weeks of school. this is what is alarming. i mean is obvious but, we are going to make decisions about education policy when there is a dramatic time of day effects? that worries them. as more racism is that we go to

make decisions about that kid who had lower scores just because they were assigned to take the test in the afternoon. wherever she had taken in the morning she would escort gently. he says over and over and basically every realm of performance. i mean, truly, every realm of performance. material differences in how people perform based on time of day. you see this big time in education. you see this in judicial decision-making. using this in during decision-making. during that deliberately afternoon are more likely to resort to racial stereotypes then juries that delivered in the morning. which is terrifying! we see them in the corporate world and corporate performance and you see this i think most alarmingly, and healthcare. so -- >> is the ending -- the anecdote that pulls you into

say oh my gosh! >> i will go straight for the punchline. all of you that have gathered here. tens of millions of people watching at home on booktv on c-span -- [laughter] >> that can't be the big joke! >> if you learn nothing else from our session today, do this. do not go to the hospital in the afternoon if you can avoid it. do not go to an important dr. appointment in the afternoon if you can avoid it. period. full stop. my wife is in the audience and this is also a c-span view identifier. we have made decisions in our own family life about scheduling medical appointments. in our family we do not allow people to that's important dr. appointments in the afternoon.

here is the data that is overwhelming and terrifying. the me give you some startling things. anesthesia, four times more likely 3:00 p.m. then at 9:00 a.m. . handwashing in hospitals, this is research, and watching in hospitals, which is not that high to begin with! okay? deteriorates considerately in the afternoon. and if you know about data on hospital acquiring sections, hospitals acquired infections which are a major cause of this. infections caused thousands and thousands of deaths each year. people going to the hospital without an infection and we get an infection in the hospital and they died. all right? that is generally pretty bad medical practice, right?you do not want that. handwashing hospitals in the afternoon, deteriorates considerately!

it is a beautiful saturday morning in annapolis. the stuff about colonoscopies. [laughter] colonoscopies, doctors fine have as many paths and afternoon procedures that in the morning. to make the point, is not isolated. this is what is so compelling about the research. in one of the things for people that are in particular domains have not realized that the effects they are getting by starting corporate or education performance or was going on in healthcare. they are finding very similar things. what we know most of all is this, our cognitive abilities do not remain the same throughout the day. period. i wish someone had told this before i turn 50. our cognitive abilities do not remain the same throughout the day. and so, i look back on moments in my life and i am thinking,

you know, i do not feel as sharp right now. i'm not really doing that great on this task. and my self talk is okay went, get over that, man up, what is wrong with you? when in fact, it is just the nature of our physical self. our cognitive abilities do not stay the same throughout the day. they change. they can change in dramatic ways.it is significant as a seat on data for anesthesiologists. the best time to do a particular task depends on the nature of the task. we do certain things better at certain times of day and other things better at other times of day. let's so, this is how he pulls you in. a great mixed tape. he drops this bomb on you. most people here know what a mixed tape is. i will explain to my students on monday. but then the second chapter is my favorite because it tells what to do with that trough,

that part of the day, that lull. talks about my favorite topics, knobs and breaks. request they really are, they are important. >> i have been told since i was two years old that the important part of the days what? right! breakfast. i am told by this gentleman that it is a lie. tell me what lunch is my point. >> what i really said is not that it is a lie -- [laughter] i mean, i like the headline a lot better. we will use that as a headline. >> we will walk it back. >> it will be like buzzfeed. a click made headlines and then take the facts underneath. i appreciate that. so we are told breakfast is the most important part of the day.

research shows there is a correlation between people being healthy and eating breakfast. but all of the studies, remember, correlation is not causation. most of these studies are what i call observational studies. they are not, they're just observing peoples behavior. they are not testing causation. it could be that people are healthy having to eat breakfast enough that eating breakfast is causing it to be healthy. and, when you go and look that many of the studies showing the importance of breakfast were funded by companies who sell breakfast foods. [laughter] you begin not to say that it is a lie, at all. i don't believe that. but to say that the answer to, is breakfast essential? is it the most important meal of the day? the answer is, we don't know. it will not hurt you to eat breakfast but it looks like it is not really hurt you that much to skip breakfast. it is really an unknown.what will happen though is that his interest in research on lunch.

basically look at this like this. if you look at actual research, breakfast turns out to be less important than we think and lunch turns out to be more important than we think. the reason lunch is important, is that lunch is about lunch as a subset of breaks in general. what we are finding out about breaks in general, breaks matter much more than we realize. the science of breaks is showing, i believe the science of breaks and it is the science of sleep 15 years ago. in certain white-collar settings, someone could come into an office and brag about being sleep deprived. i had an all-nighter last night, only got three hours of sleep the last six weeks. and it was a badge of honor. right? when i was in those kind of workplace settings, those people always made me feel bad. because i couldn't do that, right? it was hard for me and it made me miserable. now what happened?

in the last 15 years the science of sleep has deepened. equally important, it has penetrated the public consciousness. and so, now someone comes into an office saying i called an all-nighter for the second strait night. i have gotten sleep andsex was good we don't say you are a hero, we say , you are an idiot! you are hurting your performance and might be hurting other peoples performance. the science of breaks is what the science of sleep was 15 years ago. we know a lot more about breaks and i think you'll actually have a pretty significant effect on how organizations operate. and to make a long story short, which i've actually never done in my adult life, is that we should be taking more breaks and certain kinds of breaks. particularly during that trough. >> part of the break chapter you talk about, i think you point this.

