she will replace mike pompeo who left that position becomes secretary of state. if confirm she will be the first woman to head the cia. watch her testimony live wednesday at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span three. where you can listen live on the free c-span radio help. >> host: were joined on how the federal government can prepare for the impacts technology will have on the workforce of the future. a senior fellow. with the century foundation. >> guest: we are hundred-year-old nonpartisan think tank focusing on quality, opportunity and security. the founder of the company wanted to give his fortune to public service of the token started. >> host: what is your area of expertise? >> guest: i focus on the workforce and changes on work and how we need to put changer

programs. >> host: technological unemployment is a term you use for the foundation. the viewers can find this report. explain why in mean by technological unemployment. >> guest: with computing, automation and artificial intelligence, and computing based technologies can do tasks that were not previously imaginable. we look at currently available technology. some is estimated it's one and two. half of the jobs can be replaced by technology. upwards of one in ten in america could lose her job based on a robot taken its place. >> now seen that response the name of the report give us some

potential examples. >> driverless cars. a decade ago people talk about driving and that's something we were never be able to automate. now with the speed of community and the amount of data available were able to map the streetscape enough. long-haul truck drivers is a critical job. they could lose their job to technology. >> host: a 51% potential impact of jobs, you talking years or decades? >> guest: it depends on the scale and pace of technology. over the next 5 - 10 years we could see significant dislocation. >> host: the other part is how prepared the federal government is to assist those whose jobs may be impacted. is it prepared? >> guest: no. look at toys "r" us right now.

a company upended by amazon. those workers may just get ten weeks of unemployment benefit and no retraining. they might be 55 years old and have to find another job. >> host: why is it governments job to cushion the blow for those jobs that may be lost due to new technology. >> host: it's in all of our interest when workers are productive. it's hard often when a company myself workers they don't have much in the way to help pay their former employees there's a lot of winners and technology. so we can redistribute those resources to help the rest of the economy. >> host: if you want to join the

conversation as we talk about technology and the impact the phone lines are split regionally. we are focused on trade and adjustment assistant, what is that? >> guest: the one generous program have for you can go back to college if you're dislocated from work as if you lost your job through trade. the government will pay for your college and make sure you can meet your expenses to complete that program. >> host: 45000 participants in this program from 2016. 76% found employment within six months, the average training costs is $12000 per person.

is this an effective program? >> it's much more generous in the benefits. when you look at worker cuts compared to those with unemployment benefits, they're doing better. and over a lifetime the have more money in their pocket. >> host: so your contention is that we should expand trade assistance to make it technology and trade? >> i think it's one of the things capitol hill could do. take an existing program with benefits and expand the eligibility. especially those in the midwest it's hard to tell, that person operating a machine losing his job because of trade in china or because technology is moving fast? >> so you think a government program here that cost $12000

per person could be helping 51% of the workforce in decades to come? >> guest: we spend about six times less than what they spend in the european union on these programs. it's a critical investment. anxiety and challenges we have have had repercussions across the country. we need to get in front of this. with think about pell grants and others of similar. we want adults losing their job to get the same thing young people going into college. >> your response to technological unemployment. you can call land. >> caller: good morning.

i want to touch off on automation, the effects of this had that only with putting workers out of business or out of their jobs, but also giving more money to the people who on the factories. i don't think automation is going anywhere. i think we need to deal directly with the robots and we will provide energy to the and they will provide the products that they make. >> guest: the best case scenario is that we designed the robot in a way that maximizes human input. there's a lot of data out there and humans can say this data saying this part is not working. but it's all about the way we design it. the caller is right.

automation is here to stay. the cost of an industrial robot is coming down quickly and is making substitution of a robot for a worker in a factory. i think it will come to restaurants and other places to. >> host: what jobs are sector should we prepare for the coming of the robot? >> guest: the jobs that don't require a lot of human touch and creativity. see people know about what's happening in manufacturing i think it's moving more to the service sector. retail stores, restaurants. those jobs will change. >> host: we have another caller. >> caller: i have a couple comments. i read about this.

there's a professor by the name of jeremy -- who writes about the ending of capitalism because well this, how two thirds of the economy is based on consumer spending. if consumers don't have jobs they won't be a will go out and spend. it will reform or change capitalism as we know it. a lot of people have propose shortening the work week. because technology is what it is the average worker should not have to work a few days a week in the future. the work we can germany is 30 some hours per week. the jobs that are out there, the work is more divided. seems to me the five-day workweek is on its way out. i would like your comments.