i favorite term. well maybe not, you borrowed maybe my new favorite phrase. the nappachino tells what that is and why i want one. >> let's talk about naps. i am someone in the past that would nap i would say i need to take a nap. anytime that i would nap i wake up feeling terrible. just terrible! kind of groggy and fuzzy head. not to mention deeply ashamed of myself. and i realize that i was doing it wrong. that the science tells us there is a particular kind of nap

that is most effective. turns out the most effective nap is between 10 and 20 minutes long. what you see is that between 10 and 20 minutes, a nap as the restorative effectiveness. in many ways a nap is like zamboni for a brain. over the course of the day our brain is getting all of these necks and stuff on the ice good and a nap can come out like a zamboni and with it all out. it is really remarkable. but the best nap is between 10 and 20 minutes long. supershort. but there is a way to turbocharge this that goes like this. and i can give you an example for my own life. i work in the garage behind my house. i live in washington d.c.. and every once in a while, especially having a bad day or bad set of days, i will take a nap in my office. i was in my chair, put on noise canceling headphones.

and i will set my phone alarm for 25 minutes. then, right when i'm about to sit down i will take a mug of coffee in which i will have put three or four ice cubes. and i gulp it down right before the nap. stick with me. >> right? >> what happens? i occasionally fall asleep in 10 or 11 minutes. let's say i fall asleep in 11 minutes. the alarm goes off in 25 minutes. 25 -11 is 14. i have a 14 minute spot. that is right in the sweet spot.i wake up without that groggy feeling which is known as sleep inertia. i wake up without that but remember, it takes about 25 minutes for kathy to enter our bloodstream. at that moment i am waking up, i the ideal length nap, and no sleep inertia, and the restorative effects of a not

without that groggy feeling. at the moment i am waking up, i get hit with the extra dose of caffeine. and this is as brian said known in the nurture as a nappuccino. no joke, one of the things about this book, it has been a 20 year battle with my publishers. i put this actual notes, like endnotes in the text. so i will make a claim and i will superscript and you can look at the studies.because i want people to be able to check my work. i think it is the right thing to do. so if you go to nappuccino you will see papers showing us of the scientifically ideal nap. for air traffic controllers and many professionals. a short nap proceeded with

caffeine. let's say you start talking about the school day which is something that appeals to me. and you say tommy make the claim that the largest, i want to me should i say this record the single largest or the best thing that a school can do for student performance is to start the school day later. can you say why and what research shows? >> yes. that is true for teenagers. teenage students do not necessarily true for elementary school students. and that is an important distinction. think about chronic types. cloud type changes over the course of our lifetime. little kids are very early types. they are very groggy as any parents of little kids will know or remember right now. it wake up early, start running around like crazy people from the moment they wake up. around the age of the midteens there is a dramatic change.

two or three hours later. that last until about the mid-20s. and so, teenagers naturally, i going to sleep much later and waking up much later and yet, schools are sending these kids to class 730 in the morning, 745 in the morning. this is not, again, is not a nice kinder gentler, less be kind to the teenagers kind of thing. the evidence on this, i don't even think it is close. the american academy of pediatrics four years ago issued a policy statement, imploring school districts around america, do not start school for teenagers before 8:30 a.m. in the morning. it is contraindicated by everything we know, teenage biology, physiology and well-being. a policy statement is sort of a

generic anodyne concept. way to pick up something more vivid. i want you to pick your pediatrician you your own kids pediatrician or your grandkids pediatrician. a way to think about the pediatricians america linking arms and marching. and the banner under which they are marching is, please, school districts, do not start school early for teenagers. and, what is so frustrating about this is that if you look at evidence, it is not a close call. the centers for disease control has written articles about this. they have a weekly publication i recommend to you. it is really exciting. it is called the morbidity and mortality weekly report.it is really about the terrible things happen to people. have several articles about the serious effects of early school start times for teenagers. the american academy of pediatrics has been employing school districts for years just change start time. the evidence is overwhelming

and yet, school districts they changed when school starts, we not so much starting school at 2:00 or 215. we are talking about literally moving it to 9:15 am, not a radical change. the school district that changed the school start time to something like 9:15 am, across-the-board, higher test scores, lower dropout rates, less teenage obesity, less teenage depression, fewer teenage car accidents. and it turns out to be one of the most cost-effective solutions. one of the most cost-effective policy moves there is. and yet, the average school start time for teenagers in america's 8:03 am. is one of the things you do not shake your head and say, why are you not following this? when we speculate why people are not following evidence but the evidence is overwhelming.

>> is inconvenient for me. i have to pick up my kid at the right time and we have got jobs and things. >> the argument again, moving back to school start times are centered entirely around the convenience of adults. parents want to be able to drop off their kids when they go to work. school superintendents, god bless them, they were hunt job they want to get the buses in motion earlier in the day. athletic coaches want to have more time with athletes late in the afternoon. it is all about the convenience of adults and not about the well-being of children. >> all right, i think it is the 27th year in a row, i made a january 1, i made a resolution that i have already failed. what can i do when i make something like a resolution. i get myself all pumped up to do something good i want to get started well and i screw it up. because it will happen. it happens to me like i said,

27 years they were. how do i fix when i've already started something wrong? >> sure, great question. let's take a step back. back. >> that is the worst question i've ever heard. [laughter] >> i stopped reading the book at the nappuccino so i am winging it now. it is important to understand what we make new year's resolutions. there is a timing aspect of that. there is a literature on what are called temp oral landmarks. as certain dates that stand out in time way physical landmarks stand out in space. and these landmarks have a effect on the date form a kind of mental accounting. we have this temporal landmarks often open up a fresh ledger on ourselves but in the way of

business would open up a fresh ledger at the beginning of a new quarter or new year. we open up this temporal ledger, it is on ourselves for new year's day would be the most robust example of that. the truth is that the numbers are all over the place. let's say that we tend to look down a little on new year's resolutions because we say, half of new year's resolutions are abandoned. to me, that is what journalists recall bearing the lead. jimmy happened people actually under the new year's resolution is a big deal! and it shows you the power of these temporal landmarks. there are other temporal landmarks and you can use the effects of temporal landmarks to basically reboot. to make a new start. this was called a, fresh -- research has been done on with the other fresh start effect. there are certain days of the