>> guest: like other ways of technology, we shouldn't have left's overall employment. if companies making robots are doing well people will have money to spend. but it is dislocation. take one visit to ohio. the economy is bigger than it was but there's not as many people. the second point i think is valid as well. >> host: on the retraining aspect for the long haul truck driver see product, what to see that person doing after retraining? hopefully other works that will use their hands. were technical in nature and unique in crafting. starting their own business, working in construction.

something that uses their skills. most workers, that might lose their job could find another occupation in another field using the same skills. >> host: the technology and trade adjustment, how much do you see that costing and how do you pay for? >> guest: the initial cost will be about 1.5 billion per year for the first five years based on what mackenzie is estimating on job loss. there's ideas to pay for it. one bill gates had is the robot that takes your job should pay your taxes. so maybe a technology tax. >> paul, good morning pgh so, perfect example of the trade adjustment. work for general electric and

it's a blue-collar worker or plant was moved to mexico because of the nafta trade agreement. 200 of us loss our jobs. seven signed up for the trade adjustment act. all seven of us graduated college. i got my bachelors degree in teaching through certificate. it was a long haul but it was the best thing that ever happened. >> guest: it's great to hear the success story. it's one of the only programs we have that allows them to go back to college. most of the programs are only about $3000. >> host: what does that pay for? >> guest: is paying for the tuition this color used to go to college.

other programs might pay for short-term trainings like to be a truck driver welder. >> host: what about the living expenses you're incurring. >> guest: trade adjustment is unique. you continue to get unemployment benefits as long as you're making satisfactory progress. you get up to two years after your laid-off. so if you had some credits you could get maybe a bachelor's degree. you have to meet the requirements and passing. >> host: how long can he stay on it? >> guest: up to two years. >> host: what is the level of waste, fraud, and abuse in the program? >> guest: think the biggest programs getting people into training they can complete and find a job. that's the biggest challenge.

>> host: john is in california. good morning. >> caller: i think it's premature to think that driverless trucks would be out there on the roads, considering how incredibly complicated it is to drive a truck. i most got run off the road by a driver who may have been sleepy. i think technology can help drivers with helping them to drive. but to have a driverless truck would be insane. i think there would be a public outcry. >> guest: it's interesting, i think credible researchers showed driverless cars and trucks would have less accidents. but it would be easier to blame the government our company when a truck goes off the road. we are solving some of these problems at a pace not

imaginable. so that driver could be behind a joystick in an office driving ten trucks. we may be comfortable with that and it may be safer than the driving we have now. hopefully those would be union job. >> computer and retraining some of those truck drivers. >> in general define this a good thing when technology is doing that? >> guest: if we harness the technology from a we want to do and improve our standard of living and solve problems, yes. if we just let it be with technology coming down like a force of nature, movers a good example of that. something that came into the marketplace, they bullied their way in. we like having ridesharing services. but a lot of people are not making a living because we

didn't get in front of it to say how are we going to do this and be safe. >> host: what should we have done with uber? >> guest: a basic regulation like background checks so we don't have problems with sexual assault. what about minimum wage. if somebody's going to do this for an hour and have certain expenses for their car, let's make sure they're getting a decent wage. >> host: technical logical unemployment, your with us for about ten more minutes. you can give us a call. >> caller: good morning. thank you for taking the phone

call. let me preface a few things. one, hope you're reading the newsletter every week about the latest technology. secondly, we don't have information about nanotechnology. we have no information about stem cell research. it's like a news blackout on high tech information were supposed to get. we have good information about artificial intelligence because of the automobile industry and their autonomous program. people don't realize that technology superseded and made a giant drone beyond our recognition of what the society will look like. in three years will have all electric vehicles. people are thinking it's

impossible. just like smoking on an aircraft was impossible to take away. tell us about the nanotechnology, the medical breakthroughs and how those things will impact our society? >> we don't think about healthcare and nano materials. something that helped me was the computing speed doubled within five years. we talk about how fast computers are today, it is doing things that are previously unimaginable. this spring in the cost of technology to a place we did not think of before. >> host: here's a story from the business insider about ray, engineer for google. the director of engineering say basic income will spread