year when we are more likely to make that kind of behavior change.obviously, if we begin making a behavior change, we are more likely to actually change our behavior. and so the practical element of this is that if you're looking to change your behavior, start a new diet or exercise regimen or productivity plan, you're better off doing this on a monday rather than a thursday. you're better off on the first of the month rather than the 13th of the month. this is true organizationally as well. you can get more use out of it if you take the right start date. summary fresh start days are universal. the first of the month, mondays, the day after a federal holiday. the first of the year, etc. some can be personal see what better off starting a behavior change the day after your birthday rather than three days

before your birthday. or, what this does is it gives us a little bit of a better chance to change behavior because we essentially track ourselves into opening a fresh ledger and saying, old me only a fast food. but knew me were born on 1 may will behave a little bit better. >> i want to jump into a topic that is becoming more and more important to me as we speak. last week i was down at the shop looking at a nice bright red miata. i think in the book it says that may not be a midlife crisis. it is sociologically driven but tell me about the midlife crisis and why this may not be something i should be ashamed of. >> yeah. i am all for you buying a red

miata, brian. i would not attribute the midlife crisis because of the following. is there anyone here, not part of the phrase midlife crisis? has anyone ever not heard that? that irritates me. the reason is that this is one of the phrases that is lodged in our popular -- except, there is no evidence that it is true. it is one of the most bogus concepts, i don't even want to cause psychological science. sort of psychological mythology that we have. it was introduced in a paper in 1955 by a french-canadian psychoanalyst who basically asserted this with almost no proof. basically with no proof.it is the kind of thing, the paper if you read it today it would be like, oh. it would not even be an above average post.

so it seems in midlife there was this catastrophe, this thing that occurs where the bottom falls out. it is not true. there is no evidence of it. there is evidence of something, a huge amount of evidence of something else. it is softer, quieter, but it is undeniably true because it is been found literally in 70 countries. if you look at the curve of well-being over time, it looks like this. in our 20s and 30s , this is an access for well-being. and this axis, these are air charts. >> coming alive in front of you! on c-span you actually have colors and everything will be beautiful! >> i'm actually using -- so, what you see is that well-being over the lifespan goes like this.it is a u, there is not

a thought operative is a dip. so in our 50s over large populations there is a dip in well-being in the 50s but then once you come out late 50s or so, well-being goes up. and it can go up very significant ways. so there is not a midlife crisis but there is a midlife dip. i think i'm older than you. i know i am older than you. >> barely, my hairline is way older. >> the bottom point of quincy data, and again, this is research that was led by a nobelist in economics. if i were to show you different charts you would not be able to

tell the difference. there's no difference among men and women. no difference in the race, is a universal phenomenon of this slight midlife dip or slump. actual low point, which is not a dramatic low point but a low point for american men appointed to research is 52.9 years. i am 53. so i'm not feeling great about this. [laughter] >> i hit the bottom, i am on my way up. and the other thing about that is that when you look again, across disciplines, you see this phenomenon of a midpoint dip in many realms. there is something that happens to us. not only the course of a lifetime but in the course of a project and enterprises.mom gets in middle something, sometimes our motivation, we sag a little bit. it is true not only of life

midpoint but a variety of things. >> we will talk about that but one of the ways they show the midpoint they show this in the book, a discussion of happiness of apes, it's very quite interesting. some things that resonated was with midpoint but also on the way back up. i went to college at the university chicago, we had little rooms inside the library with study groups that would go there. we had a project you basically rent out the study room and you would be there for weeks on end. you tell a story that sounds exactly like my experience. if we had a two week project, the first week, it felt like wasted time, like we can get anywhere. then all of a sudden, i week

two, we get thecheck on their skepticism of signs that brings to any kind of enterprise. we have this, for a long time have this theory about how teams work. basically you have a team for seven long time and we will proceed and finish the project. and so one methodology for figuring this out was to videotape and audiotape project seems in action.she would take a team at a bank coming up with a new product or hospital team coming up with a new intake procedure or an insurance team coming up with a

new process inside of the company. and she basically embed these cameras in these places and record, literally, video and audio. every interaction. everything they said. when she was left with was, it sounds painful! imagine just like literally, hundreds of hours of videotape about a team coming up with a new banking product or a interest in coming up with a new process. what you found in the data is that it did not work the way the theorists had suspected. exactly is going insane, at the beginning of a process, at the being of a project, teams did very little. almost nothing. there was a lot of speaking, not surprisingly. but they did very little. and there is a moment that she says with teams really got going. the punctuation mark where they really got going.

and it turned out over and over again that the punctuation mark was exact temporal middle. the team has 31 days to do a project got started in earnest on day 15 or 16 predicting that had 11 days to do a project got started in earnest on day six. she even was so weirded out, so amazed by this that she put teams into experimental settings and set you have one hour. and between the 29th and 31st minute, there was a signal where someone said, they looked at the clock and said, oh my god! we have squandered half of our time we have to get going. that is why call it the uh-oh effect. what it shows is another aspect of the midpoint. midpoint have a dual effect. sometimes they bring us down and other times they fire set. bring us down you see is in compliance, if you have people, there is a famous study of asking people to cut out

shapes. and in the ad participants cut out five shapes. and people were meticulous on the first shape. meticulous on the fifth shape but like on the third one it wasn't. so midpoint have a dual effect. sometimes they bring us down and sometimes it virus. we see the firing up with the uh-oh effect. he also seek when not you are looking for significantly, during the current nba playoffs. there is good -- this is done at the university chicago. where they look at half-time scores in the nba. the national basketball association pretends that the team leading at half-time is more likely to win the game. >> shocking! we should leave it right there. >> the exception, of course, would be washington wizards. they were ahead last night at

half-time. anyway, teams that are ahead by half-time are more likely to win again. again, it is not mathematically shocking.right? they have more points. but the game is half over. but, there is an exception to that rule which is quite intriguing. they found teams that were behind by one point, were more likely to win. being behind by one point, was more advantageous than being ahead by one point. being behind by one point was as advantageous as being ahead by two points. because later subsequent research they found there something about being slightly behind at the middle that galvanizes us. so the lesson i think is, midpoint a generally invisible to us. but anything that has a beginning and an end by certain nature has a midpoint. if you recognize midpoint, you can use them as a spark rather than a slump and when we to do that is to imagine yourself and

your team a little behind at the midpoint. >> as we get near the end, i went to get to this. something dare i say, poetic that you wrote. at the end of the chapter you write, talking about our lives and you use james dean as an example of a life that we judge in a certain way. they say the end, we see meaning. tell me about seeking meaning at the end of life and it will make us all feel real good. [laughter] >> is not even at the end of life it is endings of any kind have this really powerful effect on us. i actually love the research on this. any thing that is incredibly powerful, it has an effect on us that help us energize, to get us to move a lot faster. one example would be, the age at which people are most likely to run their first marathon. the first marathon.

the age at which people are first likely to run a marathon is age 29. okay? kind of weird. but 29-year-olds are twice as likely to run a first marathon than a 28-year-old. 28-year-olds are twice as likely to run a marathon than 30-year-olds? what is it? reaching the end of something so people have this need to do something to step up, to seek a sense of meaning. a disproportionate number of 39-year-olds run their first marathon for 49 -year-olds are three times more likely to run a first marathon than a 50-year-old. and so, we see a lot of stuff happening at the end. given the way people evaluate experiences. there is an incredible piece of research showing basically they had two groups of people. imagine this. two groups of participants and we give you a biography of a guy named john. we tell the story of john and it basically goes like this. for the first 29 years of his

work like he was a great guy. he ran a company, an employer, give to charity and treated employees well. in his 30th year he became a jerk. and mistreated employees, stop giving to charity and then sadly, unfortunately he died. okay? then this group of here we give you a biography of john. this john, for 29 years was a total jerk. he mistreated employees, he cheated vendors, he did not get to charity, he was a wretched human being. then in your 30, he actually changed his ways and became a decent fellow. then he suddenly and unexpectedly died. so what we do separately is ask you, where asking this. evaluate the morality of this guys life. and evaluate the morality of his life into big words. morality and life. it turns out that people evaluate those two characters pretty much the same.

this person, 29 years a good dude. when you're a jerk. this guy one year a jerk i mean 29 years a jerk and one year a good dude. because the good dude happened at the end, is considered as moral as the one here. so what happens in the end is enormously significant. i think you and your fellow teachers do a brilliant job of this. i read about this. using endings as meaning. we seek meaning at the end of something. what has it been about? what i will remember this by. and people who are architects of experiences, i think teachers will fall into that category, construct markers. that illicit meaning at the end. and there is some lovely examples of teachers doing things to mark the end of a year teachers can have this as

a positive experience. >> on that i think will start to pull together because i know some of you have questions. i think this is a good point to bring up my last question but, i want you want to know, we barely touched so many of the things in this book. but there is a great story in mumbai, there is so much more in here. if you get a chance, please pick this up. we just talked about endings and in the practical guide, for each chapter you talked about the favorite endings that you have with some works of literature because we always talk about it was the best of times or the worst of times. the final words answers are so meaningful, let's look at yours. i will look at the final words of your book. what you tell me what i'm supposed to take from this. you say, i used to believe timing is everything. now i believe everything is

timing. so what am i supposed to take from that enough. >> i have no idea. [laughter] >> thank you for being here at the annapolis book festival. >> no, i think it is a good question. it's important, it is an important question and maybe we can sort of bring this part to an end. there is a fellow named william james. essentially the parent of -- he wrote a book that i read, is about religious experiences and there is a line in the book that truly haunted me ever since i read it. says, most of us live their life, only have to wait. only half awake. every since i read this it has haunted me. am i moving through life only

half awake? i think there's a tendency we have to do that. and one of the things i learned from this book, everything is timing, it is the following. human beings are temporal creatures. talk about a biological clock. that is not the way to think about it with biological clocks based on every cell in our body. and we are also moving through time. you know like brian and i begin this conversation in the past. will finish it in the future. it is kind of weird when you think about it. like everything we talked about. we are temporal creatures living in a temporal landscape. i think that's why we are weak that. if we are fully awake, we are three quarters a week. if we are more awake in the temporal dimension of our lives i think we will actually do better work, contribute more and live better lives. that i think is worth trying to get out with this last line. >> excellent. i know we have a microphone set

up for people that might have questions. i do want to talk a little bit about how we will enter. afterward, you are all, i know going to want to storm the stage like a justin bieber concert. i ask you not to. we will head over to the activity building which is a nice big building next door to sign books.if you have questions or things like that, i think you will be here all day. just save those until he gets over there. just other things that you want to ask. is there anyone here that would like to stand up and please, if you could walk some microphone, so we can all hear you. i hope i'm given good directions. can you hear me? >> this is as exciting as a colonoscopy. he talked a little bit about the nba. my question deals with athletics. >> yeah. >> the timing of that. specifically, in golf

tournaments. and in the big ten was on the last two days he always puts the better players in the afternoon. it seems counter productive to what you are saying. >> okay so, tell me your first name. >> jim. >> does an excellent question. forgive me for saying this. here is the thing. i am a writer so i spent a lot of time by myself. the fact that people want to engage with staff and point out things that are not necessarily my stuff is all sensitive. forgive me for that. anyway, physical performance is actually a little different. i think that they care the best golfers at the end for t.v. ratings. i think -- there is a

difference in physical performance over time, over the day.and we see that you can see this in terms of our own lessons of one's exercise. we think about one's exercise, morning exercises good things. habit formation, enduring goodness because you don't sleep away then would boost and is therefore pretty good for weight loss. afternoon exercise is good for certain things, including performance. performance can go up, not in the trough but in the late afternoon, performance can go up. a reason for that is body temperatures. people that worked out in the late afternoon and early evening they are less prone to injury because they are more warmed up and they enjoy it more. also late afternoon and early evening, physical performance, lung function is higher, although i don't know how much use in golf.