worldwide by 2030s. mike is in virginia, good morning. >> caller: i went to a forum on thursday, on may 3 at afl cio. as a retired federal employee. as a union member is called labor in a visceral age. pretty much the consensus was, that unions have to get involved with displaced workers. one of the moderators stated that unemployment in the future could be close to 47%. someone else said it probably

will not get that high, but also said that a lot of the technology like maybe driverless trucks or cars or other technology even though it can make an impact right now with micro- economy, it would take a few decades to have an effect on the macroeconomy. what are your thoughts on that? >> caller: i was there as well. getting involved in these discussions is a critical point. government provides a way to get involved in it. >> guest: it is right to say the pace of technology will probably be modest in the next ten years.

but it's causing it to go down and uses for artificial intelligence that it will speed up much after that. it gives us an opportunity to think about training. mechanics ceased to get under the hood another on a computer. it's a chance to get ahead of the training for not just those who are losing their job but for whom the job is changing. >> you bring up union membership. i want to get your thoughts on the future of union number ship. this graph shows union membership from 1917 the increase to 1945 and the long decline to 2017. >> there was some data with a small uptick among younger

workers and some in the -- industry. thinking people who came of age during the great recession and had some protection and ability to have a voice at work. >> host: to think will ever get back to the earlier numbers of those belonging to labor unions. >> i think the percent of workers want to have some voice at work whether it be through unions or other organizations. the polling about attitudes reunions has been picking up. where it hasn't been today many years. >> host: to we need to think about that is the future of technology? >> guest: a critical piece is thinking about the different sectors of the economy and how to have a say in technology.

there's more of an approach in europe were sectors of the economy are governed with union firms. we need a structure like that to think through what kind of regulations to we need weather be retailer trucking or healthcare, what do we want to have in place. >> host: we have a few minutes left. the group you are with his pcf.org. >> caller: can morning. my wife is in d.c., making a delivery. i'm a truck driver. and you of the technology don't have a clue. in how tight the streets are here. there's for shippers or for receivers ryan matt. they'll receive at different times. right now i'm in the middle of

the road getting unloaded. the we have to move this back to get to the other side. might be driving across country and tweak it to the shipper or receiver. driverless truck might work but i doubt it when you get on the mountain roads. there so many different factors and things. cannot adjust for going downhill and checking your air pressure through air brakes. there's things that have to be manually done in an 18 wheeler to run it safely. with the new regulations that have been screwed up and the reason why many truck drivers now like that poor lady said maybe that truck driver was tired. her hands are so tied and there's not enough parking spots for the trucks to get parked in

so we can get the trucks pulled off to the side. before we could pull them off to the side arrest a little bit about have it count against the clock that have. >> host: how long have you been a truck driver? >> i'm coming up on 2 million safe driving miles. that's no accidents, no tickets. i drive my truck very safely. with this electronic log we have now, having to do things i normally would not to. planning on getting out of the business because your over regulating it. it's becoming a joke. >> host: thank you for the call. stay safe. >> guest: he mentions a lot of complexities of the change in

technology. probably why some of the estimates came down from 47%. it could be a real change. some of the longer haul driving may be automated but there could be more jobs and short-haul trucking. with amazon and others we could have more short-haul driving jobs. it's mixing up the economy is its growing. >> host: you can check out their work. thank you so much for your time this morning. >> thank you. >> tonight, landmark cases, the case on capital punishment. the convicted arm robbery and murder challenged his death sentence. his case considered by the

court. but establish stricter guidelines for states wishing to discuss. we sat down to talk about this with a professor at the harvard law school. she was a number of the former clerk of thurgood marshall. in canton who advocates in favor of capital punishment in a more swift moving capital justice system. he has written briefs and cases. watch tonight at nine eastern on c-span. join the conversation. follow us on c-span. we have resources for background on each case. a companion book, a link to the interactive constitution and the podcast at c-span.org/landmark

cases. >> c-span, or history of. 1979 c-span was created as a public service. today we continue to bring you unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court, and public policy events at washington, d.c. and around the country. >> this week on the communicators, visit to capitol hill and the hack -athon. seminar to trade ideas on how to use technology in congress. >> host: now we want to introduce you to steve, one of the organizers of a congressional act upon. what you do for a