hand eye coordination is better which obviously is important and your speed is better. if you look at speed events, speed events, a disproportionate number of world records in speed events were set between 4 pm and 7 pm local time. so there might be, and i never thought about this before, was designed really as i think four tvs of the of the best players competing at the end closer to prime time. it could actually be a performance answer. i never thought about that before. >> thank you. i do not have to change my gym time. [laughter] >> one or two more. >> thank you. as far as in the distribution of about 100 university professors that are across the country. and every once in a while we send an email to get them to do something. like take a survey or rsvp for a meeting.

so, to maximize response, is there an optimal day of the week and or time of day at which i should send the email? >> great question! >> i have been there it is good. >> may be! [laughter] >> put yourself out on a limb. i think the more important, there is some evidence that is little confounding because you do not know when people will actually open it. and that is when they will ultimately take action. there will be a lot of variance in my people actually open it. there is some evidence out there in terms of decision-making. when you ask people to do something and we make decisions, decision-makers come to a decision with a default decision in their back pocket. when you come to somebody and you ask them something. go to your boss to ask for a

raise, if your salesperson and you ask someone for something the answer is no. if you ask someone for a date the answer is no. in this decision it will be ignore this and not do it. all we know is that you are marginally more likely to get a sense f when people are making decisions, they're more likely to overcome the default when they make decisions early in the day or immediately after a break. it is hard to time that was email but the good thing with email is this. i am so that you mentioned this.this is a preposition. what i would encourage you to do is do an a/b test. in the next email sent 50 of them at nine in the morning. and then randomly find 50 of

them and nine in the morning and then 50 of them at 4 pm. see if there's a difference in response. this is actually bigger issue than we think. one of the things i'm convinced of now in terms of navigating our lives and navigating organizations is that particularly people running organizations are doing work and we have to start acting a lot more like scientists. what are scientists doing? to have hypotheses and they test hypotheses. and then they learn from us. and the ethic of the a/b testing i think it will go to the world of human interaction. boy think about our own work or the work that we are guiding with other people, we do not know the answers. right? we have some driving guiding principles but we do not know the specific answers in the specific case. so we should be acting like scientists. you're basically asking a scientific question. you have a hypothesis. test it! see what you learn. if it is seen that a certain

time is more effective keep doing that. if it is less effective than stop doing that. but that is what we need to do. observable behavior, act like scientists and have a degree of intellectual humility that says i do not know all the answers but also the degree of intellectual curiosity -- >> i apologize to the woman behind you. we do want to take two seconds to remind you to go see daniel pink and purchase the book. if you have to wait until after chris matthews that is fine. but come on over and i want to thank you one more time, daniel pink, thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> you are watching booktv on

c-span2. television for serious readers. live coverage of the annapolis festival. that was off there, daniel pink, talking about thescience of time . in a few minutes will be back with more from annapolis. next up is msnbc chris matthews on the life of robert kennedy. [inaudible conversations] >> monday evening at 7 pm, james comey will be live on booktv on c-span2 in prime time. with his best-selling autobiography, "a higher loyalty". he will discuss several of the issues he faced as fbi director, including the

investigations, helen cleanses emails and views on president trump. watch james comey live on booktv on c-span2 in prime time. monday at 7 pm eastern. ... .. >> a look at some of the

best-selling books continues with -- >> looking at some of the books from the new york times nonfiction bestsellers list -- >> some of these authors have or will appear, watch them on booktv.org. >> for nearly 20 years, in-depth has featured the best-known nonfiction writers for live conversations about

their book. best-selling fiction writers for our monthly program, in-depth fiction addiction. that is live with thriller fiction author david boldacy. >> in-depth fiction addiction sunday on may 5th from noon until 3:00 eastern on booktv on c-span2.

[inaudible conversations] >> live from the annapolis book festival on booktv a look at the life of robert kennedy. chris matthews is the author of the new biography. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

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[inaudible conversations] >> thank you for coming out on this beautiful day. chris matthews needs no introduction but i want you to buy this book because having written books about body kennedy, this is a good one because chris is in it. you feel his presence and it is really interesting. i want to start with that. how he came to write this book, why he wrote this book, tell us how you got into this. >> we are lucky to be in the presence of the chairman of the democratic party of maryland,

kathleen matthews. [applause] >> if you have any concerns about the democratic party, go to her, she will help. explain how they will beat trump and all that stuff. you were a journalist for a long time and you do string collection. you pick up items of truth and that tells me something interesting. i remember reading julie nixon's book, so unlike her dad, late, positive, upbeat, very attractive, beautiful woman and she wrote about the time her father and mother hosted jacqueline kennedy, john junior and caroline at dinner in a quiet, relatively secret dinner to show them the

portraits of pres. kennedy and jacqueline, the first lady. a wonderful evening. i interviewed john junior, spilled his milk on nixon's crotch, how funny it was, so i am thinking there is a story about personal relations among these guys who were such rivals. let me explore that. i found my window into body of the capital police officer three months in 71, harry reid, other people, a job where you are paid for doing something else, to be a cop and carry a gun, to work in the office during the daytime, i don't think this process is around anymore. it was outrageous someone to k

engineer, one of these streetcorner superintendents who watches the construction, who knows everything and we talk about senators in real life terms and talk about liberal democrat senators and they would walk around with their eyes at middle distance and their brains on matters of importance to us all but not human regular people and he said the only liberal democratic sen. who regularly said hello to the police officer on duty was bobby kennedy. that tells me an awful lot, he likes cops and he wasn't a snob. the guy making $8000 year was as important as anybody else in the building and then i would

read jack newfield, the same thing about bobby. even though is he is for minorities or native americans, california farmworkers, poor blacks living in the delta, he felt cops, waitresses and construction workers, firefighters, were his people. he is rooted in the old ethnic groups of the big city, even though he is known as a tribune of minorities, in many ways today people feel discarded by the democratic party, they are all trump people. that is an interesting story, bobby kennedy is the one who will unite people, normally at odds with each other and used against each other in modern politics certainly by people like trump but this evolved in my head, i began to write it because i realized writing a

book about jack kennedy, how central bobby was all the way through. there could not have been jack kennedy without bobby kennedy. from 52 on through the cuban missile crisis, it is unimaginable jack could have gotten through without him. and this great advantage, kenny o'donnell, 64 interviews with sandra banneker, bobby's closest friends, they went to harvard together, played football, the varsity, wurster guy and he caught both perspectives, i learned a lot about bobby's role, making him president. >> we don't think so much about jack kennedy is the friend of the workingman. >> policywise but his friends, charlie was 6 generation yale,

sort of preppy, in hopes found after the war, ben bradley said he had the best stud papers. it wasn't a sexual reference, breeding is more likely. the british ambassador to the united states was a close friend of his, those were jack's social friends. he would never invite ted sorensen to dinner with jackie whereas bobby would hang out with jim whitaker the mountain climber, he liked men and women of accomplishment, not background. >> one guy who is so different -- >> the kennedy family is like that. if you get to know the kennedys, the bobby kids, some are a little more aloof and some are just the opposite.

the most regular person in the world, some of the other kids a little different, maria is a mixed bag but they are different. i noticed the social bearing is different within the family, certainly patrick who is a regular guy, ted who spoke so well at his father's funeral is a good guy. there is a mix and certainly the generation before, teddy kennedy was the most democratic guy in the world. his friends were all over the place. >> were jack and bobby close when they were young? >> you were setting me up for that? the opposite. imagine a family with 9 kids and they begin to disappear like 10 little indians in the agatha christie play where they all disappear. you have an older brother who is your hero, joe kennedy, this

incredible mission over france in 1944, your second oldest brother almost gets killed, missing for at least a week, jackie thought he was gone. your brother-in-law gets killed in world war ii in europe and your sister, your oldest sister, rosemarie disappears. the lobotomy, no explanation, never seen again. they just keep disappearing and the darling of the father, the one who was the dream of the family is killed over an airplane crash over the alps, they just keep dying, disappearing and jack survives,

scary health problems from the beginning. they used to joke if a mosquito ever bit jack the mosquito was finished. >> jack had last rites 3 times. >> four, last rites coming back from britain in 47 when he was over there with his first incident, at it again after another incident in okinawa at the hospital where bobby saved his life the first time, got him to the hospital on that trip together and had the back operation in 54 where it was horrendous, he had addison's disease, any shock to the system, bobby had it at the end is one thing, bobby was a real catholic, nothing formal about it. he, the first thing he wanted to make sure of when he hurt his brother had been shot was do they have a priest, he was

very catholic and it -- >> bobby had been an altar boy. act wasn't an altar boy. >> you speak the truth. he was not. that is one of bobby's challenges in life, keeping his brother out of trouble, never told him to stop womanizer as jack called it, girling. he did save him from a couple problems. i read about this, i am roman catholic and we go to church and i'm part of the catholic church and always amazed there is bobby, he knew all the words in latin we all grew up in baltimore. anyone know the latin? we are all here. you can actually do it, i more rise it. i think he loved the devotion, the incense, the whole feeling

that as reagan said, the smells and bells. that is what reagan referred to us as, smells and bells. anyway he really believed in the religion. jack's devotion was interesting like roosevelt -- mark dalton, his first buddy, campaign manager, would say -- going and light a candle for joe or what are you thinking about? thinking about joe. over at the sword of, the family she married into, he would kneel at the graveside. when he lost patrick in 63, the baby who died, he went over, he

had a tremendous family devotion to his religion, very real. according to two witnesses he prayed every night. hard for people to figure out how complicated people are, but he was hedging his bets. so i don't think you can say he wasn't religious because he was except he did screw around and that is a fact, notorious and relentless and bobby told him to cut off his relationship with judy campbell for two reasons, he was going to get caught, the other reason was he was sharing her with the godfather, sandy o'connor who bobby was investigating. >> you can't make it up. >> four reasons. they were using that to get castro. talk about layers of complexity. and also got him away from

sinatra and that wasn't easy. when kennedy did that, you just got to cut this guy off. >> kennedy was due to go to sinatra's home in palm springs when the memo came in about judith campbell and they took a sledgehammer and went outside and broke up the helipad built for the pres.'s helicopter, smashing it with a sledgehammer. >> he stayed with bing crosby who not only was the chief rival of sinatra, the top jazz finger, these were white guys but great jazz singers, they were for real, especially bing crosby, a serious jazz finger and he was a republican. he was really sticking it to

sinatra. >> enough about sinatra. >> you are afraid of him, aren't you? >> tell us when did jack realize bobby was helpful, useful, how did that happen? >> when he first came to help him bobby was on the joseph kennedy junior destroyer for several months as a common theme in, and bobby was not a good guide to deal with, he was no financial felt it, jack had to be around, and something else to do. she had reason to pout. >> they are always at odds.

playing softball with kids, this kennedy is okay. he was a list a craddick and became the neighborhood guy playing softball in that area, and changed dramatically. when he made the harvard diversity, it was 18th and the ivy league became a non-scholarship league, he made it work, got rid of his slackers and the governor, governor and sen. held them back. check that i don't want to do it. and we are not teaming up with you and began that method of

operation, keep me out of it. and jack got the reputation for being charming, brilliantly -- jack was a brilliantly disguised romantic and bobby was a romantic disguised as a realness -- he could be frighteningly cold. he made his brother took wonderful and he took the heat. >> carry that forward into the kennedy presidency, what did bobby do? >> bobby had to fight for civil rights. the democratic party was the segregationists party and all the people running capitol

hill, they were all segregationists, when florida was still a southern state in many ways before everybody moved down there because of jet travel. it was the segregationists party, harry truman, they'll dealt with segregationist guys and kennedy had to take them on, they were the democratic party. and taking them on and his attorney general had to do the fighting, the freedom riders. and all these demonstrations and violence, a bobby is a warrior, bobby was a man of experience, he learned through experience the bad guys down there are the bad guys. the federal troops and a very

unpopular thing to do. your own country bringing in federal troops, if anybody lays a hand, shoot him. and a lot of it was self learning, went into a room with james baldwin, african-americans in new york, harry belafonte and all these people, he bailed out all the kids, he did all this behind-the-scenes stuff. don't they like what i am doing? two week later he sat in a room with his brother on tape,

saying johnny, you got to go on television and fight for civil rights, a white guy learning about the cause of civil rights. >> you got to do it. >> he was learning through experience, learning who he was buy what he was doing through action and same with the cuban missile crisis. like most americans when we found out the russians put intermediate-range missiles on cuba they were not defensive, they could reach every city in the united states but seattle. they were after us, reestablishing a different balance. it was just a base. he wanted to bomb the hell out of them but then, always thinking about berlin, how could i kill thousands of cubans and even russians? i don't want to be tojo.

i don't want to be doing pearl harbor in reverse, just bomb some country. he came up with the idea of his contact with khrushchev and floated the idea, we will for our jupiter missiles out of turkey if you pull your missiles out of cuba. in a secret deal, have to save us from a nuclear war. bobby went to see the us ambassador of the united states and russia and the wonderful scene, we got to save our kids. he did that. go see 13 days. it is really good. pretty accurate. >> civil rights, missile crisis.

>> he saw the impediment, a little print, in public life, people write nice things about you, you think it is true. people like good present the ink on him was bobby's number 2 man in washington was never linden. he began to think about 68, 61, 62, he certainly didn't want to wait out johnson. he didn't like johnson. he never liked johnson. johnson for whatever reason didn't like him. george reidy, johnson express secretary from way back when said it was like two dogs meeting on the sidewalk. i just think we have all seen two dogs meeting on the sidewalk. my sidewalk, there is only one sidewalk in two dogs and that

sidewalk was the presidency and they both wanted it. a whole history going back to 1940 where bobby found out and and was finding out he had been sitting in the oval office in 1940 when fdr was talking to joseph kennedy senior lavishing him with the usual bs, come home, bring rose with you, it will be wonderful, and i will fire him secretly. he was dining on that for years and bobby heard about it, you are dead man if you mess with kennedy, very irish, don't mess with the family and bobby never for gave -- later he accused the kennedys of being pro-nazi, umbrella carrying chamberlains and all that. i think the brothers tried to outlive their brother's terrible position on world war ii of the holocaust.

they were like michael corleone he in the godfather, the young kids were real americans, patriotic, the old man wasn't, the old man was out for himself is not pro-nazi but distinct. the kids were very different, they were really good people on the issue of patriotism. >> how did the johnson rfk thing play out? >> it started in los angeles. a wonderful hotel in los angeles, the scene of the fight between bobby and lbj. i got letters from tempo neil but the johnson people, sam rayburn, catherine graves's husband, we are going to try to get johnson on the ticket and johnson went along with it. the night jack got the nomination, lbj before he went

to bed wrote a handwritten letter to jack saying i will do whatever you want, i am yours, basically. with the very clear implication he was ready for the ticket and he said to one of his minions i want you to deliver personally by hand to the senate, i want him to have it before he goes to bed tonight. .. they call and say let's meet at ten and offered it to him. bobby finds out about this. in the beginning he was ambiguous about it. how many electoral votes are there. he's thinking about it. and then bobby goes for whatever reason he goes crazy

about it. it was contingent though. that they put it together or not. and they actually offered it to them. they spent the day with bobby. bobby was so's strong his position to it. they did allow him to go up and talk him out of it. and they just laughed at that. they held on and they got it. so was it a murky thing. they did sort of give it away. johnson wouldn't give it up.

he needed texas. there's no republican party and 60. they went out for a lot of things. it never ended that fight. it was a sad picture. hatred.

what is wrong with this picture. it was pretty good evidence. something wrong with that deal. after his brother died. talk to us about how that happened. bobby was a backroom guy. he was comfortable as a strategist like when jack went out to debate richard nixon. he gave just the right advice. kick him in the balls. it is a true locker room. that is locker room talk. dougal out there been

pattycake about this. stick it to him really hard. i don't work with nixon. it was the worst possible strategist. the guy who called him the night before was his running mate. erase the assassin's image that's a real builder upper. i think that is better advice. when he ran for president. but i don't have is a bobby. no one has ever have a bobby except jack. he would do the signature gesture.

one hat in this pocket. he would do everything like jack. they would say snap out of it. paul and i talked about it. snap out of it your brother is dead and you are alive. when i told that to them. they said good for paul. i think he tried to imitate his brother. it's for jack. they looked at it cosmically. they look in the book. everything about it they dressed .

everything fit right. look at them. look at how he walks. he knew how to carry a golf club. everything he did was elegant. bobby was awkward all the time. everything they liked. they made them in the continental figure in the world. the way they launched. he could not had done better winning it. it ran up to the podium. let's go. and then they gave the concession speech so fast. the moonshine identifying with

that moonshine. in the inaugural address. the new frontier. it was brilliant. it's beautiful. like hemingway at 30 different titles. these things don't happen by accident. and they always made the effort. and he was always elegant. his funeral was perfect. he was always awkward. a great scene in the beginning

they just smashed into a window. he went and said to us. doesn't he know i'm president

he would talk to his friends when they were impressed school together. why can't we do something for these people outside the window of the train. he was upset and leonard. we can't have that. he fought for speakers. they really made an effort. i think part of it was he was shorter than the rest of the brothers. the brothers were all these big tall guys. basically you are the irish kid that is not getting the land.

there can be presidents not you buddy. i think he began to realize what it was like to be overlooked. i think you are. a real parent. i absolutely believe that. i think he really did care. he connected with the civil rights movement through action. he went out there to look for people with trouble. why are we going in this boring trip. they just head communion together i can't even figure it out but i did it.

this is what i'm doing. i think he have a real heart unlike jack. he was a cool customer keeping ahead of history. she loved it. how do they convey it. it wasn't about the war anymore. it was about a domestic policy. and i think walking into the tough neighborhood they had spent their day speaking at notre dame. and he had been speaking at ball state. how can you have such faith in

this country he said i just do. how things work in a make out in the country. they're not working out. they rise it to the neighborhood. they thought there would be a riot. this -- the cops would not had squared them. they went to the evening news. and the guy next to them said i don't know yet. so whatever was in him he thought he could talk to them. and he was awkward again. what an awkward thing to say.

but to bobby it was a way of saying something about i know of the hora. the crowd understood. there never was any in indianapolis. it was the case at a time when very few white people did. they get to know pretty well. i know lily martin pretty will they also got a lot more rapport with white people. i think that makes sense.

that's where they came from. eventually. i think the irish. his brother was killed he went up to scranton pennsylvania. i don't think they really want to go to scranton. there was 1100 white guys in front of me. what's going on here. and he went up there. they irish need not apply.

how about we go back to the civil rights bill. we have it tough. get it boys. i don't know if it worked or not. i think kennedy been dead had a lot to do with it. let's take some questions. my answer to that is pretty direct.

the west side liberals were not a big fan. there is intellectual in the wonderful ability for the big thoughts. still thinking somebody and something too young to remember them. he was worthy of the presidency. if i had known the democrats were going to run that way. i would not had run.

i'm telling you. i think losing bobby was a big part of that. town versus town. black versus white. i think it would've been very different had a bobby kennedy walked into that convention hall all the old element of

the party getting behind it. and all of those delegates were basically free. anything could have happened and if you remind yourself what happened when they walked into that convention. even if it was half like that. it would've been a different country that week. i'll think anybody would have left the tv set that week. the new word is you don't know how it would've played to have that across the country and succeed that summer. i think it would been uphill. but with a country that would not had been with the kids throwing at the crap at the cops. it would've been a lot healthier. to have that debate.

with mccarthy as well. it would've been a much better country. nixon was so spooked by the kennedys. where nixon gets the word. after it's over someone turns the tv off. and nixon is still staring at the blank tv screen. it's very spooky. first of all how would he have avoided a debate. no hard fall then. you write in the book.

they appealed to both working class and minorities. is there anybody on the political scene today who is a similar sort of appeal no. i think there's a lot of reasons. i'm more concerned on that issue. i don't think we have an immigration policy we really believe in. he never wrote it down and voiced it. you don't have a policy. there's an actual resistance to change. we just haven't figured it out yet. abortion rights divides the working class. and the way that they advance

it's a value rather than a right. some bees can make a decision about it. but the values are a place to argue about it. it is a right. were talking about the right to one. i think they get confused on that. were talking about american rights now not our values. they want to screwed up fine. [applause]. [applause]. [inaudible conversations]

[applause]. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] you

had been listening to chris matthews discussing his biography of robert kennedy. more live coverage of the annapolis book festival continues on book tv and does a few minutes. i'm 1968 america in turmoil.

we look at the media's role in shaping how americans spirits the events of 50 years ago. our guest former cbs and nbc journalist journalists and founding director of harvard university sean seen service. and david hume kimberly. they covered senator robert kennedy's campaign. the vietnam war and the white house. watch in 1968 america in turmoil live sunday at 8:30 a.m. eastern and on american history tv on c-span three. here is a look at some authors recently featured on the book tvs afterwards. our interview program that includes david corn reported on how russian hackers

attempted to influence the 2016 presidential election. south carolina republican and trey gowdy talks about their friendship and time in congress. and james swanson leading up to the assassination facebook cofounder argues for guaranteed income for the working class. the former defense secretary recounts the presidency of gerald ford. his joint in conversation and this weekend journalist robert kessler reports on the trump administration. and started going out with him for quite a few months. guess where the fact that they went out together it was. the 16th paragraph. it was betrayed.

when i was at the washington post during watergate i would've been fired would of been fired if i did anything like that. that has the media has changed and when i do is i present specific examples. the washington post ran a story about the e-mails i had been turned over to congressional committees. along the various campaign aides. and men afford in the e-mails said no when i can do this.

and deputy gates said no. i never read that. have you seen it anywhere. and even the russian post story. all previous programs are available to watch on her website stanford university professor examines how global

politics impacts corporations and political risk. the thoughts on the challenges facing women today. michael hayden reports on the threat to the intelligence committee. also being published this week through my father's eyes. the legacy in career by his son franklin graham. they look at the political career. and best-selling author recounts the early military career. and the young washington. look for these titles. watch for many of the authors in the new near future on book tv c-span two.

[inaudible conversations] and beginning now from the annapolis book festival at the key school as a discussion on climate change [inaudible

conversations] [inaudible conversations].